CA2221385A1 - Method and device for treating ducts - Google Patents
Method and device for treating ducts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2221385A1 CA2221385A1 CA002221385A CA2221385A CA2221385A1 CA 2221385 A1 CA2221385 A1 CA 2221385A1 CA 002221385 A CA002221385 A CA 002221385A CA 2221385 A CA2221385 A CA 2221385A CA 2221385 A1 CA2221385 A1 CA 2221385A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- duct
- jet nozzle
- source
- nozzle
- cleaning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
- B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
- B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
- B08B9/043—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved by externally powered mechanical linkage, e.g. pushed or drawn through the pipes
- B08B9/0433—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved by externally powered mechanical linkage, e.g. pushed or drawn through the pipes provided exclusively with fluid jets as cleaning tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
- B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
- B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
- B08B9/049—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes having self-contained propelling means for moving the cleaning devices along the pipes, i.e. self-propelled
- B08B9/0495—Nozzles propelled by fluid jets
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cleaning ventilation ducts (2). For this purpose an underpressure is generated in the duct and a jet nozzle (13) connected to a source of fluid, for instance pressurized air (12), is guided through the duct in roughly the centre of the cross-sectional area thereof. The air jet loosens the accumulated dirt which is sucked out by the vacuum (6, 8).
Description
CA 0222l38~ l997-ll-l8 F Hw/Aw/l 0~ A~D D ~ ICE FOR T~E~TING D~CTS
The invention relates to a method for treating ducts, for instance cleaning thereo~, in particular a duct for ventilation, comprising the steps of:
- generating an underpressure in said duct, and - propelling a jet nozzle by means of a reaction thrust said nozzle being connected to a source of fluid through a hose or the like.
According to a generally known method for cleaning air conditioning ducts, an underpressure is 10 generated in the duct system an a jet nozzle connected to a source o~ fluid is transported through the duct. The jet nozzle can be connected for instance to a source o~
pressurized air. With the powerful air jet accumulated dirt in the duct is loosened and removed from the duct 15 system by means of the underpressure. The jet nozzle is moved forward in the duct for cleaning due to the thrust of the outflowing pressurized air.
Such a jet nozzle is known from EP-A-0 077 562.
In this known method the problem arises that 20 the jet nozzle moves forward lying on the bottom of the duct as a consequence of the own weight of the jet nozzle and the connecting member between the source of fluid and the jet nozzle. This results in loss of efficiency, particularly in ducts o~ larger diameter. It is moreover 25 di~ficult in this manner to adequately clean the enclosed corners in rectangular ducts.
The invention provides a solution herefor in that during moving said jet nozzle, said nozzle is kept roughly in the centre of the cross-sectional area of the 30 duct by said propelling means.
Owing to this step the distance of the walls to the jet nozzle is to a very large degree the same in all ~NI~D SHE~T
- CA 0222138~ 1997-11-18 directions, so that a considerable efficiency improvement is achieved.
A device for performing the method as stated above comprises a jet nozzle with a rotor part and a 5 stator part and connecting means on the jet nozzle ~or connection to a source of pressurized fluid and means to propel said jet nozzle by means of a reaction thrust, said device being characterized in that said propelling means are formed by radially protruding flexible hollow 10 arms connected to said source of pressurized fluid. These arms strike with their end part against the wall of the duct and centre the jet nozzle roughly in the centre of the duct. The flexible arms preferably take a hollow form and are See further pages 2, 2a filed with our letter of 12.02.97.
ED S~Fr CA 0222138~ 1997-11-18 Encl. to my letter of Feb. 1~, 199 connected to the connecting means for the fluid. In thls manner pressurized air is for instance also directed through the hollow arms to the corners of the duct, so that a sufficient cleaning takes place there also.
In order to enhance the stability of the central guiding of the jet nozzle, a second set of arms can be arranged as seen in longitudinal direction at a distance from the first arms 90 that support at differing mutual distance also takes place in longitudinal direction.
From W0 94/19118 is known a method and device for cleaning air ducts wherein a jet nozzle connected to a source of pressurized air is moved through a duct. The displacement occurs by means of a rigid feed tube, where-in during operation the jet nozzle carries out a swi~ging movement along the inner wall of the pipe. Such a device is not suitable for cleaning rectangular or square ducts.
Because of the uncontr~lled movement of the jet nozzle it is moreover uncertain during operation whether all wall parts of the pipe are subjected to the cleaning opera-tion.
From USA 5347677 is known a construction wherein adevice for cleaning ducts is used in which a blow-out piece is moved through the duct over wheels or a suitable frame. Air is blown from cleaning elements, wherein the cleaning elements perform a sine-shaped movement through the duct during operation.
USA 5109567 describes a device for cleaning air ducts, wherein a nozzle with radially protruding arms is rotated in the duct. The nozzle is connected to a hose which is pulled through the duct. Flexible spacers hold the rotating nozzle with the arms at a distance from the walls of the duct for cleaning.
~ t~r~.~~'~a ''~
CA 0222138~ 1997-11-18 2a SU-A-919 768 discloses a device which is self-propelling by means of nozzles 5. By changing the angle 5 of inclination of the jet to the walls cleaning quality is improved. This device does not disclose means for keeping the jet nozzle substantially in the middle of the duct to be cleaned.
EP-A-O 274 831 discloses a method for treating 10 the air passage of an air conditioning system by introducing an air-borne mist into the air passage in order to coat the surface of the duct. No means for moving an air jet into the air conditioning system and keeping the jet nozzle substantially in the middle of the 15 duct are disclosed.
The invention is.further elucidated with reference to the drawings of embodiments.
In the drawing:
Figure 1 shows schematically the method according to the invention, Figures 2-4 show details of the method and device according to the invention, and ~'r~'~ S.~-~
CA 0222138~ 1997-11-18 W 09"3~14- P~lirl~ lol63 Figures 5-7 show in perspective view with cut-away parts embodiments of the jet nozzle according to the invention.
An air duct system 1 for cleaning comprises a main duct 2 and a number of side ducts, for instance 3, 4.
Prior to cleaning, the grid in the side ducts is covered with cover foil 5. The closing member 7 in one of the openings of the main duct is also removed and the opening 6 is connected onto an installation 8 for generating underpressure. Connected to this installation is a dis-charge device 9 for dust 9. The cleaning device 11 is placed into the duct through a second small opening 10 in the main duct 2. The device 11 is connected to a source 12 of pressurized air. The device 11 comprises a jet nozzle 13 which is connected via the flexible hose 14 to the pressurized air source 12. Figure 5 shows in detail the construction of the jet nozzle.
As shown in figures 2-4, the jet nozzle is supported by means of flexible arms 15, 16, 17, 18 such that the jet nozzle 13 is situated roughly in the centre of the duct. Due to the thrust of the outflowing pressurized air the jet nozzle is moved in the direction of the arrow 19.
Air jets are emitted radially from the jet nozzle as according to arrow 20, whereby the accumulated dirt in the duct is loosened. Due to the underpressure resulting from the device 8 the dirt is sucked out of the duct to the discharge device 9 in the direction of the arrows 21, 22. The radially protruding arms take a hollow form and are connected to the connecting means of the jet nozzle for fluid under pressure, for instance pressurized air.
The corners of the duct are hereby also influenced by the outflowing air and thus cleaned adequately.
Figure 2 shows a duct of relatively large cross section. Figure 3 shows a duct of considerably smaller cross section. This results in the arms being bent fur-ther than in the duct of fig. 2.
Figure 4 shows a duct of very limited cross section.
These embodiments show that in principle ducts with a wide range of inner diameters can be cleaned in this manner.
CA 0222138~ 1997-11-18 W O~G~l~ P~l/~ '01635 In order to increase stability still further a second set of radially protruding arms 23, 24, 25, 26 can be arranged at a distance from the first set of arms 15, 16, 17, 18. The two sets are connected by a connecting r member 27 of limited flexibility.
It is noted that during withdrawal of the jet nozzle after cleaning, the arms can fold over such that the end parts thereof lie in a direction opposed to the position shown in figures 2-4.
Figure 5 shows details of the construction of the jet nozzle. The jet nozzle consists of a stationary part 30 and a rotating part 31. Connected to a stationary part 30 are the aforementioned arms 15, 16, 17 and 18. The pressurized air flows in the direction of the arrows through the stator part 30 and the arms 15, 16, 17 and 18. Pressurized air also moves to the rotating part 31.
By choosing the inclination of the outflow channels in a suitable manner, the rotor 31 can be provided with a rotating movement. Figures 6 and 7 show different direc-tions of the outflow channels. The rotating part can be mounted by means of a water bearing as designated with the reference numeral 32 which indicates a groove-like opening between the relevant parts.
*****
The invention relates to a method for treating ducts, for instance cleaning thereo~, in particular a duct for ventilation, comprising the steps of:
- generating an underpressure in said duct, and - propelling a jet nozzle by means of a reaction thrust said nozzle being connected to a source of fluid through a hose or the like.
According to a generally known method for cleaning air conditioning ducts, an underpressure is 10 generated in the duct system an a jet nozzle connected to a source o~ fluid is transported through the duct. The jet nozzle can be connected for instance to a source o~
pressurized air. With the powerful air jet accumulated dirt in the duct is loosened and removed from the duct 15 system by means of the underpressure. The jet nozzle is moved forward in the duct for cleaning due to the thrust of the outflowing pressurized air.
Such a jet nozzle is known from EP-A-0 077 562.
In this known method the problem arises that 20 the jet nozzle moves forward lying on the bottom of the duct as a consequence of the own weight of the jet nozzle and the connecting member between the source of fluid and the jet nozzle. This results in loss of efficiency, particularly in ducts o~ larger diameter. It is moreover 25 di~ficult in this manner to adequately clean the enclosed corners in rectangular ducts.
The invention provides a solution herefor in that during moving said jet nozzle, said nozzle is kept roughly in the centre of the cross-sectional area of the 30 duct by said propelling means.
Owing to this step the distance of the walls to the jet nozzle is to a very large degree the same in all ~NI~D SHE~T
- CA 0222138~ 1997-11-18 directions, so that a considerable efficiency improvement is achieved.
A device for performing the method as stated above comprises a jet nozzle with a rotor part and a 5 stator part and connecting means on the jet nozzle ~or connection to a source of pressurized fluid and means to propel said jet nozzle by means of a reaction thrust, said device being characterized in that said propelling means are formed by radially protruding flexible hollow 10 arms connected to said source of pressurized fluid. These arms strike with their end part against the wall of the duct and centre the jet nozzle roughly in the centre of the duct. The flexible arms preferably take a hollow form and are See further pages 2, 2a filed with our letter of 12.02.97.
ED S~Fr CA 0222138~ 1997-11-18 Encl. to my letter of Feb. 1~, 199 connected to the connecting means for the fluid. In thls manner pressurized air is for instance also directed through the hollow arms to the corners of the duct, so that a sufficient cleaning takes place there also.
In order to enhance the stability of the central guiding of the jet nozzle, a second set of arms can be arranged as seen in longitudinal direction at a distance from the first arms 90 that support at differing mutual distance also takes place in longitudinal direction.
From W0 94/19118 is known a method and device for cleaning air ducts wherein a jet nozzle connected to a source of pressurized air is moved through a duct. The displacement occurs by means of a rigid feed tube, where-in during operation the jet nozzle carries out a swi~ging movement along the inner wall of the pipe. Such a device is not suitable for cleaning rectangular or square ducts.
Because of the uncontr~lled movement of the jet nozzle it is moreover uncertain during operation whether all wall parts of the pipe are subjected to the cleaning opera-tion.
From USA 5347677 is known a construction wherein adevice for cleaning ducts is used in which a blow-out piece is moved through the duct over wheels or a suitable frame. Air is blown from cleaning elements, wherein the cleaning elements perform a sine-shaped movement through the duct during operation.
USA 5109567 describes a device for cleaning air ducts, wherein a nozzle with radially protruding arms is rotated in the duct. The nozzle is connected to a hose which is pulled through the duct. Flexible spacers hold the rotating nozzle with the arms at a distance from the walls of the duct for cleaning.
~ t~r~.~~'~a ''~
CA 0222138~ 1997-11-18 2a SU-A-919 768 discloses a device which is self-propelling by means of nozzles 5. By changing the angle 5 of inclination of the jet to the walls cleaning quality is improved. This device does not disclose means for keeping the jet nozzle substantially in the middle of the duct to be cleaned.
EP-A-O 274 831 discloses a method for treating 10 the air passage of an air conditioning system by introducing an air-borne mist into the air passage in order to coat the surface of the duct. No means for moving an air jet into the air conditioning system and keeping the jet nozzle substantially in the middle of the 15 duct are disclosed.
The invention is.further elucidated with reference to the drawings of embodiments.
In the drawing:
Figure 1 shows schematically the method according to the invention, Figures 2-4 show details of the method and device according to the invention, and ~'r~'~ S.~-~
CA 0222138~ 1997-11-18 W 09"3~14- P~lirl~ lol63 Figures 5-7 show in perspective view with cut-away parts embodiments of the jet nozzle according to the invention.
An air duct system 1 for cleaning comprises a main duct 2 and a number of side ducts, for instance 3, 4.
Prior to cleaning, the grid in the side ducts is covered with cover foil 5. The closing member 7 in one of the openings of the main duct is also removed and the opening 6 is connected onto an installation 8 for generating underpressure. Connected to this installation is a dis-charge device 9 for dust 9. The cleaning device 11 is placed into the duct through a second small opening 10 in the main duct 2. The device 11 is connected to a source 12 of pressurized air. The device 11 comprises a jet nozzle 13 which is connected via the flexible hose 14 to the pressurized air source 12. Figure 5 shows in detail the construction of the jet nozzle.
As shown in figures 2-4, the jet nozzle is supported by means of flexible arms 15, 16, 17, 18 such that the jet nozzle 13 is situated roughly in the centre of the duct. Due to the thrust of the outflowing pressurized air the jet nozzle is moved in the direction of the arrow 19.
Air jets are emitted radially from the jet nozzle as according to arrow 20, whereby the accumulated dirt in the duct is loosened. Due to the underpressure resulting from the device 8 the dirt is sucked out of the duct to the discharge device 9 in the direction of the arrows 21, 22. The radially protruding arms take a hollow form and are connected to the connecting means of the jet nozzle for fluid under pressure, for instance pressurized air.
The corners of the duct are hereby also influenced by the outflowing air and thus cleaned adequately.
Figure 2 shows a duct of relatively large cross section. Figure 3 shows a duct of considerably smaller cross section. This results in the arms being bent fur-ther than in the duct of fig. 2.
Figure 4 shows a duct of very limited cross section.
These embodiments show that in principle ducts with a wide range of inner diameters can be cleaned in this manner.
CA 0222138~ 1997-11-18 W O~G~l~ P~l/~ '01635 In order to increase stability still further a second set of radially protruding arms 23, 24, 25, 26 can be arranged at a distance from the first set of arms 15, 16, 17, 18. The two sets are connected by a connecting r member 27 of limited flexibility.
It is noted that during withdrawal of the jet nozzle after cleaning, the arms can fold over such that the end parts thereof lie in a direction opposed to the position shown in figures 2-4.
Figure 5 shows details of the construction of the jet nozzle. The jet nozzle consists of a stationary part 30 and a rotating part 31. Connected to a stationary part 30 are the aforementioned arms 15, 16, 17 and 18. The pressurized air flows in the direction of the arrows through the stator part 30 and the arms 15, 16, 17 and 18. Pressurized air also moves to the rotating part 31.
By choosing the inclination of the outflow channels in a suitable manner, the rotor 31 can be provided with a rotating movement. Figures 6 and 7 show different direc-tions of the outflow channels. The rotating part can be mounted by means of a water bearing as designated with the reference numeral 32 which indicates a groove-like opening between the relevant parts.
*****
Claims (5)
1. Method for treating the inside of a duct, in particular a duct for ventilation, comprising the steps of:
- generating (8) an underpressure in said duct, and - propelling a jet nozzle (13) by means of a reaction thrust (15, 16, 17, 18) said nozzle being connected to a source of fluid through a hose or the like, characterized in that during moving said jet nozzle, said nozzle (13) is kept roughly in the centre of the cross-sectional area of the duct by said propelling means (15, 16, 17, 18).
- generating (8) an underpressure in said duct, and - propelling a jet nozzle (13) by means of a reaction thrust (15, 16, 17, 18) said nozzle being connected to a source of fluid through a hose or the like, characterized in that during moving said jet nozzle, said nozzle (13) is kept roughly in the centre of the cross-sectional area of the duct by said propelling means (15, 16, 17, 18).
2. Method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the jet nozzle (13) and said propelling means (15, 16, 17, 18) as well are connected to a source (12) of pressurized air.
3. Method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the jet nozzle (13) and said propelling means (15, 16, 17, 18) as well are connected to a source (12) of pressurized air and coating material.
4; Device for performing the method as claimed in claims 1-3, comprising a jet nozzle (13) with a rotor part (31) and a stator part (30) and connecting means on the jet nozzle for connection to a source of pressurized fluid and means (15, 16, 17, 18) to propel said jet nozzle (13) by means of a reaction thrust, characterized in that said propelling means are formed by radially protruding flexible hollow arms (15, 16, 17, 18) connected to said source of pressurized fluid (13).
5. Device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that as seen in longitudinal direction, second roughly
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1000399A NL1000399C2 (en) | 1995-05-19 | 1995-05-19 | Method and device for treating channels. |
| NL1000399 | 1995-05-19 | ||
| GB9713692A GB2326685A (en) | 1995-05-19 | 1997-06-27 | Nozzle for cleaning ducts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2221385A1 true CA2221385A1 (en) | 1996-11-21 |
Family
ID=26311808
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002221385A Abandoned CA2221385A1 (en) | 1995-05-19 | 1996-04-17 | Method and device for treating ducts |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0825906B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1094800C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2221385A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2326685A (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3031221T3 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL1000399C2 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO975279D0 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ306453A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1996036445A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6269519B1 (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2001-08-07 | Esteam Manufacturing Ltd. | Duct cleaning device |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2157711B1 (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 2002-03-01 | Vilarasau Alegre M Teresa | DEVICE FOR CLEANING AIR DUCTS. |
| FI108408B (en) * | 1999-11-23 | 2002-01-31 | Lifa Iaq Ltd Oy | Air conditioning and other duct cleaning equipment |
| GB2384841B (en) * | 2002-01-30 | 2003-12-17 | Hamish Charles Gregor Mulliner | Pipe cleaning tool |
| GB0722467D0 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2007-12-27 | Fastflow Pipeline Services Ltd | Apparatus for cleaning an interior of a pipe |
| CN102580961B (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2013-11-13 | 重庆大学 | Air duct cleaning device |
| CN106391602A (en) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-02-15 | 天津中化洁安科技有限公司 | Air jet cleaning structure of special air conditioner pipeline sweeping robot |
| WO2024149911A1 (en) * | 2023-01-12 | 2024-07-18 | Fadelpo, S.L. | System and method for removing scale from inside pipes |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4073302A (en) * | 1977-01-18 | 1978-02-14 | Jones Thomas E | Cleaning apparatus for sewer pipes and the like |
| US4206313A (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1980-06-03 | S. D. Meo | Pipe cleaning nozzle |
| SU919768A1 (en) * | 1980-03-18 | 1982-04-15 | Белорусский Конструкторско-Технологический Институт Городского Хозяйства | Apparatus for cleaning pipeline inner surface |
| US4780333A (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-10-25 | Ford Motor Company | Method for treatment of air conditioning system |
| US5109567A (en) * | 1991-04-29 | 1992-05-05 | Steamatic, Inc. | Duct air sweeper |
| WO1993024246A1 (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1993-12-09 | Bruce James Lake | Duct cleaning devices |
| US5438720A (en) * | 1992-09-16 | 1995-08-08 | Daneshvar; Yousef | Toe protector and related devices |
| US5438729A (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1995-08-08 | Powell; Samuel O. | Apparatus for cleaning air ducts |
| US5347677A (en) * | 1993-02-12 | 1994-09-20 | Prentice William H | Apparatus for cleaning isolated surfaces |
| SE9300645L (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1994-08-27 | Johan Faxon | Method and apparatus for cleaning pipelines |
| US5369834A (en) * | 1994-05-17 | 1994-12-06 | Groen; Douglas D. | Rotary duct cleaning brush device |
| WO1996034706A1 (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 1996-11-07 | Jan Olofsson | A method for cleaning pipelines in ventilating systems |
-
1995
- 1995-05-19 NL NL1000399A patent/NL1000399C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-04-17 NZ NZ306453A patent/NZ306453A/en unknown
- 1996-04-17 CN CN96194030A patent/CN1094800C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-17 CA CA002221385A patent/CA2221385A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-04-17 WO PCT/EP1996/001635 patent/WO1996036445A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-04-17 EP EP96912022A patent/EP0825906B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-06-27 GB GB9713692A patent/GB2326685A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-11-18 NO NO975279A patent/NO975279D0/en unknown
-
1999
- 1999-09-16 GR GR990402312T patent/GR3031221T3/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6269519B1 (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2001-08-07 | Esteam Manufacturing Ltd. | Duct cleaning device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2326685A (en) | 1998-12-30 |
| GR3031221T3 (en) | 1999-12-31 |
| WO1996036445A1 (en) | 1996-11-21 |
| NZ306453A (en) | 1998-09-24 |
| NO975279L (en) | 1997-11-18 |
| EP0825906A1 (en) | 1998-03-04 |
| CN1094800C (en) | 2002-11-27 |
| CN1184441A (en) | 1998-06-10 |
| NL1000399C2 (en) | 1996-05-07 |
| NO975279D0 (en) | 1997-11-18 |
| EP0825906B1 (en) | 1999-06-30 |
| GB9713692D0 (en) | 1997-09-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |