CA2219341A1 - A nebuliser - Google Patents
A nebuliser Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2219341A1 CA2219341A1 CA 2219341 CA2219341A CA2219341A1 CA 2219341 A1 CA2219341 A1 CA 2219341A1 CA 2219341 CA2219341 CA 2219341 CA 2219341 A CA2219341 A CA 2219341A CA 2219341 A1 CA2219341 A1 CA 2219341A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- nebuliser
- operable
- transducer
- intake
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
- A61M11/005—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes using ultrasonics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
- B05B17/0615—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers spray being produced at the free surface of the liquid or other fluent material in a container and subjected to the vibrations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. mouth-to-mouth respiration; Tracheal tubes
- A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
- A61M2016/0015—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors
- A61M2016/0018—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors electrical
- A61M2016/0021—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure inhalation detectors electrical with a proportional output signal, e.g. from a thermistor
Abstract
A nebuliser comprising a housing (6) defining a nebulising chamber (7), an intake duct (15) for ambient air, an outlet duct (14) for inhalation of air, a vibrating piezoelectric transducer (10) and a breath sensor (25), such as a thermistor, operable to actuate the transducer in response to inhalation.
Description
W O 97/31721 1 PCT/GB97/00~61 A Nebuliser This invention relates to a nebuliser and in particular but not exclusively to a hand hetd, self powered, nebuliser for medicinal liquids for 5 use in the delivery of therapeutic agents by inhalation.
It is known from GB2265845 to provide a nebuiiser in which fluid in a nebulising chamber is nebulised by a vibrating piezoelectric transducer. Air carrying the nebulised fluid is drawn from the chamber via an outlet duct by 10 inhalation or by fan assisted air flow.
A disadvantage of such nebulisers is that the nebulising process continues during exhalation, thereby subjecting the fluid in the chamber to unnecessary transducer vibration which results in unnecessary heating of the 15 fluid due to the dissipation of energy in the transducer and fluid. The nature of the medicinal fluid may consequently be degraded.
A further disadvantage is that exhaled air may pass through the nebulising chamber resulting in loss of airborne fluid.
A further disadvantage is that the transducer is actuated by means of a drive circuit which typicaily comprises a transformer to amplify an oscillating drive signal from a relatively low level to an amplitude of about 50 volts.
Such transformers are relatively expensive and also suffer the disadvantage 25 of affecting the resonance characteristics of the transducer by virtue of theleakage inductance of the transformer forming an oscillating circuit with the capacitance of the transducer.
~ According to the present invention there is disclosed a nebuliser 30 comprising a housing defining a nebulising chamber receiving in use a fluid to be nebulised, the housing defining an intake duct for the intake of ambient air SUBSTITUTE SHE~ (RULE 26) -and an outlet duct for the inhalation of air and nebulised fluid in use, the intake duct and outlet duct respectively communicating with the chamber, a transducer operable to nebulise fluid in the chamber, a drive circuit operable to drive the transducer, a breath sensor operable to provide an actuating 5 signal in response to inhalation via the chamber and a control circuit operable to turn on the drive circuit in response to the actuating signal.
The transducer may thereby be energised only when necessary during inhalation in order to avoid excessive heating of the fluid in the chamber and 10 to avoid unnecessary wastage of fluid.
Preferably the breath sensor comprises a sensor element and a sensor circuit operable to heat the sensor element and to detect the cooling effect of air flow over the sensor element.
Conveniently the sensor element comprises a thermistor.
The sensor element is advantageously located in the intake duct.
~he housing may comprise a base portion and a detachable portion releasably connectable to the base portion and co-operating with the base portion to define the chamber whereby the transducer, the drive circuit and the control circuit may be located in the base portion and the outlet duct may be defined by the detachable portion.
Such an arrangement allows the detachable portion to be removed for cleansing by immersion in a cleansing solution without causing damage to the transducer and circuits. Frequent cleansing of the outlet duct, which includes a mouthpiece, is generally advisable.
SU~T~TUTE SHEET (RUL~ 26) The sensor ~lement may be located on an external surface of the base portion, the detachable portion comprising an intake member co-operating with the external surface to define the intake duct therebetween. The intake member is preferably of U-shaped cross section.
Thi~ arrangement allows the sensor element to form part of the base portion and at the same time to be exposed to air within the intake duct.
Conveniently the intake member is movably mounted relative to a main body of the detachable portion so as to be moveable between an open position in which an intake aperture is defined and a closed position in which the intake aperture is closed. The intake aperture may thereby be closed when the nebuliser is not in use in order to prevent the ingress o~
contaminants into the intake duct.
The housing may comprise an outlet portion defining the outlet duct, the outlet portion being pivotally mounted on the main body of the detachable portion. The outlet portion may also be telescopically extensible, thereby providing convenience in use.
Preferably an inlet valve is provided to allow one way flow of air in the intake duct in a direction towards the chamber. Exhaled air entering the mouthpiece is thereby prevented from passing through the chamber since no exit is provided via the intake duct.
Preferably an outlet valve communicates between the outlet duct and ambient air to allow one way flow of air in a direction out of the outlet duct, thereby responding to positive pressure in the outlet duct to allow exhaled air ~ entering the mouthpiece to be exhausted without passing through the 3 o chamber.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) According to a further aspect of the present invention there is disclosed a nebuliser comprising a housing defining a nebulising chamber, a transducer operable to nebulise fluid in the chamber and a drive circuit connected to the transducer and operable tO apply an alternating voltage 5 across terminals of the transducer at a controlled operating frequency, wherein the drive circuit comprises a bridge circuit having four arms each comprising a respective switching device, two input poles of the bridge circuit being connected to a supply of DC voltage and two output poles of the bridge circuit being connected to the transducer terminals, and wherein 10 the drive circuit is operable to actuate alternate conjugate pairs of the switching devices.
Such a drive circuit has the advantage of avoiding the need to use a transformer between an oscillating circuit and the transducer.
Conveniently the switching devices comprise field effect transistors.
Optionally, an inductor may be connected in series with the transducer in order to boost the peak voltage applied to the transducer terminals.
The transducer preferably comprises a piezoelectric vibrator The nebuliser preferably comprises a control circuit operable to determine the operating frequency of the drive circuit and current sensing 25 means operable to input to the control circuit a measure of the current through the transducer, whereby the control circuit is further operable to control the operating frequency so as to minimise the transducer current.
The transducer may thereby be operated at an anti-resonance 3 o frequency corresponding to a maximum impedance, thereby minimising the amount of heat generated in the transducer.
SUBSTITUTE S~EET (RULE 26) W O 97/3~721 5 PCT/GB97/00~61 The nebuliser preferably comprises a low voltage DC power source and a voltage boost circuit operable to derive the supply of DC voltage therefrom at a value of between 40 and 6~ volts.
The control circuit is typically operable to provide an operating frequency in the range 1.5 to 2.5Mhz.
Preferred embodiments of the p~esent invention will now be described 0 by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings of which;
FIGURE 1 is a schematic sectional side elevation of a nebuliser in accordance with the present invention;
FIGURE 2 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of inlet and outlet valves in the nebuliser of Figure 1 during inhalation;
FIGURE 3 is a further schematic drawing showing the operation of inlet and outlet valves of Figure Z during exhalation;
FIGURE 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a control circuit and drive circuit of the nebuiiser of preceding Figures;
FIGURE 5 is a schematic oblique view of an alternative nebuliser in accordance with the present invention;
FIGURE ~; is a schematic oblique view of the nebuliser of Figure 5 in a stowed configuration;
FIGURE 7 is a schematic oblique view of a further alternative nebuliser in accordance with the present invention;
FIGURE 8 is a schematic oblique view of a further alternative nebuliser in a partially exploded configuration; and FIGURE 9 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of the transducer of Figure 4.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O g7/31721 PCT/GB9710056 FIGURE 1 shows schematically a nebuliser 1 having a housing 2 formed of plastics material and shaped so as to be hand holdable and portable. The nebuliser 1 is self powered by means of batteries 3 located within the housing 2 and is operated by means of a switch 4 mounted 5 externally on the housing. The housing 2 comprises a base portion 5 and a detachable portion 6 which is releasably connectable to the base portion by co-operating push fit connector formations 7 to enable the detachable portion to be cleaned by immersion in a cleansing soiution.
o The housing 2 defines a well 8 which in the normal upright orientation of the nebuliser 1 as shown in Figure 1 is capable of holding a quantity of liquid 9 which is required to be nebulised and such that a piezoelectric transducer 10 mounted at the bottom of the well is covered by liquid.
The detachable portion 6 co-operates with the well 8 to define a nebulising chamber 11 in which air above the level of the liquid 9 receives a fine mist of nebulised liquid in use when the transducer 10 is vibrationally excited at an ultrasonic frequency.
The detachable portion 6 has an outlet portion 12 which is generally tubular and defines an outlet duct 13 communicating between the chsmber 11 and a mouthpiece 14 through which air from the chamber may be inhaled by a user.
The detachable portion 6 also defines an elongate intake member 15 which is generally U-shaped in cross section and overlays an external surface 16 of the base portion 5 to define therebetween an intake duct 17. An upper portion 18 of the intake member 15 overlays a wall 19 of the detachable portion 6, the wall defining an intake port 20 communicating between the intake duct 17 and the chamber 1 1 . A one way inlet valve 21, shown schematically as a simple flap valve, is deployed in the intake port so as to SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) allow air into the chamber 11 via the intake port but to prevent the out flow of air therefrom.
A side wall 22 of the outlet portion 12 defines a vent 23 in which is - 5 deployed an outlet valve 24 shown schematically as a simple flap valve. The outlet valve 24 allows exhaled air entering the outlet duct to be vented to atrnosphere and prevents air from entering the outlet duct via the vent 23 during inhalation.
A sensor element 25 constituted by a thermistor is mounted on the external surface 16 so as to be exposed to air within the intake duct 17, the sensor element being connected to a sensor circuit 26 as indicated schematically in Figure g which is operable to produce an actuating signal 30 representative of the sensed temperature of air in the intake duct.
The actuating signal 30 of the sensor circuit 26 is input to a control circuit 27 which responds to a transient decrease in sensed temperature by actuating a drive circuit 28 which operates to apply a high frequency drive signal to the transducer 10. The transducer 10 responds by dissipating 20 vibrational energy into the liquid 9 with resulting nebulisation.
The control circuit 27 turns off the drive circuit 28 after a predetermined period which in the preferred embodiment is 0.3 seconds. The predetermined period is selected such that nebulisation occurs during an 25 initial phase of the breathing cycle of the user and specifically during the first half of an inhalation period. This ensures that nebulisation begins with the commencement of inhalation, as a result of the cooling affect of the inflow of air through the intake duct 17, and nebulisation ceases before inhalation is completed, thereby avoiding unnecessary nebulisation of liquid since droplets 30 made airborne during the last part of the intake of breath would have a low SU~STITUTE SHEET ~RULE 26~
probability of being delivered to the intended site of deposition within the lungs of the user because of the finite time taken to travel to this site.
During exhalation, air fiow through the intake duct 17 ceases because 5 the intake port 20 is closed by operation of the inlet valve 21.
The operation of the valves 21 and 24 is illustrated schematically in Figures 2 and 3.
lo In Figure 2 the inhalation of breath is shown to result in air flowing into the intake duct 17, through the intake port 20 via the inlet valve 21, through the chamber 11 and through the mouthpiece 14 via the outlet duct 13.
During inhalation, the vent 23 is closed by operation of the outlet valve 15 24 which is closed by negative pressure within the outlet duct 13.
Nebulised droplets 29 are made airborne within the chamber by the vibration of the transducer 10 and are carried into the user's lungs via the mouthpiece 14 by the airflow.
At the end of the predetermined period, actuation of the transducer 10 ceases and inhaled air continues to flow through the outlet duct 13, carrying with it the remnants of nebulised droplets from the chamber 11. Inhalation then ceases and exhalation commences, thereby creating positive pressure 25 within the outlet duct 13 and opening the valve 24. At the same time, positive pressure within the chamber 11 causes the inlet valve 21 to close, thereby preventing the flow of air over the sensor element 25. Consequentiy actuation of the transducer 10 is prevented since the control circuit 27 does not receive a temperature change signal.
This cycle of operation repeats with every inhalation of the user.
SUBSTITUTE SHFET (RULE 26) -In Figure 4, the drive circuit 28 is illustrated in greater detail and includes a bridge circuit 31 of four FET (Field Effect Transistors) 32a, 32b, 32c and 32d constituting four arms of the bridge circuit. Two input poles 5 33a, 33b are connected to a ~, supply voltage supplied by a voltage boost circuit 34 which generates a 50volt DC output from a low voltage provided by the batteries 3.
Output poles 35a, 35b of the bridge circuit 31 are connected to the lo terminals of the piezoelectric transducer 10, an inductor 36 being connected in series with the transducer.
The FETs 32a to 32d are connected to the outputs of an integrated circuit 37 operable to alternately switch the FETs in conjugate pairs 35a, 35b and 32b, 32d so as to oscillate the transducer 10 at a frequency of approximateiy 2Mi~tz.
The inductor 36 serves to enhance the peak frequency of the transducer drive.
The transducer current is sensed by means of resistor 38 connected to a current sensing input of the integrated circuit 37 and the temperature of the transducer is monitored by means of temperature sensor 39, also connected to an input of the integrated circuit 37.
The sensor element 25, together with a further temperature sensor 40 for measuring the temperature of the drive circuit, are also connected to respective inputs of the integrated circuit :~7.
SUBST~TUTE SHEET (RU~E 26) The control circuit 27 in the form of a micro-controller is connected to the integrated circuit 37 via a bi-directional databus 31 and receives user inputs via manual switch 4.
The control circuit 27 also has outputs to indicator lights 41 which indicate low battery level and also indicate complete exhaustion of the liquid within the well 8.
A 10MHz oscillator 42 iS also connected to the control circuit 27 in order to control operation of the micro-controller.
A diagnostic port 43 is also shown connected to the micro-controller 27.
The control circuit 27 controls the drive frequency at which the integrated circuit 37 switches the FETs 35a to 35d in a manner which minimises the sensed value of the transducer current. The current drawn by the transducer 10 will vary as a function of drive frequency and typically exhibits a peak value coinciding with a resonance condition of the transducer.
By feed back control of the transducer operation to minimise current, it is therefore possible to operate the transducer at an anti-resonance frequency at which it exhibits a maximum impedance. This impedance will vary accordinç~
to whether there is liquid remaining in the well 8, a change in the measured value of the sensed current at anti-resonance being detected by the control circuit 27 as an indication of liquid within the well 8 having been exhausted.
Actuation of the drive circuit 28 may then be automatically discontinued and a warning signal displayed via the indicator lights 41.
Alternative nebulisers are illustrated with reference to Figures 5 to 8 3 o using corresponding reference numerals to those of preceding Figures for corresponding elements where appropriate.
SUB5rl~E SHEET (RULE 26 W O 97/31721 ll PCT/GB97/00561 In Figure 5, a nebuliser 1 has an intake member 15 which is slidable longitudinally relative to the detachable portion 6 between a depioyed position as shown in Figure 5 and a stowed position as shown in Figure 6. In 5 the stowed position of Figure 6, a mouth 44 constituting an intake aperture of the intake duct 17 is closed by contact between the intake member 15 and a shoulder portion 45 of the base portion 5. in the deployed position of Figure 5 however, the mouth 44 is opened since the intake member 15 is longitudinally displaced in a direction away from the shoulder 45, thereby 10 allowing the intake of air.
The switch 4 is located on the shoulder portion 45 so as to be accessible only in the deployed configuration of Figure 5, thereby preventing accidental actuation of the nebuliser 1 in the stowed position of Figure 6 15 when the nebuliser is stored between use.
The outlet portion 12 is pivotally connected to the detachable portion 6 so as to define the outlet duct 13 and includes an extension portion 46 which is telescopically extensible and which includes the mouthpiece 14. The use 20 of the pivotal connection and the telescopic extension portion 46 allows the nebuliser 1 to be adiustable in use for the comfort of the user.
The extension portion 46 is stowed in a retracted position within the outlet portion 12 which is pivoted so as to extend in contact with the base 2~ portion 5 when stowed as shown in Figure 6.
In the stowed configuration as shown in Figure 6, the mouthpiece 14 is shielded against the ingress of contaminates such as dust during storage of the nebuliser 1. This is important in order to prevent the inhalation of 30 contaminates, particularly when administering asthma relieving drugs.
SUBSTmrrE SHE~ (RULE 26~
A further nebuliser 1 shown in Figure 7 has similar operating features to those of the nebuliser of Figures 5 and 6 and similarly includes a pivotal outlet portion 12 which is shown in a stowed position. The outlet portion 12 is however on the same side of the housing 2 as the switch 4 and the switch 5 is a permanently accessible rotary switch.
A further alternative nebuliser 1 is shown in Figure 8 in a partly exploded configuration, revealing the well 8 defining the nebulising chamber 1 1. The outlet portion 12 is telescopically extensible by means of a slider 47 lo and pivotally mounted on the detachable portion 6.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
It is known from GB2265845 to provide a nebuiiser in which fluid in a nebulising chamber is nebulised by a vibrating piezoelectric transducer. Air carrying the nebulised fluid is drawn from the chamber via an outlet duct by 10 inhalation or by fan assisted air flow.
A disadvantage of such nebulisers is that the nebulising process continues during exhalation, thereby subjecting the fluid in the chamber to unnecessary transducer vibration which results in unnecessary heating of the 15 fluid due to the dissipation of energy in the transducer and fluid. The nature of the medicinal fluid may consequently be degraded.
A further disadvantage is that exhaled air may pass through the nebulising chamber resulting in loss of airborne fluid.
A further disadvantage is that the transducer is actuated by means of a drive circuit which typicaily comprises a transformer to amplify an oscillating drive signal from a relatively low level to an amplitude of about 50 volts.
Such transformers are relatively expensive and also suffer the disadvantage 25 of affecting the resonance characteristics of the transducer by virtue of theleakage inductance of the transformer forming an oscillating circuit with the capacitance of the transducer.
~ According to the present invention there is disclosed a nebuliser 30 comprising a housing defining a nebulising chamber receiving in use a fluid to be nebulised, the housing defining an intake duct for the intake of ambient air SUBSTITUTE SHE~ (RULE 26) -and an outlet duct for the inhalation of air and nebulised fluid in use, the intake duct and outlet duct respectively communicating with the chamber, a transducer operable to nebulise fluid in the chamber, a drive circuit operable to drive the transducer, a breath sensor operable to provide an actuating 5 signal in response to inhalation via the chamber and a control circuit operable to turn on the drive circuit in response to the actuating signal.
The transducer may thereby be energised only when necessary during inhalation in order to avoid excessive heating of the fluid in the chamber and 10 to avoid unnecessary wastage of fluid.
Preferably the breath sensor comprises a sensor element and a sensor circuit operable to heat the sensor element and to detect the cooling effect of air flow over the sensor element.
Conveniently the sensor element comprises a thermistor.
The sensor element is advantageously located in the intake duct.
~he housing may comprise a base portion and a detachable portion releasably connectable to the base portion and co-operating with the base portion to define the chamber whereby the transducer, the drive circuit and the control circuit may be located in the base portion and the outlet duct may be defined by the detachable portion.
Such an arrangement allows the detachable portion to be removed for cleansing by immersion in a cleansing solution without causing damage to the transducer and circuits. Frequent cleansing of the outlet duct, which includes a mouthpiece, is generally advisable.
SU~T~TUTE SHEET (RUL~ 26) The sensor ~lement may be located on an external surface of the base portion, the detachable portion comprising an intake member co-operating with the external surface to define the intake duct therebetween. The intake member is preferably of U-shaped cross section.
Thi~ arrangement allows the sensor element to form part of the base portion and at the same time to be exposed to air within the intake duct.
Conveniently the intake member is movably mounted relative to a main body of the detachable portion so as to be moveable between an open position in which an intake aperture is defined and a closed position in which the intake aperture is closed. The intake aperture may thereby be closed when the nebuliser is not in use in order to prevent the ingress o~
contaminants into the intake duct.
The housing may comprise an outlet portion defining the outlet duct, the outlet portion being pivotally mounted on the main body of the detachable portion. The outlet portion may also be telescopically extensible, thereby providing convenience in use.
Preferably an inlet valve is provided to allow one way flow of air in the intake duct in a direction towards the chamber. Exhaled air entering the mouthpiece is thereby prevented from passing through the chamber since no exit is provided via the intake duct.
Preferably an outlet valve communicates between the outlet duct and ambient air to allow one way flow of air in a direction out of the outlet duct, thereby responding to positive pressure in the outlet duct to allow exhaled air ~ entering the mouthpiece to be exhausted without passing through the 3 o chamber.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) According to a further aspect of the present invention there is disclosed a nebuliser comprising a housing defining a nebulising chamber, a transducer operable to nebulise fluid in the chamber and a drive circuit connected to the transducer and operable tO apply an alternating voltage 5 across terminals of the transducer at a controlled operating frequency, wherein the drive circuit comprises a bridge circuit having four arms each comprising a respective switching device, two input poles of the bridge circuit being connected to a supply of DC voltage and two output poles of the bridge circuit being connected to the transducer terminals, and wherein 10 the drive circuit is operable to actuate alternate conjugate pairs of the switching devices.
Such a drive circuit has the advantage of avoiding the need to use a transformer between an oscillating circuit and the transducer.
Conveniently the switching devices comprise field effect transistors.
Optionally, an inductor may be connected in series with the transducer in order to boost the peak voltage applied to the transducer terminals.
The transducer preferably comprises a piezoelectric vibrator The nebuliser preferably comprises a control circuit operable to determine the operating frequency of the drive circuit and current sensing 25 means operable to input to the control circuit a measure of the current through the transducer, whereby the control circuit is further operable to control the operating frequency so as to minimise the transducer current.
The transducer may thereby be operated at an anti-resonance 3 o frequency corresponding to a maximum impedance, thereby minimising the amount of heat generated in the transducer.
SUBSTITUTE S~EET (RULE 26) W O 97/3~721 5 PCT/GB97/00~61 The nebuliser preferably comprises a low voltage DC power source and a voltage boost circuit operable to derive the supply of DC voltage therefrom at a value of between 40 and 6~ volts.
The control circuit is typically operable to provide an operating frequency in the range 1.5 to 2.5Mhz.
Preferred embodiments of the p~esent invention will now be described 0 by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying drawings of which;
FIGURE 1 is a schematic sectional side elevation of a nebuliser in accordance with the present invention;
FIGURE 2 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of inlet and outlet valves in the nebuliser of Figure 1 during inhalation;
FIGURE 3 is a further schematic drawing showing the operation of inlet and outlet valves of Figure Z during exhalation;
FIGURE 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a control circuit and drive circuit of the nebuiiser of preceding Figures;
FIGURE 5 is a schematic oblique view of an alternative nebuliser in accordance with the present invention;
FIGURE ~; is a schematic oblique view of the nebuliser of Figure 5 in a stowed configuration;
FIGURE 7 is a schematic oblique view of a further alternative nebuliser in accordance with the present invention;
FIGURE 8 is a schematic oblique view of a further alternative nebuliser in a partially exploded configuration; and FIGURE 9 is a schematic diagram showing the operation of the transducer of Figure 4.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) W O g7/31721 PCT/GB9710056 FIGURE 1 shows schematically a nebuliser 1 having a housing 2 formed of plastics material and shaped so as to be hand holdable and portable. The nebuliser 1 is self powered by means of batteries 3 located within the housing 2 and is operated by means of a switch 4 mounted 5 externally on the housing. The housing 2 comprises a base portion 5 and a detachable portion 6 which is releasably connectable to the base portion by co-operating push fit connector formations 7 to enable the detachable portion to be cleaned by immersion in a cleansing soiution.
o The housing 2 defines a well 8 which in the normal upright orientation of the nebuliser 1 as shown in Figure 1 is capable of holding a quantity of liquid 9 which is required to be nebulised and such that a piezoelectric transducer 10 mounted at the bottom of the well is covered by liquid.
The detachable portion 6 co-operates with the well 8 to define a nebulising chamber 11 in which air above the level of the liquid 9 receives a fine mist of nebulised liquid in use when the transducer 10 is vibrationally excited at an ultrasonic frequency.
The detachable portion 6 has an outlet portion 12 which is generally tubular and defines an outlet duct 13 communicating between the chsmber 11 and a mouthpiece 14 through which air from the chamber may be inhaled by a user.
The detachable portion 6 also defines an elongate intake member 15 which is generally U-shaped in cross section and overlays an external surface 16 of the base portion 5 to define therebetween an intake duct 17. An upper portion 18 of the intake member 15 overlays a wall 19 of the detachable portion 6, the wall defining an intake port 20 communicating between the intake duct 17 and the chamber 1 1 . A one way inlet valve 21, shown schematically as a simple flap valve, is deployed in the intake port so as to SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) allow air into the chamber 11 via the intake port but to prevent the out flow of air therefrom.
A side wall 22 of the outlet portion 12 defines a vent 23 in which is - 5 deployed an outlet valve 24 shown schematically as a simple flap valve. The outlet valve 24 allows exhaled air entering the outlet duct to be vented to atrnosphere and prevents air from entering the outlet duct via the vent 23 during inhalation.
A sensor element 25 constituted by a thermistor is mounted on the external surface 16 so as to be exposed to air within the intake duct 17, the sensor element being connected to a sensor circuit 26 as indicated schematically in Figure g which is operable to produce an actuating signal 30 representative of the sensed temperature of air in the intake duct.
The actuating signal 30 of the sensor circuit 26 is input to a control circuit 27 which responds to a transient decrease in sensed temperature by actuating a drive circuit 28 which operates to apply a high frequency drive signal to the transducer 10. The transducer 10 responds by dissipating 20 vibrational energy into the liquid 9 with resulting nebulisation.
The control circuit 27 turns off the drive circuit 28 after a predetermined period which in the preferred embodiment is 0.3 seconds. The predetermined period is selected such that nebulisation occurs during an 25 initial phase of the breathing cycle of the user and specifically during the first half of an inhalation period. This ensures that nebulisation begins with the commencement of inhalation, as a result of the cooling affect of the inflow of air through the intake duct 17, and nebulisation ceases before inhalation is completed, thereby avoiding unnecessary nebulisation of liquid since droplets 30 made airborne during the last part of the intake of breath would have a low SU~STITUTE SHEET ~RULE 26~
probability of being delivered to the intended site of deposition within the lungs of the user because of the finite time taken to travel to this site.
During exhalation, air fiow through the intake duct 17 ceases because 5 the intake port 20 is closed by operation of the inlet valve 21.
The operation of the valves 21 and 24 is illustrated schematically in Figures 2 and 3.
lo In Figure 2 the inhalation of breath is shown to result in air flowing into the intake duct 17, through the intake port 20 via the inlet valve 21, through the chamber 11 and through the mouthpiece 14 via the outlet duct 13.
During inhalation, the vent 23 is closed by operation of the outlet valve 15 24 which is closed by negative pressure within the outlet duct 13.
Nebulised droplets 29 are made airborne within the chamber by the vibration of the transducer 10 and are carried into the user's lungs via the mouthpiece 14 by the airflow.
At the end of the predetermined period, actuation of the transducer 10 ceases and inhaled air continues to flow through the outlet duct 13, carrying with it the remnants of nebulised droplets from the chamber 11. Inhalation then ceases and exhalation commences, thereby creating positive pressure 25 within the outlet duct 13 and opening the valve 24. At the same time, positive pressure within the chamber 11 causes the inlet valve 21 to close, thereby preventing the flow of air over the sensor element 25. Consequentiy actuation of the transducer 10 is prevented since the control circuit 27 does not receive a temperature change signal.
This cycle of operation repeats with every inhalation of the user.
SUBSTITUTE SHFET (RULE 26) -In Figure 4, the drive circuit 28 is illustrated in greater detail and includes a bridge circuit 31 of four FET (Field Effect Transistors) 32a, 32b, 32c and 32d constituting four arms of the bridge circuit. Two input poles 5 33a, 33b are connected to a ~, supply voltage supplied by a voltage boost circuit 34 which generates a 50volt DC output from a low voltage provided by the batteries 3.
Output poles 35a, 35b of the bridge circuit 31 are connected to the lo terminals of the piezoelectric transducer 10, an inductor 36 being connected in series with the transducer.
The FETs 32a to 32d are connected to the outputs of an integrated circuit 37 operable to alternately switch the FETs in conjugate pairs 35a, 35b and 32b, 32d so as to oscillate the transducer 10 at a frequency of approximateiy 2Mi~tz.
The inductor 36 serves to enhance the peak frequency of the transducer drive.
The transducer current is sensed by means of resistor 38 connected to a current sensing input of the integrated circuit 37 and the temperature of the transducer is monitored by means of temperature sensor 39, also connected to an input of the integrated circuit 37.
The sensor element 25, together with a further temperature sensor 40 for measuring the temperature of the drive circuit, are also connected to respective inputs of the integrated circuit :~7.
SUBST~TUTE SHEET (RU~E 26) The control circuit 27 in the form of a micro-controller is connected to the integrated circuit 37 via a bi-directional databus 31 and receives user inputs via manual switch 4.
The control circuit 27 also has outputs to indicator lights 41 which indicate low battery level and also indicate complete exhaustion of the liquid within the well 8.
A 10MHz oscillator 42 iS also connected to the control circuit 27 in order to control operation of the micro-controller.
A diagnostic port 43 is also shown connected to the micro-controller 27.
The control circuit 27 controls the drive frequency at which the integrated circuit 37 switches the FETs 35a to 35d in a manner which minimises the sensed value of the transducer current. The current drawn by the transducer 10 will vary as a function of drive frequency and typically exhibits a peak value coinciding with a resonance condition of the transducer.
By feed back control of the transducer operation to minimise current, it is therefore possible to operate the transducer at an anti-resonance frequency at which it exhibits a maximum impedance. This impedance will vary accordinç~
to whether there is liquid remaining in the well 8, a change in the measured value of the sensed current at anti-resonance being detected by the control circuit 27 as an indication of liquid within the well 8 having been exhausted.
Actuation of the drive circuit 28 may then be automatically discontinued and a warning signal displayed via the indicator lights 41.
Alternative nebulisers are illustrated with reference to Figures 5 to 8 3 o using corresponding reference numerals to those of preceding Figures for corresponding elements where appropriate.
SUB5rl~E SHEET (RULE 26 W O 97/31721 ll PCT/GB97/00561 In Figure 5, a nebuliser 1 has an intake member 15 which is slidable longitudinally relative to the detachable portion 6 between a depioyed position as shown in Figure 5 and a stowed position as shown in Figure 6. In 5 the stowed position of Figure 6, a mouth 44 constituting an intake aperture of the intake duct 17 is closed by contact between the intake member 15 and a shoulder portion 45 of the base portion 5. in the deployed position of Figure 5 however, the mouth 44 is opened since the intake member 15 is longitudinally displaced in a direction away from the shoulder 45, thereby 10 allowing the intake of air.
The switch 4 is located on the shoulder portion 45 so as to be accessible only in the deployed configuration of Figure 5, thereby preventing accidental actuation of the nebuliser 1 in the stowed position of Figure 6 15 when the nebuliser is stored between use.
The outlet portion 12 is pivotally connected to the detachable portion 6 so as to define the outlet duct 13 and includes an extension portion 46 which is telescopically extensible and which includes the mouthpiece 14. The use 20 of the pivotal connection and the telescopic extension portion 46 allows the nebuliser 1 to be adiustable in use for the comfort of the user.
The extension portion 46 is stowed in a retracted position within the outlet portion 12 which is pivoted so as to extend in contact with the base 2~ portion 5 when stowed as shown in Figure 6.
In the stowed configuration as shown in Figure 6, the mouthpiece 14 is shielded against the ingress of contaminates such as dust during storage of the nebuliser 1. This is important in order to prevent the inhalation of 30 contaminates, particularly when administering asthma relieving drugs.
SUBSTmrrE SHE~ (RULE 26~
A further nebuliser 1 shown in Figure 7 has similar operating features to those of the nebuliser of Figures 5 and 6 and similarly includes a pivotal outlet portion 12 which is shown in a stowed position. The outlet portion 12 is however on the same side of the housing 2 as the switch 4 and the switch 5 is a permanently accessible rotary switch.
A further alternative nebuliser 1 is shown in Figure 8 in a partly exploded configuration, revealing the well 8 defining the nebulising chamber 1 1. The outlet portion 12 is telescopically extensible by means of a slider 47 lo and pivotally mounted on the detachable portion 6.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
Claims (28)
1. A nebuliser comprising a housing defining a nebulising chamber receiving in use a fluid to be nebulised, the housing defining an intake duct for the intake of ambient air and an outlet duct for the inhalation of air and nebulised fluid in use, the intake duct and outlet duct respectively communicating with the chamber, a transducer operable to nebulise fluid in the chamber, a drive circuit operable to drive the transducer, a breath sensor operable to provide an actuating signal in response to inhalation via the chamber and a control circuit operable to turn on the drive circuit in response to the actuating signal.
2. A nebuliser as claimed in claim 1 wherein the breath sensor comprises a sensor element and a sensor circuit operable to heat the sensor element and to detect the cooling effect of air flow over the sensor element.
3. A nebuliser as claimed in claim 2 wherein the sensor element comprises a thermistor.
4. A nebuliser as claimed in any of claims 2 and 3 wherein the sensor element is located in the intake duct.
5. A nebuliser as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the housing comprises a base portion and a detachable portion releasably connectable to the base portion and co-operating with the base portion to define the chamber, wherein the transducer, the drive circuit and the control circuit are located in the base portion and wherein the outlet duct is defined by the detachable portion.
6. A nebuliser as claimed in claim 4 wherein the sensor element is located on an external surface of the base portion, the detachable portion comprising an intake member co-operating with the external surface to define the intake duct therebetween.
7. A nebuliser as claimed in claim 6 wherein the intake member is of U-shaped cross section.
8. A nebuliser as claimed in any of claims 6 and 7 wherein the intake member is movably mounted relative to a main body of the detachable portion so as to be movable between an open position in which an intake aperture is defined and a closed position in which the intake aperture is closed.
9. A nebuliser as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the housing comprises an outlet portion defining the outlet duct and wherein the outlet portion is pivotally mounted on the main body of the detachable portion.
10. A nebuliser as claimed in claim 9 wherein the outlet portion is telescopically extensible.
11. A nebuliser as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the control circuit comprises a timer circuit operable to discontinue actuation of the transducer after a predetermined period of actuation.
12. A nebuliser as claimed in any preceding claim comprising an inlet valve operable to allow one way flow of air in the intake duct in a direction towards the chamber.
13. A nebuliser as claimed in any preceding claim comprising an outlet valve communicating between the outlet duct and ambient air and operable to allow one way flow of air in a direction out of the outlet duct so as to exhaust exhaled.
14. A nebuliser comprising a housing defining a nebulising chamber receiving in use a fluid to be nebulised, the housing defining an intake duct for the intake of ambient air and an outlet duct for the inhalation of air and nebulised fluid in use, the intake duct and outlet duct respectively communicating with the chamber, a transducer operable to nebulise fluid in the chamber, and a drive circuit operable to drive the transducer, wherein the housing comprises a base portion and a detachable portion releasably connectable to the base portion and co-operating with the base portion to define the chamber, wherein the transducer and, the drive circuit are located in the base portion and wherein the outlet duct is defined by the detachable portion.
15. A nebuliser as claimed in claim 14 wherein the detachable portion comprising an intake member co-operating with an external surface of the base portion to define the intake duct therebetween.
16. A nebuliser as claimed in any of claims 14 and 15 wherein the intake member is movably mounted relative to a main body of the detachable portion so as to be movable between an open position in which an intake aperture is defined and a closed position in which the intake aperture is closed.
17. A nebuliser as claimed in any of claims 14 to 16 wherein the housing comprises an outlet portion defining the outlet duct and wherein the outlet portion is pivotally mounted on the main body of the detachable portion.
18. A nebuliser as claimed in claim 17 wherein the outlet portion is telescopically extensible.
19. A nebuliser as claimed in any of claims 14 to 18 comprising an inlet valve operable to allow one way flow of air in the intake duct in a direction towards the chamber.
20. A nebuliser as claimed in any of claims 14 to 19 comprising an outlet valve communicating between the outlet duct and ambient air and operable to allow one way flow of air in a direction out of the outlet duct so as to exhaust exhaled air.
21. A nebuliser comprising a housing defining a nebulising chamber, a transducer operable to nebulise fluid in the chamber and a drive circuit connected to the transducer and operable to apply an alternating voltage across terminals of the transducer at a controlled operating frequency, wherein the drive circuit comprises a bridge circuit having four arms each comprising a respective switching device, two input poles of the bridge circuit being connected to a supply of DC voltage and two output poles of the bridge circuit being connected to the transducer terminals, and wherein the drive circuit is operable to actuate alternate conjugate pairs of the switching devices.
22. A nebuliser as claimed in claim 21 wherein the switching devices comprise field effect transistors.
23. A nebuliser as claimed in any of claims 21 and 22 wherein an inductor is connected in series with the transducer.
24. A nebuliser as claimed in any of claims 21 to 23 wherein the transducer comprises a piezoelectric vibrator.
25. A nebuliser as claimed in claim 24 comprising a control circuit operable to determine the operating frequency of the drive circuit and current sensing means operable to input to the control circuit a measure of the current through the transducer, wherein the control circuit is operable to control the operating frequency so as to minimise the transducer current.
26. A nebuliser as claimed in any of claims 21 to 25 comprising a low voltage DC power source and a voltage boost circuit operable to derive the supply of DC voltage therefrom at a value between 40 and 60 volts.
27. A nebuliser as claimed in any of claims 21 to 26 wherein the control circuit is operable to provide an operating frequency in the range 1.5 to 2.5 MHz.
28. A nebuliser substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in any of the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9604065.4 | 1996-02-27 | ||
| GBGB9604065.4A GB9604065D0 (en) | 1996-02-27 | 1996-02-27 | A nebuliser |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2219341A1 true CA2219341A1 (en) | 1997-09-04 |
Family
ID=10789438
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2219341 Abandoned CA2219341A1 (en) | 1996-02-27 | 1997-02-27 | A nebuliser |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0833695A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH11504567A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2223197A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2219341A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB9604065D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997031721A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19962280A1 (en) * | 1999-12-23 | 2001-07-12 | Draeger Medizintech Gmbh | Ultrasonic evaporator for liquids has exciter circuit to operate transducer at optimum vibration range |
| ZA200306564B (en) * | 2001-02-26 | 2004-10-15 | Optinose As | Nasal devices. |
| DE10122065B4 (en) * | 2001-05-07 | 2007-10-04 | Pari GmbH Spezialisten für effektive Inhalation | Apparatus for generating liquid droplets with a vibrated membrane |
| TW562704B (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2003-11-21 | Purzer Pharmaceutical Co Ltd | Ultrasonic atomizer device for generating high contents of sub-micron atomized droplets |
| US20070235555A1 (en) * | 2006-04-11 | 2007-10-11 | Helf Thomas A | Electronic aerosol device |
| JP4695940B2 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2011-06-08 | キヤノン株式会社 | Inhaler |
| JP2009506850A (en) * | 2005-09-06 | 2009-02-19 | インテリジェント メディカル テクノロジーズ プロプライエタリー リミテッド | Nebulizer |
| JP2008178503A (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2008-08-07 | Health & Life Co Ltd | Piezoelectric actuator system of atomizer |
| US20120114809A1 (en) * | 2008-12-03 | 2012-05-10 | Edwards David A | Delivering aerosolizable food products |
| ES2571985T3 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2016-05-27 | Johnson & Son Inc S C | Resonant circuit to control a piezoelectric element |
| JP5845564B2 (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2016-01-20 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | Electrostatic spraying equipment |
| WO2013063119A2 (en) | 2011-10-24 | 2013-05-02 | Aerodesigns, Inc. | Dispensing aerosols |
| US20140377130A1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-12-25 | David A. Edwards | Systems, methods and articles to provide olfactory sensations |
| GB2536261A (en) * | 2015-03-11 | 2016-09-14 | Linde Ag | An ultrasonic piezo nebuliser |
| GB201610220D0 (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-07-27 | Nicoventures Holdings Ltd | Aerosol delivery device |
| US11666713B2 (en) | 2019-12-15 | 2023-06-06 | Shaheen Innovations Holding Limited | Mist inhaler devices |
| JP7480338B2 (en) | 2019-12-15 | 2024-05-09 | シャヒーン イノベーションズ ホールディング リミテッド | Ultrasonic Mist Inhaler |
| KR20220141281A (en) | 2019-12-15 | 2022-10-19 | 샤힌 이노베이션즈 홀딩 리미티드 | Ultrasonic mist suction device |
| US11730191B2 (en) | 2019-12-15 | 2023-08-22 | Shaheen Innovations Holding Limited | Hookah device |
| US11730193B2 (en) | 2019-12-15 | 2023-08-22 | Shaheen Innovations Holding Limited | Hookah device |
| EP3860696B1 (en) | 2019-12-15 | 2024-04-10 | Shaheen Innovations Holding Limited | Ultrasonic mist inhaler |
| SI3837999T1 (en) | 2019-12-15 | 2022-10-28 | Shaheen Innovations Holding Limited | Mist inhaler devices |
| US11589610B2 (en) | 2019-12-15 | 2023-02-28 | Shaheen Innovations Holding Limited | Nicotine delivery device having a mist generator device and a driver device |
| GB2612211A (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2023-04-26 | Shaheen Innovations Holding Ltd | An infectious disease screening system |
| CA3180787A1 (en) | 2020-06-01 | 2021-12-09 | Imad Lahoud | An infectious disease screening device |
| USD1016622S1 (en) | 2021-06-17 | 2024-03-05 | Sensory Cloud, Inc. | Aerosol dispenser |
| US20230188901A1 (en) | 2021-12-15 | 2023-06-15 | Shaheen Innovations Holding Limited | Apparatus for transmitting ultrasonic waves |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3812854A (en) * | 1972-10-20 | 1974-05-28 | A Michaels | Ultrasonic nebulizer |
| US4976259A (en) * | 1986-12-22 | 1990-12-11 | Mountain Medical Equipment, Inc. | Ultrasonic nebulizer |
| FI82808C (en) * | 1987-12-31 | 1991-04-25 | Etelae Haemeen Keuhkovammayhdi | Ultraljudfinfördelningsanordning |
| DE8902559U1 (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1989-04-27 | Gaplast Gmbh, 8111 Saulgrub, De | |
| AU9089591A (en) * | 1990-12-17 | 1992-07-22 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Inhaler |
| GB2279014B (en) * | 1993-06-02 | 1997-07-16 | Niall Keaney | Device for controlling delivery of respiratory drugs |
| US5758637A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1998-06-02 | Aerogen, Inc. | Liquid dispensing apparatus and methods |
-
1996
- 1996-02-27 GB GBGB9604065.4A patent/GB9604065D0/en active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-02-27 JP JP9530716A patent/JPH11504567A/en active Pending
- 1997-02-27 WO PCT/GB1997/000561 patent/WO1997031721A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-02-27 AU AU22231/97A patent/AU2223197A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-02-27 EP EP97905301A patent/EP0833695A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-02-27 CA CA 2219341 patent/CA2219341A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2223197A (en) | 1997-09-16 |
| GB9604065D0 (en) | 1996-05-01 |
| WO1997031721A1 (en) | 1997-09-04 |
| JPH11504567A (en) | 1999-04-27 |
| EP0833695A1 (en) | 1998-04-08 |
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