CA2253196C - Firing mixtures - Google Patents
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- CA2253196C CA2253196C CA002253196A CA2253196A CA2253196C CA 2253196 C CA2253196 C CA 2253196C CA 002253196 A CA002253196 A CA 002253196A CA 2253196 A CA2253196 A CA 2253196A CA 2253196 C CA2253196 C CA 2253196C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
- F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
- F42B3/113—Initiators therefor activated by optical means, e.g. laser, flashlight
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Abstract
A firing mixture which contains explosives, oxidising and reducing agents is characterised in that it contains one or several explosives which can be fired by laser light. Also disclosed is a process for producing the same and its use.
Description
Igniter mixtures The present invention relates to igniter mixtures, their preparation and their use.
Igniter mixtures or else igniter compositions are used to ignite pyrotechnic mixtures or compositions and propellant charges. The pyrotechnic mixtures or compositions may in this connection be the sole charge or else an ignition booster charge or a gas-generating composition. Propellant charges/gas compositions are converted mainly into gaseous constituents which can be employed to initiate processes which take place rapidly, such as, for example, the acceleration of projectiles, the driving in of fixing materials, for example with the aid of bolt-firing tools, or else the inflation of gas bags (airbags) or to trigger belt tighteners in motor vehicle safety. One variant is represented by the use of liquid/gas compositions in place of solid/gas compositions. They make use of the reaction of liquid fuel with oxidizing agents to generate gas.
Igniter mixtures are generally initiated mecha-nically and must therefore be sensitive to friction and impact. They generally consist of initiator or primary explosives such as, for example, lead styphnate or diazodinitrophenol, reducing agents such as metal powders, and oxidizing agents such as barium nitrate or zinc peroxide. Sensitizers such as tetrazene or abrasives such as glass powder, which increase the sensitivity of the initiator explosives are likewise employed. For electrically ignitable systems it is primarily the rapidly reacting initiator explosives which are employed. The high mechanical sensitivity of the constituents, which is necessary for satisfactory functioning, is, however, a disadvantage in the manipu-lation of the raw materials and mixtures. It requires special safety measures. Other types of ignition such as ignition by exposure to heat or by feeding in high-frequency electromagnetic waves do not solve this problem, or are suitable only for very specific, greatly restricted applications.
The object of the present invention was to provide novel igniter mixtures.
In a first embodiment of the invention, the object is achieved by igniter mixtures which can be ignited by laser light. The explosives which may be present in the novel igniter mixtures are primary or initiator explosives, secondary explosives or mixtures of these explosives. Examples of primary or initiator explosives which can be employed are lead styphnate, diazodinitrophenol, tetrazene or potassium dinitro-benzofuroxanate or mixtures of these explosives.
Suitable secondary explosives are selected from nitro-cellulose, hexanitrostilbene, nitrated aromatic com-pounds and/or nitrated aromatic compounds with a polymeric structure such as polynitropolyphenyl ethers or the' polynitropolyphenylenes,. from certain heterocycles such as nitrotriazolone, from the derivatives of the tetrazoles such as aminotetrazole, ditetrazole or diaminoguanidine-azotetrazole and from hexogen or octogen. Further secondary explosives which can be employed are those derived from urea and its derivatives. Examples;which may be mentioned here are the urea derivatives biuret, guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine, aminoguanidine nitrate, thiourea, triaminoguanidine riitrate, amino-guanidine hydrogen carbonate, azodicarbonamide, tetrazene, semicarbazide nitrate, and the urethanes, the ureides such as barbituric acid and its derivatives. Said explosives can be employed alone or as mixture. Preferred according to the invention are the secondary explosives, particularly preferably the.
nitrated aromatic compounds with a polymeric structure, especially the polynitropolyphenyl ethers and the polynitropolyphenylenes or mixtures of these secondary explosives.
In accordance with another aspect, the present invention relates to ignition mixture that is ignitable by laser light and that contains oxidizing and reducing agents and a secondary 3a explosive, wherein the secondary explosive is selected form the group consisting of polynitrophenylether, polynitropolyphenylenes, nitrocellulose, hexanitrostilbene, nitrotriazolone, aminotetrazoles, ditetrazoles, diaminoguanidine azotetrazoles, hexagene, octagene, biuret, guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine, aminoguanidine nitrate, thiourea, triaminoguanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate, azodicarboxylic acid diamide, tetrazene, semicarbazidenitrate, urethanes, barbituric acids and mixtures thereof.
In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention relates to an ignition mixture that is ignitable by laser light and that contains a secondary explosive, an oxidizer, a reducing agent and a binder, wherein the secondary explosive is selected from the group consisting of polynitrophenylether, polynitropolyphenylenes, nitrocellulose, hexanitrostilbene, nitrotriazolone, aminotetrazoles, ditetrazoles, diaminoguanidine azotetrazoles, hexagene, octagene, biuret, guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine, aminoguanidine nitrate, thiourea, triaminoguanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate, azodicarboxylic acid diamide, tetrazene, semicarbazidenitrate, urethanes, barbituric acids and mixtures thereof.
the oxidizer is selected from the group consisting of sulphur, the peroxides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, zinc peroxide, peroxodisulfates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, ammonium from the nitrates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxohalogen compounds of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, ammonium, and mixtures thereof, and the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of a metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, aluminium, magnesium, cerium, and a mixture of these metals, an alloy of these metals carbon, boron, and mixtures thereof.
In accordance with a still further aspect, the present invention relates to an ignition mixture that is ignitable by laser light and that contains a secondary explosive, an oxidizer, a reducing agent and a binder, wherein the secondary explosive is polynitrophenylether, 3b the oxidizer is potassium nitrate, the reducing agent is boron, and the binder is polyurethane.
Besides the explosives, the novel igniters also comprise oxidizing and reducing agents customary per se. Binders, processing and/or compression auxiliaries can likewise be employed where appropriate.
Oxidizing agents which can be employed are the peroxides of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, zinc peroxide, and the peroxodisulfates of said elements and of ammonium, nitrates of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, especially lithium, sodium, potassium or strontium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate, oxohalogen compounds of the alkali metals or alkaline earth metals or of ammonium, particularly preferably potassium perchlorate or ammonium perchlorate. Sulfur is likewise suitable as oxidizing agent. Said oxidizing agents can be employed alone or as mixture.
Reducing agents employed according to the invention are metals such as, for example, titanium, zirconium, aluminum, magnesium, cerium in finely powdered form. Alloys of these metals such as titanium/
aluminum or cerium/magnesium can also be employed according to the invention. Further reducing agents are carbon or boron. Said reducing agents can be employed alone or as mixture.
Binders which can be employed are compounds from the group of polyesters or of polyurethanes.
Compounds with binding properties which make a contri-bution to the heat of the explosion and/or to the oxygen balance, for example nitrocellulose or poly-nitropolyphenylene, can likewise be employed as binders.
Processing and compression aids can be sub-stances which, for example, increase the flowability, such as Aerosil, or substances which prevent dust formation and improve the blocking resistance or meterability, such as graphite or boron nitride.
To improve absorption of the laser light, the novel igniter mixtures can where appropriate be colored or mixed with colored pigments. The thermal stability can, if necessary, be improved by adding stabilizers.
Suitable examples thereof are substances which are employed for stabilizing nitrocellulose.
It is further possible to add burning moderators to influence the burning rate of the novel igniter mixtures.
The burning moderators employed are substances or mixtures thereof which are suitable for influencing, by heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysis, the burning and its rate. Moderators which intervene in the reaction in the form of a heterogeneous catalysis are metals, metal oxides and/or metal carbonates and/or metal sulfides. Metals which can preferably be employed are boron, silicon, copper, iron, titanium, zinc or molybdenum. It is also possible to employ calcium carbonate. Mixtures of these moderators can likewise be used.
Moderators which intervene in the reaction in the form of a homogeneous catalysis are, for example, sulfur, copper resorcylates or ferrocene and its derivatives. These moderators are vaporized by the temperatures arising during the reaction and may thus intervene in the reaction themselves or as secondary products.
For protection from environmental effects, the novel igniter mixtures may, where appropriate, be treated or coated with protective agents.
The novel igniter mixtures have a wide variety of possible uses. They are preferably used for igniting pyrotechnic mixtures or compositions and propellant charges employed to initiate processes which take place rapidly, such as, for example, the acceleration of projectiles, the driving in of fixing materials, for example with the aid of bolt-firing tools, or else the inflation of gas bags (airbags) or for triggering belt tighteners in motor vehicle safety.
The characteristic safety data of some of the novel igniter mixtures are shown in Table 2. The data were determined by the methods of the Bundesanstalt fur Materialprufung [German Materials Testing Agency].
Compared with the primary explosive lead styphnate, in particular the sensitivity to friction and impact are distinctly improved with the novel igniters.
To estimate important characteristic quantities of the novel igniter mixtures, such as the energy released during the reaction (heat of explosion), the pressure, the explosion temperature and the reaction products arising at this temperature, a thermodynamic computer program was used to calculate an adiabatic reaction for the novel igniter mixtures at constant volume and a charge density of 0.1 g/cm3. Table 3 shows the most important data from the thermodynamic calcula-tion. The ignition energy necessary to initiate a reaction was determined experimentally.
The following examples are intended to illus-trate the invention without restricting it.
Examples 1 to 16:
The novel igniter mixtures are produced by processes known per se. The individual components are screened in the mixing ratios indicated in Table 1 through a screen with a mesh width of 0.2 mm and mixed in a tumbler mixer for 30 minutes. 200 mg portions of these mixtures are compressed under a force of 71 N/mm2 to tablets with a diameter of 6 mm. The tablets produced in this way are ignited with a laser beam (wavelength 1060 nm), with a radiant energy of about 200 mJ and a pulse length of 2.5 ms. The ignition behavior is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Examples 0 Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 %D
KNO3 52.5 52.5 33.3 32.3 33.3 40 40 B 18.8 18.8 2.9 2.9 10 10 Binder 3.7 3.7 NPE 25 45 44.7 44.5 44.1 66.7 64.8 66.7 64.8 25 50 PNP 25 100 66.7 50 25 Zn02 50 49.6 49.6 49 33.3 32.3 Ti 5 4.9 4.9 4.9 Graphite 0.5 1 2 Black powder 75 75 Ignition +++ + + + + + + ++ + + + +++ +++ + + +++ behavior + = ignition ++ = good ignition +++ = very good ignition Components employed:
KNO3 potassium nitrate < 200 m NPE polynitropolyphenyl ether B boron, amorphous PNP polynitropolyphenylene Ti titanium metal powder < 40 m Zn02 zinc peroxide, average particle size 6.5 m, oxygen ro content 13.5%
Binder polyurethane ~ 'p' Table 2 0 Sample Pressure T Heat of ex. Condensate Ignition L%
[atm] [K] [cal/g] content energy [%/mol] [Mi]
NPE 1109 2932 686 0 = 10 NPE/KNO3 66.7/33.3 907.4 3073.5 672 7.5 160 NPE/Zn02/Ti 45/50/5 1198 4146 978 14.6 = 200 -Black powder/NPE 75/25 490 2290 -179 11.6 = 200 i o AZM 0 9531/NPE 75/25 622 3265 815 52 = 200 NPE/KN03/B 50/40/10 843 3374 673 29 = 90 NPE/Zn02 66.7/33.3 1341 4044 1016 7 > 200 NPE/Zn02/B 64.8/32.3/2.9 1194 3731 981 14 > 200 NPE/KNO3/B 64.8/32.3/2.9 1002 3382 752 2 = 100 ro NC/KNO3 66.7/33.3 872 3282 883 11 no ignition Lead styphnate 663 3639 550 10 = 5 ro F-+
L%
Table 3 Explosive Friction Impact Explosion sensitivity sensitivity point [N] [J] [ C]
Lead styphnate 2 0.025 280 AZM 0 2956 > 360 5 > 400 AZM 0 9531 360 4 > 400 Black powder 360 5 > 400 HITP (based on 360 15-50 > 400 aminotetrazole) NPE >_ 360 7.5 > 260 NPE/Zn02/Ti 360 15 230 NPE/Zn02 240 20 235 NPE/KN03 = 3% B 160 4 decomposition from 230 PNP/KNO3 > 360 10 293 PNP/KN03/B >_ 360 10 293
Igniter mixtures or else igniter compositions are used to ignite pyrotechnic mixtures or compositions and propellant charges. The pyrotechnic mixtures or compositions may in this connection be the sole charge or else an ignition booster charge or a gas-generating composition. Propellant charges/gas compositions are converted mainly into gaseous constituents which can be employed to initiate processes which take place rapidly, such as, for example, the acceleration of projectiles, the driving in of fixing materials, for example with the aid of bolt-firing tools, or else the inflation of gas bags (airbags) or to trigger belt tighteners in motor vehicle safety. One variant is represented by the use of liquid/gas compositions in place of solid/gas compositions. They make use of the reaction of liquid fuel with oxidizing agents to generate gas.
Igniter mixtures are generally initiated mecha-nically and must therefore be sensitive to friction and impact. They generally consist of initiator or primary explosives such as, for example, lead styphnate or diazodinitrophenol, reducing agents such as metal powders, and oxidizing agents such as barium nitrate or zinc peroxide. Sensitizers such as tetrazene or abrasives such as glass powder, which increase the sensitivity of the initiator explosives are likewise employed. For electrically ignitable systems it is primarily the rapidly reacting initiator explosives which are employed. The high mechanical sensitivity of the constituents, which is necessary for satisfactory functioning, is, however, a disadvantage in the manipu-lation of the raw materials and mixtures. It requires special safety measures. Other types of ignition such as ignition by exposure to heat or by feeding in high-frequency electromagnetic waves do not solve this problem, or are suitable only for very specific, greatly restricted applications.
The object of the present invention was to provide novel igniter mixtures.
In a first embodiment of the invention, the object is achieved by igniter mixtures which can be ignited by laser light. The explosives which may be present in the novel igniter mixtures are primary or initiator explosives, secondary explosives or mixtures of these explosives. Examples of primary or initiator explosives which can be employed are lead styphnate, diazodinitrophenol, tetrazene or potassium dinitro-benzofuroxanate or mixtures of these explosives.
Suitable secondary explosives are selected from nitro-cellulose, hexanitrostilbene, nitrated aromatic com-pounds and/or nitrated aromatic compounds with a polymeric structure such as polynitropolyphenyl ethers or the' polynitropolyphenylenes,. from certain heterocycles such as nitrotriazolone, from the derivatives of the tetrazoles such as aminotetrazole, ditetrazole or diaminoguanidine-azotetrazole and from hexogen or octogen. Further secondary explosives which can be employed are those derived from urea and its derivatives. Examples;which may be mentioned here are the urea derivatives biuret, guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine, aminoguanidine nitrate, thiourea, triaminoguanidine riitrate, amino-guanidine hydrogen carbonate, azodicarbonamide, tetrazene, semicarbazide nitrate, and the urethanes, the ureides such as barbituric acid and its derivatives. Said explosives can be employed alone or as mixture. Preferred according to the invention are the secondary explosives, particularly preferably the.
nitrated aromatic compounds with a polymeric structure, especially the polynitropolyphenyl ethers and the polynitropolyphenylenes or mixtures of these secondary explosives.
In accordance with another aspect, the present invention relates to ignition mixture that is ignitable by laser light and that contains oxidizing and reducing agents and a secondary 3a explosive, wherein the secondary explosive is selected form the group consisting of polynitrophenylether, polynitropolyphenylenes, nitrocellulose, hexanitrostilbene, nitrotriazolone, aminotetrazoles, ditetrazoles, diaminoguanidine azotetrazoles, hexagene, octagene, biuret, guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine, aminoguanidine nitrate, thiourea, triaminoguanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate, azodicarboxylic acid diamide, tetrazene, semicarbazidenitrate, urethanes, barbituric acids and mixtures thereof.
In accordance with a further aspect, the present invention relates to an ignition mixture that is ignitable by laser light and that contains a secondary explosive, an oxidizer, a reducing agent and a binder, wherein the secondary explosive is selected from the group consisting of polynitrophenylether, polynitropolyphenylenes, nitrocellulose, hexanitrostilbene, nitrotriazolone, aminotetrazoles, ditetrazoles, diaminoguanidine azotetrazoles, hexagene, octagene, biuret, guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine, aminoguanidine nitrate, thiourea, triaminoguanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate, azodicarboxylic acid diamide, tetrazene, semicarbazidenitrate, urethanes, barbituric acids and mixtures thereof.
the oxidizer is selected from the group consisting of sulphur, the peroxides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, zinc peroxide, peroxodisulfates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, ammonium from the nitrates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxohalogen compounds of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, ammonium, and mixtures thereof, and the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of a metals selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, aluminium, magnesium, cerium, and a mixture of these metals, an alloy of these metals carbon, boron, and mixtures thereof.
In accordance with a still further aspect, the present invention relates to an ignition mixture that is ignitable by laser light and that contains a secondary explosive, an oxidizer, a reducing agent and a binder, wherein the secondary explosive is polynitrophenylether, 3b the oxidizer is potassium nitrate, the reducing agent is boron, and the binder is polyurethane.
Besides the explosives, the novel igniters also comprise oxidizing and reducing agents customary per se. Binders, processing and/or compression auxiliaries can likewise be employed where appropriate.
Oxidizing agents which can be employed are the peroxides of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, zinc peroxide, and the peroxodisulfates of said elements and of ammonium, nitrates of the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, especially lithium, sodium, potassium or strontium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate, oxohalogen compounds of the alkali metals or alkaline earth metals or of ammonium, particularly preferably potassium perchlorate or ammonium perchlorate. Sulfur is likewise suitable as oxidizing agent. Said oxidizing agents can be employed alone or as mixture.
Reducing agents employed according to the invention are metals such as, for example, titanium, zirconium, aluminum, magnesium, cerium in finely powdered form. Alloys of these metals such as titanium/
aluminum or cerium/magnesium can also be employed according to the invention. Further reducing agents are carbon or boron. Said reducing agents can be employed alone or as mixture.
Binders which can be employed are compounds from the group of polyesters or of polyurethanes.
Compounds with binding properties which make a contri-bution to the heat of the explosion and/or to the oxygen balance, for example nitrocellulose or poly-nitropolyphenylene, can likewise be employed as binders.
Processing and compression aids can be sub-stances which, for example, increase the flowability, such as Aerosil, or substances which prevent dust formation and improve the blocking resistance or meterability, such as graphite or boron nitride.
To improve absorption of the laser light, the novel igniter mixtures can where appropriate be colored or mixed with colored pigments. The thermal stability can, if necessary, be improved by adding stabilizers.
Suitable examples thereof are substances which are employed for stabilizing nitrocellulose.
It is further possible to add burning moderators to influence the burning rate of the novel igniter mixtures.
The burning moderators employed are substances or mixtures thereof which are suitable for influencing, by heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysis, the burning and its rate. Moderators which intervene in the reaction in the form of a heterogeneous catalysis are metals, metal oxides and/or metal carbonates and/or metal sulfides. Metals which can preferably be employed are boron, silicon, copper, iron, titanium, zinc or molybdenum. It is also possible to employ calcium carbonate. Mixtures of these moderators can likewise be used.
Moderators which intervene in the reaction in the form of a homogeneous catalysis are, for example, sulfur, copper resorcylates or ferrocene and its derivatives. These moderators are vaporized by the temperatures arising during the reaction and may thus intervene in the reaction themselves or as secondary products.
For protection from environmental effects, the novel igniter mixtures may, where appropriate, be treated or coated with protective agents.
The novel igniter mixtures have a wide variety of possible uses. They are preferably used for igniting pyrotechnic mixtures or compositions and propellant charges employed to initiate processes which take place rapidly, such as, for example, the acceleration of projectiles, the driving in of fixing materials, for example with the aid of bolt-firing tools, or else the inflation of gas bags (airbags) or for triggering belt tighteners in motor vehicle safety.
The characteristic safety data of some of the novel igniter mixtures are shown in Table 2. The data were determined by the methods of the Bundesanstalt fur Materialprufung [German Materials Testing Agency].
Compared with the primary explosive lead styphnate, in particular the sensitivity to friction and impact are distinctly improved with the novel igniters.
To estimate important characteristic quantities of the novel igniter mixtures, such as the energy released during the reaction (heat of explosion), the pressure, the explosion temperature and the reaction products arising at this temperature, a thermodynamic computer program was used to calculate an adiabatic reaction for the novel igniter mixtures at constant volume and a charge density of 0.1 g/cm3. Table 3 shows the most important data from the thermodynamic calcula-tion. The ignition energy necessary to initiate a reaction was determined experimentally.
The following examples are intended to illus-trate the invention without restricting it.
Examples 1 to 16:
The novel igniter mixtures are produced by processes known per se. The individual components are screened in the mixing ratios indicated in Table 1 through a screen with a mesh width of 0.2 mm and mixed in a tumbler mixer for 30 minutes. 200 mg portions of these mixtures are compressed under a force of 71 N/mm2 to tablets with a diameter of 6 mm. The tablets produced in this way are ignited with a laser beam (wavelength 1060 nm), with a radiant energy of about 200 mJ and a pulse length of 2.5 ms. The ignition behavior is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Examples 0 Component 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 %D
KNO3 52.5 52.5 33.3 32.3 33.3 40 40 B 18.8 18.8 2.9 2.9 10 10 Binder 3.7 3.7 NPE 25 45 44.7 44.5 44.1 66.7 64.8 66.7 64.8 25 50 PNP 25 100 66.7 50 25 Zn02 50 49.6 49.6 49 33.3 32.3 Ti 5 4.9 4.9 4.9 Graphite 0.5 1 2 Black powder 75 75 Ignition +++ + + + + + + ++ + + + +++ +++ + + +++ behavior + = ignition ++ = good ignition +++ = very good ignition Components employed:
KNO3 potassium nitrate < 200 m NPE polynitropolyphenyl ether B boron, amorphous PNP polynitropolyphenylene Ti titanium metal powder < 40 m Zn02 zinc peroxide, average particle size 6.5 m, oxygen ro content 13.5%
Binder polyurethane ~ 'p' Table 2 0 Sample Pressure T Heat of ex. Condensate Ignition L%
[atm] [K] [cal/g] content energy [%/mol] [Mi]
NPE 1109 2932 686 0 = 10 NPE/KNO3 66.7/33.3 907.4 3073.5 672 7.5 160 NPE/Zn02/Ti 45/50/5 1198 4146 978 14.6 = 200 -Black powder/NPE 75/25 490 2290 -179 11.6 = 200 i o AZM 0 9531/NPE 75/25 622 3265 815 52 = 200 NPE/KN03/B 50/40/10 843 3374 673 29 = 90 NPE/Zn02 66.7/33.3 1341 4044 1016 7 > 200 NPE/Zn02/B 64.8/32.3/2.9 1194 3731 981 14 > 200 NPE/KNO3/B 64.8/32.3/2.9 1002 3382 752 2 = 100 ro NC/KNO3 66.7/33.3 872 3282 883 11 no ignition Lead styphnate 663 3639 550 10 = 5 ro F-+
L%
Table 3 Explosive Friction Impact Explosion sensitivity sensitivity point [N] [J] [ C]
Lead styphnate 2 0.025 280 AZM 0 2956 > 360 5 > 400 AZM 0 9531 360 4 > 400 Black powder 360 5 > 400 HITP (based on 360 15-50 > 400 aminotetrazole) NPE >_ 360 7.5 > 260 NPE/Zn02/Ti 360 15 230 NPE/Zn02 240 20 235 NPE/KN03 = 3% B 160 4 decomposition from 230 PNP/KNO3 > 360 10 293 PNP/KN03/B >_ 360 10 293
Claims (10)
1. Ignition mixture that is ignitable by laser light and that contains oxidizing and reducing agents, and a secondary explosive, wherein the secondary explosive is selected from the group consisting of polynitrophenylether, polynitropolyphenylenes, nitrocellulose, hexanitrostilbene, nitrotriazolone, aminotetrazoles, ditetrazoles, diaminoguanidine azotetrazoles, hexagene, octagene, biuret, guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine, aminoguanidine nitrate, thiourea, triaminoguanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate, azodicarboxylic acid diamide, tetrazene, semicarbazidenitrate, urethanes, barbituric acids and mixtures thereof.
2. Ignition mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary explosive is selected from the group consisting of polynitropolyphenylethers and polynitropolyphenylenes.
3. Ignition mixture according to claim 2, characterized in that the ignition mixture further contains an oxidizer, wherein the oxidizer is selected from the group consisting of sulphur, the peroxides of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, zinc peroxide, peroxodisulfates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, ammonium from the nitrates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxohalogen compounds.
4. Ignition mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixture further contains a reducing agent, wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of a metal selected. from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, aluminium, magnesium, cerium, and a mixture of these metals, an alloy of these metals carbon, boron, and mixtures thereof.
5. Ignition mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition mixture further contains an element selected from the group consisting of binder, processing agents, pressing agents and combustion moderators.
6. Ignition mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition mixture is dyed or reacted with dye pigments.
7. Ignition mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition mixture further contains combustion moderators that are appropriate for affecting combustion and the rate thereof by heterogeneous or homogenous catalysis.
8. Method for manufacturing the ignition mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the individual components are mixed then pressed.
9. An ignition mixture that is ignitable by laser light and that contains a secondary explosive, an oxidizer, a reducing agent and a binder, wherein the secondary explosive is selected from the group consisting of polynitrophenylether, polynitropolyphenylenes, nitrocellulose, hexanitrostilbene, nitrotriazolone, aminotetrazoles, ditetrazoles, diaminoguanidine azotetrazoles, hexagene, octagene, biuret, guanidine, nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine, aminoguanidine nitrate, thiourea, triaminoguanidine nitrate, aminoguanidine hydrogen carbonate, azodicarboxylic acid diamide, tetrazene, semicarbazidenitrate, urethanes, barbituric acids and mixtures thereof, the oxidizer is selected from the group consisting of sulphur, the peroxides of alkali metals or alkaiine earth metals, zinc peroxide, peroxodisulfates of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, ammonium from the nitrates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, oxohalogen compounds of alkali metals or alkaline earth metals, ammonium, and mixtures thereof, and the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, aluminium, magnesium, cerium, and a mixture of these metals, an alloy of these metals carbon, boron, and mixtures thereof.
10. An ignition mixture that is ignitable by laser light and that contains a secondary explosive, an oxidizer, a reducing agent and a binder, wherein the secondary explosive is polynitrophenylether, the oxidizer is potassium nitrate, the reducing agent is boron, and the binder is polyurethane.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19616627A DE19616627A1 (en) | 1996-04-26 | 1996-04-26 | Kindling mixtures |
| DE19616627.6 | 1996-04-26 | ||
| PCT/EP1997/002104 WO1997041403A1 (en) | 1996-04-26 | 1997-04-24 | Firing mixtures |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2253196A1 CA2253196A1 (en) | 1997-11-06 |
| CA2253196C true CA2253196C (en) | 2007-06-26 |
Family
ID=38279104
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002253196A Expired - Lifetime CA2253196C (en) | 1996-04-26 | 1997-04-24 | Firing mixtures |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2253196C (en) |
-
1997
- 1997-04-24 CA CA002253196A patent/CA2253196C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2253196A1 (en) | 1997-11-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20170424 |