CA2239883A1 - Outside wall construction for buildings, in particular panel - Google Patents
Outside wall construction for buildings, in particular panel Download PDFInfo
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- CA2239883A1 CA2239883A1 CA002239883A CA2239883A CA2239883A1 CA 2239883 A1 CA2239883 A1 CA 2239883A1 CA 002239883 A CA002239883 A CA 002239883A CA 2239883 A CA2239883 A CA 2239883A CA 2239883 A1 CA2239883 A1 CA 2239883A1
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- Prior art keywords
- alpha
- outside wall
- wall construction
- insulating layer
- outside
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
- F24S20/61—Passive solar heat collectors, e.g. operated without external energy source
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
Abstract
To exploit solar energy, the outside wall construction for buildings has an exterior heat insulating layer (5) between an inner wall shell (2) with an inner heat insulating layer (3) and an largely transparent outside wall shell (1) which is permeable to solar radiation. This heat insulating layer (5) is bounded by a boundary surface (6) which absorbs solar radiation. The boundary surface (6) is arranged between the outside layer (1) and the outside heat insulating layer (5) and consists of an opaque enamel, film or coating.
Description
Outside Wall Construction for Buildinqs, More Particularly a Panel The invention consists of an outside wall construction for buildings, more particularly a panel, in which for the exploitation of solar energy an exterior thermal insulating layer, bounded by a boundary surface which absorbs solar radiation, is arranged between an inner wall shell having an inner thermal insulating layer, and a largely transparent wall shell which is permeable to solar radiation.
In a wall construction of this type as known to art from WO 95/10741, the thermal transmission resistance of the outside wall shell and its total energy permeability, as well as the thermal transmission resistance formed by the inner wall shell with its inner thermal insulating layer, are matched with each other in such a way that the solar energy absorbed by the boundary surface under the possible maximum expected solar irradiation, and the maximum expected summer outside temperature, do not generate high temperatures in the interior o~ the wall construction that would be damaging to materials in the wall construction, and that temperatures which result, at their maximum, will still be felt to be comfortable by persons inside the living space. As a rule such a matching re~uires an adjustment of the coefficient of thermal transmission k and the total energy conductance rating g of the transparent outside wall shell, which is generally ~ormed by glazing, so that their k and g values o~ten leave insu~icient leeway ~or creating the most desirable design o~ the visual appearance o~ the outside wall construction in the wall and window breast area, as perceived by an outside observer, by configuring the outside wall shell.
The invention responds to the ~irst partial objective of creating a wall construction of the kind described at the outset so that the visual appearance of the wall construction as seen from without, given even an already existing configuration of the transparent outside wall shell, can be affected and determined in whatever way desired. In accordance with the second partial objective, temperatures inside the wall construction that might damage materials would be dependably avoided, while at the same time ensuring the maximum possible exploitation o~ solar energy and indoor com~ort, and yet keeping the construction depth o~ the wall structure as shallow as possible, and more particularly not to be any deeper than the static requirements of the load-carrying construction, and more particularly, ~or example, the pillars and beams, would require.
The ~irst partial objective is met by a wall construction with the characteristics described at the outset satis~ied according to the invention, in that the boundary sur~ace is arranged between the outside wall shell and the outside thermal insulating layer and made opaque by application o~ enamel, ~ilm or a paint coating.
In this case it is advantageous i~ the boundary sur~ace has a colour and/or structural design on the surface that ~aces and/or adjoins the outside wall shell, and which determines the visual aspect o~ the outside wall construction o~ the outside wall shell when seen ~rom without.
The colour and/or structural design on the sur~ace ~acing the outside wall shell a~ects the spectral absorption and re~lection o~ solar radiation at the boundary sur~ace and at the same time has a surprising e~ect on the visual appearance o~ the wall construction as seen by an observer looking at the outside wall shell, so that the visual appearance can be signi~icantly modi~ied by the appropriate design o~ this surface, without having to undertake changes in the design o~ the external wall shell itsel~, especially as regards its k and g values.
The second partial objective is achieved by the measures set ~orth in the characterizing clause o~ Claim 3, that is, by an outside wall construction, in which the boundary sur~ace absorbs a ~raction alpha o~ the solar radiation ~rom the external thermal insulating layer, and where the sum Rg o~
the thermal transmission resistance Ra ~ormed by the outside wall shell and the outer thermal insulating layer, and o~ the thermal transmission resistance Ri ~ormed by the inner wall shell with its inner thermal insulating layer, has a minimum value Rqmin which is large enough so that in the absence o~
solar radiation, and with the expected minimum outside air temperature (winter/night) the temperature at the inner wall sur~ace o~ the wall construction never falls below a minimum value ~or com~ort and risk o~ condensation. In Claim 3, as in what ~ollows, the thermal conductivity resistances Ra~ R
signify respectively the sum o~ the thermal conductance resistance l/Lambdaa or l/Lambdai o~ the wall construction between the boundary surface or the wall outer side or wall inner side, and the heat trans~er resistance l/alphaa on the wall outer side, or l/alphai on the wall inner side.
Similarly, the thermal transmission resistance Rg = Ra + Ri =
l/alphaa plus l/Lambdaa + l/Lambdai + l/alphai the sum o~ the thermal permeability resistance l/Lambdaa + l/Lambdai o~ the total wall construction and o~ the inner or outer heat trans~er resistances l/alphaa, l/alphai.
In the wall construction according to the invention the absorption of incident solar radiation takes place primarily at the boundary sur~ace bounding the transparent outer thermal insulating layer on the side o~ the inner thermal insulating layer, so as to produce as a rule under solar radiation the highest temperatures inside the wall construction. For this purpose the boundary sur~ace can be thin, something in the nature o~ ~oil, film or a coating, so long as it is largely impermeable to solar radiation. The matching according to the invention o~ the quantities described in the characterizing claims, by means o~ a deliberately reduced value ~or the overall energy conductance rating g o~ the outside wall shell and/or the absorption rating alpha on the boundary sur~ace, can have the result, achieved while continuing to maintain good exploitation o~
solar energy, that even in the case o~ maximum possible solar irradiation, the maximum temperature value TmaXis not exceeded in the wall construction, so that damage to materials cannot take place. Simultaneously, by means o~ this matching according to the invention, it can also and to a surprising degree be attained that the temperature at the inner surface of the wall can never be greater than the value Toimax~ so that this temperature and the temperature jump from the wall inner surface to the interior room air, as determined by the heat transmission resistance 1/alphai, lie, even during maximum solar irradiation, in the range that persons inside the living space will still feel to be comfortable. The values for the thermal transmission resistance Riof the inner wall shell required to obtain this matching are easy to achieve by means of layer thicknesses, while the construction depth and the design and monetary cost of the wall construction according to the invention must together not exceed what is in any case necessary for the value Rgminof the thermal transmission resistance of the total wall construction, so that even at night and under minimum outdoor temperatures there is sufficient thermal insulation, with the result that the temperature at the wall inner surface does not fall below a minimum value for comfort and risk of condensation. The possibility according to the invention of matching values by deliberately reducing the g value of the outside wall shell and the outside thermal insulation layer, can, in combination with the absorbing boundary surface, additionally be exploited taken advantage of to optimize the external appearance of the wall construction, wherein a further important advantage of the invention is to be found. The reduced g values in fact reduce the view through the outside wall shall, and also make it difficult to look in from outside at the wall construction located behind the outside wall shell, by which means requirements for the aesthetics of the appearance of the wall construction can without difficulty be met.
So as to be able to comply with the requirements set forth earlier (maintaining specific limits for the maximum temperature taking place in the wall construction and the maximum inner surface temperature generated, the portion of the solar energy incident on the boundary surface must be decreased by reducing the g value and/or the absorption at the boundary sur~ace, by increasing the thermal transmission resistance Ra o~ the outside wall shell and the inner thermal insulating layer. Reducing g and/or alpha simultaneously makes possible a greater expansion o~ the permissible wall thermal transmission resistance Ri o~ the inner wall shell both upwards and downwards.
More particularly, the matching o~ values according to the invention is characterized in Table 1 as contained in Claim 3 below. Versions o~ the wall construction which have been distinguished by especially good exploitation o~ solar energy are characterized in Claim 4 and in Table 2 contained therein. These tables are valid ~or assumptions o~ TmaX =
120 C, Toimax= 36~ C, TamaX= 30~ C, Ti= 20~ C, where Tmax represents the maximum expected outdoor summer temperature and Ti the indoor temperature, ~or a south/west orientation o~ the wall construction with a maximum expected solar irradiation o~ q5max= 700 W/m2. Table 1 compiles permissible maximum values (third column) and minimum values (~ourth column) o~ Ri , for alphas equal to each o~ 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8, as a ~unction o~ Ra (~irst column) and alpha*g (second column). Intermediate values can easily be determined by interpolation. Table 2, ~or selected and especially pre~erred cases, characterizes not only the respective Ra/ alpha, g and Ri values, but also, in the last column, suitability ~or exploitation o~ solar energy at three levels, +, ++ and +++, where the degree o~ bene~it increases with the number o~ plus signs.
The values o~ Ra/ Ri , alpha and g as per Tables 1 and 2 are o~ course a ~unction o~ the value ~max of the highest possible solar irradiation to be expected. This value varies with the orientation o~ the wall construction to the points o~ the compass; in southern orientation it is at its greatest, and at its lowest with northern orientation. The invention recommends that this directionality be exploited according to Claim 5, that is, ~or example, by determining the dimensions ~or a wall construction ~acing north to take into account a significantly lower value for q5maxthan for a south-facing construction, so as in this way to make possible considerably lower k and keqvalues for the wall construction than would be obtained by using the q5maxvalue for a south-facing construction.
The lower solar radiation received by the outside wall shell, through a deliberate reduction of the value for alpha*g (here and in what follows, "*" indicates the multiplication sign), is optimally exploited according to the invention by adjusting the heat penetration coefficient k =
1/Raof this wall shell material, thus limiting the correspondingly reduced k value for heat loss from the absorbent boundary surface outwards through the outer transparent thermal insulating layer and the outside wall shell.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention the colour and/or structural design can be formed by applying a coating to or by sur~a~ ~inishing of ~he bo-un~ary ~urface.
An especially preferred embodiment is characterized in that the boundary surface, on its surface turned towards the outer thermal insulating layer, has an essentially plain pattern to act as a base for the colour and/or structural design. The color design can be created from monochrome or polychrome colour blocks, and the structural design by a relief-type surface configuration.
Further, according to the invention, the outside wall shell can be formed from a single thickness of glass or by multi-layered insulating glass of various configurations.
The following more particularly describes, by means of figures, one embodiment of the invention: Figures 1 and 2 depict a cross-section through the wall construction of a wall panel according to the invention in a simple schematic presentation, in which the outside wall shell in Fig. 1 is made from single-thickness glass and in Fig. 2 from insulating glass.
This outside wall shell is identified as "1" in the figure and can be constructed in many different ways, more particularly as single, double or even triple glass panes, in which incidentally thermal protection and/or solar protection coatings as well as coatings affecting the g value may be present, and which need not be described here in greater detail. Starting from the inside living space shown to the right of the drawing, the panel possesses an inner wall shell 2, to which an inner thermal insulating layer 3 belongs, and which on its inner side can be sealed off by a largely moisture-proof wall surface 4, for instance of sheet metal.
The outside wall shell 1 adjoins, on the side ~acing the inner living space, an outer thermal insulating layer 5, which like the outside wall shell 1 can be permeable to solar radiation and is constructed for the most part of one air layer, but may also consist of transparent glass, transparent plastic, transparent capillary panels and the like. The outside wall shell (1) is separated from the outer thermal insulating layer 5 by a boundary surface 6, which can consist of enamel, film, paint or the like and in which solar radiation is absorbed.
To influence and control as desired the visual impression that an observer gathers from the outside, in the drawing looking towards the outside wall shell 1, that is proceeding from the left, the boundary surface 6 can be provided on the surface facing the outside wall shell 1 with a colour and/or structural design, which affects the spectral absorption and reflection of solar radiation in such a way that the desired visual impression of the outside wall element emerges when viewed from outside. More particularly, this colour and/or structural design can be formed by an additional coating or by surface finishing o~ the boundary surface 6. The boundary surface 6 can also be provided on its surface turned towards outside wall shell 1 with an essentially flat pattern to carry the colour and/or structural configuration. The colour configuration can be formed by colour panels or by areas that possess different colours. They can however also be in a monochrome finishing extending over the entire panel surface. The structural con~iguration can ~or example be achieved by applying a relie~-type finish to the sur~ace o~ the underlying base sur~ace 7.
According to the invention it is recommended there be an optimal matching o~ the respective k values and g values to the requirements at hand, more speci~ically in consideration o~ the maximum temperature combinations TtmaX and Toimax occurring at the absorbing boundary sur~ace 6, and easily derived ~rom the Tables.
The permissible assignments of Ra/ alpha, g and Ri ~or south- and west-oriented wall sur~aces are compiled in Tables 1 and 2 in the manner already explained above. Between the alpha, Ra~ and g to be given, the or the two cited limiting values, Ri can be ~reely selected. The case-by-case attainable exploitation o~ solar energy is given in the ~inal column of Table 2, where the evaluation rests on the ~ollowing basis where kstatiC= l/Rg The standard is in each case a south-oriented wall:
x = good (kequ = 0.16-0.25 W/m2K, keqU < 1/2 k5tatiC) xx = ve~ good (kequ = 0.06-0.15 W/m2K,kequ<1/3kstatic) xxx = excellent (kequ = 0.05 W/m2K,kequ <1/8k5~tic).
In a wall construction of this type as known to art from WO 95/10741, the thermal transmission resistance of the outside wall shell and its total energy permeability, as well as the thermal transmission resistance formed by the inner wall shell with its inner thermal insulating layer, are matched with each other in such a way that the solar energy absorbed by the boundary surface under the possible maximum expected solar irradiation, and the maximum expected summer outside temperature, do not generate high temperatures in the interior o~ the wall construction that would be damaging to materials in the wall construction, and that temperatures which result, at their maximum, will still be felt to be comfortable by persons inside the living space. As a rule such a matching re~uires an adjustment of the coefficient of thermal transmission k and the total energy conductance rating g of the transparent outside wall shell, which is generally ~ormed by glazing, so that their k and g values o~ten leave insu~icient leeway ~or creating the most desirable design o~ the visual appearance o~ the outside wall construction in the wall and window breast area, as perceived by an outside observer, by configuring the outside wall shell.
The invention responds to the ~irst partial objective of creating a wall construction of the kind described at the outset so that the visual appearance of the wall construction as seen from without, given even an already existing configuration of the transparent outside wall shell, can be affected and determined in whatever way desired. In accordance with the second partial objective, temperatures inside the wall construction that might damage materials would be dependably avoided, while at the same time ensuring the maximum possible exploitation o~ solar energy and indoor com~ort, and yet keeping the construction depth o~ the wall structure as shallow as possible, and more particularly not to be any deeper than the static requirements of the load-carrying construction, and more particularly, ~or example, the pillars and beams, would require.
The ~irst partial objective is met by a wall construction with the characteristics described at the outset satis~ied according to the invention, in that the boundary sur~ace is arranged between the outside wall shell and the outside thermal insulating layer and made opaque by application o~ enamel, ~ilm or a paint coating.
In this case it is advantageous i~ the boundary sur~ace has a colour and/or structural design on the surface that ~aces and/or adjoins the outside wall shell, and which determines the visual aspect o~ the outside wall construction o~ the outside wall shell when seen ~rom without.
The colour and/or structural design on the sur~ace ~acing the outside wall shell a~ects the spectral absorption and re~lection o~ solar radiation at the boundary sur~ace and at the same time has a surprising e~ect on the visual appearance o~ the wall construction as seen by an observer looking at the outside wall shell, so that the visual appearance can be signi~icantly modi~ied by the appropriate design o~ this surface, without having to undertake changes in the design o~ the external wall shell itsel~, especially as regards its k and g values.
The second partial objective is achieved by the measures set ~orth in the characterizing clause o~ Claim 3, that is, by an outside wall construction, in which the boundary sur~ace absorbs a ~raction alpha o~ the solar radiation ~rom the external thermal insulating layer, and where the sum Rg o~
the thermal transmission resistance Ra ~ormed by the outside wall shell and the outer thermal insulating layer, and o~ the thermal transmission resistance Ri ~ormed by the inner wall shell with its inner thermal insulating layer, has a minimum value Rqmin which is large enough so that in the absence o~
solar radiation, and with the expected minimum outside air temperature (winter/night) the temperature at the inner wall sur~ace o~ the wall construction never falls below a minimum value ~or com~ort and risk o~ condensation. In Claim 3, as in what ~ollows, the thermal conductivity resistances Ra~ R
signify respectively the sum o~ the thermal conductance resistance l/Lambdaa or l/Lambdai o~ the wall construction between the boundary surface or the wall outer side or wall inner side, and the heat trans~er resistance l/alphaa on the wall outer side, or l/alphai on the wall inner side.
Similarly, the thermal transmission resistance Rg = Ra + Ri =
l/alphaa plus l/Lambdaa + l/Lambdai + l/alphai the sum o~ the thermal permeability resistance l/Lambdaa + l/Lambdai o~ the total wall construction and o~ the inner or outer heat trans~er resistances l/alphaa, l/alphai.
In the wall construction according to the invention the absorption of incident solar radiation takes place primarily at the boundary sur~ace bounding the transparent outer thermal insulating layer on the side o~ the inner thermal insulating layer, so as to produce as a rule under solar radiation the highest temperatures inside the wall construction. For this purpose the boundary sur~ace can be thin, something in the nature o~ ~oil, film or a coating, so long as it is largely impermeable to solar radiation. The matching according to the invention o~ the quantities described in the characterizing claims, by means o~ a deliberately reduced value ~or the overall energy conductance rating g o~ the outside wall shell and/or the absorption rating alpha on the boundary sur~ace, can have the result, achieved while continuing to maintain good exploitation o~
solar energy, that even in the case o~ maximum possible solar irradiation, the maximum temperature value TmaXis not exceeded in the wall construction, so that damage to materials cannot take place. Simultaneously, by means o~ this matching according to the invention, it can also and to a surprising degree be attained that the temperature at the inner surface of the wall can never be greater than the value Toimax~ so that this temperature and the temperature jump from the wall inner surface to the interior room air, as determined by the heat transmission resistance 1/alphai, lie, even during maximum solar irradiation, in the range that persons inside the living space will still feel to be comfortable. The values for the thermal transmission resistance Riof the inner wall shell required to obtain this matching are easy to achieve by means of layer thicknesses, while the construction depth and the design and monetary cost of the wall construction according to the invention must together not exceed what is in any case necessary for the value Rgminof the thermal transmission resistance of the total wall construction, so that even at night and under minimum outdoor temperatures there is sufficient thermal insulation, with the result that the temperature at the wall inner surface does not fall below a minimum value for comfort and risk of condensation. The possibility according to the invention of matching values by deliberately reducing the g value of the outside wall shell and the outside thermal insulation layer, can, in combination with the absorbing boundary surface, additionally be exploited taken advantage of to optimize the external appearance of the wall construction, wherein a further important advantage of the invention is to be found. The reduced g values in fact reduce the view through the outside wall shall, and also make it difficult to look in from outside at the wall construction located behind the outside wall shell, by which means requirements for the aesthetics of the appearance of the wall construction can without difficulty be met.
So as to be able to comply with the requirements set forth earlier (maintaining specific limits for the maximum temperature taking place in the wall construction and the maximum inner surface temperature generated, the portion of the solar energy incident on the boundary surface must be decreased by reducing the g value and/or the absorption at the boundary sur~ace, by increasing the thermal transmission resistance Ra o~ the outside wall shell and the inner thermal insulating layer. Reducing g and/or alpha simultaneously makes possible a greater expansion o~ the permissible wall thermal transmission resistance Ri o~ the inner wall shell both upwards and downwards.
More particularly, the matching o~ values according to the invention is characterized in Table 1 as contained in Claim 3 below. Versions o~ the wall construction which have been distinguished by especially good exploitation o~ solar energy are characterized in Claim 4 and in Table 2 contained therein. These tables are valid ~or assumptions o~ TmaX =
120 C, Toimax= 36~ C, TamaX= 30~ C, Ti= 20~ C, where Tmax represents the maximum expected outdoor summer temperature and Ti the indoor temperature, ~or a south/west orientation o~ the wall construction with a maximum expected solar irradiation o~ q5max= 700 W/m2. Table 1 compiles permissible maximum values (third column) and minimum values (~ourth column) o~ Ri , for alphas equal to each o~ 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8, as a ~unction o~ Ra (~irst column) and alpha*g (second column). Intermediate values can easily be determined by interpolation. Table 2, ~or selected and especially pre~erred cases, characterizes not only the respective Ra/ alpha, g and Ri values, but also, in the last column, suitability ~or exploitation o~ solar energy at three levels, +, ++ and +++, where the degree o~ bene~it increases with the number o~ plus signs.
The values o~ Ra/ Ri , alpha and g as per Tables 1 and 2 are o~ course a ~unction o~ the value ~max of the highest possible solar irradiation to be expected. This value varies with the orientation o~ the wall construction to the points o~ the compass; in southern orientation it is at its greatest, and at its lowest with northern orientation. The invention recommends that this directionality be exploited according to Claim 5, that is, ~or example, by determining the dimensions ~or a wall construction ~acing north to take into account a significantly lower value for q5maxthan for a south-facing construction, so as in this way to make possible considerably lower k and keqvalues for the wall construction than would be obtained by using the q5maxvalue for a south-facing construction.
The lower solar radiation received by the outside wall shell, through a deliberate reduction of the value for alpha*g (here and in what follows, "*" indicates the multiplication sign), is optimally exploited according to the invention by adjusting the heat penetration coefficient k =
1/Raof this wall shell material, thus limiting the correspondingly reduced k value for heat loss from the absorbent boundary surface outwards through the outer transparent thermal insulating layer and the outside wall shell.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention the colour and/or structural design can be formed by applying a coating to or by sur~a~ ~inishing of ~he bo-un~ary ~urface.
An especially preferred embodiment is characterized in that the boundary surface, on its surface turned towards the outer thermal insulating layer, has an essentially plain pattern to act as a base for the colour and/or structural design. The color design can be created from monochrome or polychrome colour blocks, and the structural design by a relief-type surface configuration.
Further, according to the invention, the outside wall shell can be formed from a single thickness of glass or by multi-layered insulating glass of various configurations.
The following more particularly describes, by means of figures, one embodiment of the invention: Figures 1 and 2 depict a cross-section through the wall construction of a wall panel according to the invention in a simple schematic presentation, in which the outside wall shell in Fig. 1 is made from single-thickness glass and in Fig. 2 from insulating glass.
This outside wall shell is identified as "1" in the figure and can be constructed in many different ways, more particularly as single, double or even triple glass panes, in which incidentally thermal protection and/or solar protection coatings as well as coatings affecting the g value may be present, and which need not be described here in greater detail. Starting from the inside living space shown to the right of the drawing, the panel possesses an inner wall shell 2, to which an inner thermal insulating layer 3 belongs, and which on its inner side can be sealed off by a largely moisture-proof wall surface 4, for instance of sheet metal.
The outside wall shell 1 adjoins, on the side ~acing the inner living space, an outer thermal insulating layer 5, which like the outside wall shell 1 can be permeable to solar radiation and is constructed for the most part of one air layer, but may also consist of transparent glass, transparent plastic, transparent capillary panels and the like. The outside wall shell (1) is separated from the outer thermal insulating layer 5 by a boundary surface 6, which can consist of enamel, film, paint or the like and in which solar radiation is absorbed.
To influence and control as desired the visual impression that an observer gathers from the outside, in the drawing looking towards the outside wall shell 1, that is proceeding from the left, the boundary surface 6 can be provided on the surface facing the outside wall shell 1 with a colour and/or structural design, which affects the spectral absorption and reflection of solar radiation in such a way that the desired visual impression of the outside wall element emerges when viewed from outside. More particularly, this colour and/or structural design can be formed by an additional coating or by surface finishing o~ the boundary surface 6. The boundary surface 6 can also be provided on its surface turned towards outside wall shell 1 with an essentially flat pattern to carry the colour and/or structural configuration. The colour configuration can be formed by colour panels or by areas that possess different colours. They can however also be in a monochrome finishing extending over the entire panel surface. The structural con~iguration can ~or example be achieved by applying a relie~-type finish to the sur~ace o~ the underlying base sur~ace 7.
According to the invention it is recommended there be an optimal matching o~ the respective k values and g values to the requirements at hand, more speci~ically in consideration o~ the maximum temperature combinations TtmaX and Toimax occurring at the absorbing boundary sur~ace 6, and easily derived ~rom the Tables.
The permissible assignments of Ra/ alpha, g and Ri ~or south- and west-oriented wall sur~aces are compiled in Tables 1 and 2 in the manner already explained above. Between the alpha, Ra~ and g to be given, the or the two cited limiting values, Ri can be ~reely selected. The case-by-case attainable exploitation o~ solar energy is given in the ~inal column of Table 2, where the evaluation rests on the ~ollowing basis where kstatiC= l/Rg The standard is in each case a south-oriented wall:
x = good (kequ = 0.16-0.25 W/m2K, keqU < 1/2 k5tatiC) xx = ve~ good (kequ = 0.06-0.15 W/m2K,kequ<1/3kstatic) xxx = excellent (kequ = 0.05 W/m2K,kequ <1/8k5~tic).
Claims (11)
1. An outside wall construction for buildings, and more particularly a panel, in which for the exploitation of solar energy an outer thermal insulation layer (5) is arranged between an inner wall shell (2) having an inner thermal insulating layer (3) and a largely transparent wall shell (1) permeable to solar radiation, and which is defined by a solar radiation absorbing boundary surface (6), characterized in that the boundary surface (6) is arranged between the outside wall shell (1) and the outer thermal insulating layer (5) and is made to be opaque by the application of an enamel, film or painted coating.
2. Outside wall construction according to Claim 1, characterized in that the boundary surface (6) on its surface, facing and/or adjacent to the outside wall shell (1), displays a colour or structural design which when the outside wall shell (1) is viewed from outside determines the visual appearance of the outside wall construction.
3. Outside wall construction according to Claim 1 or 2, in which the boundary surface (6) absorbs an alpha fraction of the solar radiation from the outer thermal insulating layer (5), whereby the sum Rg of the thermal transmission resistance Ra formed by the outside wall shell (1) and the outer thermal insulating layer (5) and of the thermal transmission resistance Ri formed by the inner wall shell (2) with its inner thermal insulating layer (3) has a minimum value Rgmin that is large enough so that in case of insufficient solar irradiation and the minimum expected outside air temperature (winter/night), the temperature at the inner wall surface of the wall construction does not fall below a minimum relative comfort and condensation risk value, characterized in that the thermal transmission resistance Ra formed by the outside wall shell (1), and the outer thermal insulating layer (5) and their total degree of energy permeation g, as well as the degree of absorption alpha at the boundary surface (6) and the heat conductivity resistance Ri formed by the inner wall shell (2) with its inner thermal insulating layer (3), are matched to each other in such a way that the maximum possible solar irradiation qsmax and the maximum outdoor summer temperature Tmax expected at the building location will produce, not only in the interior of the wall construction but more particularly at the boundary surface (6), at the highest a maximum temperature Ttmax that can still be borne without damage by the materials used in the wall construction, and at the wall inner surface generates at the highest a maximum temperature T oimax which persons inside the living space will still find comfortable, so that at given values of Ra, alpha, and alpha*g (here and in what follows, "*" indicates the multiplication sign), the value Ri for a wall construction oriented towards south or west falls between the limits given in the accompanying table (Table 1):
Table 1 Solar panel: Permissible structures alpha = 0.2 Limiting criterion: Tt ~ 120° C Toi ~ 36° C
Ra .alpha. x g R1.perm Ra .alpha. x g Rl-perm (m2K)/W (m2K)/W (m2K)/W (m2K)/W
Max Min Max Min ___________________________________________________________________ 0.23 0.18 3.00 0.13 0.60 0.11 3.00 0.40 0.23 0.16 3.00 0.13 0.60 0.10 3.00 0.40 0.23 0.14 3.00 0.13 0.60 0.09 3.00 0.35 0.23 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.60 0.08 3.00 0.31 0.23 0.10 3.00 0.13 0.60 0.07 3.00 0.23 0.23 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.72 0.14 1.78 0.61 0.23 0.06 3.00 0.13 0.72 0.12 2.14 0.61 0.40 0.16 3.00 0.20 0.72 0.10 3.00 0.53 0.40 0.14 3.00 0.19 0.72 0.08 3.00 0.39 0.40 0.12 3.00 0.16 0.72 0.06 3.00 0.28 0.40 0.10 3.00 0.13 0.72 0.04 3.00 0.13 0.40 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.14 1.68 0.51 0.40 0.06 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.12 2.04 0.51 0.40 0.04 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.10 2.51 0.43 0.41 0.15 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.08 3.00 0.36 0.41 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.06 3.00 0.23 0.41 0.10 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.04 3.00 0.13 0.41 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.97 0.09 1.03 0.85 0.41 0.06 3.00 0.13 0.97 0.08 1.53 0.57 0.53 0.14 3.00 0.24 0.97 0.06 3.00 0.28 0.53 0.12 3.00 0.24 0.97 0.04 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.10 3.00 0.21 0.97 0.02 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.08 3.00 0.16 0.53 0.06 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.04 3.00 0.13 Table 1 Solar panel: Permissible structures alpha = 0.4 Limiting criterion: Tt ~ 120° C Toi ~ 36° C
Ra .alpha. x g R1.perm Ra .alpha. x g R1.perm (m2K)/W (m2K)/W (m2K)/W (m2K)/W
Max Min Max Min 0.23 0.35 3.00 0.28 0.60 0.23 1.90 0.65 0.23 0.33 3.00 0.27 0.60 0.20 2.40 0.60 0.23 0.28 3.00 0.26 0.60 0.18 2.73 0.51 0.23 0.24 3.00 0.22 0.60 0.16 2.73 0.45 0.23 0.20 3.00 0.20 0.60 0.13 3.00 0.35 0.23 0.16 3.00 0.14 0.72 0.28 0.95 0.87 0.23 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.72 0.24 1.10 0.61 0.40 0.32 3.00 0.43 0.72 0.20 1.50 0.53 0.40 0.28 3.00 0.40 0.72 0.16 2.14 0.46 0.40 0.24 3.00 0.34 0.72 0.12 3.00 0.33 0.40 0.20 3.00 0.29 0.72 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.40 0.16 3.00 0.23 0.82 0.28 0.85 0.77 0.40 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.24 1.00 0.72 0.40 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.20 1.40 0.51 0.41 0.29 3.00 0.42 0.82 0.16 2.51 0.43 0.41 0.24 3.00 0.33 0.82 0.12 3.00 0.23 0.41 0.20 3.00 0.28 0.82 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.41 0.16 3.00 0.20 0.97 0.19 not possible 0.41 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.97 0.16 1.25 0.57 0.53 0.28 2.80 0.50 0.97 0.12 2.36 0.46 0.53 0.24 3.00 0.47 0.97 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.20 3.00 0.38 0.97 0.04 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.16 3.00 0.30 0.53 0.12 3.00 0.18 0.53 0.08 3.00 0.13 Table 1 Solar panel: Permissible structures alpha = 0. 6 Limiting criterion: Tt ~ 12O° C Toi ~ 36° C
Ra .alpha.xg R1.perm Ra .alpha. x g R1.perm (m2K)/W (m2K)/w (m2K)/W (m2k)/W
Max Min Max min 0.23 0.53 3.00 0.44 0.60 0.34 1.07 0.73 0.23 0.49 3.00 0.42 0.60 0.30 1.15 0.70 0.23 0.42 3.00 0.40 0.60 0.27 1.90 0.62 0.23 0.36 3.00 0.33 0.60 0.24 2.73 0.51 0.23 0.30 3.00 0.30 0.60 0.20 3.00 0.40 0.23 0.24 3.00 0.19 0.72 0.42 not possible 0.23 0.18 3.00 0.13 0.72 0.36 not possible 0.40 0.48 2.46 0.65 0.72 0.30 1.10 0.71 0.40 0.42 3.00 0.60 0.72 0.24 2.14 0.61 0.40 0.36 3.00 0.51 0.72 0.18 3.00 0.39 0.40 0.30 3.00 0.43 0.72 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.40 0.24 3.00 0.31 0.82 0.42 not possible 0.40 0.18 3.00 0.19 0.82 0.36 not possible 0.40 0.42 3.00 0.09 0.82 0.30 1.00 0.72 0.41 0.44 2.92 0.64 0.82 0.24 1.68 0.61 0.41 0.36 3.00 0.54 0.82 0.18 3.00 0.29 0.41 0.30 3.00 0.42 0.82 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.41 0.24 3.00 0.36 0.97 0.28 not possible 0.41 0.18 3.00 0.20 0.97 0.24 1.25 0.95 0.53 0.42 1.47. 0.72 0.97 0.18 1.66 0.57 0.53 0.36 2.33 0.65 0.97 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.30 2.80 0.52 0.97 0.06 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.243.00 0.38 0.53 0.183.00 0.24 0.53 0.123.00 0.13 Table 1 Solar panel: Permissible structures alpha = 0.8 Limiting criterion: Tt ~ 120° C Toi ~ 36° C
Ra .alpha. x g R1.perm Ra .alpha. x g R1.perm (m2K)/W (m2K)/W (m2K)/W (m2K)/W
Max Min Max Min 0.23 0.70 3.00 0.54 0.60 0.46 not possible 0.23 0.66 3.00 0.51 0.60 0.40 0.83 0.73 0.23 0.56 3.00 0.44 0.60 0.36 1.62 0.65 0.23 0.48 3.00 0.40 0.60 0.32 2.26 0.58 0.23 0.40 3.00 0.33 0.60 0.26 2.73 0.40 0.23 0.32 3.00 0.25 0.72 0.56 not possible 0.23 0.24 3.00 0.19 0.72 0.48 not possible 0.40 0.64 1.27 0.78 0.72 0.40 0.95 0.82 0.40 0.48 2.10 0.71 0.72 0.32 1.78 0.61 0.40 0.40 3.00 0.60 0.72 0.24 3.00 0.39 0.40 0.32 3.00 0.51 0.72 0.16 3.00 0.13 0.40 0.24 3.00 0.37 0.82 0.56 not possible 0.40 0.24 3.00 0.27 0.82 0.48 not possible 0.40 0.16 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.40 0.85 0.72 0.41 0.58 1.26 0.77 0.82 0.32 1.68 0.51 0.41 0.48 2.92 0.64 0.82 0.24 3.00 0.36 0.41 0.40 3.00 0.50 0.82 0.16 3.00 0.13 0.41 0.32 3.00 0.39 0.97 0.38 not possible 0.41 0.24 3.00 0.22 0.97 0.29 not possible 0.53 0.56 not possible 0.97 0.26 0.95 0.53 0.48 0.80 0.72 0.97 0.24 1.53 0.46 0.53 0.40 2.80 0.58 0.97 0.16 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.32 3.00 0.47 0.97 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.24 3.00 0.30 0.53 0.16 3.00 0.13 where in the table for alpha equal to 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8, each as a function of Ra (first column) and alpha*g (second column), the permissible maximum value (third column) and minimum value (fourth column) for R1 are compiled, and intermediate values can be easily determined by interpolation.
Table 1 Solar panel: Permissible structures alpha = 0.2 Limiting criterion: Tt ~ 120° C Toi ~ 36° C
Ra .alpha. x g R1.perm Ra .alpha. x g Rl-perm (m2K)/W (m2K)/W (m2K)/W (m2K)/W
Max Min Max Min ___________________________________________________________________ 0.23 0.18 3.00 0.13 0.60 0.11 3.00 0.40 0.23 0.16 3.00 0.13 0.60 0.10 3.00 0.40 0.23 0.14 3.00 0.13 0.60 0.09 3.00 0.35 0.23 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.60 0.08 3.00 0.31 0.23 0.10 3.00 0.13 0.60 0.07 3.00 0.23 0.23 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.72 0.14 1.78 0.61 0.23 0.06 3.00 0.13 0.72 0.12 2.14 0.61 0.40 0.16 3.00 0.20 0.72 0.10 3.00 0.53 0.40 0.14 3.00 0.19 0.72 0.08 3.00 0.39 0.40 0.12 3.00 0.16 0.72 0.06 3.00 0.28 0.40 0.10 3.00 0.13 0.72 0.04 3.00 0.13 0.40 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.14 1.68 0.51 0.40 0.06 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.12 2.04 0.51 0.40 0.04 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.10 2.51 0.43 0.41 0.15 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.08 3.00 0.36 0.41 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.06 3.00 0.23 0.41 0.10 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.04 3.00 0.13 0.41 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.97 0.09 1.03 0.85 0.41 0.06 3.00 0.13 0.97 0.08 1.53 0.57 0.53 0.14 3.00 0.24 0.97 0.06 3.00 0.28 0.53 0.12 3.00 0.24 0.97 0.04 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.10 3.00 0.21 0.97 0.02 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.08 3.00 0.16 0.53 0.06 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.04 3.00 0.13 Table 1 Solar panel: Permissible structures alpha = 0.4 Limiting criterion: Tt ~ 120° C Toi ~ 36° C
Ra .alpha. x g R1.perm Ra .alpha. x g R1.perm (m2K)/W (m2K)/W (m2K)/W (m2K)/W
Max Min Max Min 0.23 0.35 3.00 0.28 0.60 0.23 1.90 0.65 0.23 0.33 3.00 0.27 0.60 0.20 2.40 0.60 0.23 0.28 3.00 0.26 0.60 0.18 2.73 0.51 0.23 0.24 3.00 0.22 0.60 0.16 2.73 0.45 0.23 0.20 3.00 0.20 0.60 0.13 3.00 0.35 0.23 0.16 3.00 0.14 0.72 0.28 0.95 0.87 0.23 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.72 0.24 1.10 0.61 0.40 0.32 3.00 0.43 0.72 0.20 1.50 0.53 0.40 0.28 3.00 0.40 0.72 0.16 2.14 0.46 0.40 0.24 3.00 0.34 0.72 0.12 3.00 0.33 0.40 0.20 3.00 0.29 0.72 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.40 0.16 3.00 0.23 0.82 0.28 0.85 0.77 0.40 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.24 1.00 0.72 0.40 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.20 1.40 0.51 0.41 0.29 3.00 0.42 0.82 0.16 2.51 0.43 0.41 0.24 3.00 0.33 0.82 0.12 3.00 0.23 0.41 0.20 3.00 0.28 0.82 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.41 0.16 3.00 0.20 0.97 0.19 not possible 0.41 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.97 0.16 1.25 0.57 0.53 0.28 2.80 0.50 0.97 0.12 2.36 0.46 0.53 0.24 3.00 0.47 0.97 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.20 3.00 0.38 0.97 0.04 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.16 3.00 0.30 0.53 0.12 3.00 0.18 0.53 0.08 3.00 0.13 Table 1 Solar panel: Permissible structures alpha = 0. 6 Limiting criterion: Tt ~ 12O° C Toi ~ 36° C
Ra .alpha.xg R1.perm Ra .alpha. x g R1.perm (m2K)/W (m2K)/w (m2K)/W (m2k)/W
Max Min Max min 0.23 0.53 3.00 0.44 0.60 0.34 1.07 0.73 0.23 0.49 3.00 0.42 0.60 0.30 1.15 0.70 0.23 0.42 3.00 0.40 0.60 0.27 1.90 0.62 0.23 0.36 3.00 0.33 0.60 0.24 2.73 0.51 0.23 0.30 3.00 0.30 0.60 0.20 3.00 0.40 0.23 0.24 3.00 0.19 0.72 0.42 not possible 0.23 0.18 3.00 0.13 0.72 0.36 not possible 0.40 0.48 2.46 0.65 0.72 0.30 1.10 0.71 0.40 0.42 3.00 0.60 0.72 0.24 2.14 0.61 0.40 0.36 3.00 0.51 0.72 0.18 3.00 0.39 0.40 0.30 3.00 0.43 0.72 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.40 0.24 3.00 0.31 0.82 0.42 not possible 0.40 0.18 3.00 0.19 0.82 0.36 not possible 0.40 0.42 3.00 0.09 0.82 0.30 1.00 0.72 0.41 0.44 2.92 0.64 0.82 0.24 1.68 0.61 0.41 0.36 3.00 0.54 0.82 0.18 3.00 0.29 0.41 0.30 3.00 0.42 0.82 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.41 0.24 3.00 0.36 0.97 0.28 not possible 0.41 0.18 3.00 0.20 0.97 0.24 1.25 0.95 0.53 0.42 1.47. 0.72 0.97 0.18 1.66 0.57 0.53 0.36 2.33 0.65 0.97 0.12 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.30 2.80 0.52 0.97 0.06 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.243.00 0.38 0.53 0.183.00 0.24 0.53 0.123.00 0.13 Table 1 Solar panel: Permissible structures alpha = 0.8 Limiting criterion: Tt ~ 120° C Toi ~ 36° C
Ra .alpha. x g R1.perm Ra .alpha. x g R1.perm (m2K)/W (m2K)/W (m2K)/W (m2K)/W
Max Min Max Min 0.23 0.70 3.00 0.54 0.60 0.46 not possible 0.23 0.66 3.00 0.51 0.60 0.40 0.83 0.73 0.23 0.56 3.00 0.44 0.60 0.36 1.62 0.65 0.23 0.48 3.00 0.40 0.60 0.32 2.26 0.58 0.23 0.40 3.00 0.33 0.60 0.26 2.73 0.40 0.23 0.32 3.00 0.25 0.72 0.56 not possible 0.23 0.24 3.00 0.19 0.72 0.48 not possible 0.40 0.64 1.27 0.78 0.72 0.40 0.95 0.82 0.40 0.48 2.10 0.71 0.72 0.32 1.78 0.61 0.40 0.40 3.00 0.60 0.72 0.24 3.00 0.39 0.40 0.32 3.00 0.51 0.72 0.16 3.00 0.13 0.40 0.24 3.00 0.37 0.82 0.56 not possible 0.40 0.24 3.00 0.27 0.82 0.48 not possible 0.40 0.16 3.00 0.13 0.82 0.40 0.85 0.72 0.41 0.58 1.26 0.77 0.82 0.32 1.68 0.51 0.41 0.48 2.92 0.64 0.82 0.24 3.00 0.36 0.41 0.40 3.00 0.50 0.82 0.16 3.00 0.13 0.41 0.32 3.00 0.39 0.97 0.38 not possible 0.41 0.24 3.00 0.22 0.97 0.29 not possible 0.53 0.56 not possible 0.97 0.26 0.95 0.53 0.48 0.80 0.72 0.97 0.24 1.53 0.46 0.53 0.40 2.80 0.58 0.97 0.16 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.32 3.00 0.47 0.97 0.08 3.00 0.13 0.53 0.24 3.00 0.30 0.53 0.16 3.00 0.13 where in the table for alpha equal to 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8, each as a function of Ra (first column) and alpha*g (second column), the permissible maximum value (third column) and minimum value (fourth column) for R1 are compiled, and intermediate values can be easily determined by interpolation.
4. Outside wall construction according to Claim 3, characterized in that the wall construction possesses the values for alpha*g and Ra as well as the R1 value given in the accompanying table (Table 2), which lies in the R1 range given in Table 2 for these values of alpha*g and Ra.
Table 2 E.= individual value Table 2 E. = individual value
Table 2 E.= individual value Table 2 E. = individual value
5. Outside wall construction according to one of Claims 3 or 4, characterized in that with the harmonization with each other of the values Ra, Ri, alpha and alpha*g, the expected highest possible value qsmax of solar irradiation is calculated for each of the cardinal points of the compass that corresponds to the directional orientation of the wall construction.
6. Outside wall construction according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the colour and/or structural design is formed by a coating applied to the boundary surface (6).
7. Outside wall construction according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the colour and/or structural design is formed by a finish applied to the boundary surface (6).
8. Outside wall construction according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the boundary surface (6) on its surface facing the outer thermal insulating layer (5) displays an essentially plain pattern for carrying the colour and/or structural design.
9. Outside wall construction according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the colour design is formed of monochrome or polychrome colour fields or areas.
10. Outside wall construction according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the structural design is formed by a surface with a relief-type configuration.
11. Outside wall construction according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the outside wall shell (1) consists of single-layer glass or of multi-layered insulating glass of different constructions.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19641008.8 | 1996-10-06 | ||
| DE19641008A DE19641008C2 (en) | 1996-10-06 | 1996-10-06 | Exterior wall structure for buildings, especially panels |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2239883A1 true CA2239883A1 (en) | 1998-04-16 |
Family
ID=7807900
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002239883A Abandoned CA2239883A1 (en) | 1996-10-06 | 1997-10-01 | Outside wall construction for buildings, in particular panel |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0834710A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2000502416A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2239883A1 (en) |
| CZ (1) | CZ175698A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19641008C2 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUP9901381A3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL327072A1 (en) |
| SK (1) | SK74898A3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998015786A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10018377B2 (en) | 2009-03-06 | 2018-07-10 | University Of The Ryukyus | Solar light (heat) absorption material and heat absorption/accumulation material and solar light (heat) absorption/control building component using the same |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1180649A1 (en) * | 2000-08-08 | 2002-02-20 | Lothar Dr.-Ing. Siebel | Outdoor-coating to reduce the heat-loss of structural surfaces of buildings, like fair-faced masonry etc |
| DE10154230A1 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2003-05-22 | Wicona Bausysteme Gmbh | External wall structure for buildings has glass element outer wall shell with photovoltaic layer, glass element layer outboard of photovoltaic layer at least partly transparent to solar radiation |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57122244A (en) * | 1981-01-21 | 1982-07-30 | Hitachi Ltd | Solar heat collector |
| DE3120794A1 (en) * | 1981-05-25 | 1982-12-23 | Wilfried 3000 Hannover Rosendahl | Solar collector for heating a fluid |
| DE3427106C1 (en) * | 1984-07-23 | 1985-10-10 | Renate 8261 Pleiskirchen Hettling-Denker | Panel or cuboid, translucent component |
| EP0473859A1 (en) * | 1990-08-27 | 1992-03-11 | Günther Seidel | Wall for radiation absorption and method for absorbing radiations and transferring thermal energy in solar walls |
| DE4317858C2 (en) * | 1993-05-28 | 1996-01-11 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Device for passive solar heating of buildings |
| CZ106196A3 (en) * | 1993-10-13 | 1996-08-14 | Norsk Hydro As | External wall assembly for buildings, particularly a building element in the building wall non-transparent section |
| DE4404567C2 (en) * | 1994-02-12 | 1996-08-22 | Wicona Bausysteme Gmbh | Thermally insulating glass element, in particular for the parapet area of building facades or the like |
| DE19513372A1 (en) * | 1995-04-08 | 1996-10-10 | Wicona Bausysteme Gmbh | Exterior wall construction on buildings, in particular a building wall panel |
| DE19534999A1 (en) * | 1995-09-21 | 1997-04-10 | Wicona Bausysteme Gmbh | Exterior wall structure for buildings, especially panels |
-
1996
- 1996-10-06 DE DE19641008A patent/DE19641008C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-09-13 EP EP97115986A patent/EP0834710A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-10-01 PL PL97327072A patent/PL327072A1/en unknown
- 1997-10-01 CZ CZ981756A patent/CZ175698A3/en unknown
- 1997-10-01 HU HU9901381A patent/HUP9901381A3/en unknown
- 1997-10-01 WO PCT/DE1997/002292 patent/WO1998015786A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-10-01 JP JP10517075A patent/JP2000502416A/en active Pending
- 1997-10-01 SK SK748-98A patent/SK74898A3/en unknown
- 1997-10-01 CA CA002239883A patent/CA2239883A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10018377B2 (en) | 2009-03-06 | 2018-07-10 | University Of The Ryukyus | Solar light (heat) absorption material and heat absorption/accumulation material and solar light (heat) absorption/control building component using the same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HUP9901381A3 (en) | 1999-11-29 |
| JP2000502416A (en) | 2000-02-29 |
| CZ175698A3 (en) | 1998-12-16 |
| SK74898A3 (en) | 1998-12-02 |
| WO1998015786A1 (en) | 1998-04-16 |
| HUP9901381A2 (en) | 1999-08-30 |
| EP0834710A1 (en) | 1998-04-08 |
| DE19641008C2 (en) | 1999-08-19 |
| DE19641008A1 (en) | 1998-04-23 |
| PL327072A1 (en) | 1998-11-23 |
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