CA2250993A1 - Intravascular blood pump - Google Patents

Intravascular blood pump Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CA2250993A1
CA2250993A1 CA002250993A CA2250993A CA2250993A1 CA 2250993 A1 CA2250993 A1 CA 2250993A1 CA 002250993 A CA002250993 A CA 002250993A CA 2250993 A CA2250993 A CA 2250993A CA 2250993 A1 CA2250993 A1 CA 2250993A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
pump
blood pump
intravascular blood
unit
blood
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002250993A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gunter Rau
Helmut Reul
Thorsten Siess
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Abiomed Europe GmbH
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of CA2250993A1 publication Critical patent/CA2250993A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/802Constructional details other than related to driving of non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/833Occluders for preventing backflow
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/135Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel inside a blood vessel, e.g. using grafting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20Type thereof
    • A61M60/205Non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/216Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller
    • A61M60/237Non-positive displacement blood pumps including a rotating member acting on the blood, e.g. impeller the blood flow through the rotating member having mainly axial components, e.g. axial flow pumps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/403Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/408Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable
    • A61M60/411Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable generated by an electromotor
    • A61M60/416Details relating to driving for non-positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being mechanical, e.g. transmitted by a shaft or cable generated by an electromotor transmitted directly by the motor rotor drive shaft
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/855Constructional details other than related to driving of implantable pumps or pumping devices
    • A61M60/857Implantable blood tubes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/855Constructional details other than related to driving of implantable pumps or pumping devices
    • A61M60/861Connections or anchorings for connecting or anchoring pumps or pumping devices to parts of the patient's body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M25/00Catheters; Hollow probes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/126Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel
    • A61M60/148Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable via, into, inside, in line, branching on, or around a blood vessel in line with a blood vessel using resection or like techniques, e.g. permanent endovascular heart assist devices

Abstract

The intravascular blood pump proposed has a drive unit (11) and, rigidly connected to it, a pump unit (12), the blood pump being connected to a catheter (13) enabling it to be inserted into a blood vessel (10). The tubular housing (15) of the pump unit (12) is fitted with a blocking device (20) which separates the suction side (21) from the delivery side and thus prevents the pump being bypassed.

Description

CA 022~0993 1998-10-02 Sg/Dt Intravascular blood Pump The invention relates to an intravascular blood pump comprising a drive unit including a motor, and a pump unit tightly connected to the drive unit, with the pump unit comprising a tubular housing and an impeller arranged for rotation therein. A pump of the above type is known from the publication "The International Journal of Artificial Organs", Vol.
18, No. 5 (1995), pages 273 to 285. The pump is in-troduced through puncture of a blood vessel into the vascular system of the body and is advanced to the heart or to a different site where blood is to be pumped.

U.S.-4,969,865, EP 0 157 871 B1 and EP 0 397 668 B1 describe further known intravascular blood pumps wherein, however, only the pump unit is advanced in the blood stream while the drive unit is arranged extracorporeally and is connected to the pump unit via a flexible shaft.

CA 022~0993 1998-10-02 In a blood pump known from EP O 157 859 B1, the drive unit and the pump unit are combined integrally with each other. This pump is suited for implanta-tion but is not useful as an intravascular blood pump to be introduced into the body by a minimum-invasion surgical intervention.

Intravascular blood pump must have an outer diameter small enough to avoid clogging of a blood vessel.
The largest allowable outer diameter is in the range of about 7 mm. If the drive unit is arranged close to the pump unit, the performance of the drive unit is limited due to the restrictions imposed by the constructional design. Thus, it is imperative to make full use of the pump performance and to mini-mize losses of performance and flow.

According to DE 37 05 637 A1, it is possible to block flow paths along a catheter by use of annular balloons.

It is an object of the invention to provide an in-travascular blood pump adapted to be used with high efficiency within a blood vessel, particularly also externally of the aorta.

The above object is solved by the subject matter of claim 1.

In the instant intravascular blood pump, the drive unit is combined with the pump unit to form an inte-gral constructional unit. This means that both units are inserted together into the blood vessel. At a , CA 022~0993 1998-10-02 site upstream of the respective organ, the blood pump is inserted into a supply vessel for this organ such that the pump unit with its central suction orifice is located before the drive unit when viewed in the flow direction. The pump unit is provided with a blocking device for preventing a short cir-cuit of the flow along the external side of the pump housing. Thereby, it is prevented that fluid/ blood from the discharge side of the pump can pass by the pump housing and thus reach the intake side. All of the sucked blood is directed to flow past the drive unit in the flow direction. Thus, applicability of the claimed pump is not restricted to insertion into the aorta where the aortic valve can act as a block-ing device.

The danger that the pump becomes adhered to the ves-sel by the suction force is minimized because of the central position of the suction orifice in the ves-sel. Since the complete blood flow streams past the drive unit, it is safeguarded that the pressure built up by the pump will keep the elastic vessel open even if the diameter of the vessel nearly cor-responds to that of the pump unit or the drive unit.
Further, the flow-off stream between the motor and the vessel reliably provides for dissipation of the heat generated in the drive unit, precluding the occurrence of hemotoxic damage due to excessive sur-face temperatures (above 41~C). Advantageously, a centering device is arranged to project from the periphery of the drive unit. The centering device is provided, on the one hand, for keeping the flow-off passage open and, on the other hand, for centering CA 022~0993 1998-10-02 the drive unit in the blood vessel. Further, the centering device together with the blocking device prevents rotation and axial dislocation of the whole pump in the blood vessel.

Embodiments of the invention will be explained in greater detail hereunder with reference to the draw-ings.

Fig. 1 is a systematic view of the intravascular blood pump arranged within a blood vessel, and Fig. 2 is a view of a second embodiment of the blood pump arranged within a blood vessel.

In Fig. 1, the blood pump is shown as positioned within a blood vessel 10, e.g., in an artery. The blood pump comprises a motor unit 11 and a pump unit 12 tightly attached to each other while arranged at a mutual distance. Drive unit 11 accommodates a drive motor. The rear end of drive unit 11 is con-nected to a catheter 13 having the power supply and control lines for the motor 14 passing therethrough.

Pump unit 12 is provided with a tubular pump housing 15 arranged coaxially with the rotor and having a suction opening 16 formed on one end. An impeller 17, arranged for rotation within pump housing 15, comprises a hub 18 flared in the flow direction and blades extending radially from hub 18. Hub 18 is seated either on the output shaft of motor 14 or is -CA 022~0993 1998-10-02 supported for free rotation and coupled to the out-put shaft of the motor through a magnetic coupling.

Motor 14 and pump housing 15 are substantially of the same diameter. This diameter is in the range of 5 to 8 mm so that the blood pump will not obstruct the blood vessel. The blood stream leaving pump housing 15 will then flow along on the outer surface of motor 14.

An expandable blocking device 20, comprising a flex-ible sealing screen shaped substantially as a trun-cated cone, is attached externally around pump hous-ing 15. The smaller end of the sealing screen is attached to the pump housing while the larger end is adapted to fold outwards and thus abut the wall of blood vessel 10, or to collapse and thus externally abut the pump housing 15. The flexible sealing scre-en forming the blocking device 20 acts in the manner of a check valve. When the pressure in the region 21 upstream of suction opening 16 is lower than the pressure at the pump discharge opening, the sealing screen will expand and block the annular space be-tween the pump housing and the vascular wall. In this manner, it is precluded that blood flows back from the outlet side 22 of the pump to the intake side 21. The complete blood stream will thus be forced to flow along motor 14.

For stabilizing the central position of the drive unit 11 within blood vessel 10, drive unit 11 is provided with a centering device 23 extending from the periphery of drive unit 11 and provided in the ~ _, CA 022~0993 1998-10-02 manner of projecting spring-like ribs tapering to-wards the outside.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 2, pump housing 15 is connected to a suction hose 25 projecting in the forward direction, centrally reaching into the blood vessel and having its end provided with open-ings for blood intake. Suction hose 25 is sealingly attached to the cylindrical pump housing 15 and ex-tends the same in the forwards direction.

The blocking device 2Oa according to Fig. 2 compris-es an annular balloon attached to pump housing 15 or suction hose 25. This balloon is connected to a lu-men of catheter 13 and thus can be inflated extra-corporeally by gas or liquid. The balloon prevents a backflow of blood and provides for the centering of pump unit 12 and suction hose 25 in the blood ves-sel.

Claims (7)

Claims
1. An intravascular blood pump comprising a drive unit (11) including a motor (14), and a pump unit (12) tightly connected to the drive unit (11), with the pump unit (12) comprising a tubular pump housing (15) and an impeller (34) arranged for rotation in the pump housing (15), the blood pump further comprising an expandable blocking device (20;20a) for blocking the flow path externally of the pump housing (15).
2. The intravascular blood pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive unit (11) comprises a centering device (23) projecting from the periphery of the motor (14).
3. The intravascular blood pump according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the blocking device (20;20a) is mounted to the pump housing (15).
4. The intravascular blood pump according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pump housing (15) has a suction hose (25) inserted thereinto and that the blocking device (20a) is arranged to surround the pump housing (15) and/or the suction hose (25).
5. The intravascular blood pump according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the blocking device (20a) comprises an annular balloon.
6. The intravascular blood pump according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the blocking device (20) comprises a sealing screen acting as a check valve.
7. The intravascular blood pump according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the blocking device (20;20a) performs a fixing function for the pump unit (12) in the radial and axial directions and in the peripheral direction.
CA002250993A 1996-04-04 1997-04-02 Intravascular blood pump Abandoned CA2250993A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19613565A DE19613565C1 (en) 1996-04-04 1996-04-04 Intravasal blood pump with drive motor
DE19613565.6 1996-04-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2250993A1 true CA2250993A1 (en) 1997-10-16

Family

ID=7790514

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002250993A Abandoned CA2250993A1 (en) 1996-04-04 1997-04-02 Intravascular blood pump

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0929327A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001515375A (en)
CA (1) CA2250993A1 (en)
DE (1) DE19613565C1 (en)
WO (1) WO1997037697A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9162017B2 (en) 2011-08-29 2015-10-20 Minnetronix, Inc. Expandable vascular pump

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DE19821307C1 (en) * 1998-05-13 1999-10-21 Impella Cardiotech Gmbh Intra-cardiac blood pump
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US7393181B2 (en) 2004-09-17 2008-07-01 The Penn State Research Foundation Expandable impeller pump
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US9872947B2 (en) 2012-05-14 2018-01-23 Tc1 Llc Sheath system for catheter pump
US9446179B2 (en) 2012-05-14 2016-09-20 Thoratec Corporation Distal bearing support
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US11033728B2 (en) 2013-03-13 2021-06-15 Tc1 Llc Fluid handling system
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WO2015160942A1 (en) 2014-04-15 2015-10-22 Thoratec Corporation Catheter pump with off-set motor position
WO2015160943A1 (en) 2014-04-15 2015-10-22 Thoratec Corporation Sensors for catheter pumps
JP6652933B2 (en) * 2014-05-19 2020-02-26 マジェンタ・メディカル・リミテッド Blood pump
US9675738B2 (en) 2015-01-22 2017-06-13 Tc1 Llc Attachment mechanisms for motor of catheter pump
EP3804797A1 (en) 2015-01-22 2021-04-14 Tc1 Llc Motor assembly with heat exchanger for catheter pump
WO2016118777A1 (en) 2015-01-22 2016-07-28 Thoratec Corporation Reduced rotational mass motor assembly for catheter pump
US9907890B2 (en) 2015-04-16 2018-03-06 Tc1 Llc Catheter pump with positioning brace
EP3424545B1 (en) * 2015-06-23 2024-04-03 Abiomed Europe GmbH Blood pump
EP3765111A1 (en) 2018-03-14 2021-01-20 The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Blood pump with magnetically loaded partial arc journal bearings
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9162017B2 (en) 2011-08-29 2015-10-20 Minnetronix, Inc. Expandable vascular pump

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0929327A1 (en) 1999-07-21
DE19613565C1 (en) 1997-07-24
WO1997037697A1 (en) 1997-10-16
JP2001515375A (en) 2001-09-18

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EEER Examination request
FZDE Discontinued