CA2256246A1 - Process for the membrane filtering of protein solutions - Google Patents
Process for the membrane filtering of protein solutions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2256246A1 CA2256246A1 CA 2256246 CA2256246A CA2256246A1 CA 2256246 A1 CA2256246 A1 CA 2256246A1 CA 2256246 CA2256246 CA 2256246 CA 2256246 A CA2256246 A CA 2256246A CA 2256246 A1 CA2256246 A1 CA 2256246A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- protein
- proteins
- molecular weight
- protein solutions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 14
- 239000012460 protein solution Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 24
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 24
- 108010046377 Whey Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 102000007544 Whey Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 10
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000021119 whey protein Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 102000008192 Lactoglobulins Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 102000004407 Lactalbumin Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108010060630 Lactoglobulins Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 235000021241 α-lactalbumin Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 108090000942 Lactalbumin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000014171 Milk Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010011756 Milk Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000005862 Whey Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000021239 milk protein Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 101000946377 Bos taurus Alpha-lactalbumin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101001008231 Bos taurus Beta-lactoglobulin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108060003951 Immunoglobulin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229940098773 bovine serum albumin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000018358 immunoglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011026 diafiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
- A23J1/20—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from milk, e.g. casein; from whey
- A23J1/205—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from milk, e.g. casein; from whey from whey, e.g. lactalbumine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
- C07K1/34—Extraction; Separation; Purification by filtration, ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Description
1 ) TITLE OF THE INVENTION
Process for The Membrane Filtering of Protein Solutions
Process for The Membrane Filtering of Protein Solutions
2) BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
i) Field of the Invention This invention relates to a process for the treatment of protein solutions.
ii) Description of The Prior Art Whey proteins are commonly concentrated through the use of ultrafiltration.However, attempts to utilize membranes in processes which require the protein to permeate through the membrane (e.g., microfiltration (MF) for bacterial removal or selective fractionation of proteins by ultrafiltration (UF) have been less successful. Standard organic membranes in spiral or flat sheet format exhibit soiling which may be partially due to the formation of a secondary membrane layer resulting in the rejection of proteins sized well below the molecular weight cut off (MWCO) for that membrane. For example, beta-lactoglobulin (MW: 18,000) which exists as a dimer in whey (MW: 36,000) exhibits significant rejection on membranes with much higher MWCO including even MF membranes. This fact has been used as the basis for concentrating beta-lactoglobulin relative to alpha lactalbumin (MW: 14,000) (see U.S. Patent No. 5,008,374) .
The problem of protein rejection can be controlled in tubular membrane systems through the use of inorganic membranes employing high product recirculation rates and and the possible inclusion of the cocurrent circulation of permeate.This approach is characterized by low effeciency and high capital and operating costs. It is also limited to microfiltration applications.
i) Field of the Invention This invention relates to a process for the treatment of protein solutions.
ii) Description of The Prior Art Whey proteins are commonly concentrated through the use of ultrafiltration.However, attempts to utilize membranes in processes which require the protein to permeate through the membrane (e.g., microfiltration (MF) for bacterial removal or selective fractionation of proteins by ultrafiltration (UF) have been less successful. Standard organic membranes in spiral or flat sheet format exhibit soiling which may be partially due to the formation of a secondary membrane layer resulting in the rejection of proteins sized well below the molecular weight cut off (MWCO) for that membrane. For example, beta-lactoglobulin (MW: 18,000) which exists as a dimer in whey (MW: 36,000) exhibits significant rejection on membranes with much higher MWCO including even MF membranes. This fact has been used as the basis for concentrating beta-lactoglobulin relative to alpha lactalbumin (MW: 14,000) (see U.S. Patent No. 5,008,374) .
The problem of protein rejection can be controlled in tubular membrane systems through the use of inorganic membranes employing high product recirculation rates and and the possible inclusion of the cocurrent circulation of permeate.This approach is characterized by low effeciency and high capital and operating costs. It is also limited to microfiltration applications.
3) SL>Z~Y OF THE INVENTION
i) Aims of the Invention Consequently, since the above-described processes are not completely successful, it is the object of this invention to provide a process for the treatment of proteins involving the use of the full selection of organic and inorganic membranes available and is applicable in both OF and MF.
Another object of this invention is to provide a process for the fractionation of individual proteins in milk generally or in whey protein solutions in particular.
Yet another object of this invention is the provision of a process for the removal of lipids and/or bacteria from milk generally or from whey protein solutions in particular.
ii) Statement of Invention The present invention is based on the discovery that, by utilizing a system that applies a low tangential velocity at the surface of the membrane and low transmembrane pressure, permeation of protein sizes down to the approximate molecular weight cut-off of the membrane can be achieved. In other words, the present invention provides an improvement in a process for the membrane filtration of a protein solution.
Thus, the present invention provides a process for the membrane fractionation of protein solutions which comprises applying a low pressure and tangential velocity at the surface of the membrane, whereby permeation through the membrane of protein sizes down to a pre-selected molecular weight cut-off of the membrane is achieved.
iii) Other Features of The Invention By one feature of the invention, the protein solution is milk, whey, concentrated whey or a purified solution of whey proteins. In one variant of such feature, one or more proteins of higher molecular weight are rejected, which lower molecular weight proteins pass through the membranes. By one facet of that feature of the invention, the higher molecular weight proteins are immunoglobulin and/or bovine serum albumin proteins,and the lower molecular weight proteins are beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin, which are allowed to pass into the permeate. By another facet of that feature of the invention the higher molecular weight protein is beta-lactoglobulin, and the lower molecular weight protein is alpha lactalbumin, which is allowed to pass into the permeate. By another facet of that feature of the invention the higher molecular weight protein is phosphocasein and the lower molecular weight proteins are immunoglobulin,bovine serum albumin,beta-lactoglobulin, and alpha lactalbumin proteins.
In another such feature of the invention, the permeate is subjected to at least one of further concentration and diafiltration steps to produce a milk or whey protein isolate containing greater than 90% protein on a dry basis.
By another feature of the invention, the membrane has a pore size which is selected to remove bacteria but will allow substantially all protein to pass through the membrane.
By a further feature of the invention, the membrane has a pore size which is selected to remove residual lipid material,but to allow substantially all protein to pass through the membrane.
In other facets of these features of the invention, the resulting concentrates are dried to produce individual milk or whey protein fractions, or the permeates are further concentrated and dried to produce individual milk or whey protein fractions.
iv) Generalized Description of the Invention.
The process conditions are most effectively applied by passing a protein solution through a membrane pack ( Pall Corporation Cassette Systems, North Carolina SRT
Cross Flow filter modules, Millipore Prostak membrane module) with a channel height greater than O. Smm, a tangential velocity of less than 3.0 meters a second and a transmembrane pressure of less than 10 psi.
Accordingly, this invention provides a process for the membrane filtration of protein solutions.Such process uses standard flat sheet membrane materials. The proteins in the solution of sizes down to the approximate molecular weight cut-off of the membrane are able to cross the membrane and may be recovered in the permeate solution without any significant rejection of these proteins.
i) Aims of the Invention Consequently, since the above-described processes are not completely successful, it is the object of this invention to provide a process for the treatment of proteins involving the use of the full selection of organic and inorganic membranes available and is applicable in both OF and MF.
Another object of this invention is to provide a process for the fractionation of individual proteins in milk generally or in whey protein solutions in particular.
Yet another object of this invention is the provision of a process for the removal of lipids and/or bacteria from milk generally or from whey protein solutions in particular.
ii) Statement of Invention The present invention is based on the discovery that, by utilizing a system that applies a low tangential velocity at the surface of the membrane and low transmembrane pressure, permeation of protein sizes down to the approximate molecular weight cut-off of the membrane can be achieved. In other words, the present invention provides an improvement in a process for the membrane filtration of a protein solution.
Thus, the present invention provides a process for the membrane fractionation of protein solutions which comprises applying a low pressure and tangential velocity at the surface of the membrane, whereby permeation through the membrane of protein sizes down to a pre-selected molecular weight cut-off of the membrane is achieved.
iii) Other Features of The Invention By one feature of the invention, the protein solution is milk, whey, concentrated whey or a purified solution of whey proteins. In one variant of such feature, one or more proteins of higher molecular weight are rejected, which lower molecular weight proteins pass through the membranes. By one facet of that feature of the invention, the higher molecular weight proteins are immunoglobulin and/or bovine serum albumin proteins,and the lower molecular weight proteins are beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin, which are allowed to pass into the permeate. By another facet of that feature of the invention the higher molecular weight protein is beta-lactoglobulin, and the lower molecular weight protein is alpha lactalbumin, which is allowed to pass into the permeate. By another facet of that feature of the invention the higher molecular weight protein is phosphocasein and the lower molecular weight proteins are immunoglobulin,bovine serum albumin,beta-lactoglobulin, and alpha lactalbumin proteins.
In another such feature of the invention, the permeate is subjected to at least one of further concentration and diafiltration steps to produce a milk or whey protein isolate containing greater than 90% protein on a dry basis.
By another feature of the invention, the membrane has a pore size which is selected to remove bacteria but will allow substantially all protein to pass through the membrane.
By a further feature of the invention, the membrane has a pore size which is selected to remove residual lipid material,but to allow substantially all protein to pass through the membrane.
In other facets of these features of the invention, the resulting concentrates are dried to produce individual milk or whey protein fractions, or the permeates are further concentrated and dried to produce individual milk or whey protein fractions.
iv) Generalized Description of the Invention.
The process conditions are most effectively applied by passing a protein solution through a membrane pack ( Pall Corporation Cassette Systems, North Carolina SRT
Cross Flow filter modules, Millipore Prostak membrane module) with a channel height greater than O. Smm, a tangential velocity of less than 3.0 meters a second and a transmembrane pressure of less than 10 psi.
Accordingly, this invention provides a process for the membrane filtration of protein solutions.Such process uses standard flat sheet membrane materials. The proteins in the solution of sizes down to the approximate molecular weight cut-off of the membrane are able to cross the membrane and may be recovered in the permeate solution without any significant rejection of these proteins.
4) DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF TIC INVENTION
The following are examples of the present invention.
Example 1 4 liters of cooled whey protein concentrate (43%) were recirculated through an ultrafiltration holder ( known by the trdemark North Carolina SRT OPTISEP ) at a flow rate of 2.0 U. S. gallons per minute with the temperature maintained at less than 60 degrees F. The transmembrane pressure was maintained at 6 psi.This unit was equipped with 0.2 square feet of 500,000 MWCO PVDF membrane. Permeate was recombined with the feed to maintain a constant volume and the test was carried out for a period of 5 hours. Samples were taken for protein analysis every hour and flux measurements were taken throughout the run.
Analysis for Bovine serum albumin, alpha lactalbumin, and beta lactoglobulin revealed no significant rejection over the course of the test. Bacteria and lipid removal were shown to be greater than 99% and the flux remained constant at 1 lml/min for the duration.
Example 2 2 liters of defatted protein solution were circulated through an ultrafiltration holder ( known by the trademark North Carolina SRT OPTISEP ) at a flow rate of 1.9 U.
S.
gallons per minute with the temperature maintained at less than 60 degrees F.
The transmembrane pressure was maintained at 4 psi. This unit was equipped with 0.2 square feet of 30,000 MWCO RC membrane. Permeate was recombined with the feed to maintain a constant volume and the test was carried out over a period of 4 hours. Samples were taken for protein analysis every hour and flux measurements were taken throughout the run. Analysis for beta lactoglobulin and alpha lactalbumin revealed significant rejection for the beta lactoglobulin and no significant rejection of the alpha lactalbumin.
The flux remained constant at 22 ml per minute for the duration.
CONCLUSION
Thus, by the present invention, a process is provided which is particularly effective with whey protein solutions and may be used for the removal of bacteria or lipids or for the fractionation of individual proteins.
The following are examples of the present invention.
Example 1 4 liters of cooled whey protein concentrate (43%) were recirculated through an ultrafiltration holder ( known by the trdemark North Carolina SRT OPTISEP ) at a flow rate of 2.0 U. S. gallons per minute with the temperature maintained at less than 60 degrees F. The transmembrane pressure was maintained at 6 psi.This unit was equipped with 0.2 square feet of 500,000 MWCO PVDF membrane. Permeate was recombined with the feed to maintain a constant volume and the test was carried out for a period of 5 hours. Samples were taken for protein analysis every hour and flux measurements were taken throughout the run.
Analysis for Bovine serum albumin, alpha lactalbumin, and beta lactoglobulin revealed no significant rejection over the course of the test. Bacteria and lipid removal were shown to be greater than 99% and the flux remained constant at 1 lml/min for the duration.
Example 2 2 liters of defatted protein solution were circulated through an ultrafiltration holder ( known by the trademark North Carolina SRT OPTISEP ) at a flow rate of 1.9 U.
S.
gallons per minute with the temperature maintained at less than 60 degrees F.
The transmembrane pressure was maintained at 4 psi. This unit was equipped with 0.2 square feet of 30,000 MWCO RC membrane. Permeate was recombined with the feed to maintain a constant volume and the test was carried out over a period of 4 hours. Samples were taken for protein analysis every hour and flux measurements were taken throughout the run. Analysis for beta lactoglobulin and alpha lactalbumin revealed significant rejection for the beta lactoglobulin and no significant rejection of the alpha lactalbumin.
The flux remained constant at 22 ml per minute for the duration.
CONCLUSION
Thus, by the present invention, a process is provided which is particularly effective with whey protein solutions and may be used for the removal of bacteria or lipids or for the fractionation of individual proteins.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2256246 CA2256246A1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 1998-12-18 | Process for the membrane filtering of protein solutions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2256246 CA2256246A1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 1998-12-18 | Process for the membrane filtering of protein solutions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2256246A1 true CA2256246A1 (en) | 2000-06-18 |
Family
ID=29425841
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2256246 Abandoned CA2256246A1 (en) | 1998-12-18 | 1998-12-18 | Process for the membrane filtering of protein solutions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2256246A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004087220A1 (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2004-10-14 | Norika Holdings Pty Ltd | Isolation of a protein from a natural source in sterile form |
| CN101497649B (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2011-06-08 | 上海依科赛生物制品有限公司 | Production process of high fusion rate non-bacterial virus newborn bovine serum |
-
1998
- 1998-12-18 CA CA 2256246 patent/CA2256246A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004087220A1 (en) * | 2003-04-02 | 2004-10-14 | Norika Holdings Pty Ltd | Isolation of a protein from a natural source in sterile form |
| CN101497649B (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2011-06-08 | 上海依科赛生物制品有限公司 | Production process of high fusion rate non-bacterial virus newborn bovine serum |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |