CA2241960C - Cut resistant yarn and fabric - Google Patents
Cut resistant yarn and fabric Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2241960C CA2241960C CA002241960A CA2241960A CA2241960C CA 2241960 C CA2241960 C CA 2241960C CA 002241960 A CA002241960 A CA 002241960A CA 2241960 A CA2241960 A CA 2241960A CA 2241960 C CA2241960 C CA 2241960C
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- yarn
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- dtex
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
- D02G3/442—Cut or abrasion resistant yarns or threads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
- D02G3/04—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials
- D02G3/047—Blended or other yarns or threads containing components made from different materials including aramid fibres
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Gloves (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
A fabric made using a para-aramid yarn is disclosed having increased cut resistance and maintained comfort wherein the yarn has low twist and the staple fibers in the yarn have high linear density.</SDOAB >
Description
TTY
CUT RESISTANT YARN AND FABRIC
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fabrics used in cut resistant garments can be generally rather stiff and bulky due the perceived need for strong yarns with a high modulus. It has been especially true that cut resistant garments, such as gloves, aprons, and protective sleeves, have been made from stiff yarns which yield stiff and uncomfortable fabrics with a arsh hand; and that modification of the yarns to yield yabrics with increased cut resistance hale yielded fabrics which were even stiffer and more uncomfortable. This invention relates to cut resistant woven and knitted fabrics which exhibir_ improved cut resistance while maintaining an equivalent or softer hand.
F T
This invention relates to apparel of improved cut resistance made from yarn having a linear density of 150 to 5900 dtex (133 to 5315 denier) and a twist factor of less than 26, wherein the yarn includes para-aramid staple fibers having a linear density of 3 to 6 dtex (2.7 to 5.~ denier) and a length of 2.5 to 15.2 centimeters (1 to 6 inches).
The invention also relates to the yarn and to a cut resistant fabric having a weight of 135 to 1017 grams per square meter (4 to 30 ounces/square yard) and made from the yarn.
There has long been a tension in the field of protective garments, between comfort and effectiveness;
and considerable effort has been expended to increase the effectiveness while maintaining the comfort. The present inventic:: represents just such <<n improvement in the field of c:~t resistant apparel and fabrics. By use of this invention, it is now possible to increase the cut resistant effectiveness and maintain the comfort, of fabrics and protective garments, such as cut resistant gloves.
It has been discovered that protective garments made from spun yarns of para-aramid fibers are softer if made from yarns which have a low degree of twist.
Moreover, it has been discovered that the cut resistance of the fabric of such garments is independent of the degree of twist imparted to the yarns in the fabric and that the cut resistance of the i0 fabric is improved by increasing the linear density of the individual fibers used in the yarns.
By para-aramid fibers is meant fibers made from para-aramid polymers; and polyp-phenyLene terephthalamide)(PPD-T) is the preferred para-aramid polymer. By PPD-T is meant the homopoLymer resulting from mole-for-mole polymerization of p-phenylene diamine and terephthaloyl chloride and, also, copolymers resulting from incorporation of small amounts of other diamines with the p-phenylene diamine and of small amounts of other diacid chlorides with the terephthaloyl chloride. As a general rule, other diamines and other diacid chlorides carp be used in amounts up to as much as about l0 mole percent of the p-phenylene diamine or the terephthaloyl chloride, or perhaps slightly higher, provided only that the other diamines and diacid chlorides have no reactive groups which interfere with the polymerization reaction. PPD-T, also, means copolymers resulting from incorporation of other aromatic diamines and other aromatic diacid chlorides such as, for example, 2,6-naphthaloyl chloride or chloro- or dichloroterephthaloyl chloride;
provided, only that the other aromatic diamines and aromatic diacid chlorides be present in amounts which do not adversely affect the properties of the para-aramid.
Additives can be used with the Foara-aramid in the fibers and it has been found that up to as much as 10 percent, by weight., of other polymeric material can be blended with the aramid or that coaolymers can be used having as much as 10 percent of other diamine substituted for the diamine of the aramid or as much as percent of other diacid chloride substituted for the 5 diacid chloride of the aramid.
Staple fibers for use in spindling yarns are generally of a particular length and c>f a particular linear density. For use in this invention, the fibers can have any length which is adequate for manufacture 10 of spun yarns. Staple lengths of 2.5 to 15.2 centimeters (1 to 6 inches) can be used and lengths of 3.8 to 11.4 centimeters (1.5 to 4.5 inches) are preferred. Yarns made from fibers having staple lengths of less than 2.5 centimeters have been found to i5 require excessively high levels of twist to maintain strength for processing; and yarns made from fibers having staple lengths of more than 15.2 centimeters are more difficult to make due to the tendency for long staple fibers to become entangled and broken resulting in short fibers. The staple fibers of this invention are generally made by cutting continuous filaments to certain predetermined lengths; but staple can be made by other means, such as by stretch-breaking; and yarns can be made from such fibers as well as from a variety or distribution of different staple fiber lengths.
Spun yarns are held together by means of a twist incorporated into the yarn while spinning.
Crimped staple fibers are spun on a spinning machine to yield a yarn with a certain twist. The twist helps to entangle the fibers together to form the yarn. In the past, it has been the usual practice to use yarns with a high degree of twist for cut resistant fabrics in protective garments. It was generally believed that the high twist was necessary for providing a yarn of high strength; and that the high strength was necessary for good cut resistance. That high degree of twist causes the fibers to be rather tightly bundled in the yarn corm and creates a rather hard yarn.
CUT RESISTANT YARN AND FABRIC
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fabrics used in cut resistant garments can be generally rather stiff and bulky due the perceived need for strong yarns with a high modulus. It has been especially true that cut resistant garments, such as gloves, aprons, and protective sleeves, have been made from stiff yarns which yield stiff and uncomfortable fabrics with a arsh hand; and that modification of the yarns to yield yabrics with increased cut resistance hale yielded fabrics which were even stiffer and more uncomfortable. This invention relates to cut resistant woven and knitted fabrics which exhibir_ improved cut resistance while maintaining an equivalent or softer hand.
F T
This invention relates to apparel of improved cut resistance made from yarn having a linear density of 150 to 5900 dtex (133 to 5315 denier) and a twist factor of less than 26, wherein the yarn includes para-aramid staple fibers having a linear density of 3 to 6 dtex (2.7 to 5.~ denier) and a length of 2.5 to 15.2 centimeters (1 to 6 inches).
The invention also relates to the yarn and to a cut resistant fabric having a weight of 135 to 1017 grams per square meter (4 to 30 ounces/square yard) and made from the yarn.
There has long been a tension in the field of protective garments, between comfort and effectiveness;
and considerable effort has been expended to increase the effectiveness while maintaining the comfort. The present inventic:: represents just such <<n improvement in the field of c:~t resistant apparel and fabrics. By use of this invention, it is now possible to increase the cut resistant effectiveness and maintain the comfort, of fabrics and protective garments, such as cut resistant gloves.
It has been discovered that protective garments made from spun yarns of para-aramid fibers are softer if made from yarns which have a low degree of twist.
Moreover, it has been discovered that the cut resistance of the fabric of such garments is independent of the degree of twist imparted to the yarns in the fabric and that the cut resistance of the i0 fabric is improved by increasing the linear density of the individual fibers used in the yarns.
By para-aramid fibers is meant fibers made from para-aramid polymers; and polyp-phenyLene terephthalamide)(PPD-T) is the preferred para-aramid polymer. By PPD-T is meant the homopoLymer resulting from mole-for-mole polymerization of p-phenylene diamine and terephthaloyl chloride and, also, copolymers resulting from incorporation of small amounts of other diamines with the p-phenylene diamine and of small amounts of other diacid chlorides with the terephthaloyl chloride. As a general rule, other diamines and other diacid chlorides carp be used in amounts up to as much as about l0 mole percent of the p-phenylene diamine or the terephthaloyl chloride, or perhaps slightly higher, provided only that the other diamines and diacid chlorides have no reactive groups which interfere with the polymerization reaction. PPD-T, also, means copolymers resulting from incorporation of other aromatic diamines and other aromatic diacid chlorides such as, for example, 2,6-naphthaloyl chloride or chloro- or dichloroterephthaloyl chloride;
provided, only that the other aromatic diamines and aromatic diacid chlorides be present in amounts which do not adversely affect the properties of the para-aramid.
Additives can be used with the Foara-aramid in the fibers and it has been found that up to as much as 10 percent, by weight., of other polymeric material can be blended with the aramid or that coaolymers can be used having as much as 10 percent of other diamine substituted for the diamine of the aramid or as much as percent of other diacid chloride substituted for the 5 diacid chloride of the aramid.
Staple fibers for use in spindling yarns are generally of a particular length and c>f a particular linear density. For use in this invention, the fibers can have any length which is adequate for manufacture 10 of spun yarns. Staple lengths of 2.5 to 15.2 centimeters (1 to 6 inches) can be used and lengths of 3.8 to 11.4 centimeters (1.5 to 4.5 inches) are preferred. Yarns made from fibers having staple lengths of less than 2.5 centimeters have been found to i5 require excessively high levels of twist to maintain strength for processing; and yarns made from fibers having staple lengths of more than 15.2 centimeters are more difficult to make due to the tendency for long staple fibers to become entangled and broken resulting in short fibers. The staple fibers of this invention are generally made by cutting continuous filaments to certain predetermined lengths; but staple can be made by other means, such as by stretch-breaking; and yarns can be made from such fibers as well as from a variety or distribution of different staple fiber lengths.
Spun yarns are held together by means of a twist incorporated into the yarn while spinning.
Crimped staple fibers are spun on a spinning machine to yield a yarn with a certain twist. The twist helps to entangle the fibers together to form the yarn. In the past, it has been the usual practice to use yarns with a high degree of twist for cut resistant fabrics in protective garments. It was generally believed that the high twist was necessary for providing a yarn of high strength; and that the high strength was necessary for good cut resistance. That high degree of twist causes the fibers to be rather tightly bundled in the yarn corm and creates a rather hard yarn.
It has now been discovered that 'yarns of high twist are not necessary for effective protection; and, in fact, it has been learned that cut resistance is substantially independent of the degree of twist in yarns used for the manufacture of protective fabrics.
The degree of twist is, however, very important as a factor in the softness or comfort of such fabrics. It has been discovered that fabrics made using yarns of low twist are much softer with a finer "hand" than fabrics made using highly twisted yarn... Moreover, it is believed that decreased twist results in increased fabric softness, without regard to the kind of yarn or the material from which it is made.
Twist in yarns is usually represented by a factor called "Twist Factor", which may, also, be called twist multiplier. A higher twist factor indicates a higher degree of twist. Cut resistant fabrics in protective garments have, up to now, been made with yarns having a preferred twist factor of greater than about 28 (tex)1/2(turns/cm) and using staple fibers with a linear density less than or equal to 2.5 dtex. The twist factor (TF) of a yarn is a number denoting the twist of fibers in a yarn, taking into account the linear density of the yarn, and can be defined using any of several dimensiona_~ systems:
Tex System -TF = (turns/centimeter) (tex) 1~~2 Cotton System -TF = (turns/inch)/(cotton count of yarn)1/2 Metric Count System -TF = (turns/meter)/(metric count of yarn)1/2 "Cotton Count" of a yarn is the number of skeins of the yarn 768 meters (840 yards) long to have a weight of 454 grams (one pound).
"Metric Count" of a yarn is the number of kilometers of the yarn to nave a weight of one kilogram.
For the purposes herein, the z'ex System Twist Factor using SI units of texl/2 turns/cm will be used.
In fabrics of this invention, it has been found that yarns with a twist factor of less than about 26 yield a soft fabric which can be fashioned into comfortable, yet cut resistant, gloves. While it is l0 necessary to have some degree of twist in the yarns in order for the yarns to stay together, rests indicate that cut resistance is not affected by changes in yarn twist. That is, the additional strength provided to the yarn by the use of increased twist does not translate to improved cut resistance. It has been concluded that, as a practical matter, the yarns of this invention should have a twist factor of at least about 10. For a single spun yarn of 1C Cotton Count (equal to 590 dtex) a twist factor of about 10 translates to a twist of about 1.3 turns per centimeter. It is preferred that yarns of this invention have a twist factor of 15 to 22.
Yarns are made of staple fibers. It has been found that the yarns which are used in practice of this invention should have a yarn linear density of 150 to 5900 dtex, and preferably 550 to 4700 dtex. The yarns may be made up of single strands or plied using several strands and may be twisted together or not.
As to the linear denaity of individual staple fibers, it has been discovered that increased linear density in the staple results in increased cut resistance for the yarr_. In the past, cut resistant protective garments have utilized yarns having individual staple fibers of about 2.5 dtex or less.
While those yarns have been adequate for many uses, it is now known that the cut resistance of a fabric can be improved by increasing the linear density of the staple fibers used in the yarns thereof. Moreover, it is known that the comfort of such a fabric can be maintained by decreasing the twist in the yarns thereof. Thus, by use of this invention, a fabric can be made having improved cut resistance and comfort S equivalent with that of known products. For example, fabrics of improved cut resistance can be made using yarn with a twist factor of less than 26 which includes para-aramid staple fibers having a linear density of 3 to 6 dtex. Such fabrics will deliver improved cut l0 resistance from the increased fiber linear density and maintained comfort from the decreased yarn twist.
From the. comfort point of view, it has been found that low twist yarns of this invention should be made using staple fibers having a linear density of 3 'S to 6 dtex; and, preferably from 4 to 5 dtex. Fibers of less than about 3 dtex may not yield the improved cut resistance of this invention. Fibers of more than about 6 dtex exhibit very good cut resistance; but are not aesthetically acceptable and may not yield fabrics 20 with adequate comfort.
The yarns of this invention can be made by any appropriate spinning process among which can be mentioned, cotton/worsted/woolen ring and open end spinning.
25 The spun yarn of this invention, having low twist and high linear density can be made into highly cut resistant fabrics which have been knittEd or woven or even laid in unidirectional conformations. Also, the spun yarn can be made directly into gloves and ~0 other apparel by knitting machines. The cut resistance is a function of the linear density of filaments in the yarn and not of the manner that the yarn is presented in a fabric.
Cut Resistance. The method used was the "Standard Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Fabrics Used in Protective Clothing", proposed as an ASTM Standard (ASTM Subcommittee F23.a:0). Tn performance of the test, a cutting edge, under specified force, is drawn one time across a sample mounted on a mandrel. At several different forces, the distance drawn from initial contact tc cut through is recorded and a graph is constructed of force as a function of distance to cut through. From the graph, the force is determined for cut through at a distance of 25 millimeters and is normalized to validate the to consistency of the blade supply. The normalized force is reported as the cut resistance force.
The cutting edge is a stainless steel knife blade having a sharp edge 70 millimeters long. The blade supply is calibrated by using a Load of 400 g on ~5 a neoprene calibration material at the beginning and end of the test. A new cutting edge i:~ used for each cut test .
The sample is a rectangular piece of fabric cut 50 x i00 millimeters on the bias at 45 degrees from the 20 warp and fill directions.
The mandrel is a rounded electroconductive bar with a radius of 38 millimeters and the sample is mounted thereto using double-face tape. The cutting edge is drawn across the fabric on the mandrel at a 25 rlgl2t angle with the longitudinal axis of the mandrel.
Cut through is recorded when the cutting edge makes electrical contact with the mandrel.
EXAMPLES
30 Knitting g oves and fabrics to bA test d.
Para-aramid filament yarns of four different linear densities were crimped and cut to make :Maple for spinr_ing test yarns for these examples. The filament yarns were polyp-phenylene terephthalamide) yarns sold 35 by E. T. du Pont de Nemours and Company under the tradename Kevlar~ 29, and were made from filaments havi:.g linear densities of 1.67, 2.50, 4.67, and 6.67 dtex. The staple length was 11.4 centimeters.
The degree of twist is, however, very important as a factor in the softness or comfort of such fabrics. It has been discovered that fabrics made using yarns of low twist are much softer with a finer "hand" than fabrics made using highly twisted yarn... Moreover, it is believed that decreased twist results in increased fabric softness, without regard to the kind of yarn or the material from which it is made.
Twist in yarns is usually represented by a factor called "Twist Factor", which may, also, be called twist multiplier. A higher twist factor indicates a higher degree of twist. Cut resistant fabrics in protective garments have, up to now, been made with yarns having a preferred twist factor of greater than about 28 (tex)1/2(turns/cm) and using staple fibers with a linear density less than or equal to 2.5 dtex. The twist factor (TF) of a yarn is a number denoting the twist of fibers in a yarn, taking into account the linear density of the yarn, and can be defined using any of several dimensiona_~ systems:
Tex System -TF = (turns/centimeter) (tex) 1~~2 Cotton System -TF = (turns/inch)/(cotton count of yarn)1/2 Metric Count System -TF = (turns/meter)/(metric count of yarn)1/2 "Cotton Count" of a yarn is the number of skeins of the yarn 768 meters (840 yards) long to have a weight of 454 grams (one pound).
"Metric Count" of a yarn is the number of kilometers of the yarn to nave a weight of one kilogram.
For the purposes herein, the z'ex System Twist Factor using SI units of texl/2 turns/cm will be used.
In fabrics of this invention, it has been found that yarns with a twist factor of less than about 26 yield a soft fabric which can be fashioned into comfortable, yet cut resistant, gloves. While it is l0 necessary to have some degree of twist in the yarns in order for the yarns to stay together, rests indicate that cut resistance is not affected by changes in yarn twist. That is, the additional strength provided to the yarn by the use of increased twist does not translate to improved cut resistance. It has been concluded that, as a practical matter, the yarns of this invention should have a twist factor of at least about 10. For a single spun yarn of 1C Cotton Count (equal to 590 dtex) a twist factor of about 10 translates to a twist of about 1.3 turns per centimeter. It is preferred that yarns of this invention have a twist factor of 15 to 22.
Yarns are made of staple fibers. It has been found that the yarns which are used in practice of this invention should have a yarn linear density of 150 to 5900 dtex, and preferably 550 to 4700 dtex. The yarns may be made up of single strands or plied using several strands and may be twisted together or not.
As to the linear denaity of individual staple fibers, it has been discovered that increased linear density in the staple results in increased cut resistance for the yarr_. In the past, cut resistant protective garments have utilized yarns having individual staple fibers of about 2.5 dtex or less.
While those yarns have been adequate for many uses, it is now known that the cut resistance of a fabric can be improved by increasing the linear density of the staple fibers used in the yarns thereof. Moreover, it is known that the comfort of such a fabric can be maintained by decreasing the twist in the yarns thereof. Thus, by use of this invention, a fabric can be made having improved cut resistance and comfort S equivalent with that of known products. For example, fabrics of improved cut resistance can be made using yarn with a twist factor of less than 26 which includes para-aramid staple fibers having a linear density of 3 to 6 dtex. Such fabrics will deliver improved cut l0 resistance from the increased fiber linear density and maintained comfort from the decreased yarn twist.
From the. comfort point of view, it has been found that low twist yarns of this invention should be made using staple fibers having a linear density of 3 'S to 6 dtex; and, preferably from 4 to 5 dtex. Fibers of less than about 3 dtex may not yield the improved cut resistance of this invention. Fibers of more than about 6 dtex exhibit very good cut resistance; but are not aesthetically acceptable and may not yield fabrics 20 with adequate comfort.
The yarns of this invention can be made by any appropriate spinning process among which can be mentioned, cotton/worsted/woolen ring and open end spinning.
25 The spun yarn of this invention, having low twist and high linear density can be made into highly cut resistant fabrics which have been knittEd or woven or even laid in unidirectional conformations. Also, the spun yarn can be made directly into gloves and ~0 other apparel by knitting machines. The cut resistance is a function of the linear density of filaments in the yarn and not of the manner that the yarn is presented in a fabric.
Cut Resistance. The method used was the "Standard Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Fabrics Used in Protective Clothing", proposed as an ASTM Standard (ASTM Subcommittee F23.a:0). Tn performance of the test, a cutting edge, under specified force, is drawn one time across a sample mounted on a mandrel. At several different forces, the distance drawn from initial contact tc cut through is recorded and a graph is constructed of force as a function of distance to cut through. From the graph, the force is determined for cut through at a distance of 25 millimeters and is normalized to validate the to consistency of the blade supply. The normalized force is reported as the cut resistance force.
The cutting edge is a stainless steel knife blade having a sharp edge 70 millimeters long. The blade supply is calibrated by using a Load of 400 g on ~5 a neoprene calibration material at the beginning and end of the test. A new cutting edge i:~ used for each cut test .
The sample is a rectangular piece of fabric cut 50 x i00 millimeters on the bias at 45 degrees from the 20 warp and fill directions.
The mandrel is a rounded electroconductive bar with a radius of 38 millimeters and the sample is mounted thereto using double-face tape. The cutting edge is drawn across the fabric on the mandrel at a 25 rlgl2t angle with the longitudinal axis of the mandrel.
Cut through is recorded when the cutting edge makes electrical contact with the mandrel.
EXAMPLES
30 Knitting g oves and fabrics to bA test d.
Para-aramid filament yarns of four different linear densities were crimped and cut to make :Maple for spinr_ing test yarns for these examples. The filament yarns were polyp-phenylene terephthalamide) yarns sold 35 by E. T. du Pont de Nemours and Company under the tradename Kevlar~ 29, and were made from filaments havi:.g linear densities of 1.67, 2.50, 4.67, and 6.67 dtex. The staple length was 11.4 centimeters.
Portions of each-staple fiber were spun by a worsted system into yarns having a variety of twists.
Two-ply yarns were spun having a linear density of 590 dtex (Cotton Count, 20/2) and twist factors as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
Sample gloves and sample fabrics were knitted on a Shima Seiki glove knitting machine using these yarns and 4- and 6-end set-ups. The 4-end set-up resulted in a knitted fabric and string knit glove with an averaged weight of 478 g/square meter (14.1 ounces/square yard); and the 6-end set-up resulted in a knitted fabric and glove with an averaged weight of 783 g/square meter (23.1 ounces/square yard).
~~~PLE 1.
The gloves prepared above were subjected to cut resistance tests to yield information relating to the relationship between cut resistance and the fabric parameters of staple linear density and yarn twist factor. Results of those tests are set out in Tables 1 and 2, below, for the 6-end and 4-end fabrics, respectively.
TABLE 1 (6-End abric) F
Lin. Den. .1 67 tex 2.50 t ex 4.67 dtex 6.67 dtex Twist .~ ( Cut Resis tance (KG-for ce) 14 1.4 1.6 1.8 -17 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.8 19 1.4 1.5 1 6 1.8 22 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 24 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.3 26 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.8 29 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.0 31 1-33 1-44 1-7 1,g avg. 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.9 TABLE 2 (4-End Fabricl Lin. Den. 1.67 dtex 2.50 dtex 4.67 dtex 6.67 d tek Twist ~ t Cut sistance !KG-for ce) Re 14 1.0 1.1 __.2 -17 i.0 1.1 ~_.5 1.6 19 1.1 1.2 1..4 1.5 22 1.1 1.2 i..4 1.5 24 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.6 26 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 29 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.6 avg. 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.5 The Cut Resistance data from t:nis example show that cut resistance is a definite function of staple linear density and is relatively independent cf twist.
The cut resistance improves dramatically with increase in staple linear density and the increase is most dramatic at staple linear densities of greater than 2.5 dtex.
EXAMPLE 2.
The 6-end fabrics prepared above were subjected to a comfort test wherein the thirty one fabric samples were evaluated by feel to determine the "hand" of each sample. Ten persons were asked to feel each sample and rate the softness on a scale of 1-5 with 1 being harshest and 5 being softest. All of the ratings of the ten persons were averaged and are recorded in Table ~ 3, below.
Two-ply yarns were spun having a linear density of 590 dtex (Cotton Count, 20/2) and twist factors as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
Sample gloves and sample fabrics were knitted on a Shima Seiki glove knitting machine using these yarns and 4- and 6-end set-ups. The 4-end set-up resulted in a knitted fabric and string knit glove with an averaged weight of 478 g/square meter (14.1 ounces/square yard); and the 6-end set-up resulted in a knitted fabric and glove with an averaged weight of 783 g/square meter (23.1 ounces/square yard).
~~~PLE 1.
The gloves prepared above were subjected to cut resistance tests to yield information relating to the relationship between cut resistance and the fabric parameters of staple linear density and yarn twist factor. Results of those tests are set out in Tables 1 and 2, below, for the 6-end and 4-end fabrics, respectively.
TABLE 1 (6-End abric) F
Lin. Den. .1 67 tex 2.50 t ex 4.67 dtex 6.67 dtex Twist .~ ( Cut Resis tance (KG-for ce) 14 1.4 1.6 1.8 -17 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.8 19 1.4 1.5 1 6 1.8 22 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.7 24 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.3 26 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.8 29 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.0 31 1-33 1-44 1-7 1,g avg. 1.3 1.5 1.8 1.9 TABLE 2 (4-End Fabricl Lin. Den. 1.67 dtex 2.50 dtex 4.67 dtex 6.67 d tek Twist ~ t Cut sistance !KG-for ce) Re 14 1.0 1.1 __.2 -17 i.0 1.1 ~_.5 1.6 19 1.1 1.2 1..4 1.5 22 1.1 1.2 i..4 1.5 24 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.6 26 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 29 1.0 1.2 1.5 1.6 avg. 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.5 The Cut Resistance data from t:nis example show that cut resistance is a definite function of staple linear density and is relatively independent cf twist.
The cut resistance improves dramatically with increase in staple linear density and the increase is most dramatic at staple linear densities of greater than 2.5 dtex.
EXAMPLE 2.
The 6-end fabrics prepared above were subjected to a comfort test wherein the thirty one fabric samples were evaluated by feel to determine the "hand" of each sample. Ten persons were asked to feel each sample and rate the softness on a scale of 1-5 with 1 being harshest and 5 being softest. All of the ratings of the ten persons were averaged and are recorded in Table ~ 3, below.
Lin. Den.- 1.67 dtex 2.50 dtex 4.67 dtex 6.67 dtex Twist ~ ( Com fort Rating!Average of ten) _) 14 4.4 4.4 3.2 -17 4.2 4.4 3.1 2.9 19 4.2 4.0 3.0 2.5 22 3.6 3.5 2.5 2.1 24 3.5 3.5 2.2 2.5 26 3.3 3.2 2.0 1.3 29 3.0 2.4 ~.0 1.8 31 2.B 2.0 L.4 1.4 The Comfort data from this example show that comfort is a direct function of the degree of yarn twist. The comfort improves dramatically as twist is reduced. As stated previously, fabrics usually used in commercially offered gloves have been made from yarns with staple linear density of less than about 2.5 dtex and a preferred twist factor of greater than 28. It is clear from Table 3 that such fabrics were comfort rated at 2 to 3 in these tests; and that fab~Yics of this invention made from yarns with staple :linear density of 4.67 dtex and twist factors of less than 26 were rated _~ at least as good. Comfort clearly inci:-eases with decrease in staple linear density and decrease in twist.
Examples 1 and 2, show that fabrics made from yarns having staple linear densities of greater than 2.5 dtex exhibit improved cut resistance and fabrics made from yarns of less than 6.67 dtex and having twist factors of less than 26 exhibit improved comfort. A
combinaticn of those results show that yarns with staple linear densities of 3 to 6 dtex and twist factors of less than 26 will result in fabrics having, both improved cut resistance and maintained comfort.
Examples 1 and 2, show that fabrics made from yarns having staple linear densities of greater than 2.5 dtex exhibit improved cut resistance and fabrics made from yarns of less than 6.67 dtex and having twist factors of less than 26 exhibit improved comfort. A
combinaticn of those results show that yarns with staple linear densities of 3 to 6 dtex and twist factors of less than 26 will result in fabrics having, both improved cut resistance and maintained comfort.
Claims (20)
1. A yarn having a linear density of 150 to 5900 dtex and a twist factor of less than 26 wherein the yarn includes para-aramid staple fibers having a linear density of 3 to 6 dtex and a length of 2.5 to 15.2 centimeters.
2. A cut resistant garment made from the yarn of Claim 1.
3. The yarn of Claim 1 wherein the staple fibers have a linear density of 4 to 5 dtex.
4. The yarn of Claim 1 wherein the staple fibers have a twist factor of 15 to 22.
5. The yarn of Claim 3 wherein the staple fibers have a twist factor of 15 to 22.
6. A fabric having a weight of 135 to 1017 grams per square meter and made from the yarn of Claim 1.
7. A cut resistant garment made from the fabric of Claim 6.
8. The garment of Claim 7 in the form of a glove.
9. A woven fabric of Claim 6.
10. A knitted fabric of Claim 6.
11. A fabric having a weight cf 135 to 1017 grams per square meter and made from the yarn of Claim 3.
12. A cut resistant garment made from the fabric of Claim 11.
13. A garment of Claim 12 in the form of a glove.
14. A woven fabric of Claim 11.
15. A knitted fabric of Claim 11.
16. A fabric having a weight of 135 to 1017 grams per square meter and made from the yarn of Claim 4.
17. A cut resistant garment made from the fabric of Claim 16.
18. The garment of Claim 17 in the form of a glove.
19. A woven fabric of Claim 16.
20. A knitted fabric of Claim 16.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US971896P | 1996-01-05 | 1996-01-05 | |
US60/009,718 | 1996-01-05 | ||
PCT/US1996/020930 WO1997025464A1 (en) | 1996-01-05 | 1996-12-31 | Cut resistant yarn and fabric |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2241960A1 CA2241960A1 (en) | 1997-07-17 |
CA2241960C true CA2241960C (en) | 2004-04-06 |
Family
ID=21739323
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA002241960A Expired - Fee Related CA2241960C (en) | 1996-01-05 | 1996-12-31 | Cut resistant yarn and fabric |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0874929B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100415369B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1097105C (en) |
AU (1) | AU699340B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9612411A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2241960C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69605328T2 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2178470C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997025464A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6532724B2 (en) | 2000-05-15 | 2003-03-18 | Gilbert Patrick | Cut-resistant yarn and method of manufacture |
US6701703B2 (en) | 2001-10-23 | 2004-03-09 | Gilbert Patrick | High performance yarns and method of manufacture |
US20040011087A1 (en) * | 2002-07-18 | 2004-01-22 | Serge Rebouillat | Cut and abrasion resistant fibrous structure comprising an elastic nylon |
US7241709B2 (en) * | 2002-08-26 | 2007-07-10 | E. I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Penetration resistant life protection articles |
PT2052102E (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2010-12-16 | Teijin Aramid Gmbh | Staple fibre yarn, textile fabric comprising the staple fibre yarn, and articles comprising the textile fabric |
US7358203B1 (en) * | 2006-10-10 | 2008-04-15 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Stain-masking cut resistant fabrics and articles and processes for making same |
EP2707527B1 (en) * | 2011-05-10 | 2018-07-18 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Yarn, a process for making the yarn, and products containing the yarn |
CN102326896A (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2012-01-25 | 浙江康隆达手套有限公司 | Processing technic of anti-cutting glove |
US11598027B2 (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2023-03-07 | Patrick Yarn Mills, Inc. | Methods and systems for forming a composite yarn |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4120914A (en) * | 1977-02-04 | 1978-10-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Aromatic polyamide fiber blend for protective clothing |
FR2581665B1 (en) * | 1985-05-07 | 1987-06-12 | Rhone Poulenc Textile | FIBER YARNS OF THERMOSTABLE TEXTILE MATERIALS |
US4918912A (en) * | 1989-05-19 | 1990-04-24 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Cut and abrasion resistant spun yarns and fabrics |
JP3254952B2 (en) * | 1994-02-25 | 2002-02-12 | 東レ株式会社 | Spun yarn and woven / knitted fabric using the same |
-
1996
- 1996-12-31 EP EP96945334A patent/EP0874929B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-31 BR BR9612411A patent/BR9612411A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-31 CA CA002241960A patent/CA2241960C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-12-31 KR KR10-1998-0705171A patent/KR100415369B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-31 DE DE69605328T patent/DE69605328T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-31 RU RU98114673/12A patent/RU2178470C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-12-31 WO PCT/US1996/020930 patent/WO1997025464A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1996-12-31 CN CN96199548A patent/CN1097105C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-12-31 AU AU15234/97A patent/AU699340B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0874929A1 (en) | 1998-11-04 |
CA2241960A1 (en) | 1997-07-17 |
EP0874929B1 (en) | 1999-11-24 |
WO1997025464A1 (en) | 1997-07-17 |
KR100415369B1 (en) | 2004-03-19 |
CN1207145A (en) | 1999-02-03 |
AU1523497A (en) | 1997-08-01 |
CN1097105C (en) | 2002-12-25 |
DE69605328T2 (en) | 2000-05-11 |
AU699340B2 (en) | 1998-12-03 |
BR9612411A (en) | 1999-07-13 |
DE69605328D1 (en) | 1999-12-30 |
RU2178470C2 (en) | 2002-01-20 |
KR19990077038A (en) | 1999-10-25 |
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