CA2237702A1 - Improved cementitious composition - Google Patents
Improved cementitious composition Download PDFInfo
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- CA2237702A1 CA2237702A1 CA002237702A CA2237702A CA2237702A1 CA 2237702 A1 CA2237702 A1 CA 2237702A1 CA 002237702 A CA002237702 A CA 002237702A CA 2237702 A CA2237702 A CA 2237702A CA 2237702 A1 CA2237702 A1 CA 2237702A1
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- admixture
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- cementitious composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/10—Accelerators; Activators
- C04B2103/12—Set accelerators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
A cementitious composition including an admixture and the method of making the same, wherein the admixture comprises aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide which, when mixed with water, is capable of setting into a hard mass with accelerated initial and final set time, early compressive strength and an increased average rate of heat evolution.
Description
IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
PATENT APPLICATION
IMPROVED CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITIONS
A. Background of the Invention 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to improvements in cementitious compositions and in particular the use of an admixture in such compositions. The term "cementitious compositions", as used herein, is intended to mean compositions which set and harden by chemical interaction with water and are capable of doing so under water. These compositions include cementitious waterproofings, toppings, protective coatings, and the like as well as mixtures with aggregates and water such as concrete, mortar, grout and products made therefrom.
PATENT APPLICATION
IMPROVED CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITIONS
A. Background of the Invention 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to improvements in cementitious compositions and in particular the use of an admixture in such compositions. The term "cementitious compositions", as used herein, is intended to mean compositions which set and harden by chemical interaction with water and are capable of doing so under water. These compositions include cementitious waterproofings, toppings, protective coatings, and the like as well as mixtures with aggregates and water such as concrete, mortar, grout and products made therefrom.
2. Description of the Prior Art In the construction industry, and particularly in the repair of concrete structures such as highways and structural walls and platforms, and the filling of voids and holes to form stable underpinnings or foundations for machinery and heavy equipment, there has been a need for cementitious compositions which sets into a hard mass with sufficient early strength to withstand applied stresses and loads and which does so in an accelerated period of time and with an increased rate of heat evolution. There have been numerous attempts in the past to formulate admixtures for cementitious compositions with these characteristics, but such attempts have met with only limited success. The admixtures employed often produced undesirable properties and side effects such as corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete by admixtures containing chloride, insufficient early strength gain, and long-term strength degradation. Most admixtures developed for high alumina cements were ineffective for Portland cements, while admixtures produced for Portland cement were unsatisfactory for high alumina cements.
Examples of prior attempts at producing satisfactory admixtures are described in M. Shimizu, T. Tano, K. Uchida and N. Kitaoka, "Concrete Additive" - Japan Kokai 79 50528, Apr. 20, 1979; Chem Abstr., 91 128011 { 1979) and in V.I. Remiznikova, T.I.
Astrova, V.P.
Schmidt, M.S. Nizamov, V.N. Popko, V.P. Zuey, M.A. Loginov and A.V.
Beinarovich, "Complex Additive for a Cement-Concrete Mixture" - U.S.S.R. 697, 436, Nov. 15, 1979;
Chem Abstr., 92 81279 ( 1980).
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cementitious composition including an admixture which when mixed with water will set within an accelerated period of time into a hard mass of increased early strength.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a cementitious composition including an admixture which when mixed with water will set within an accelerated period of time into a hard mass of increased early strength and which has an increased average rate of heat evolution.
An additional object of the present invention is to provide a cementitious composition including an admixture which when mixed with water will set within an accelerated period of time into a hard mass of increased early strength and which has an increased average rate of heat evolution and includes a plasticizing (water reducing) and defoaming agent.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a cementitious composition including an admixture which when mixed with water will set within an accelerated period of time into a hard mass of increased early strength and which has an increased average rate of heat evolution and includes an air releasing and/or gas generating agent.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a cementitious composition including an admixture which when mixed with water will set within an accelerated period of time into a hard mass of increased early strength and which has an increased average rate of heat evolution and includes an air entraining agent.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a cementitious composition including an admixture which when mixed with water will set within an accelerated period of time into a hard mass of increased early strength and which has an increased average rate of heat evolution and includes a corrosion inhibitor.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a cementitious composition including an admixture which when mixed with water will set within an accelerated period of time into a hard mass of increased early strength and which has an increased average rate of heat evolution and includes a mineral admixture.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The foregoing objects are achieved according to the present invention by the discovery of a novel admixture which consists of a combination of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide in the proportions specified below. In addition to the admixture, the cementitious composition includes sand and water, high alumina cement or portland cement or a combination of both high alumina cement and portland cement. Plasticizing and defoaming
Examples of prior attempts at producing satisfactory admixtures are described in M. Shimizu, T. Tano, K. Uchida and N. Kitaoka, "Concrete Additive" - Japan Kokai 79 50528, Apr. 20, 1979; Chem Abstr., 91 128011 { 1979) and in V.I. Remiznikova, T.I.
Astrova, V.P.
Schmidt, M.S. Nizamov, V.N. Popko, V.P. Zuey, M.A. Loginov and A.V.
Beinarovich, "Complex Additive for a Cement-Concrete Mixture" - U.S.S.R. 697, 436, Nov. 15, 1979;
Chem Abstr., 92 81279 ( 1980).
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a cementitious composition including an admixture which when mixed with water will set within an accelerated period of time into a hard mass of increased early strength.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a cementitious composition including an admixture which when mixed with water will set within an accelerated period of time into a hard mass of increased early strength and which has an increased average rate of heat evolution.
An additional object of the present invention is to provide a cementitious composition including an admixture which when mixed with water will set within an accelerated period of time into a hard mass of increased early strength and which has an increased average rate of heat evolution and includes a plasticizing (water reducing) and defoaming agent.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a cementitious composition including an admixture which when mixed with water will set within an accelerated period of time into a hard mass of increased early strength and which has an increased average rate of heat evolution and includes an air releasing and/or gas generating agent.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a cementitious composition including an admixture which when mixed with water will set within an accelerated period of time into a hard mass of increased early strength and which has an increased average rate of heat evolution and includes an air entraining agent.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a cementitious composition including an admixture which when mixed with water will set within an accelerated period of time into a hard mass of increased early strength and which has an increased average rate of heat evolution and includes a corrosion inhibitor.
A still further object of the present invention is to provide a cementitious composition including an admixture which when mixed with water will set within an accelerated period of time into a hard mass of increased early strength and which has an increased average rate of heat evolution and includes a mineral admixture.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The foregoing objects are achieved according to the present invention by the discovery of a novel admixture which consists of a combination of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide in the proportions specified below. In addition to the admixture, the cementitious composition includes sand and water, high alumina cement or portland cement or a combination of both high alumina cement and portland cement. Plasticizing and defoaming
-3-agents, air releasing and/or gas generating agents, air entraining agents, corrosion inhibitors and mineral admixtures may also be used with the cementitious compositions of the present invention.
The range of the aluminum oxide used in the admixture of the present invention is between 70 and 96%, by weight, of the total admixture, the range of silicon dioxide is between 2 to 15%, by weight, of the total admixture, and the range of zirconium oxide is between 2 to 15%, by weight, of the total admixture.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be further apparent from the following detailed description thereof and the accompanying claims.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment The invention is best illustrated by the following experiments and the results of the experiments set forth in the Tables below. In the following discussion, percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated. In each control specimen and experiment discussed below, the water was mixed with the dry mixture and the data was then recorded. In all the control specimens and experiments, with the exception of experiments 16 and 17, the water content of the composition comprised 20% of the weight of the dry materials.
The Control Specimen for Experiments 1, 2 and 3 The same control specimen was utilized for Experiments 1, 2 and 3. The control specimen consisted of mixing Secar 51 high alumina cement, sold by Lafarge Calcium Aluminates, Inc., with sand and water. The dry mixture of the control specimen included equal parts of Secar 51 high alumina cement and sand.
The range of the aluminum oxide used in the admixture of the present invention is between 70 and 96%, by weight, of the total admixture, the range of silicon dioxide is between 2 to 15%, by weight, of the total admixture, and the range of zirconium oxide is between 2 to 15%, by weight, of the total admixture.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be further apparent from the following detailed description thereof and the accompanying claims.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment The invention is best illustrated by the following experiments and the results of the experiments set forth in the Tables below. In the following discussion, percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated. In each control specimen and experiment discussed below, the water was mixed with the dry mixture and the data was then recorded. In all the control specimens and experiments, with the exception of experiments 16 and 17, the water content of the composition comprised 20% of the weight of the dry materials.
The Control Specimen for Experiments 1, 2 and 3 The same control specimen was utilized for Experiments 1, 2 and 3. The control specimen consisted of mixing Secar 51 high alumina cement, sold by Lafarge Calcium Aluminates, Inc., with sand and water. The dry mixture of the control specimen included equal parts of Secar 51 high alumina cement and sand.
-4-Experiment 1 In Experiment 1, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 47.5% and the admixture in the amount of 2.5% of the total mixture was added. The admixture comprised aluminum oxide, A 1203, in the amount of 2.1 % of the total mixture; silicon dioxide, Si02, in the amount of .22% of the total mixture; zirconium oxide, Zr02, in the amount of .18% of the total mixture. As a percentage of the admixture, the aluminum oxide comprised 84% of the admixture, the silicon dioxide comprised 8.8% of the admixture and the zirconium oxide comprised 7.2% of the admixture. With respect to the results of Experiment l, both the initial and final set time decreased compared to the control specimen, the early (up to one day) compressive strength increased compared to the control specimen, and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
Experiment 2 In Experiment 2, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina remained at 50%
of the dry mixture, however, the sand content was further reduced to 45%. In this experiment, the percentage of the admixture was increased two-fold, from 2.5% to 5%, and each of the components of the admixture, the aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide was also increased two-fold i.e., the aluminum oxide was increased to 4.2%; the silicon dioxide was increased to .44%; and the zirconium oxide was increased to .36%). With respect to Experiment 2, it was noted that the increased admixture of Experiment 2 decreased the initial and final set time as compared to Experiment l and the control specimen; increased the early (up to one day) compressive strength as compared to Experiment 1 and the control specimen; and increased both
Experiment 2 In Experiment 2, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina remained at 50%
of the dry mixture, however, the sand content was further reduced to 45%. In this experiment, the percentage of the admixture was increased two-fold, from 2.5% to 5%, and each of the components of the admixture, the aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide was also increased two-fold i.e., the aluminum oxide was increased to 4.2%; the silicon dioxide was increased to .44%; and the zirconium oxide was increased to .36%). With respect to Experiment 2, it was noted that the increased admixture of Experiment 2 decreased the initial and final set time as compared to Experiment l and the control specimen; increased the early (up to one day) compressive strength as compared to Experiment 1 and the control specimen; and increased both
-5-the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth as compared to Experiment 1 and the control specimen.
Experiment 3 In Experiment 3, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina remained at 50%
of the dry mixture and the sand content of the dry mixture was reduced to 40%.
The admixture was increased two-fold from Experiment 2, to 10% of the dry mixture, and the amount of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, zirconium oxide also increased two-fold from Experiment 2 i.e., the aluminum oxide was increased to 8.4%; the silicon dioxide was increased to .88%; and the zirconium oxide was increased to .72%). The increased amount of admixture included in the mixture of Experiment 3 further decreased the initial and final set time as compared to the prior experiments; increased the early (up to one day) compressive strengths as compared to the prior experiments and further increased the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth as compared to the prior experiments.
Experiment 4 A further control specimen, similar to the earlier control specimen for Experiments 1 to 3 was conducted with respect to Experiment 4. This further control specimen substituted Fondu high alumina cement, sold by Lafarge Calcium Aluminates, Inc., for the Secar 51 high alumina cement. In all other respects the control specimen for Experiment 4 was the same as the control specimen for Experiments 1, 2 and 3. In Experiment 4, the percentage of the Fondu high alumina cement remained at 50% of the dry mixture, but the sand content was reduced from 50%, as in the control specimen, to 40%. The same admixture as in Experiment 3, namely 8.4% of aluminum oxide; .88% of silicon oxide and .72% of zirconium oxide, was added. With
Experiment 3 In Experiment 3, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina remained at 50%
of the dry mixture and the sand content of the dry mixture was reduced to 40%.
The admixture was increased two-fold from Experiment 2, to 10% of the dry mixture, and the amount of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, zirconium oxide also increased two-fold from Experiment 2 i.e., the aluminum oxide was increased to 8.4%; the silicon dioxide was increased to .88%; and the zirconium oxide was increased to .72%). The increased amount of admixture included in the mixture of Experiment 3 further decreased the initial and final set time as compared to the prior experiments; increased the early (up to one day) compressive strengths as compared to the prior experiments and further increased the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth as compared to the prior experiments.
Experiment 4 A further control specimen, similar to the earlier control specimen for Experiments 1 to 3 was conducted with respect to Experiment 4. This further control specimen substituted Fondu high alumina cement, sold by Lafarge Calcium Aluminates, Inc., for the Secar 51 high alumina cement. In all other respects the control specimen for Experiment 4 was the same as the control specimen for Experiments 1, 2 and 3. In Experiment 4, the percentage of the Fondu high alumina cement remained at 50% of the dry mixture, but the sand content was reduced from 50%, as in the control specimen, to 40%. The same admixture as in Experiment 3, namely 8.4% of aluminum oxide; .88% of silicon oxide and .72% of zirconium oxide, was added. With
-6-respect to Experiment 4, both the initial and final set times decreased as compared to its corresponding control specimen; the early (up to one day} compressive strength increased as compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased as compared to the control specimen. It was noted that the compressive strength at six hours for both Experiment 4 and the control specimen were the same. A possible explanation is that the admixture's accelerating effect occurs earlier on the Fondu HAC than on the other cements. It may also be the case that the test results fall within the 10% error of experiments typical for cementitious materials.
Experiment 5 Another control specimen, similar to the earlier control specimens, was conducted with respect to Experiment 5. In this experiment, Lumnite high alumina cement, sold by Lehigh Portland Cement Company, was substituted for the Secar 51 high alumina cement and the Fondu high alumina cement of the prior control specimen. The control specimen for Experiment 5 was the same as the earlier control specimens in all other respects.
In Experiment 5, the percentage of Lumnite high alumina cement remained at 50%
of the dry mixture, but the sand content was reduced from 50%, as in the control specimen, to 40%. The same admixture as in Experiments 3, 4 and 5, namely 8.4% of aluminum oxide; .88%
of silicon oxide and .72% of zirconium oxide, was added. With respect to Experiment 5, both the initial and final set times decreased as compared to its corresponding control specimen; the early (up to one day) compressive strength increased as compared to the control specimen, and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased as compared to the control specimen.
The following Table 1 includes the quantitative results of Experiments 1 to 5.
Experiment No. 1 2 3 4 5 Ingredients, %
Properties Control Control Control -Secar 51 HAC 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0- - - -Fondu HAC - - - - 50.0 50.0- -Lumnite HAC - - - - - - 50.0 50.0 ASZ admixture) total- 2.5 5.0 10.0- 10.0- 10.0 including A1203 - 2.1 4.2 8.4 - 8.4 - 8.4 Si02 - 0.22 0.44 0.88- 0.88- 0.88 Zr02 - 0.18 0.36 0.72- 0.72- 0.72 Sand 50.0 47.5 45.0 40.050.0 40.050.0 40.0 Mixing water, %
by weight of d_nr batch 20%
FOR
ALL
MIXES
Set time, min.
Initial 279 221 166 128 193 145 330 159 Final 336 260 180 150 235 170 375 194 Compressive Strength, psi 3 hrs. - - 200 3000- _ _ _ 4 hrs. - - 1350 5875- 3900- 2850 2S 5 hrs. - 2400 4800 60754100 4750- 4300 6 hrs. 650 5800 6050 61755350 5350- 4550 1 day 8175 8660 8710 90606875 72007100 7375 Exotherm peak Temperature, F 218 232 240 247 221 241 209 214 Time, min. 462 362 314 223 310 215 469 338 Average rate of temperature's rowth F/min. 0.31 0.44 0.54 0.780.48 0.790.29 0.42 Experiment 6 The control specimen for Experiment 6 was similar to the previous control specimens but substituted portland gray cement, type II, sold by Lehigh Portland Cement Company, for the cements of the previous control specimens. The portland gray cement comprised 50% of the dry mixture and the sand comprised 50% of the dry mixture. "Portland _g_ cement", as used herein, includes those cements normally understood in the art to be "portland cements", as described in the designation ASTM C 150.
In Experiment 6, the percentage of the portland cement, type II, remained the same at 50% of the dry mixture, but the sand content was reduced to 40% of the dry mixture. The admixture comprising 10% of the dry mixture was added. The admixture formulation was the same as in Experiments 3, 4 and 5, namely aluminum oxide in the amount of 8.4%
of the total mixture; silicon dioxide in the amount of .88% of the total mixture; zirconium oxide in the amount of .72% of the total mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 6, both the initial and final set time decreased compared to the control specimen, the compressive strength (up to one day) increased compared to the control specimen, and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
Experiment 7 The control specimen for Experiment 7 was identical to the control specimen for Experiment 6, and Experiment 7 was identical to Experiment 6, with the exception that in both the control specimen and Experiment 7, portland cement, type III, sold by Lehigh Portland Cement Company, replaced the portland cement, type II of Experiment 6. With respect to the results of Experiment 7, both the initial and final set time decreased with respect to the control specimen, the compressive strength at 5, 6, 7 and 8 hours increased, and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
The following Table 2 includes the quantitative results of Experiments 6 and
Experiment 5 Another control specimen, similar to the earlier control specimens, was conducted with respect to Experiment 5. In this experiment, Lumnite high alumina cement, sold by Lehigh Portland Cement Company, was substituted for the Secar 51 high alumina cement and the Fondu high alumina cement of the prior control specimen. The control specimen for Experiment 5 was the same as the earlier control specimens in all other respects.
In Experiment 5, the percentage of Lumnite high alumina cement remained at 50%
of the dry mixture, but the sand content was reduced from 50%, as in the control specimen, to 40%. The same admixture as in Experiments 3, 4 and 5, namely 8.4% of aluminum oxide; .88%
of silicon oxide and .72% of zirconium oxide, was added. With respect to Experiment 5, both the initial and final set times decreased as compared to its corresponding control specimen; the early (up to one day) compressive strength increased as compared to the control specimen, and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased as compared to the control specimen.
The following Table 1 includes the quantitative results of Experiments 1 to 5.
Experiment No. 1 2 3 4 5 Ingredients, %
Properties Control Control Control -Secar 51 HAC 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0- - - -Fondu HAC - - - - 50.0 50.0- -Lumnite HAC - - - - - - 50.0 50.0 ASZ admixture) total- 2.5 5.0 10.0- 10.0- 10.0 including A1203 - 2.1 4.2 8.4 - 8.4 - 8.4 Si02 - 0.22 0.44 0.88- 0.88- 0.88 Zr02 - 0.18 0.36 0.72- 0.72- 0.72 Sand 50.0 47.5 45.0 40.050.0 40.050.0 40.0 Mixing water, %
by weight of d_nr batch 20%
FOR
ALL
MIXES
Set time, min.
Initial 279 221 166 128 193 145 330 159 Final 336 260 180 150 235 170 375 194 Compressive Strength, psi 3 hrs. - - 200 3000- _ _ _ 4 hrs. - - 1350 5875- 3900- 2850 2S 5 hrs. - 2400 4800 60754100 4750- 4300 6 hrs. 650 5800 6050 61755350 5350- 4550 1 day 8175 8660 8710 90606875 72007100 7375 Exotherm peak Temperature, F 218 232 240 247 221 241 209 214 Time, min. 462 362 314 223 310 215 469 338 Average rate of temperature's rowth F/min. 0.31 0.44 0.54 0.780.48 0.790.29 0.42 Experiment 6 The control specimen for Experiment 6 was similar to the previous control specimens but substituted portland gray cement, type II, sold by Lehigh Portland Cement Company, for the cements of the previous control specimens. The portland gray cement comprised 50% of the dry mixture and the sand comprised 50% of the dry mixture. "Portland _g_ cement", as used herein, includes those cements normally understood in the art to be "portland cements", as described in the designation ASTM C 150.
In Experiment 6, the percentage of the portland cement, type II, remained the same at 50% of the dry mixture, but the sand content was reduced to 40% of the dry mixture. The admixture comprising 10% of the dry mixture was added. The admixture formulation was the same as in Experiments 3, 4 and 5, namely aluminum oxide in the amount of 8.4%
of the total mixture; silicon dioxide in the amount of .88% of the total mixture; zirconium oxide in the amount of .72% of the total mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 6, both the initial and final set time decreased compared to the control specimen, the compressive strength (up to one day) increased compared to the control specimen, and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
Experiment 7 The control specimen for Experiment 7 was identical to the control specimen for Experiment 6, and Experiment 7 was identical to Experiment 6, with the exception that in both the control specimen and Experiment 7, portland cement, type III, sold by Lehigh Portland Cement Company, replaced the portland cement, type II of Experiment 6. With respect to the results of Experiment 7, both the initial and final set time decreased with respect to the control specimen, the compressive strength at 5, 6, 7 and 8 hours increased, and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
The following Table 2 includes the quantitative results of Experiments 6 and
7.
Ex riment No.
Ingredients, %
Pro rties Control Control Portland cement T-II 50.0 50.0 - -(Lehigh, gray) Portland cement T-III 50.0 50.0 (L,ehigh, white) ASZ-admixture, total - 10.0 - 10.0 including:
A1z03 - 8.4 - 8.4 Si02 - 0.88 - 0.88 Zr02 - 0.72 - 0.72 Sand 50.0 40.0 50.0 40.0 Mixing water % by weight of dry batch 20%
FOR
ALL
MIXES
Set time, min ~i0~ 205 191 147 120 Final 355 271 202 175 Compressive strength) psi 5 hrs. - - -6 hrs. - 175 225 625 7 ~.s, 100-125 275 500 1125
Ex riment No.
Ingredients, %
Pro rties Control Control Portland cement T-II 50.0 50.0 - -(Lehigh, gray) Portland cement T-III 50.0 50.0 (L,ehigh, white) ASZ-admixture, total - 10.0 - 10.0 including:
A1z03 - 8.4 - 8.4 Si02 - 0.88 - 0.88 Zr02 - 0.72 - 0.72 Sand 50.0 40.0 50.0 40.0 Mixing water % by weight of dry batch 20%
FOR
ALL
MIXES
Set time, min ~i0~ 205 191 147 120 Final 355 271 202 175 Compressive strength) psi 5 hrs. - - -6 hrs. - 175 225 625 7 ~.s, 100-125 275 500 1125
8 hrs. 200 425 725 1950 1 da 3500 4000 4550 5750 Ezotherm peak Temperature, F 113 130 151 164 Time, min. 570 480 438 346 Average rate of temperature's rowth F/min. 0.07 0.12 0.18 0.28 Experiment 8 The control specimen for Experiment 8 consisted of mixing Secar 51 high alumina cement in the amount of 37.5% of the dry mix, portland gray cement, type II, in the amount of 12.5% of the dry mix and sand in the amount of 50% of the dry mix. In Experiment 8, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement and the portland cement, type II remained the same as the control specimen but the sand content was reduced to 45% and replaced by the admixture in the same percentages as Experiment 2, namely aluminum oxide in the amount of 4.2% of the dry mixture; silicon dioxide in the amount of .44% of the dry mixture; zirconium oxide in the amount of .36% of the dry mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 8, both the initial and final set time decreased compared to the control specimen, the compressive strength at 2, 3 and 6 hours increased compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
Experiment 9 The control specimen for Experiment 9 was the same as the control specimen for Experiment 8. In Experiment 9, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement and the portland cement, type II remained the same as the control specimen but the sand content was reduced to 40%, and replaced by the admixture comprising aluminum oxide in the amount of 8.4% of the dry mixture; silicon dioxide in the amount of .88% of the dry mixture; zirconium oxide in the amount of .72% of the dry mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 9, both the initial and final set time decreased with respect to the control specimen, the compressive strength at 2, 3 and 6 hours increased compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
The following Table 3 includes the quantitative results of Experiments 8 and
Experiment 9 The control specimen for Experiment 9 was the same as the control specimen for Experiment 8. In Experiment 9, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement and the portland cement, type II remained the same as the control specimen but the sand content was reduced to 40%, and replaced by the admixture comprising aluminum oxide in the amount of 8.4% of the dry mixture; silicon dioxide in the amount of .88% of the dry mixture; zirconium oxide in the amount of .72% of the dry mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 9, both the initial and final set time decreased with respect to the control specimen, the compressive strength at 2, 3 and 6 hours increased compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
The following Table 3 includes the quantitative results of Experiments 8 and
9.
Experiment $ Ingredients, %
Properties Control Secar $1 I-iAC 37.5 37.$ 37.$
Portland T-II 12.$ 12.5 12.5 ASZ-admixture, total including: - 5.0 10.0 A 1203 - 4.2 8.4 Si02 - 0.44 0.88 ZrOz - 0.36 0.72 1$ Sand $0.0 4$.0 40.0 Mixing water) % by weight of dry batch 20k FOR ALL MIXES
Set time) min.
Initial 127 82 71 Final 150 87 81 Compressive strength, psi 2 hrs. - 950 1650 3 hrs. 800 3900 4000 6 hrs. 4$$0 4675 $150 2$ Exotherm peak Temperature, F 220 221 223 Time, min. 230 164 171 Average rate of temperature's growth Flmin 0.64 0.91 0.88 Experiments 10 through 15 - In General Experiments 10 through 1$ were designed to determine the limits of each of the compounds used in the admixture. Thus, the aluminum oxide, the silicon dioxide, and the zirconium oxide were each tested separately in a cementitious compound comprising Secar $1 3$ high alumina cement, sand and water. The same control specimen was utilized for Experiments
Experiment $ Ingredients, %
Properties Control Secar $1 I-iAC 37.5 37.$ 37.$
Portland T-II 12.$ 12.5 12.5 ASZ-admixture, total including: - 5.0 10.0 A 1203 - 4.2 8.4 Si02 - 0.44 0.88 ZrOz - 0.36 0.72 1$ Sand $0.0 4$.0 40.0 Mixing water) % by weight of dry batch 20k FOR ALL MIXES
Set time) min.
Initial 127 82 71 Final 150 87 81 Compressive strength, psi 2 hrs. - 950 1650 3 hrs. 800 3900 4000 6 hrs. 4$$0 4675 $150 2$ Exotherm peak Temperature, F 220 221 223 Time, min. 230 164 171 Average rate of temperature's growth Flmin 0.64 0.91 0.88 Experiments 10 through 15 - In General Experiments 10 through 1$ were designed to determine the limits of each of the compounds used in the admixture. Thus, the aluminum oxide, the silicon dioxide, and the zirconium oxide were each tested separately in a cementitious compound comprising Secar $1 3$ high alumina cement, sand and water. The same control specimen was utilized for Experiments
10 through 1$. The control specimen comprised a mixture of Secar $1 high alumina cement with sand. The dry mixture of the control specimen included equal parts of Secar $1 high alumina cement and sand. The water content of the composition comprised 20% of the weight of the dry materials.
Experiment 10 In Experiment 10, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 46.5% and aluminum oxide in the amount of 3.5% of the total mixture was added. The amount of aluminum oxide, 3.5% of the total mixture, was selected on the assumption that the total admixture (containing aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide) would comprise 5%
of the total dry mix, and that the aluminum oxide portion of the admixture would be 70%. Thus, the aluminum oxide would be 70% of the 5% total dry mix or 3.5%. Neither silicon dioxide nor zirconium oxide was added to the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 10, both the initial and final set time decreased compared to the control specimen, the early (up to one day) and seven day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
Experiment 11 In Experiment 11, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 40.4% and aluminum oxide in the amount of 9.6% of the total mixture was added. The amount of aluminum oxide, 9.6% of the total mixture, was selected on the assumption that the total admixture (containing aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide) would comprise 10% of the total dry mix, and that the aluminum oxide portion of the admixture would be 96%.
Thus, the aluminum oxide would be 9.6% of the total dry mix. Neither silicon dioxide nor zirconium oxide was added to the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 11, both the initial and final set time decreased compared to the control specimen and to Experiment 10, the early (up to one day) and seven day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen and to Experiment 10. The compressive strength of Experiment 11 compared to Experiment 10 increased at four and six hours, but decreased at five, seven and eight hours and one and seven days.
Experiment 12 In Experiment 12, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 49.9% and silicon dioxide in the amount of .1 % of the total mixture was added. The amount of silicon dioxide, ,1 % of the total mixture, was selected on the assumption that the total admixture (containing aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide) would comprise 5% of the total dry mix, and that the silicon dioxide portion of the admixture would be 2%. Thus, the silicon dioxide would be 2% of the 5% total dry mix or .1%. Neither aluminum oxide nor zirconium oxide was added to the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 12, both the initial and final set time decreased compared to the control specimen, but increased compared to Experiments 10 and 11, the early {up to one day) and seven day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen, but decreased compared to Experiments 10 and 11 and the exotherm peak decreased compared to the control specimen and to Experiments 10 and
Experiment 10 In Experiment 10, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 46.5% and aluminum oxide in the amount of 3.5% of the total mixture was added. The amount of aluminum oxide, 3.5% of the total mixture, was selected on the assumption that the total admixture (containing aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide) would comprise 5%
of the total dry mix, and that the aluminum oxide portion of the admixture would be 70%. Thus, the aluminum oxide would be 70% of the 5% total dry mix or 3.5%. Neither silicon dioxide nor zirconium oxide was added to the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 10, both the initial and final set time decreased compared to the control specimen, the early (up to one day) and seven day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
Experiment 11 In Experiment 11, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 40.4% and aluminum oxide in the amount of 9.6% of the total mixture was added. The amount of aluminum oxide, 9.6% of the total mixture, was selected on the assumption that the total admixture (containing aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide) would comprise 10% of the total dry mix, and that the aluminum oxide portion of the admixture would be 96%.
Thus, the aluminum oxide would be 9.6% of the total dry mix. Neither silicon dioxide nor zirconium oxide was added to the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 11, both the initial and final set time decreased compared to the control specimen and to Experiment 10, the early (up to one day) and seven day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen and to Experiment 10. The compressive strength of Experiment 11 compared to Experiment 10 increased at four and six hours, but decreased at five, seven and eight hours and one and seven days.
Experiment 12 In Experiment 12, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 49.9% and silicon dioxide in the amount of .1 % of the total mixture was added. The amount of silicon dioxide, ,1 % of the total mixture, was selected on the assumption that the total admixture (containing aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide) would comprise 5% of the total dry mix, and that the silicon dioxide portion of the admixture would be 2%. Thus, the silicon dioxide would be 2% of the 5% total dry mix or .1%. Neither aluminum oxide nor zirconium oxide was added to the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 12, both the initial and final set time decreased compared to the control specimen, but increased compared to Experiments 10 and 11, the early {up to one day) and seven day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen, but decreased compared to Experiments 10 and 11 and the exotherm peak decreased compared to the control specimen and to Experiments 10 and
11. The average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen, but decreased compared to Experiments 10 and 11.
Experiment 13 In Experiment 13, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 48.5% and silicon dioxide in the amount of 1.5% of the total mixture was added. The amount of silicon dioxide, 1.5% of the total mixture, was selected on the assumption that the total admixture (containing aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide) would comprise 10% of the total dry mix, and that the silicon dioxide portion of the admixture would be 15%. Thus, the silicon dioxide would be 15% of the 10% total dry mix or 1.5%. Neither aluminum oxide nor zirconium oxide was added to the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 13, the initial set time decreased with respect to the control specimen and with respect to Experiments 10 through 12. The final set time decreased with respect to the control specimen and Experiments 10 and 12 but increased with respect to Experiment 11. The compressive strength at four hours increased with respect to Experiments 10 and 11; at five hours increased with respect to Experiments 10 and 11; at seven hours increased with respect to the control specimen and Experiment 12 but decreased with respect to Experiments 10 and 11; at eight hours increased with respect to the control specimen and Experiment 12 but decreased with respect to Experiment 10 and 11; at one day increased with respect to the control specimen and Experiment 12 but decreased with respect to Experiments 10 and 11; and at seven days increased with respect to the control specimen and Experiment 12 and decreased with respect to Experiments 10 and 11. The exotherm peak increased with respect to the control specimen and Experiment 12 and decreased with respect to Experiments 10 and 11. The average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen and with respect to Experiments 10 through
Experiment 13 In Experiment 13, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 48.5% and silicon dioxide in the amount of 1.5% of the total mixture was added. The amount of silicon dioxide, 1.5% of the total mixture, was selected on the assumption that the total admixture (containing aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide) would comprise 10% of the total dry mix, and that the silicon dioxide portion of the admixture would be 15%. Thus, the silicon dioxide would be 15% of the 10% total dry mix or 1.5%. Neither aluminum oxide nor zirconium oxide was added to the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 13, the initial set time decreased with respect to the control specimen and with respect to Experiments 10 through 12. The final set time decreased with respect to the control specimen and Experiments 10 and 12 but increased with respect to Experiment 11. The compressive strength at four hours increased with respect to Experiments 10 and 11; at five hours increased with respect to Experiments 10 and 11; at seven hours increased with respect to the control specimen and Experiment 12 but decreased with respect to Experiments 10 and 11; at eight hours increased with respect to the control specimen and Experiment 12 but decreased with respect to Experiment 10 and 11; at one day increased with respect to the control specimen and Experiment 12 but decreased with respect to Experiments 10 and 11; and at seven days increased with respect to the control specimen and Experiment 12 and decreased with respect to Experiments 10 and 11. The exotherm peak increased with respect to the control specimen and Experiment 12 and decreased with respect to Experiments 10 and 11. The average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen and with respect to Experiments 10 through
12.
Experiment 14 In Experiment 14, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 49.9% and zirconium oxide in the amount of .1 % of the total mixture was added. The amount of zirconium oxide, .1 % of the total mixture, was selected on the assumption that the total admixture (containing aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide) would comprise 5% of the total dry mix, and that the zirconium oxide portion of the admixture would be 2%. Thus, the zirconium oxide would be 2% of the 5% total dry mix or .1 %. Neither aluminum oxide nor silicon dioxide was added to the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 14, the initial set time was the same as the control specimen and the final set time was virtually the same as the control specimen. The early (up to one day) compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen and Experiment 12 but decreased compared to Experiments 10, 11 and 13.
The seven day compressive strength increased compared to the control specimen and Experiment 12 but decreased compared to Experiments 10, 11 and 13. The exotherm peak temperature increased compared to the control specimen and Experiment 12 and decreased compared to Experiments 10, 11 and 13. The average rate of temperature growth increased with respect to the control specimen, remained the same with respect to Experiment 12, and decreased compared to Experiments 10, 11 and 13.
Experiment 15 In Experiment 15, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 48.5% and zirconium oxide in the amount of 1.5% of the total mixture was added. The amount of zirconium oxide, 1.5% of the total mixture, was selected on the assumption that the total admixture (containing aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide) would comprise 10% of the total dry mix, and that the zirconium oxide portion of the admixture would be 15%.
Thus, the zirconium oxide would be 15% of the 10% total dry mix or 1.5%.
Neither aluminum oxide nor silicon dioxide was added to the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 15, the initial set time was less than the control specimen and Experiment 14, but greater than Experiments 10 through 13. The final set time was less than the control specimen and Experiment 14, but greater than Experiments 10 through 13. The compressive strength for seven and eight hours increased compared to the control specimen and Experiment 14 but decreased compared to Experiments 10 through 13. The compressive strength for one day increased compared to the control specimen and Experiments 12 and 14 but decreased with respect to Experiments 10, 11 and 13. The compressive strength for seven days increased compared to the control specimen and Experiment 12, was the same as Experiment 14 and decreased compared to Experiments 10, 11 and 13. The exotherm peak temperature increased compared to the control specimen and Experiments 12 and 14 and decreased compared to Experiments 10, 11 and 13.
The average rate of temperature growth increased with respect to the control specimen, Experiments 12 and 14 and decreased compared to Experiments 10, 11 and 13.
The following Table 4 sets forth the results of Experiments 10 through 15.
When the amount of admixture was lower than that of Experiments 10 through 15, the accelerating effect was insignificant or absent. At higher amounts of admixture, other unacceptable properties were present (e.~., the material was too stiff to be compacted properly).
Experiment No. 10 I1 12 13 14 15 Ingredients, k properties Control HAC (Secar 51) 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 A1203 - 3.5 9.6 - - - -Si02 - - - 0.1 1.5 - -zro2 - - - - - o.l l.s Sand 50.0 46.5 40.4 49.9 48.5 49.9 48.5 Mixing water, %
by wgt. of dry 20%
batch FOR
ALL
MIXES
Set time, minutes Initial 312 169 144 277 141 312 285 Final 357 192 169 320 173 356 332 Compressive strength, psi 3 Hrs. - - 350 - _ _ _ 4 Hrs. - 825 1950 - 3500 - -5 Hrs. - 5725 5650 - 6400 - -2S 6 Hrs. - 7525 7575 - 6600 - -7 Hrs. 125 8050 7900 1350 7100 175 800 8 Hrs. 1100 8125 8100 5010 7150 1200 4850 1 Day 6325 8475 8250 6800 8000 6850 7050 7 Days 8350 10650 105508450 9800 8550 8550 Exotherm peak temperature, 218 241 243 213 232 222 226 F
time, minutes 513 339 371 463 293 486 450 Average rate of temperature's growth, F/min. 0.29 0.50 0.47 0.31 0.55 0.31 0.35 Experiments lb and 17 - In General Experiments 16 and 17 were designed to determine the effect of certain plasticizing agents on the cementitious composition. The plasticizing agents were Lomar DF, which includes a defoamer, and is sold by Henkel Corp., and MCG SC9, which is sold by Morristown Chemical Group. The plasticizing agents may include naphthalene sulfonate based compounds, melamine sulfonate based compounds and ligmosulphonate based compounds.
Experiment 16 The control specimen comprised a mixture of Secar 51 high alumina cement with sand. The dry mixture of the control specimen included 50% of Secar 51 high alumina cement, 49.9% of sand and 0.1% of MCG-SC9. The water content of the composition comprised 1b.5%
of the weight of the dry materials.
In Experiment 16, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e. 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 44.9% and MCG-SC9 in the amount of .1 % of the total mixture was added. The amount of water was increased to 18.75% of the weight of the dry material. Admixture in the amount of 4.15% of aluminum oxide, .425% of silicon dioxide and .425% of zirconium oxide was included in the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 16, the final set time was reduced compared to the control specimen (because of the previously noted retardation effect of the plasticizing agent, the initial set time was not tested, nor was compressive strength at six or eight hours).
The one day and seven day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
Ex~,eriment 17 The control specimen comprised a mixture of portland cement, type II, sold by Lehigh Portland Cement Company, with sand. The dry mixture of the control specimen included 50% of such cement, 49.8% of sand and .2% of Lomar DF. The water content of the composition comprised 18.25% of the weight of the dry materials.
In Experiment 17, the percentage of the Lehigh type II cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 44.8% and Lomar DF in the amount of .2% of the total mixture was added. Admixture in the amount of 4.15% of aluminum oxide, .425% of silicon dioxide and .425% of zirconium oxide was included in the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 17, both the initial and final set times were reduced compared to the control specimen. The eight hours, one day and seven day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen. The results of Experiments 16 and 17 are shown in Table 5.
Experiment No. 16 17 Ingredient, °lo $ Properties Control Control HAC (Secar 51) 50.0 50.0 Portland (Lehigh - - 50.0 50.0 T-In ASZ - admixture total - 5.0 - 5.0 including A1z03 - 4.15 - 4.15 Si02 - 0.425 - 0.425 Zr02 - 0.425 - 0.425 water-reducers 1S Lomar DF - - 0.2 0.2 MCG-SC9 0.1 0.1 - -Sand 49.9 44.9 49.8 44.8 Mixing water 16.5 18.75 18.25 18.75 Set time Initial - - 247 204 Final 887 819 367 340 Compressive strength, psi 6 Hrs. - - - -g mss. - - 250 600 1 Day 3000 10800 4500 4925 7 Davs 6925 12700 7100 7725 Exotherm peak Temperature F 128 153 120 131 Time, minutes 3175 1495 520 417 Avg. rate of temperature's growth) F/minutes 0.02 0.06 0.09 0.14 Experiments 18 and 19 - In General Experiments 18 and 19 were designed to determine the effect on the cementitious composition of the presence of certain air releasing and/or gas generating agents. The air releasing agent was fluidized coke sold by Five Star Products, Inc. under the trademark "PLA"
(hereinafter "PLA") and the gas generating agent was azodicarbonamide sold by Uniroyal Chemical under the trademark "AZ-130" (hereinafter "AZ-130"). The water content of Experiments 18 and 19, and their respective control specimen was 20% of the weight of the dry mixture.
Experiment 18 The control specimen comprised a mixture of Secar 51 high alumina cement with sand. The dry mixture of the control specimen included 50% of Secar 51 high alumina cement, 47% sand and 3% of PLA.
In Experiment 18, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 42% and PLA
in the amount of 3% of the total mixture was included. Admixture in the amount of 4.15% of aluminum oxide, .425% of silicon dioxide and .425% of zirconium oxide was included in the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 18, the initial and final set times were reduced compared to the control specimen. In the plastic state, the volume change of the composition was less than the volume change of the control specimen. The seven hours, eight hour and one day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
Experiment 19 The control specimen comprised a mixture of Secar 51 high alumina cement with sand. The dry mixture of the control specimen included 50% of Secar 51 high alumina cement and 49.99% sand and .Ol % of AZ-130.
In Experiment 19, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 44.99% and AZ-130 in the amount of .O1 % of the total mixture was included. Admixture in the amount of 4.15% of aluminum oxide, .425% of silicon dioxide and .425% of zirconium oxide was included in the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 19, the initial and final set times was reduced compared to the control specimen. In the plastic state, the volume change of the composition was less than the volume change of the control specimen. The one day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen, and both the exotherm peak and the average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
The following Table 6 sets forth the results of Experiments 18 and 19.
Experiment No. 18 19 Ingredient, %
Properties Control Control HAC (Secar 51) 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 ASZ - admixture total - 5.0 - 5.0 including A1203 - 4.15 - 4.15 Si02 - 0.425 - 0.425 Zr02 - 0.425 - 0.425 PLA 3.0 3.0 - -AZ-130 - - 0.01 0.01 Sand 47.0 42.0 49.99 44.99 2S Mixing Water, % 20% FOR ALL MIXES
Set time, minutes Initial 326 197 363 260 Final 369 220 422 275 Volume changes in plastic+1.78 +1.65 +0.03 +0.025 state, %
Compressive strength) psi 4 Hrs. - 425 - _ 5 Hrs. - 4100 - 500 6 Hrs. - 5400 - 2250 3S 7 Hrs. 5000 6225 - 5200 8 Hrs. 5200 6625 5300 -1 Day 6250 7875 6600 8075 Exotherm peak:
Temperature, F 225 246 230 248 Time, minutes 465 368 480 385 Avg. rate of temperature's growth, F/minutes 0.33 0.47 0.33 0.46 Experiment 20 Experiment 20 was designed to determine the effect on the cementitious composition of an air-entraining agent, vinsol resin (hereinafter "NVX").
The control specimen comprised a mixture of Secar 51 high alumina cement with sand. The dry mixture of the control specimen included 50% of Secar high alumina cement and 49.99% sand and .01 % of NVX. The water content of Experiment 20 was 20% of the weight of the dry mixture.
In Experiment 20, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 44.99% and NVX in the amount of .01 % of the total mixture was included. Admixture in the amount of 4.15% of aluminum oxide, .425% of silicon dioxide and .425% of zirconium oxide was included in the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 20, the initial and final set times were reduced compared to the control specimen. The seven hours, eight hours and one day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen, the exotherm peak remained the same as the control specimen and the average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen. The results of Experiment 20 are shown in Table 7.
Experiment No.
Ingredients, %
properties Control I-IAC (Secar 51) 50.0 50.0 ASZ-admixture total - 5.0 including A1203 - 4.15 Si02 - 0.425 ZROZ - 0.425 0.01 0.01 Sand 49.99 44.99 Mixing Water, % 20.0 Set time, minutes ~id~ 290 211 Final 345 241 Compressive strength, psi 4 Hrs. - -5 Hrs. - 1975 6 Hrs. 300 3650 7 Hrs. 2900 5025 g ~.s_ 4350 5275 1 Day 5975 6800 Exotherm peak Temperature, F 222 222 Time, minutes 636 443 Avg. rate of temperature's growth, F/minutes 0.24 0.33 Experiment 21 Experiment 21 was designed to determine the effect on the cementitious composition of a corrosion inhibitor NaN02.
The control specimen comprised a mixture of portland cement, type II with sand.
The dry mixture of the control specimen included 50% of such cement and 49.0°lo sand and 1 °lo of NaN02. The water content of Experiment 20 was 20% of the weight of the dry mixture.
In Experiment 21, the percentage of the portland cement, type II remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 44% and NaNOz in the amount of 1 % of the total mixture was included. Admixture in the amount of 4.15% of aluminum oxide, .425% of silicon dioxide and .425% of zirconium oxide was included in the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 21, the initial and final set times were reduced compared to the control specimen. The six hours, seven hours, eight hours and one day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen, and both the exotherm peak and the average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen. The results of Experiment 21 are shown in Table 8.
Experiment No. 21 Ingredients, °k Properties Control Portland) T-II 50.0 50.0 ASZ-admixture total - 5.0 including A1203 - 4.15 Si02 - 0.425 2~ Zr02 - 0.425 NaN02 1.0 1.0 Sand 49.0 44.0 Mixing water, % 20.0 Set time, minutes Initial 228 224 Final 324 303 Compressive strength) psi 6 Hrs. 125 125 7 Hrs. 250 275 8 Hrs. 4~ S~
1 Dav 3350 4000 Exotherm peak Temperature, F 118 122 Time, minutes 533 503 Avg. rate of temperature's growth, F/minutes 0.08 0.1 Experiment 22 Experiment 22 was designed to determine the effect on the cementitious composition of the presence of a mineral admixture, class C fly ash.
The control specimen comprised a mixture of portland cement, type II with sand.
The dry mixture of the control specimen included 40% of cement, 50% of sand and 10% of fly ash Class C. The water content of the control specimen and Experiment 22 comprised 20% of the weight of the dry materials.
In Experiment 22, the percentage of the portland cement, type II remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 40%; however, the sand content was reduced to 40% and fly ash Class C in the amount of 10% of the total mixture was added. Admixture in the amount of 8.3% of aluminum oxide, .85% of silicon dioxide and .85% of zirconium oxide was included in the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 22, the initial and final set times were reduced compared to the control specimen. The eight hour, twelve hour and one day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
The results of Experiment are shown in Table 9.
Experiment No. 22 Ingredients, ~
Properties Control Portland T-II 40.0 40.0 Fly ash Class C 10.0 10.0 ASZ-admixture total - 10.0 including A1203 - 8.3 Si02 - 0.85 Zr02 - 0.85 Sand 50.0 40.0 1S Mixing water, % 20.0 Set time, minutes Initial 334 235 Final 432 325 Compressive strength, psi 6 Hrs. -8 Hrs. 50 175 12 Hrs. 500 1000 1 Day 2325 2850 Exotherm peak Temperature) F 108 109 Time, minutes 720 588 Avg, rate of temperature growth, F/minutes 0.05 0.06 While the invention disclosed herein is calculated to provide an improved admixture for a cementitious system over those described in the prior art, it will be appreciated that alternate embodiments may be devised by those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the appended claims cover all modifications or embodiments as fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.
Experiment 14 In Experiment 14, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 49.9% and zirconium oxide in the amount of .1 % of the total mixture was added. The amount of zirconium oxide, .1 % of the total mixture, was selected on the assumption that the total admixture (containing aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide) would comprise 5% of the total dry mix, and that the zirconium oxide portion of the admixture would be 2%. Thus, the zirconium oxide would be 2% of the 5% total dry mix or .1 %. Neither aluminum oxide nor silicon dioxide was added to the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 14, the initial set time was the same as the control specimen and the final set time was virtually the same as the control specimen. The early (up to one day) compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen and Experiment 12 but decreased compared to Experiments 10, 11 and 13.
The seven day compressive strength increased compared to the control specimen and Experiment 12 but decreased compared to Experiments 10, 11 and 13. The exotherm peak temperature increased compared to the control specimen and Experiment 12 and decreased compared to Experiments 10, 11 and 13. The average rate of temperature growth increased with respect to the control specimen, remained the same with respect to Experiment 12, and decreased compared to Experiments 10, 11 and 13.
Experiment 15 In Experiment 15, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 48.5% and zirconium oxide in the amount of 1.5% of the total mixture was added. The amount of zirconium oxide, 1.5% of the total mixture, was selected on the assumption that the total admixture (containing aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide) would comprise 10% of the total dry mix, and that the zirconium oxide portion of the admixture would be 15%.
Thus, the zirconium oxide would be 15% of the 10% total dry mix or 1.5%.
Neither aluminum oxide nor silicon dioxide was added to the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 15, the initial set time was less than the control specimen and Experiment 14, but greater than Experiments 10 through 13. The final set time was less than the control specimen and Experiment 14, but greater than Experiments 10 through 13. The compressive strength for seven and eight hours increased compared to the control specimen and Experiment 14 but decreased compared to Experiments 10 through 13. The compressive strength for one day increased compared to the control specimen and Experiments 12 and 14 but decreased with respect to Experiments 10, 11 and 13. The compressive strength for seven days increased compared to the control specimen and Experiment 12, was the same as Experiment 14 and decreased compared to Experiments 10, 11 and 13. The exotherm peak temperature increased compared to the control specimen and Experiments 12 and 14 and decreased compared to Experiments 10, 11 and 13.
The average rate of temperature growth increased with respect to the control specimen, Experiments 12 and 14 and decreased compared to Experiments 10, 11 and 13.
The following Table 4 sets forth the results of Experiments 10 through 15.
When the amount of admixture was lower than that of Experiments 10 through 15, the accelerating effect was insignificant or absent. At higher amounts of admixture, other unacceptable properties were present (e.~., the material was too stiff to be compacted properly).
Experiment No. 10 I1 12 13 14 15 Ingredients, k properties Control HAC (Secar 51) 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 A1203 - 3.5 9.6 - - - -Si02 - - - 0.1 1.5 - -zro2 - - - - - o.l l.s Sand 50.0 46.5 40.4 49.9 48.5 49.9 48.5 Mixing water, %
by wgt. of dry 20%
batch FOR
ALL
MIXES
Set time, minutes Initial 312 169 144 277 141 312 285 Final 357 192 169 320 173 356 332 Compressive strength, psi 3 Hrs. - - 350 - _ _ _ 4 Hrs. - 825 1950 - 3500 - -5 Hrs. - 5725 5650 - 6400 - -2S 6 Hrs. - 7525 7575 - 6600 - -7 Hrs. 125 8050 7900 1350 7100 175 800 8 Hrs. 1100 8125 8100 5010 7150 1200 4850 1 Day 6325 8475 8250 6800 8000 6850 7050 7 Days 8350 10650 105508450 9800 8550 8550 Exotherm peak temperature, 218 241 243 213 232 222 226 F
time, minutes 513 339 371 463 293 486 450 Average rate of temperature's growth, F/min. 0.29 0.50 0.47 0.31 0.55 0.31 0.35 Experiments lb and 17 - In General Experiments 16 and 17 were designed to determine the effect of certain plasticizing agents on the cementitious composition. The plasticizing agents were Lomar DF, which includes a defoamer, and is sold by Henkel Corp., and MCG SC9, which is sold by Morristown Chemical Group. The plasticizing agents may include naphthalene sulfonate based compounds, melamine sulfonate based compounds and ligmosulphonate based compounds.
Experiment 16 The control specimen comprised a mixture of Secar 51 high alumina cement with sand. The dry mixture of the control specimen included 50% of Secar 51 high alumina cement, 49.9% of sand and 0.1% of MCG-SC9. The water content of the composition comprised 1b.5%
of the weight of the dry materials.
In Experiment 16, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e. 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 44.9% and MCG-SC9 in the amount of .1 % of the total mixture was added. The amount of water was increased to 18.75% of the weight of the dry material. Admixture in the amount of 4.15% of aluminum oxide, .425% of silicon dioxide and .425% of zirconium oxide was included in the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 16, the final set time was reduced compared to the control specimen (because of the previously noted retardation effect of the plasticizing agent, the initial set time was not tested, nor was compressive strength at six or eight hours).
The one day and seven day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
Ex~,eriment 17 The control specimen comprised a mixture of portland cement, type II, sold by Lehigh Portland Cement Company, with sand. The dry mixture of the control specimen included 50% of such cement, 49.8% of sand and .2% of Lomar DF. The water content of the composition comprised 18.25% of the weight of the dry materials.
In Experiment 17, the percentage of the Lehigh type II cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 44.8% and Lomar DF in the amount of .2% of the total mixture was added. Admixture in the amount of 4.15% of aluminum oxide, .425% of silicon dioxide and .425% of zirconium oxide was included in the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 17, both the initial and final set times were reduced compared to the control specimen. The eight hours, one day and seven day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen. The results of Experiments 16 and 17 are shown in Table 5.
Experiment No. 16 17 Ingredient, °lo $ Properties Control Control HAC (Secar 51) 50.0 50.0 Portland (Lehigh - - 50.0 50.0 T-In ASZ - admixture total - 5.0 - 5.0 including A1z03 - 4.15 - 4.15 Si02 - 0.425 - 0.425 Zr02 - 0.425 - 0.425 water-reducers 1S Lomar DF - - 0.2 0.2 MCG-SC9 0.1 0.1 - -Sand 49.9 44.9 49.8 44.8 Mixing water 16.5 18.75 18.25 18.75 Set time Initial - - 247 204 Final 887 819 367 340 Compressive strength, psi 6 Hrs. - - - -g mss. - - 250 600 1 Day 3000 10800 4500 4925 7 Davs 6925 12700 7100 7725 Exotherm peak Temperature F 128 153 120 131 Time, minutes 3175 1495 520 417 Avg. rate of temperature's growth) F/minutes 0.02 0.06 0.09 0.14 Experiments 18 and 19 - In General Experiments 18 and 19 were designed to determine the effect on the cementitious composition of the presence of certain air releasing and/or gas generating agents. The air releasing agent was fluidized coke sold by Five Star Products, Inc. under the trademark "PLA"
(hereinafter "PLA") and the gas generating agent was azodicarbonamide sold by Uniroyal Chemical under the trademark "AZ-130" (hereinafter "AZ-130"). The water content of Experiments 18 and 19, and their respective control specimen was 20% of the weight of the dry mixture.
Experiment 18 The control specimen comprised a mixture of Secar 51 high alumina cement with sand. The dry mixture of the control specimen included 50% of Secar 51 high alumina cement, 47% sand and 3% of PLA.
In Experiment 18, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 42% and PLA
in the amount of 3% of the total mixture was included. Admixture in the amount of 4.15% of aluminum oxide, .425% of silicon dioxide and .425% of zirconium oxide was included in the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 18, the initial and final set times were reduced compared to the control specimen. In the plastic state, the volume change of the composition was less than the volume change of the control specimen. The seven hours, eight hour and one day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
Experiment 19 The control specimen comprised a mixture of Secar 51 high alumina cement with sand. The dry mixture of the control specimen included 50% of Secar 51 high alumina cement and 49.99% sand and .Ol % of AZ-130.
In Experiment 19, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 44.99% and AZ-130 in the amount of .O1 % of the total mixture was included. Admixture in the amount of 4.15% of aluminum oxide, .425% of silicon dioxide and .425% of zirconium oxide was included in the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 19, the initial and final set times was reduced compared to the control specimen. In the plastic state, the volume change of the composition was less than the volume change of the control specimen. The one day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen, and both the exotherm peak and the average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
The following Table 6 sets forth the results of Experiments 18 and 19.
Experiment No. 18 19 Ingredient, %
Properties Control Control HAC (Secar 51) 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 ASZ - admixture total - 5.0 - 5.0 including A1203 - 4.15 - 4.15 Si02 - 0.425 - 0.425 Zr02 - 0.425 - 0.425 PLA 3.0 3.0 - -AZ-130 - - 0.01 0.01 Sand 47.0 42.0 49.99 44.99 2S Mixing Water, % 20% FOR ALL MIXES
Set time, minutes Initial 326 197 363 260 Final 369 220 422 275 Volume changes in plastic+1.78 +1.65 +0.03 +0.025 state, %
Compressive strength) psi 4 Hrs. - 425 - _ 5 Hrs. - 4100 - 500 6 Hrs. - 5400 - 2250 3S 7 Hrs. 5000 6225 - 5200 8 Hrs. 5200 6625 5300 -1 Day 6250 7875 6600 8075 Exotherm peak:
Temperature, F 225 246 230 248 Time, minutes 465 368 480 385 Avg. rate of temperature's growth, F/minutes 0.33 0.47 0.33 0.46 Experiment 20 Experiment 20 was designed to determine the effect on the cementitious composition of an air-entraining agent, vinsol resin (hereinafter "NVX").
The control specimen comprised a mixture of Secar 51 high alumina cement with sand. The dry mixture of the control specimen included 50% of Secar high alumina cement and 49.99% sand and .01 % of NVX. The water content of Experiment 20 was 20% of the weight of the dry mixture.
In Experiment 20, the percentage of the Secar 51 high alumina cement remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 44.99% and NVX in the amount of .01 % of the total mixture was included. Admixture in the amount of 4.15% of aluminum oxide, .425% of silicon dioxide and .425% of zirconium oxide was included in the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 20, the initial and final set times were reduced compared to the control specimen. The seven hours, eight hours and one day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen, the exotherm peak remained the same as the control specimen and the average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen. The results of Experiment 20 are shown in Table 7.
Experiment No.
Ingredients, %
properties Control I-IAC (Secar 51) 50.0 50.0 ASZ-admixture total - 5.0 including A1203 - 4.15 Si02 - 0.425 ZROZ - 0.425 0.01 0.01 Sand 49.99 44.99 Mixing Water, % 20.0 Set time, minutes ~id~ 290 211 Final 345 241 Compressive strength, psi 4 Hrs. - -5 Hrs. - 1975 6 Hrs. 300 3650 7 Hrs. 2900 5025 g ~.s_ 4350 5275 1 Day 5975 6800 Exotherm peak Temperature, F 222 222 Time, minutes 636 443 Avg. rate of temperature's growth, F/minutes 0.24 0.33 Experiment 21 Experiment 21 was designed to determine the effect on the cementitious composition of a corrosion inhibitor NaN02.
The control specimen comprised a mixture of portland cement, type II with sand.
The dry mixture of the control specimen included 50% of such cement and 49.0°lo sand and 1 °lo of NaN02. The water content of Experiment 20 was 20% of the weight of the dry mixture.
In Experiment 21, the percentage of the portland cement, type II remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 50%; however, the sand content was reduced to 44% and NaNOz in the amount of 1 % of the total mixture was included. Admixture in the amount of 4.15% of aluminum oxide, .425% of silicon dioxide and .425% of zirconium oxide was included in the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 21, the initial and final set times were reduced compared to the control specimen. The six hours, seven hours, eight hours and one day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen, and both the exotherm peak and the average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen. The results of Experiment 21 are shown in Table 8.
Experiment No. 21 Ingredients, °k Properties Control Portland) T-II 50.0 50.0 ASZ-admixture total - 5.0 including A1203 - 4.15 Si02 - 0.425 2~ Zr02 - 0.425 NaN02 1.0 1.0 Sand 49.0 44.0 Mixing water, % 20.0 Set time, minutes Initial 228 224 Final 324 303 Compressive strength) psi 6 Hrs. 125 125 7 Hrs. 250 275 8 Hrs. 4~ S~
1 Dav 3350 4000 Exotherm peak Temperature, F 118 122 Time, minutes 533 503 Avg. rate of temperature's growth, F/minutes 0.08 0.1 Experiment 22 Experiment 22 was designed to determine the effect on the cementitious composition of the presence of a mineral admixture, class C fly ash.
The control specimen comprised a mixture of portland cement, type II with sand.
The dry mixture of the control specimen included 40% of cement, 50% of sand and 10% of fly ash Class C. The water content of the control specimen and Experiment 22 comprised 20% of the weight of the dry materials.
In Experiment 22, the percentage of the portland cement, type II remained the same as the control specimen, i.e., 40%; however, the sand content was reduced to 40% and fly ash Class C in the amount of 10% of the total mixture was added. Admixture in the amount of 8.3% of aluminum oxide, .85% of silicon dioxide and .85% of zirconium oxide was included in the mixture. With respect to the results of Experiment 22, the initial and final set times were reduced compared to the control specimen. The eight hour, twelve hour and one day compressive strengths increased compared to the control specimen and both the exotherm peak and average rate of temperature growth increased compared to the control specimen.
The results of Experiment are shown in Table 9.
Experiment No. 22 Ingredients, ~
Properties Control Portland T-II 40.0 40.0 Fly ash Class C 10.0 10.0 ASZ-admixture total - 10.0 including A1203 - 8.3 Si02 - 0.85 Zr02 - 0.85 Sand 50.0 40.0 1S Mixing water, % 20.0 Set time, minutes Initial 334 235 Final 432 325 Compressive strength, psi 6 Hrs. -8 Hrs. 50 175 12 Hrs. 500 1000 1 Day 2325 2850 Exotherm peak Temperature) F 108 109 Time, minutes 720 588 Avg, rate of temperature growth, F/minutes 0.05 0.06 While the invention disclosed herein is calculated to provide an improved admixture for a cementitious system over those described in the prior art, it will be appreciated that alternate embodiments may be devised by those skilled in the art. It is therefore intended that the appended claims cover all modifications or embodiments as fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. A cementitious composition which when mixed with water is capable of setting into a hard mass with accelerated initial and final set time and an increased average rate of heat evolution, said cementitious composition comprising an admixture of aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide.
2. A cementitious composition as recited in claim 1 wherein the aluminum oxide is present in the amount of 70 to 96% by weight of the admixture; the silicon dioxide is present in the amount of 2 to 15% by weight of the admixture, and the zirconium oxide is present in the amount of 2 to 15% by weight of the admixture.
3. A cementitious composition as recited in claim 1 or 2 and further comprising a high alumina cement.
4. A cementitious composition as recited in claim 1 or 2 and further comprising portland cement.
5. A cementitious composition as recited in claim 1 or 2 and further comprising a high alumina cement and portland cement.
6. A cementitious composition as recited in claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 and further comprising a plasticizing, water reducing, and defoaming agent.
7. A cementitious composition as recited in claim 6 and wherein the plasticizing, water reducing, and defoaming agent is a naphthalene sulfonate compound or melamine sulfonate compound or a ligmosulphonate based compound.
8. A cementitious composition as recited in claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 and further comprising an air releasing and/or gas generating agent.
9. A cementitious composition as recited in claim 8, in which the air releasing and/or gas generating agent is fluidized coke and the gas generating agent azodicarbonamide.
10. A cementitious composition as recited in claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 and further comprising an air-entraining agent.
11. A cementidous composition as recited in claim 10 wherein the air-entraining agent is vinsol resin.
12. A cementitious composition as recited in claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 and further comprising a corrosion inhibitor.
13. A cementitious composition as recited in claim 12 in which the corrosion inhibitor is sodium nitrite.
14. A cementitious composition as recited in claims 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 and further comprising a mineral admixture.
15. A cementitious composition as recited in claim 14 wherein the mineral admixture is fly ash.
16. A method for accelerating the set time, increasing the early compressive state and increasing the average rate of heat evolution of a cementitious system which comprises adding an admixture thereto comprising aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide and zirconium oxide.
17. The method according to claim 16 wherein the added aluminum oxide is present in the amount of 70 to 96% by weight of the admixture, the silicon dioxide is present in the amount of 2 to 15% by weight of the admixture, and the zirconium oxide is present in the amount of 2 to 15% by weight of the admixture.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2487198A | 1998-02-17 | 1998-02-17 | |
| US09/024,871 | 1998-02-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2237702A1 true CA2237702A1 (en) | 1999-08-17 |
Family
ID=21822803
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002237702A Abandoned CA2237702A1 (en) | 1998-02-17 | 1998-05-14 | Improved cementitious composition |
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|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2237702A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2774982A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2334253A (en) |
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| CN108623314A (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2018-10-09 | 法商圣高拜欧洲实验及研究中心 | Unshaped concrete and the cured method with the concrete of sintering of manufacture |
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| JP5100983B2 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2012-12-19 | コンストラクション リサーチ アンド テクノロジー ゲーエムベーハー | Foaming agent for cement composition, cement composition containing the same, method for preventing shrinkage of cement composition, and use of foaming agent in cement composition |
| EP2075240B1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2013-02-27 | Sika Technology AG | Catalyst for reactivation of delayed cementitious systems |
| CN103601454A (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-02-26 | 济南大学 | Preparation method of light-weight thermal mortar |
| EP3100990A1 (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2016-12-07 | Kerneos | Binder composition and mortar composition, especially self-levelling mortar composition, having improved polishing resistance |
| CN105254257A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-01-20 | 泰兴市和庆机械配件厂 | Method for preparing fast-foamed door core |
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| JP2564539B2 (en) * | 1987-03-31 | 1996-12-18 | 日本セメント株式会社 | Method for preventing white sinter of mortar or hardened concrete |
| JPH07196351A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1995-08-01 | Chichibu Onoda Cement Corp | Quick setting material for cement and method for promoting setting and hardening of concrete or mortar |
-
1998
- 1998-05-14 CA CA002237702A patent/CA2237702A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-06-18 GB GB9813204A patent/GB2334253A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-06-25 FR FR9808091A patent/FR2774982A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108623314A (en) * | 2012-03-07 | 2018-10-09 | 法商圣高拜欧洲实验及研究中心 | Unshaped concrete and the cured method with the concrete of sintering of manufacture |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2334253A (en) | 1999-08-18 |
| FR2774982A1 (en) | 1999-08-20 |
| GB9813204D0 (en) | 1998-08-19 |
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