CA2217038C - Virtual network configuration and management system for satellite communications system - Google Patents

Abstract

In a mobile satellite system, a system for providing satellite communication between multiple users in a virtual network arrangement includes first and second mobile earth terminals (METs) responsively connected to and registering with the mobile satellite system. The first MET selects a virtual network identifier (VN ID) representing a virtual network group including the first and second METs to establish voice communication therewith and transmits the VN ID to a central controller. The central controller receives the VN ID from the first MET, validates the first MET for communication, validates the VN ID, allocates a frequency for the virtual network group, and broadcasts the message to the virtual network group including the second MET informing the virtual network group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith.
The second MET tunes to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller.

Description

VIRTUAL NETWORK CONFIGURATION AND MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
Technical Field The present invention relates generally to a satellite trunked radio service system for satellite communication, and more particularly, to a virtual network configuration and management system for satellite communication utilizing a shared satellite demand period circuit associated with private voice networks.

WO 97!20362 PCT/US96/19120 Background Art An overview of the satellite network system is illustrated in Figure 1. The satellite network system design provides the capability for METs and FESs to access one or more multiple beam satellites located in geostationary orbit to obtain communications services.
The heart of the satellite network system for each of the networks is the Network Control System (NCS) which monitors and controls each of the networks. The principal function of the NCS is to manage the overall satellite network system, to manage access to the satellite network system, to assign satellite circuits to meet the requirements of mobile customers and to provide network management and network administrative and call accounting functions.
The satellites each transmit and receive signals to and from METs at L-band frequencies and to and from Network Communications Controllers (NCCs) and Feederlink Earth Stations (FESs) at Ku-band frequencies. Communications at L-band frequencies is via a number of satellite beams which together cover the service area. The satellite beams are sufficiently strong to permit voice and data communications using inexpensive mobile terminals and will provide for frequency reuse of the L-band spectrum through inter-beam isolation. A single beam generally covers the service area.
The satellite network system provides the capability for mobile earth terminals to access one or more multiple beam satellites located in geostationary orbit for the purposes of providing mobile communications services. The satellite network system is desired to provide the following general categories of service:
Mobile Telephone Service (MTS). This service provides point-to-point circuit switched voice connections between mobile and public switched -telephone network (PSTN) subscriber stations. It is possible for calls to be originated by either the mobile terminal or terrestrial user. Mobile terminal-s to-mobile terminal calls are also supported.
Mobile Radio Service (MRS). This service provides point-to-point circuit switched connections between mobile terminal subscriber stations and subscriber stations in a private network (PN) which is not a part l0 of the PSTN. It is possible for calls to be originated from either end. Mobile terminal-to-mobile terminal calls are also supported.
Mobile Telephone Cellular Roaming Service (MTCRS).
This service provides Mobile Telephone Service to 15 mobile subscribers who are also equipped with cellular radio telephones. When the mobile terminal is within range of the cellular system, calls are serviced by the cellular system. When the mobile terminal is not in range of the cellular system, the MTCRS is selected to 20 handle the call and appears to the user to be a part of the cellular system. When the mobile terminal is not in range of the cellular system, the MTCRS is selected to handle the call and appears to the user to be a part of the cellular system. It is possible for calls to be 25 originated either from the MET or the PSTN. Mobile terminal-to-mobile terminal calls are also supported.
Mobile Data Service (MDS). This service provides a packet switched connection between a data terminal equipment (DTE) device at a mobile terminal and a data 30 communications equipment (DCE)/DTE device connected to a public switched packet network. Integrated voice/data operation is also supported.
The satellites are designed to transmit signals at L-band frequencies in the frequency band 1530-1559 MHz.
35 They will receive L-band frequencies in the frequency band 1631.5 - 1660.5 MHz. Polarization is right hand circular in both bands. The satellites will also transmit in the Ku frequency band, 10,750 MHz to 10;950 MHz, and receive Ku-band signals in the frequency band 13,000 to 13,250 MHz.
The satellite transponders are designed to translate communications signals accessing the satellite at Ku-band frequencies to an L-band frequency in a given beam and vice versa. The translation will be such that there is a one-to-one relation between frequency spectrum at Ku-band and frequency spectrum in any beam at L-band. The satellite transponders will be capable of supporting L-band communications in any portion of the 29 MHz allocation in any beam.
Transponder capacity is also provided for Ku-band uplink to Ku-band down-link for signalling and network management purposes between FESs and NCCs. The aggregate effective isotropic radiated power (AEIRP) is defined as that satellite e.i.r.p. that would result if the total available communications power of the communications subsystem was applied to the beam that covers that part of the service area. Some of the key performance parameters of the satellite are listed in Figure 2.
The satellite network system interfaces to a number of entities which are required to access it for various purposes. Figure 3 is a context diagram of the satellite network system illustrating these entities and their respective interfaces. Three major classes of entities are defined as user of communications services, external organizations requiring coordination, and network management system.
The users of satellite network communications services are MET users who access the satellite network system either via terrestrial networks (PSTN, PSDN, or Private Networks) or via METs for the purpose of using the services provided by the system. FES

WO 97!10362 PCT/US96/19120 Owner/Operators are those organizations which own and control FESs that provide a terrestrial interface to the satellite network. When an FES becomes a part of the satellite network, it must meet specified technical 5 performance criteria and interact with and accept real-time control from the NCCs. FES Owner/Operators determine the customized services that are offered and are ultimately responsible for the operation and maintenance of the FES. Customers and service providers interact with the Customer Management Information System within the Network Management System.
The satellite network system interfaces to, and performs transactions with, the external organizations described below:
Satellite Operations Center (SOC): The SOC is not included in the satellite network ground segment design: However, the satellite network system interfaces with the SOC in order to maintain cognizance of the availability of satellite resources (e.g. in the event of satellite health problems, eclipse operations, etc.) and, from time to time, to arrange for any necessary satellite reconfiguration to meet changes in traffic requirements.
NOC: The satellite network system interfaces with the satellites located therein via the NOC for a variety of operational reasons including message delivery and coordination.
Independent NOCs: The satellite network system interfaces with outside organizations which lease resources on satellite network satellites and which are responsible for managing and allocating these resources in a manner suited to their own needs.
Other System NOCs: This external entity represents outside organizations which do not lease resources on WO 97!10362 PCT/US96/19120 satellite network satellites but with whom operational coordination is required.
The satellite network management system (NMS) is normally located at an administration's headquarters and may comprise three major functional entities;
Customer Management Information System (CMIS), Network Engineering, and System Engineering (NE/SE). These entities perform functions necessary for the management and maintenance of the satellite network system which are closely tied to the way the administration intends to do business. The basic functions which are performed by CMIS, Network Engineering, and System Engineering are as follows:
Customer Management Information System: This entity provides customers and service providers with assistance and information including problem resolution, service changes, and billing/usage data.
Customers include individual MET owners and fleet managers of larger corporate customers. Service providers are the retailers and maintenance organizations which interact face to face with individual and corporate customers.
Network Engineering: This entity develops plans and performs analysis in support of the system.
Network Engineering analyzes the requirements of the network. It reconciles expected traffic loads with the capability and availability of space and ground resources to produce frequency plans for the different beams within the system. In addition, Network Engineering defines contingency plans for failure situations.
System Engineering: This entity engineers the subsystems, equipment and software which is needed to' expand capacity to meet increases in traffic demands and to provide new features and services which become marketable to subscribers.

The satellite network system comprises a number of system elements and their interconnecting communications links as illustrated in Figure 4. The system elements are the NOC, the NCC, the FES, the MET, the Remote Monitor Station (RMS), and the System Test Station (STS). The interconnecting communications links are the satellite network Internetwork, terrestrial links, the MET signaling channels, the Interstation signaling channels, and the MET-FES
communications channels. The major functions of each of the system elements are as follows:
NOC. The NOC manages and controls the resources of the satellite network system and carries out the administrative functions associated with the management of the total satellite network system. The NOC
communicates with the various internal and external entities via a local area network (LAN)/wide area network (WAN) based satellite network Internetwork and dial-up lines.
NCC. The NCC manages the real time allocation of circuits between METs and FESs for the purposes of supporting communications. The available circuits are held in circuit pools managed by Group Controllers (GCs) within the NCC. The NCC communicates with the NOC via the satellite network Internetwork, with FESs via Ku-to-Ku band interstation signaling channels or terrestrial links, and with mobile terminals via Ku-to-L band signaling channels.
FES. The FES supports communications links between METs, the PSTN, private networks, and other MTs. Once a channel is established with an MET, call completion and service feature management is accomplished via In-Band signaling over the communication channel. Two types of FESs have been defined for the satellite network system; Gateway FESs and Base FESs. Gateway FESs provide MTS, MRS, MTCRS and NR services. Base FESs are for like services and/or value added services.
MET. The MET provides the mobile user access to the communications channels and services provided by S the satellite network system. A range of terminal types has been defined for the satellite network system.
RMS. The RMS monitors L-band RF spectrum and transmission performance in specific L-band beams. An RMS is nominally located in each L-band beam. Each RMS
interfaces with the NOC via either a satellite or terrestrial link.
STS. The STS provides an L-band network access capability to support FES commissioning tests and network service diagnostic tests. The STS is collocated with, and interfaced to, the NOC.
Communications channels transport voice, data and facsimile transmissions between METs and FESs via the satellite. Connectivity for MET-to-MET calls is accomplished by double hopping the communications channels via equipped FESs. Signaling channels are used to set up and tear down communications circuits, to monitor and control FES and MET operation, and to transport other necessary information between network elements for the operation o~ satellite network. The system provides Out-of-Band and Interstation signaling channels for establishing calls and transferring information. In-Band signaling is provided on established communications channels for supervisory and feature activation purposes. A detailed description of the satellite network signaling system architecture.is provided in L. White, et al., "North American Mobile Satellite System Signaling Architecture," AIAA 14th International Communications Satellite Conference, Washington, DC (March 1992), WO 97/Z0362 PCTlUS96/19120 The satellite network Internetwork provides interconnection among the major satellite network ground system elements such as the NOCs, NCCs, and Data Hubs, as well as external entities. Various leased and dial-up lines are used for specific applications within the satellite network system such as backup interstation links between the NCC and-FESs and interconnection of RMSs with the NOC.
The primary function of the NOC is to manage and control the resources of the satellite network system.
Figure 5 is a basic block diagram of the NOC and its interface. The NOC computer is shown with network connections, peripheral disks, fault tolerant features, and expansion capabilities to accommodate future growth. The NOC software is represented as two major layers, a functional layer and a support layer. The functional layer represents the application specific portion of the NOC software. The support layer represents software subsystems which provide a general class of services and are used by the subsystems in the functional layer.
The application specific functions performed by the NOC are organized according to five categories: fault management, accounting management, configuration management, performance management, and security management. The general NCC Terminal Equipment (NCCTE) configuration showing constituent equipment includes:
processing equipment, communications equipment, mass' storage equipment, man-machine interface equipment, and optional secure MET Access Security Key (ASK) storage equipment. The Processing Equipment consists of one or more digital processors that provide overall NCC
control, NCS call processing, network access processing and internetwork communications processing.
The Communications Equipment consists of satellite signaling and communications channel units and FES

terrestrial communication link interface units. The Mass Storage Equipment provides NCC network configuration database storage, call record spool buffering an executable program storage. The Man-5 Machine Interface Equipment provides operator command, display and hard copy facilities, and operator access to the computer operating systems. The MET ASK storage Equipment pxovides a physically secure facility for protecting and distributing MET Access Security Keys.

10 The NCCTE comprises three functional subsystems:
NCCTE Common Equipment Subsystem, Group Controller Subsystem, and Network Access Subsystem. The NCCTE
Common Equipment subsystem comprises an NCC Controller, NCCTE mass storage facilities, and the NCCTE man-machine interface. The NCC Controller consists of processing and database resources which perform functions which are common to multiple Group Controllers. These functions include satellite network Internetwork communications, central control and monitoring of the NCCTE and NCCRE, storage of the network configuration, buffering of FES and Group Controller call accounting data, transfer of transaction information to the Off-line NCC and control and monitoring of FESs.
The Mass Storage element provides NCC network configuration database storage, call accounting data spool buffering, and NCCTE executable program storage.
The Man-machine Interface provides Operator command and display facilities for control and monitoring of NCC
operation and includes hard copy facilities for logging events and alarms. A Group Controller (GC) is the physical NCC entity consisting of hardware and software processing resources that provides real time control according to the CG database received from the NOC.
The Group Controller Subsystem may incorporate one to four Group Controllers. Each Group Controller maintains state machines for every call in progress within the Control Group. It allocates and de-allocates circuits for FES-MET calls within each beam of the system, manages virtual network call processing, MET authentication, and provides certain elements of call accounting. When required, it provides satellite bandwidth resources to the NOC for AMS(R)S resource provisioning. The Group Controller monitors the performance of call processing and satellite circuit pool utilization. It also performs MET management, commissioning and periodic performance verification testing.
The Network Access Subsystem consists of satellite interface channel equipment for Out-of-Band signaling and Interstation Signaling which are used to respond to MET and FES requests for communications services. The Network Access Processor also includes MET
communications interfaces that are used to perform MET
commission testing. In addition, the subsystem includes terrestrial data link equipment for selected FES Interstation Signaling.
The principal function of the FES is to provide the required circuit switched connections between the satellite radio channels, which provide communications links to the mobile earth terminals, and either the PSTN or PN. FESs will be configured as Gateway Stations (GS) to provide MTS and MTCRS services or Base Stations to provide MRS services (described in detail below). Gateway and Base functions can be combined in a single station.
The FES operates under the real time control of the Network Communications Controller (NCC) to implement the call set-up and take-down procedures of the communications channels to and from the METs. Control of the FES by the NCC is provided via the interstation signaling channels. An FES will support multiple Control Groups and Virtual Networks. The FES is partitioned into two major functional blocks, the FES' RF Equipment (FES-RE) and the FES Terminal Equipment (FES-TE). The principal function of the FES-RE is to provide the radio transmission functions for the FES.
In the transmit direction it combines all signals from the communications and interstation signaling channel unit outputs from the FES-TE, and amplifies them and up-convert these to Ku-Band for transmission to the l0 satellite via the antenna. In the receive direction, signals received from the satellite are down-converted from Ku-Band, amplified and distributed to the channel units within the FES-TE. Additional functions include satellite induced Doppler correction, satellite tracking and uplink power control to combat rain fades.
The principal function of the FES-TE is to perform the basic call processing functions for the FES and to connect the METs to the appropriate PSTN or PN port.
Under control of the NCC, the FES assigns communications channel units to handle calls initiated by MET or PSTN subscribers. The FES-TE also performs alarm reporting, call detail record recording, and provision of operator interfaces.
For operational convenience, an FES may in some cases be collocated with the NCC. In this event, the NCC RF Equipment will be shared by the two system elements and the interstation signaling may be via a LAN. Connection to and from the PSTN is via standard North American interconnect types as negotiated with the organization providing PSTN interconnection. This will typically be a primary rate digital interconnect.
Connection to and from private networks is via standard North American interconnect types as negotiated with the organization requesting satellite network service.
This will typically be a primary rate digital interconnect for larger FESs or an analog interconnect for FESs equipped with only a limited number of channels may be employed.
It has been discovered that there is a general need for an integrated mobile telephone that can be used to transmit to, and receive from, to communicate in a virtual network arrangement that allows each member of the group to hear what any other user is saying. Each member of the group can also talk when needed. The system behaves like a radio multi-party line where several parties communicate over the same communication channel. Public services and law enforcement agencies are typical users of this service, which is normally provided by either traditional terrestrial radio networks or by the more recent trunked radio systems.
These trunked systems, generally in the 800-900 MHz band, provide groups of end users with virtual network systems by assigning frequencies on a demand basis. In this connection, however, it has been discovered that an integrated mobile communication device is needed that provides this ability to communicate in a virtual network of a satellite communications system.
It has also been discovered the need for a nationwide and regional point-to-multipoint mobile communication service that is not limited in coverage.
Summary of the Invention It i's a feature and advantage of the present invention to provide an integrated mobile telephone that can be used to transmit and receive in a virtual network arrangement that allows each member of the group to hear what any other user is saying.
It is another feature and advantage of the present invention to permit each member of the group to talk when needed, and to provide a system that behaves like a radio multi-party line.

It is a further feature and advantage of the present invention to provide an integrated mobile communication device that can communicate in a virtual network of a satellite network.
It is another feature and advantage of the present invention to provide an inexpensive virtual network satellite service to the owner of the group.
It is another feature and advantage of the present invention to minimize the call set-up time for one shared circuit per virtual network.
It is another feature and advantage of the present invention to generally effectively and efficiently effectuate transmissions between mobile communication devices and the satellite network in a virtual network environment by utilizing an efficient communication protocol.
It is another feature and advantage of the invention to provide a nationwide and regional point-to-multipoint mobile communication service that is not limited in coverage.
The present invention is based, in part, on the desirability of providing point-to-multipoint circuit switched connections between mobile terminal subscriber stations and a central base station in a virtual network.
Mobile users are able to listen to two-way conversations and to transmit.
To achieve these and other features and advantages of the present invention, there is provided in a mobile satellite system including a satellite communication switching office having a satellite antenna for at least one of receiving and transmitting a satellite message via a satellite at least one of from and to a vehicle using a mobile communication system, a central controller at least one of receiving and transmitting the satellite message at least one of from and to the satellite communication switching office issued from the vehicle via the satellite, a method of providing satellite communication and satellite management for multiple users in a virtual network arrangement, said method comprising the steps of:
5 (a) first and second mobile earth terminals (METs) registering with the mobile satellite system;
(b) the first MET selecting a virtual network identifier (VN ID) representing a virtual network group including at least the first and second METs to establish 10 voice communication therewith;
(c) the first MET transmitting the VN ID to the central controller;
(d) the central controller receiving the VN ID, allocating a frequency for the virtual network group, and 15 broadcasting the message to the virtual network group including the second MET informing the virtual network group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith;
(e) the second MET tuning to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller; and (f) the first and second METs communicating with each other on the frequency.

In one embodiment of the invention, a system for providing satellite communication between multiple users in a virtual network arrangement includes first and second mobile earth terminals (METs) responsively connected to and registering with the mobile satellite system. The first MET selects a virtual network identifier (VN ID) respresenting a virtual network group including the first and second METs to establish voice communication therewith and transmits the VN ID to a central controller. The central controller receives the VN ID from the first MET, allocates a frequency for the virtual network group, and broadcasts the message to the virtual network group including the second MET informing the virtual network group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith. The second MET tunes to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller.
In another embodiment of the invention, a method of providing satellite communication between multiple users in a virtual network arrangement includes the steps of first and second mobile earth terminals (METs) WO 9'II20362 PCT/US96/19120 registering with the mobile satellite system, the first MET selecting a virtual network identifier (VN ID) representing a virtual network group including the first and second METs to establish voice communication therewith. The method also includes the steps of the first MET transmitting the VN ID to the central controller, the central controller receiving the VN ID, allocating a frequency for the virtual network group, and broadcasting the message to the virtual network group including the second MET informing the virtual network group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith. The method also includes the steps of the second MET tuning to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller.
In another embodiment of the invention, the method also includes the steps of a third MET included in the virtual network group registering with the mobile satellite system, and the central controller broadcasting the message to the virtual network group including the third MET informing the virtual network group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith. The method also includes the steps of the third MET tuning to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller.
According to the invention, the central controller advantageously controls the virtual network satellite communication including virtual network parameters used by the first and second METs.
The central controller advantageously collects billing information regarding the virtual network satellite communication and transmits the billing information to the mobile satellite system. The mobile satellite system optionally charges a service fee to a customer that has requested the virtual network WO 97/20362 PC'T/US96/19120 arrangement instead of each of the individual users in the virtual network group thereby consolidating the billing transactions and permitting a single customer to monitor communication charges.
In another embodiment of the invention, the method includes the steps of the first MET selecting the virtual network identifier (VN ID) representing a virtual network group including the first MET and a non-MET serviced by one of a public switched telephone network and a cellular network to establish voice communication therewith, and the first MET transmitting the VN ID to the central controller. Additionally, the method includes the central controller receiving the VN
ID, determining that the virtual network group includes the non-MET, and broadcasting a non-MET message to either the public switched telephone network or the cellular network including the voice communication associated therewith, and either the public switched telephone network or the cellular network receiving the non-MET message from the central controller and transmitting the non-MET message to the non-MET to establish the virtual network arrangement between the MET and the non-MET.
In another embodiment of the invention, the NOC
manages and controls the resources of the satellite network system and carries out the administrative functions associated with the management of the total satellite network system. The NOC communicates with the various internal and external entities via a local area network .(LAN)/wide area network (WAN) based satellite network Internetwork and dial-up lines.
The NOC's network management functions include measuring the usage of resources by customers to enable predictions of what changes to make in the future deployment of resources. Such resources may be network elements and CPUs in the system. Data. such as usage WO 97!20362 PGT/US96/19120 records are collected and analysis of capacity planning is performed based on present characteristics.
Security functions are provided wherein the network is protected against unauthorized use. Security mechanisms built in to the network management include enhanced fraud security coding encryption and user passwords. Configuration management, i.e., how resources are allocated, is another function of the NOC. Fault detection and management are provided for by the NOC. Problems are isolated and reported to operations personnel who can react to the problems.
In another embodiment of the invention, a method of performing a call setup procedure in a mobile satellite system from a call initiated by a mobile communication system (MCS) to a destination served by a public switched telephone network, includes the steps of initiating the call by the MCS, the MCS formatting and transmitting an access request message via a random access channel, and receiving by the central controller the access request message, and transmitting frequency assignments to the MCS and to the SCSO. The method also includes receiving by the MCS.the frequency assignment, transmitting a scrambling vector message to the SCSO, and verifying by the SCSO the identity of the MET responsive to the scrambling vector. Upon successful verification, the method includes the steps of switching by the SCSO and the MCS from call setup mode to voice mode, transmitting by the SCSO voices frames to the MCS including a voice activation disable signal to disable a voice activation timer in the MCS
for at least 3 super frames, and transmitting a destination number to the PSTN. The method also includes the steps of transmitting by the SCSO an enable signal to the MCS to re-enable the call ' activation timer in the MCS, and establishing voice communication between the PSTN and the MCS.

In another embodiment of the invention, a method of performing a call setup procedure in a mobile satellite system from a call initiated by a destination served by a public switched telephone network (PSTN) to a mobile 5 communication system (MCS). The method includes the steps of receiving by the SCSO a call from the destination served by the PSTN, transmitting by the SCSO to the central controller a channel request using interstation signaling, determining by the central 10 controller an identity of the MCS responsive to the destination number, and transmitting a call announcement via a random access channel. The method also includes the steps of acknowledging by the MCS the call announcement via the random access channel to the 15 central controller, transmitting frequency assignments to the MCS via the random access channel and to the SCSO via an interstation signaling channel, and transmitting an access security check field used to verify the MCS's identity. The method also includes 20 the steps of receiving by the MCS the frequency assignment, and transmitting a scrambling vector message to the SCSO, verifying by the SCSO the identity of the MET responsive to the scrambling vector, and upon successful verification, transmitting by the SCSO
a ring command to the MCS. The method also includes the steps of receiving by the MCS of the ring command, generating a ringing signal to a MET user, and transmitting a ring command acknowledgement to the SCSO. The method also includes the steps of receiving by the SCSO the ring command acknowledgement from the MCS, and once the call setup is complete, transmitting by the MCS voice frames to the SCSO including a voice activation disable signal to disable a voice activation timer in the MCS for at least 3 super frames. The method further includes the steps of upon detection of the MCS switching to a voice frame mode, switching by the SCSO to the voice mode, and transmitting a voice activation enable signal to the MCS to re-enable the call activation timer in the MCS, and establishing voice communication between the PSTN and the MCS.
These, together with other objects and advantages which will be subsequently apparent, reside in the details of construction and operation as more fully herein described and claimed, with reference being had to the accompanying drawings forming a part hereof wherein like numerals refer to like elements throughout.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overview of the satellite network system;
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating key performance parameters of the satellite used in the satellite network system;
Fig. 3 is a diagram of the satellite network system illustrating components and respective interfaces;
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a satellite network system illustrating a number of system elements and their interconnecting communications links;
Fig. 5 is a basic block diagram of the NOC and its interfaces;
Fig. 6 is a basic block diagram of the physical architecture of the mobile earth terminal;
Fig. 7 is a basic block diagram of the functions of the mobile earth terminal;
Figs. Sa-8b are diagrams of the improved call setup protocol used to establish a MET originated voice call;
Figs. 9a-9b are diagrams of the improved protocol used for PSTN originated calls;
Fig. 10 is a block diagram of an improved NOC
functional architecture;

Figs. 11A - 11C are diagrams of the NOC
architecture in more detail;
Fig. 12 is a basic block diagram of the basic components of the NCC showing the included GC;
Fig. 13 is a diagram of the NCC logical architecture;
Fig. 14 is a basic block diagram of a circuit switched NAP;
Fig. 15 is a block diagram showing the channel unit (CU) architecture;
Fig. 16 shows the GC subsystems which manage a call in progress;
Fig. 17 is an illustration of the basic role of the GWS within the Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) system;
Fig. 18 depicts the basic call processing interaction between the GWS and other elements within and outside of the overall MSS system;
Fig. 19 is a functional illustration of the Gateway Switch;
Fig. 20 is an illustration of a virtual network associated with a group of FESs and METs;
Fig. 21 illustrates the basic concept and elements involved in establishment of communications and control in the virtual network system;
Fig. 22 illustrates an example of a virtual network service subscribing organization with several communication virtual networks;
Fig. 23 is a decision tree of the order of application of the virtual network rules; and Fig. 24 is a more detailed illustration of the NCC
terminal equipment.
Best Mode for CarrYina Out the Invention The present invention provides point-to-multipoint circuit switched connections between mobile terminal subscriber stations and a central base station. Mobile WO 97!10362 PGT/US96/19120 users are able to listen to two-way conversations and to transmit.
The MET includes all of the communication and control functions necessary to support communications from a vehicle or fixed remote site using the resources of the satellite network system. Figs. 6 and 7 are basic block diagrams of the physical architecture and functions of the mobile earth terminal. The basic functional diagram of Fig. 7 is implemented by baseband processing and RF electronics of Fig. 6. A standard voice coder/decoder receives coded messages from the baseband processing and RF electronic system and decodes the message received from the satellite antenna unit for delivery to the interface unit that includes standard user interfaces. Baseband processing and RF
electronics receive satellite communications responsive with low noise amplifier (LNA) and output signals for transmission using the diplexer of the antenna unit.
Baseband processing and RF electronics also outputs signals for use with beam steering antennas as will be discussed blow. Advantageously, the mobile earth terminal is functional with antennas that are either steerable or nonsteerable.
The functional subsystems comprising the MET are shown in Fig. 7 and include the user interface, transceiver, antenna, logic and signaling, power supply subsystems, and Position Determination subsystem. The baseline MET will have a low gain directional antenna in the antenna subsystem. The satellite network system supports communications with METs using omnidirectional and higher gain directional antennas.
The user interface subsystem provides the user interfaces through which the user has access to the services supported by the satellite network system.
Depending on the services) the MET will be equipped with one or more of the devices or ports. The transceiver subsystem consists of a receiver and a transmitter. The transmitter accepts voice, data, fax and signaling signals and converts them to a modulated RF signal. The transmit RF signal is routed to the antenna subsystem. The transmitter typically consists of the high power amplifier (HPA), the upconverter with its associated frequency synthesizer, the modulators and the modules for voice, Fax, or data encoding, multiplexing, scrambling, FEC encoding, interleaving and frame formatting.
The receiver accepts modulated RF signals from the antenna subsystem and converts them into voice, data, fax or signaling signals as appropriate. The voice, data and fax signals are routed to the user interface subsystem. The receiver typically consists of the downconverter with its associated frequency synthesizer, the demodulator, and the modules for frame de-formatting, de-interleaving, FEC decoding, descrambling, demultiplexing and voice, Fax, or data decoding. The transceiver communicates over one channel in each direction at any one time. Thus, the transceiver subsystem will typically consist of only one receiver and one transmitter. However, the MET may also incorporate a pilot receiver for antennas and frequency tracking purposes, or a complete receiver dedicated to the continuous reception of the signaling channel from the Group Controller.
The antenna subsystem provides the MET interface to the satellite network and is responsible for receiving the RF signal from the satellite and transmitting the RF signal generated by the MET towards the satellite.
The subsystem typically includes an antenna which may be either directional or omnidirectional, a diplexer, a low noise amplifier (LNA), an optional beam steering unit (BSU) if a directional antenna is used, a device such as a compass or an inertial sensor for the WO 97/20361 PCTlUS96/19120 determination of the orientation of the vehicle, and an antenna for the position determination receiver.
The logic and signaling subsystem acts as the central controller for the~MET. Its basic functions 5 are to initialize the MET by performing a self test at power up and control, based on a resident system table, the acquisition of one of the METs assigned outbound signaling channels from which updated system information and commands and messages from the GC are 10 derived. The logic and signaling subsystem sets up and configures the transceiver for the reception and transmission of voice, data, fax or signaling messages as appropriate. The logic and signaling subsystem also handles the protocols between the MET and the FES and 15 between the MET the GC via signaling messages, and checks the validity of the received signaling messages (Cyclic Redundance Check (CRC)) and generates the CRC
codes for the signaling message transmitted by the MET.
The logic and signaling subsystem also interprets 20 the commands received from the local user via the user interface subsystem (e. g. on/off hook, dialled numbers, etc.) and take the appropriate actions needed, and generates, or commands the generation, of control signals, messages and indications to the user through 25 the user interface subsystem. The logic signaling system also controls the beam steering unit (if any) in the antenna subsystem, and monitors and tests all the other subsystems. In case of fault detection, it informs the user about the failure and take the appropriate measures needed to prevent harmful interference to the satellite network or other systems.
The power supply subsystem provides power to all other subsystems. The external voltage source to which this subsystem interfaces depends on the type of vehicle on which the MET is mounted (e. g. 12/24 Volts DC for land vehicles).

A standard receiver such as a GPS or a Loran-C
receiver is also provided for the determination of the position of the vehicle. This information is used by the logic and signaling subsystem for beam steering (if used) or for applications such as position reporting.
The position determination system is implemented externally to the MET and interfaced through a dedicated data port in the user interface subsystem.
The function of the Remote Monitor System is to l0 continuously monitor the activity on each GC-S channel and to monitor the activity within the downlink L-band spectrum in the beam in which it is located. An RMS
will be located in every beam carrying satellite network traffic. An RMS may be a stand alone station or collocated with the NCC or an FES. The RMS is controlled by the NOC and communicates via leased lines or the interstation signaling channels if collocated with an FES. The RMS detects anomalous conditions such as loss of signal, loss of frame sync, excessive BER, etc. on the GC-S channels and generates alarm reports which are transmitted to the NOC via the leased line interface. In addition, it monitors BER on any channel and power and frequency in any band as instructed by the NOC.
The primary functions of the System Test Stations (STS) is to provide commission testing capability for every channel unit in a FES and to provide readiness testing for the Off-Line NCC. The STS is collocated with and controlled by the NOC and will comprise one or more specifically instrumented METs. The STS provides a PSTN dial-up port for making terrestrial connections to FESs to perform MET to terrestrial end-to-end testing. The STS also provides a LAN interconnection to the NOC to provide access to operator consoles and peripheral equipment.

The MSS signaling system provides the communications capability between network elements required to set up and release communications circuits, provide additional enhanced services, and support certain network management functions. The network elements discussed above include group controllers (GCs), feederlink earth stations (FESs), and mobile earth terminals (METs). The seven different channel types are:
GC-S Outbound TDM signaling channel from the GC

to the METs.

MET-ST Inbound TDMA signaling channel from the MET to the GC.

MET-SR Inbound random access signaling channel from the MET to the GC.

FES-C Outbound communications and inband signaling channel from a FES to a MET.

MET-C Inbound communications and inband signaling channel from a MET to a FES.

GC-I Interstation signaling channel from the GC

to an FES.

FES-I Interstation signaling channel from an FES

to the GC.

The basic element of communication for signaling and control for the MSS signaling system is the Signaling Unit (SU). The SU consists of 96 bits organized in 12 octets of 8 bits each. The first 80 bits comprise the message, and the last 16 a parity check, computed using the CCITT CRC-16 algorithm. For transmission, the SU is convolutionally encoded at either rate 3/4 or 1/2, adding an additional 32 or 96 bits respectively.
The various fields are as follows:
* Message type: A 7 bit code which identifies the meaning of the SU; in this case a request for access to the MSS system for call placement.
* MET-GC Signaling Protocol (MGSP) Header: A 8 bit field comprised of several sub-fields giving particular information related to the protocol:
l0 message type (command, response, message), message reference identification, and the number of times the message has been retransmitted.
* RTIN: Reverse Terminal Identification Number - the MET's Electronic Serial Number, by which it identifies itself in transmissions on the MET-SR
channel.
* Digits 1-l0: The first 10 digits of the addressed telephone number in the PSTN or private network, in hexadecimal. If the 10th digit is set to "C", an address of greater than 10 digits is indicated.
* CRC: The 16-bit error detection code (Cyclic Redundancy Code).
The frame formats used in the GC-S, MET-SR and MET-ST channels are closely related, and are based on a common 360 millisecond superframe established on the GC-S channel. All timing relationships in the MSS
system signaling scheme are determined from the GC-S
frame structure. The GC-S is operated in the QPSK mode at an aggregate rate of 6750 b/s. The stream is divided into superframes of 360 ms, comprising three 120 ms frames. Each frame is in turn comprised of a 24-bit unique word (UW), six SUs, eight flush bits and 10 unused bits, for a total of 810 bits and 120 ms.
The first frame of a superframe is identified by inversion of the UW.

Mobile terminals throughout the area covered by any beam receive GC-S channels with a total uncertainty of approximately 32 ms, primarily due to their geographical locations. The received superframe boundary establishes the four 90 ms "slots" in the MET-SR random access channels, which operate in the BPSK
mode at 3375 b/s. The actual random access burst is comprised of a 24-bit preamble, a 32-bit UW, a 128-bit SU (96 bits rate 3/4 coded), and eight flush bits, for a total of 192 bits in 56.9 ms. This allows a 33.1 ms guard time between bursts. Mobile Terminals select a MET-SR channel and slot at random from among the permitted choices.
The MET-ST TDMA channels, which also operate in the BPSK mode at 3375 b/s, are comprised of bursts which are equal in length to the GC-S frame, and which are also timed on the received frame boundary. The TDMA
burst is made up of a 24-bit preamble, a 32-bit UW, a 192-bit SU (96 bits rate 1/2 coded), and eight flush bits. The total length of the TDMA burst is 256 bits in 75.9 ms, which allows a guard time of 44.1 ms.
Mobile Terminals always respond to commands received on the GC-S on a MET-ST channel which corresponds in number to the position of the command SU in the TDM
frame. For example, the MET will respond to a command in SU slot 2 on MET-ST channel 2, and so forth. The response is always transmitted in the second frame time after receipt of the command, so that there is a minimum of 120 ms in which the MET can prepare its response.
The initial phase of establishing a call is handled by out-of-band signaling on the GC-S, MET-SR and MET-ST
channels. This phase culminates in assignment of a pair of communication channels to the MET and FES.
When these elements receive and tune to the communication channels, further signaling and control functions are accomplished using inband signaling. The communication channels, FES-C and MET-C, use a variety of related TDM formats which are determined by the intended use of the link, i.e., voice, data, or 5 facsimile and one of three possible primary modes:
call setup (entirely signaling), communication (no signaling), or in-band signaling (an occasional subframe of 128 bits is used for signaling/control).
The same 96-bit SU described above is used to 10 accomplish in-band signaling. The outbound TDM, inbound TDMA, and inbound random access channels provide signaling between the GC and each of the METS
in the associated control group. All communications on these channels will be passed in the form of 96 bit (12 15 octet) messages known as signaling units. Each signaling unit will begin with a 1-octet messages type field and end with a two-octet cyclic redundancy check.
The MET to GC Signaling Protocol (MGSP) serves as the layer two protocol for these channels.
20 Communications from the group controller (GC) to the mobile terminals is provided by the Outbound TDM or GC-S channel. The primary function of this channel is to carry frequency assignments from the GC to individual METs. In addition, the Outbound TDM channel 25 carries network status information which is received by all METs in a particular beam and control group. The outbound TDM channel operates at a rate of 6750 bits/s with rate 3/4 FEC. QPSK modulation and nominally 6.5 kHz channel spacing (other spacings are under 30 investigation) is employed. These parameters are identical to those of the communications channel and were chosen to reduce MET complexity.
Inbound TDMA (MET-ST) channels are used by the MET
to respond to actions initiated by the GC, such as responding to the call announcement issued by the GC to check a MET's availability to receive a PSTN

WO 97r10362 PGT/US96/19120 originated or MET to MET call. The Inbound Random Access (MET-SR) channels are used by METs to request frequency assignments and for other MET initiated actions. The inbound random access and TDMA channels each operate at a rate of 2400 bits/s with rate 3/4 FEC. DPS modulation and nominally 7.5 kHz channel spacing is employed. This modulation scheme has been selected because of its robust performance in the presence of frequency offset and timing errors. It also exhibits superior performance relative to conventional BPSK in the presence of band-limiting and hard-limiting.
Each control group has associated with it a number of L-band beams over which it operates. In each of these L-band beams a control group has associated with it a distinct set of outbound TDM, inbound TDMA, and inbound random access channels. The number of ' signaling channels of each type in each set is determined based on the level of signaling traffic flowing between the GC and the METs in that control group in that L-band beam. As signaling traffic levels change, new signaling channels of each type are allocated to or deallocated from a particular set of channels. The frequencies used for outbound TDM, inbound TDMA, and inbound random access channels are included in the status information carrier in the bulletin board signaling units transmitted on the outbound TDM channel.
Each MET is assigned to one of the outbound TDM
channels in the control group and beam to which it belongs. Each control group supports up to 16 outbound TDM channels in each beam. Each outbound TDM channel has associated with it up to 6 inbound TDMA channels.
An inbound TDMA channel will only carry messages that are responses to messages received on the outbound TDM
channel with which it is associated inbound random WO 97r10362 PCf/US96/19120 access channels will not associated with a particular outbound TDM channel. A MET chooses a inbound random access channel at random from among those associated with its control group and beam each time a message is to be transmitted. Each control group can support up to 64 inbound random access channels in each beam. Up to 64 of these channels may be used system wide to meet the signaling requirements of a fully loaded system supporting 5000 circuits.
Inband signaling channels (FES-C and MET-C) are provided between the FES and the MET. These channels are used to provide signaling for call setup and call release, and also provide the capability to pass other signaling information while a call is in progress. The FES-C and MET-C channels are operated in two separate modes in "call setup mode" only signaling messages are carried by the channel. In voice mode voice frames are carried by the channel, but the capability to inject signaling messages by occasionally dropping voice subframes exists. Frames containing inband signaling messages employ a unique word different from that used for frames containing only voice subframes.
Interstation signaling channels (GC-I and FES-I) are used to pass signaling information between the GC
and each of the FESs. These channels operate at a rate of 9.6 to 64 kbit/s and are implemented using either the available 5 MHz Ku-band satellite capacity or terrestrial links. The LAP-F protocol will be employed on those links to ensure reliable transfer of variable length signaling and network management messages.
When a MET is idle (powered on and ready to receive a call) it will continuously receive an Outbound TDM
channel in order to receive call announcements associated with incoming calls and obtain status -information from bulletin board signaling units. Each MET will be capable of transmitting signaling WO 97!10362 PCT/US96/19120 information to the GC on any of the inbound random access channels or on any of the inbound TDMA channels associated with the outbound TDM channel that it is receiving. During a call a MET will receive and transmit all signaling information via the In-Band signaling channels. No signaling information will be sent to a MET via the outbound TDM channel during a call. Any signaling messages from the GC to the MET
will be sent to the MET via the FES through the GC-I
and FES-C channels.
Each group controller supports at least one outbound TDM channel in each of its associated L-band beams. Each outbound TDM signaling channel is continuously transmitted and carries frequency assignments and networks status information from the GC
to the METs. The outbound TDM channels are also used to poll idle METs to see if they can accept incoming calls. As this channel is the only way to signal information to a MET not engaged in communications, it must be as robust as possible under harsh fading and shadowing conditions.
Another key element in the MSS system is the need for the METs to be as inexpensive as possible. Towards this end, the outbound TDM channel will have the same rate and modulation as the communications channels.
This will maximize the commonality of the receive chain of the MET for communications and signaling. Note that as the demodulation process is much more complex than the modulation process, the inbound random access and inbound TDMA channels do not really require this level of commonality with the communications channel.
The number of outbound TDM channels assigned to each set of signaling channels is determined by the traffic supported by the group controller in that L-band beam. . Assignment of METs to outbound TDM channels is made based on a special identifier assigned to each MET as commissioning. This identifier is called the GC-S Selector Identifier code (GSI). The MET selects the outbound TDM channel to be used by dividing the GSI
by the total number of outbound TDM channels available in the given beam. The number of TDM channels available is given in the BB of each TDM channel. The remainder of the four bit binary division process will form the number of the channel to be used. Each MET
will receive only the outbound TDM channel assigned to it. This method allows METs in the same logical grouping to be assigned to the same outbound TDM
channel as is needed for the Virtual Network Service provided by the MSS System. It also allows the load on the outbound TDM channels to be redistributed quickly if a channel fails or a new channel is added.
The 120 ms frame length was chosen because it would support 6 messages per frame and correspond to the slot size requirement (>120 ms) of the inbound TDMA channel.
This allows a direct correspondence between outbound TDM frames and inbound TDMA slots for the purposes of TDMA synchronization and scheduling responses to outbound messages. Eight flush bits are included at the end of each frame to allow the decoder to reset to a known state at the beginning of each frame. This allows more rapid reacquisition following channel fade events. The modulation scheme and transmission rate for this channel will be the same as for the transmission channel, namely QPSK modulation at a transmission rate of 6750 bps. Signaling units within each frame will be coded with a rate 3/4 constraint length K=7 convolutional code.
The outbound TDM superframe has a duration of 360 ms and is made up of three outbound TDM frames. The superframe duration is the basic time interval over which message repetitions are done. Repetitions are used to increase the reliability of outbound TDM

signaling units. Messages can be repeated in consecutive superframes. Studies by AUSSAT have shown that L-band fade events typically have durations ranging between 10 ms and 100 ms (2). Because the 120 5 ms frame would not provide adequate separation between message repetitions, the 360 ms superframe is used to reduce the chance of losing two copies of a message during the same L-band fade event. This repetition method is similar to that used in the AUSSAT system.
10 Different numbers of repetitions may be used for different message types to provide different levels of reliability. The number of repetitions used for a particular message type will be a part of the signaling protocols and can be varied by the system operator. In 15 addition to message repetitions, interleaving will be used to protect against burst errors. The interleaving is provided over a TDM frame and provides improved performance in the presence of short burst errors.
The bulletin board is a set of signaling unit (SUs) 20 that are periodically transmitted by the MCC on all outbound TDM channels. The bulletin board contains global information such as current network status, signaling channel frequencies and inbound random access channel congestion control parameters. Every MET
25 processes the information in the bulletin board METs, on startup, and acquires the entire bulletin board before attempting to use the MSS system. At least one bulletin board SU is transmitted in every outbound TDM
frame. Bulletin board SUs are also sent as "filler"
30 SUs, i.e., sent when there are no other SUs pending on the outbound TDM channels. Bulletin board SUs do not occupy any fixed position in the outbound TDM frame.
Bulletin board SUs are grouped into pages of related SUs. Each Bulletin Board page has an update 35 number associated with it, which will be sent with each SU of that page. This number will be incremented by the NCC whenever the information in that page is updated. METs are required to build a local data structure that contains the contents of the bulletin board. Whenever a change in update number is detected for any page, the MET will update the entire data structure for that page with the contents of the bulletin board SUs that follow.
The inbound TDMA channel is used by the METs to transmit responses to call announcement messages and for responses to other messages received on the outboard TDM channel. Each of the inbound TDMA
channels is assigned to a particular outbound TDM
channel. The number of inbound TDMA channel assigned to a particular outbound TDM channel depends on the traffic supported by that outbound TDM channel and is selectable by the network operator. The TDMA channel is divided into slots of 120 ms duration. Inbound messages consist of 96 bits before coding and 128 bits after rate 3/4 convolutional coding. The resulting burst will occupy 80 ms of the slot, allowing 40 ms of guard time.
This guard time arises due to the uncertainty in round trip transmission time between the satellite and a mobile terminal. Mobile terminals derive their inbound frame timing (for both the TDMA and random access channels) from the outbound TDM frames. Inbound TDMA slots have the same duration as an outbound TDM
frame. At a MET each TDMA slot boundary occurs at an outbound TDM frame boundary. If MET A is nearer to the satellite than MET B, MET A will receive the outbound TDM channel ~t sooner than MET B, where ~t corresponds to the difference in propagation times to the satellite for the two terminals. As a result, if both METs synchronize their transmit timing to their reception of the outbound TDM channel, MET B's responses to messages will take 2~t longer to reach the satellite than MET

A's responses. As additional guard time of 1 symbol time also must be included to account for the ~ 1/2 symbol synchronization uncertainty in the MET. This results in a total guard time requirement of 2~t + 1 symbol time.
TDMA scheduling is done using a fixed relationship between outbound TDM channel time slots and inbound TDMA channels and slots. The response to a message received in the nth slot of the outbound TDM frame is transmitted on the nth TDMA channel assigned to that outbound TDM channel. The frequencies of the assigned inbound TDMA channels are contained in one of the bulletin board signaling units periodically transmitted in the outbound TDM channel. The response to an outbound message is transmitted in the TDMA time slot that begins 120 ms after the end of the TDM frame in which the outbound message was received. This should provide adequate time for message processing in the MET.
The inbound random access channel is used by the METs to transmit call requests to the GC. It is also used to carry other inbound messages for MET originated actions. The number of inbound random access channels assigned to a particular control group in a particular L-band beam depends on the traffic supported by that control group in that beam and is selectable by the network operator. To provide reasonable call setup times and call loss probabilities these channels are typically be operated at a throughput of approximately 25~ or less. As the random access channel is operating at a relatively low efficiency, one of the prime goals in its design is that it be bandwidth efficient.
The frequencies used for the random access channels are transmitted in the bulletin board signal units.
For each transmission, METs choose at random among the inbound signaling channels assigned to their control WO 97!10362 PGT/US9G/19120 group. After transmitting a message, the MET waits a given amount of time for a response. If no response is received within this amount of time, the MET
retransmits in a slot selected at random over some given number of slots. This procedure is repeated until either a response is received or a maximum number of transmissions is reached. The bursts on the random access channel are identical to those on the TDMA
channel (i.e., modulation, coding, preamble, etc.).
The MET-GC Signaling Protocol (MGSP) procedures send signaling units between GCs and METs via the GC-S, MET-ST and MET-SR channels. This protocol encapsulates functions such as channel selection, channel access, slot timing, error recovery and congestion control.
Higher layer functions, such as call processing, use the protocol for communicating among themselves between the METs and GCs.
A transaction consists of a command message that is sent from an originating application to a destination application, to which the destination application replies with a response message. Each command and response consists of a signaling unit. The MGSP
performs functions such as channel selection, error recovery using retransmission, and repetition of SUs to improve channel reliability. The MGSP at a MET also implements congestion control procedures for the MET-SR
channels. Only one outstanding transaction exists between a MET and a GC in a given direction. However, two simultaneous transactions, one in each direction, are supported between a GC and a MET. MGSP also provides a only-way message service, that does not require a response from the receiver.
The improved call setup protocol used to establish a MET originated voice call is shown in Figs. 8a-8b.
When a MET user initiates a call, the MET formats and transmits an access request message via a random access channel. This message includes the call type and the destination phone number. The group controller chooses an FES to handle the call and sends frequency assignments to the MET via the TDM channel and to the FES via the interstation signaling channel. The FES frequency assignment also includes the call type, the destination phone number to allow the FES to complete the call, and an access security check field used to verify the METs identity. The access security check field is generated by the group controller using the MET frequency assignment and the MET key which is known only to the MET
and the group controller.
After the MET receives the frequency assignment, it transmits a scrambling vector message to the FES. This message contains the initial vector to be preloaded into the FES scrambler at the beginning of each voice channel frame. Letting the MET randomly pick this vector provides some degree of privacy on the Ku to L-band link.
The scrambling vector message also contains an access security check field generated by the MET using its frequency assignment and its key. The FES compares this field with that received from the group controller to verify the identity of the MET. When the FES receives the scrambling vector, the FES will check the validity of the METs identity. If the ckeck fails, the FES will initiate a call release.
After receiving the scrambling vector message and successful authentication of the MET, the FES and the MET
switch from call setup mode to voice frame mode and the FES completes the call to the terrestrial network user.
The FES transmits voices frames to the MET to effectuate voice communication. We have discovered that the coder/decoder which is used in the MET imposes certain constraints described below that require the signalling architecture to be adapted thereto.
Specifically, it has been determined that the voice 5 coder/decoder performs the following functions that impact on the signalling architecture in the context of our mobile satellite system. The voice coder/decoder receives coded messages from the baseband processing and RF electronic system and decodes the message 10 received from the satellite antenna unit for delivery to the interface unit that includes standard user interfaces. The voice coder/decoder processes speech to produce 6400 bps output. The inherent speech coding rate is 4150 bps, to which 2250 bps of error correction 15 and detection is added. The coder/decoder encodes 160+/-4 samples of speech and converts it to 128 bits.
The encoding function is called approximately every 20 ms to produce the 6400 bps bit stream. The coder/decoder decodes 128 bits of speech and produces 20 160 +/- 4 samples of speech. The encoder/decoder also performs voice activity detection.
In accordance with the coder/decoder functions and operations, the coder/decoder includes a voice activation timer or synchronizer that is used to 25 determine and insure that a caller is present during the call setup process. The encoder determines that the voice communication is active when valid data appears at the output within two sub-frames or approximately 40 ms. The encoder determines that the 30 voice communication is not active when no voice activity occurs for 3 sub-frames or approximately 60 ms. The decoder sets the voice activity to active when voice activity is detected, and to inactive when no voice activity is detected.
35 In accordance with the above constraints of the coder/decoder, it has been determined that the protocol used by the mobile satellite system must be adapted for use with the standard encoder/decoder used for voice communication. In particular, it has been determined that the inherent delays in the mobile satellite system are incompatible with the voice activation timer used in the coder/decoder. In this connection, it has been determined that it is beneficial to eliminate usage of the voice activity timer during the voice mode prior to completion of call setup. Once call setup has been l0 completed, the voice activity timer can then be re-enabled and used for its intended purpose, i.e., to determine whether the call is still active or whether the call has terminated, thereby freeing up satellite resources more expediently.
Accordingly, once voice frames have been transmitted from the FES to the MET in the voice mode, and once the FES transmits the destination number to the PSTN, the FES also transmits a voice activation disable signal to the MET to disable the voice activation timer in the MET. The voice activation timer is then disabled for at least 3 super frames.
After the FES has completed call setup with the GC, the FES transmits a signal to re-enable the call activation timer in the MET.
The PSTN provides ringing tones to the FES
indicating that the call is being placed to the destination, and the FES in turn transmits the ringing tones to the MET. When the destination telephone answers the MET originated call, an off-hook signal is transmitted from the PSTN to the FES, and the FES in turn transmits same to the MET indicating that the call has been answered by a user connected to the PSTN.
Voice communication between the MET and the PSTN
destination via the FES is then commenced until either party terminates the MET originated call.

The improved protocol used for PSTN originated calls is shown in Figs. 9a-9b. When a call from a terrestrial network user arrives at an FES, the FES
makes a channel request using interstation signaling.
This request contains the phone number received from the terrestrial network user. The group controller determines the MET identity based on the phone number and transmits a call announcement via the TDM channel.
The MET acknowledges this announcement via the TDMA
channel. This exchange allows the group controller to verify that the MET is available before assigning bandwidth to the call. Frequency assignments are then made and the scrambling vector is transmitted by the MET once the MET tunes to the assigned frequency.
Upon successful reception of the scrambling vector, the FES checks the validity of the MET's identity. If the check fails, the FES initiates a call release procedure. If not, the FES transmits the ring command to the MET. Upon reception of the ring command by the MET from the FES, the MET generates a ringing signal to the MET user and transmits a ring command acknowledgement. The ring command acknowledgement is repeated by the MET until the MET is taken off-hook by the MET user or until the call is cleared. Upon receipt of the acknowledgement from the MET and once the call setup is complete, the MET begins transmitting voice frames to the FES and also transmits a voice activation disable signal as described in connection with MET originated call setup procedure. Once the MET
is taken offhook the MET switches to the voice frame mode. Upon detection of the MET switching to the voice frame mode, the FES stops transmitting null signal units, switches to the voice mode, transmits a voice activation enable signal and commences voice communication between the MET and PSTN.

MET to MET calls are set up using a double hop connection through an FES. These calls are set up by the group controller and the FES as a MET to PSTN call setup concatenated with a PSTN to MET call setup. As a result the METs require no additional call processing for MET to MET calls. That is, the procedures at the MET for receiving a MET-MET call are the same as procedures for reception of PSTN-MET calls, and the procedures at the MET for originating a MET-MET call are the same as procedures for origination of MET-PSTN calls.
Advantageously, the MET combines three different features for the delivery and transmission of voice and data. These three features include: the ability to initiate and transmit a data call, the ability to initiate and transmit a facsimile digital call, and the ability to roam between satellite and terrestrial based wireless communication systems. The following documents, relate to and describe applicable transmission protocols:
EIA/IS-41B Cellular Radio Telecommunications Inter-System Operations; EIA/TIA-553-1989 "Cellular System Mobile Station - Land Station Compatibility Standard"; EIA/TIA-557; EIA/IS-54B.
The improved NOC funtional architecture is shown in the block diagram of Fig. 10. The NOC collects information pertaining to the utilization of resources and distributes information to appropriate destinations such as CMIS and NE/SE. The NOC is involved in network security to prevent unauthorized use. The blocks shown in the figure broadly represent the functions that the NOC performs and oversees. The network management is a framework for the NOC basic functions. The configuration management implements and allocates resources in cooperation with plans formulated with NE/SE. The operator interface serves a fault WO 97!10362 PGTIUS96/19120 management function. Problems in the system are isolated and reported to give operations personnel the ability to see when problems occur and react to them.
The operator interface is a man-machine interface (MMI) to present alarms and events to the operators.
Information as to system configuration is also made available. Call records management serves as an accounting functionality. This function accepts MET
registration records and other information sent by external entities for storage in appropriate NOC
database tables. Usage data sent by the individual GCs and FESs are assembled into Call Records. Data management serves as a data base repository for transmission and receipt of information gathered by the other components of the network operations center.
Figs. 11A - 11C set forth the NOC architecture in more detail, the elements shown corresponding to the blocks of Fig. 10. As shown in Fig. 11A, the network management block contains Polycenter Processes modules that serve alarm manager, exporter, historian and operator control functions. The historian records performance of the network over time, collecting at suitable intervals statistics regarding resource utilization, calls in progress. The management information repository (MIR) server interfaces with the exporter. Network update requests are received,from the router. When transactions come in from NE/SE or CMIS, they need to be distributed to different parts of the system. Updates are distributed to the MIR server so that it can update the internal data base. After all elements of the system are set up, network updates are communicated back to the router for network implementation. Exporter transmits collections of information, including performance traffic data, to the database in the data management block.

The alarm rule manager sets thresholds for adverse conditions and executes set up procedures for the event management block. For example, if customer service 5 center sends out a commissioning request and the commissioning fails, an alarm is generated and the NOC
sends a message to CMIS describing the failure and the cause of the failure. The watchdog looks for events, such as the system disk becoming fully utilized and other 10 fault conditions, and sends an alarm to NMS to operator screen. The performance data collector samples resource utilization, collects statistics and provides feedback.
NOC process control is involved with custom processes such as NOC startup and shutdown.
15 Configuration updates are received by the configuration management block, shown in Fig. 11A. A
routing table is used to distribute messages to the appropriate components of the NOC.
The data management block, illustrated in Fig. 11B, 20 includes servers to interface with the NOC main data base (DB). The RTR router receives RTR requests from either satellite resource manager or configuration management.
The NOC configuration DB server decides from polling NOC
components whether the request for update is to be 25 accepted. If so, the NOC data base (DB) is updated and confirmation is sent to other components to update local data bases. The request is basically distributed to all other components to vote on the appropriateness of the requested change. For each transaction there is a 30 specific set of data bases that are to be updated. DC
Comm exports information from the database to NE/SE and CMIS. As read WO 97!10362 PCT/US96119120 transactions do not need to go through this voting to update process, accessing for reading is easily available to any of the system components. Performance data, collected in the network management collector, previously described, is periodically exported directly to the data management DB, as no updating of other module databases is needed. Such data is not related to the overall configuration.
The call records management block is shown in Fig.
11C. The functionality of this component accounts for customer usage to enable billing preparation by the configuration management information system (CMIS).
Call detail records (CDRs) relating nonsatellite usage are received from the gateway switch (GWS) and call performance records (CPRs), or call usage records (CURS), relating satellite usage are received from the group controller (GC). These records are logged into files at the GWS and CUR/NRPR servers to be forwarded to CMIS and saved as backup in the data base. The call trace router sends RTR requests for call tracing and trapping to and from the GC. Call tracing requests are sent to the trace operator, shown in the operator interface block of Fig. 11C. Call trace information is received by the call trace router from the trace operator.
The operator interface includes the session manager. After logging in to the session manager, each of the functions represented by the other blocks within the operator interface block is available. When the system is started or restarted, the encryption/decryption code is established. The MT ASK
(Access Security Key) block, essentially a separate data base, contains specific keys specific to each telephone and is checked in real time for each call.
The mobile telephone (MT) key is set up when the new MT
is added to the system. MT ASK is also used for storing CMIS and GC encryption keys used for encrypting request transactions. The operator message (Op. Msg.) block is an interface for E-mail. Resource allocation MMI permits the NOC operator to modify the system for day to day operations, such as taking resources off line or on line. The DB access permits the operator to read the data base DB. Bulletin Hoard records containing transmit and receive frequency information about the METs are available to the operator from the Site Manager location.
The event management block, involved with fault management, is shown in Fig. 11B. All messages are received in the event logger, logged to a file, sent to a printer and displayed at the NOC MMI. Where necessary, files are forwarded to external organizations such as CMIS or NE/SE. CGS
(communications ground segment) event data are sent to the CGS event sink. The COTS (Commercial off the shelf) software sink receives other events, such as VMS
events. The watchdog event sink receives events from the watchdog block in the network management block, described above. The operator communication (OPCOM) generator converts VMS events into a common format.
Fig. 12 illustrates the Network Communications Center (NCC) and the elements contained therein. The Group Controller (GC) resides in the Network Communications Center (NCC) system element within the CGS and provides call control and satellite resource management for:
- Circuit-switched voice, FAX, and data calls;
- Integrated Voice and Data MT (IVDM) voice calls;
- Satellite trunked radio calls.
The GC controls setup, monitoring, and cleardown of calls between MTs, IVDMs, VN MTs, and terrestrial users. It also provides AMS(R)S Provisioning, Control WO 97!10362 PCT/US96/19120 Group Reconfiguration, MT and FES PVT and Commissioning support, and Performance and Status Monitoring.
The primary function of the GC is the management of customer Control Groups. Control Groups identify groups of MTs/IVDMs which have access to CGS, the satellite and network resources that have been allocated to them for sending/receiving calls, and the service permissions and calling restrictions that apply to each MT/IVDM. Control Groups also contain Virtual to Networks (VNs) discussed below, which define the routing options that apply to each MT or IVDM in the Control Group and Circuit Pools, which control the allocation of use of satellite circuits for circuit-switched calls.
Fig. 13 illustrates the NCC logical architecture.
The Group Controller consists of five top level components which perform the following functions:
1. Call Management This component performs:
- Call setup/monitoring for:
a. MT-to-MT, MT-to-PSTN/PN, PSTN/PN-to-MT calls b. MT initiated VN Calls c. Dispatch initiated VN, Private Mode, Broadcast, and Priority 1 calls.
- MT Management, including:
MT Logon, GC-S Change, MT Shutdown, and MT
Parameter Update, Visitor Registration;
- Preemption of calls for AMS(R)S provisioning of satellite bandwidth and power.
- MT Commissioning and PVT.
2. Resource Management This component performs resource management and reconfiguration, including:
- allocation/deallocation of satellite resources during call setup/cleardown incremental/complete reconfiguration of local Control Group databases - address screening - MT authorization - call routing - Virtual Network configuration 3. Configuration Management This component performs executive control for:
- Control Group configurations;
- AMS(R)S requests 4. MT ASK Management This component performs:
- secure MT ASK database management - real-time check field generated for call processing - ASK generation after completing commissioning/PVTs for Enhanced Fraud 5. Utilities This component is the common utility set for the GC including:
- MGSP
- Call Record Management Performance and Traffic Statistics generation - Congestion Control - Memory Management - X.25 interface.
The NCC provides real time call processing for users of the CGS by assigning resources on a per call basis. The NCC operates under the administrative control of and is monitored by the NOC. The NCC
manages access of users of the space resources allocated to the NCC by the NOC. The NCC provides system monitoring and testing functions to support FES
and MT commissioning and periodic performance verification testing. A single NCC provides these WO 97!20362 PCT/US96/19120 functions for an entire network carrying the full traffic load. In the event that the NOC is not available, the NCC contains a backup operator interface capable of monitoring and controlling the ongoing 5 provision of services to customers and which is capable of providing emergency AMS(R)S provisioning.
Logically, the NCC is divided into two functional groupings, namely RFE and processing/management functions. Physically, the NCC is similarly divided 10 into RFE and terminal equipment which performs the processing and management functions. The NCC terminal equipment is composed of an integrated set of hardware that is shared with the NOC and FES elements. From the NCC perspective, the hardware is composed of three sets 15 of equipment which include the Circuit Switched Management Processor (CSMP), Network Access Processors (NAPs), and Channel Units (CUs). The NAP functions for the NCC consist of Network Access Processors for Signaling (NAP-S), Network Access Processors for 20 Communications and Testing (NAP-C(Test)), and Bridges Modems for Interstation Signaling Channel Units. Hoth the NAP-S and NAP-C(Test) have channel units associated with them. The NAPS, Bridges and Channel Units together form the NAP-CU HWCI. There are two styles of 25 NAPS, namely, the Circuit Switched NAP and the Data NAP. The Circuit Switched NAP performs the out-of-band signaling (NAP-S) functions or communications (NAP-C) functions.
A block diagram of the circuit switched NAP is 30 shown in Fig. 14. The NAP is PC-based and contains a~
processor card, and SDLC card forming the interface with up to 24 channel units, an ethernet card providing the interface to ethernet B in the CSMP, and a distribution card. The distribution card provides a 35 DS-1 interface between the gateway or base switch in the FES and the communications channel units, and a WO 9'7/10362 PGT/US96/19120 frame clock distribution function between the RF
equipment and the out-of-band signaling channel units.
NAPs are used in pairs for redundancy with an on-line and an off-line NAP or NAPS A & B. Each NAP monitors the condition of the other and takes over processing when a failure is detected or by operator (NOC or backup NCC) command via the system common software CSCI
Site Manager function.. The NAP-S and NAP-C connect to a channel unit of the same type which forms the interface to the RFE for signaling and communications.
The CUs are hardware identical and take on their operational personality (S or C) with a software download when they are initialized.
A block diagram of the CU is shown in Fig. 15. The CUs are composed of two major sections: the Baseband Signal Processor Unit (HSPU) and the Channel Signal Processing Unit (CSPU). The CU interfaces to the NAP
are shown on the left and the interfaces to the RFE are shown on the right. The sub-element processor types are noted in the diagram.
The BSPU is composed of three major functions: the SDLC Controller (Z80235), Monitor & Control (80186EC) and the voice/modulated data processing (twin TMS320C31). The SDLC Controller provides the interface between the main and redundant NAPS. The Monitor &
Control function provides the central control and status focus. This processor also supports the software downloads to a given CUs set of processor sub-elements. The pair of TMS320C31 processors provide the functional processing for echo cancellation, rate adapting and detection, mu-law linear decompression, CODEC, voice, voice modulated data, FAX.
The CSPU is composed of a DSP, I/Q channel A/Ds &
D/As, L-Hand transmit synthesizer and L-Hand receive synthesizer. The major functions performed by the DSP
include data framing, encoding/decoding, interleaving, WO 97!10362 PGT/US96/19120 scrambling/descrambling. The DSP operates on digital data from the receive synthesizer A/Ds and supplies digital data to the D/As for transmission via the transmit synthesizer. As noted earlier, there are up to 24 CUs controlled by a single NAP pair (.i.e., main/redundant).
The NCC element is composed of a GC CSCI hosted on the CSMP, a NAP CSCI hosted on the NAP processor and the CU CSCI hosted on the set of CU processors as shown in Fig. 15. The NCC element also requires some portions of the SCS CSCI which is hosted on the CSMP.
Both the NAP CSCI and the CU CSCI require a communications version and a signaling version of these SCS CSCIs. Both versions execute on the same physical H/W configuration type. The functions of the NCC
element are implemented by a set of software processes as follows:
CSCI Process Mayor Function GC CSCI Call Call Processing Config GC Database Configuration Management Monitor Call record/statistics manager ASK Config ASK Configuration Database manager Check Field Check Field Generation GC Router GC message router GC Router Config GC router DB
Configuration Manager Config Requester Configuration access by call processing ASK Requester ASK database access SCS
CSCI
VAX, NAP message Distribute NAP oriented -messages VAX, VAX message Distribute VAX to VAX
messages Process Control Monitors VAX processes Site Manager ~(NR) Non-real time network management Site Manager (R) Real time network management NAP CSCI HB-PDU Bulletin board processing NAP-PM Collect/report performance data NAP-I/O Process I/O in and out of NAP
CU CSCI CU-CM Perform MT PVT &
commissioning tests CU-SM Perform signaling channel functions CU-LIB Common CU support functions The SCS CSCI is primarily responsible for network management functions. Software and hardware objects are managed and status and events reported to the NOC.
The NAP CSCI performs both call processing and network management functions. Interaction with the GC
is established for receiving the GC-S signaling units for transmission via the SCU to the MTs. The NAP also returns to the GC the SUs received from MTs via the MT-SR and MT-ST channels.
The GC CSCI includes the following databases:
MT Database - MT Basic Data Table - MT VN Memberships Table - MINData Table - MT Restrictions Table - DN Data Table - MT VN Memberships Table - MT Class Table Virtual Network Database - VN Data Table - Routing Lists Table - VN NPA Table Circuit Pool Database - Circuit Pool Table - Freq. Segment Table - Frequency Table - CP Beam Table - CP Queue Table - Power Table Heam Table FES Status Tables - FES Table - CUP Table Call Process Event Timers Control Group Operational Parameters Table Hash Tables - MT Database Hash Tables (RTIN, MIN and DN) - Virtual Network DB Hash Table - Routing List DB Hash Tables - Circuit Pool DB Hash Table - Net DH Hash Table - FES Status DB Hash Table Virtual Network Counters Table TDM Change Recruests Table - Circuit Pool Status Counters Table - Circuit Pool Counters Table - Circuit Pool Queue Table - Spacecraft Power Table - MTs-on-Beam Table - MTs-commissioned Table - MT-SR Message Retries Table - MT-SR Congestion Events Table - GC-S Message Retries Table - IS Signaling Channel Stats Table 5 Call Record/Activity Tables - Call ID Activity Table - RTIN Activity Table - MTS Call Record - MT Management Call Records 10 In the preferred system configuration, the Group Controller resides on one VAX ft 810 and executes in multiple concurrent asynchronous VMS processes which timeshare the CPU. The functionality of each GC
process is as herein described.
15 The GC is made up of the VMS processes listed below. There are two Process Groups: the GC
Controller (GCC) group, and Control Group Management (CGM) group. The GCC and CGM Process Groups are described below.
20 Process Name Priority Process Group Configuration Non-real-time Control Group Mgmt Process Call Process Real-time Control Group Mgmt Monitor Near Control Group Mgmt 25 Process real-time Check Field Real-time GC Controller Generator Process ASK Configura- Non-real-time GC Controller 30 tion Manager Process Router Real-time GC Controller Process Router Con- Non-real-time GC Controller 35 figuration WO 97r10362 PCT/US96/19120 Highest priority is given to the real-time processes for call handling. Second priority is given to near-real-time processes, which support call handling by forwarding call records and supplying call traffic and performance data to the NOC. Third priority is given to the non-real-time processes which support ASK and Control Group reconfiguration at the GC.
The GC processes are event-driven; between events, to a process waits for input on a queue. To reduce system load, waits are non-CPU-intensive. The highest priority processes are driven by call events; the lowest priority processes are driven by NOC requests, Call Process requests, and internal timers set to configurable monitoring intervals. In addition to input from its queue, a process may use memory tables or disk files, as shown on the Process Diagrams, for data required to process an event.
The GC architecture accommodates a move to multiple processors. The GC is divided into GC Controller (GCC) processes, and Control Group Manager (CGM) processes.
In a distributed environment, there would be one GC
Controller, consisting of the GC Router and both ASK
Manager processes, supporting one to 16 Control Group Managers. CGMs function independently and can be distributed on multiple processors. A CGM can manage 1 to 16 Control Groups, so there can be one CGM for all Control Groups (the current configuration) or up to 16 distributed CGMs (one CGYM for each Control Group).
All processes for a CGM must be co-resident. The GCC
can share a processor with one or more CGMs, or can reside on a separate processor. The ASK Manager is stand-alone, and can be hosted on a separate processor in any GC configuration.
GC Subsystems illustrated in Fig. 16 comprise the component subsystems in the Group Controller and indicate where call processing and network management interfaces occur.
Configuration Process The Configuration (Config) Process has multiple configuration control tasks. The Config Process controls the GC processing of Control Group reconfigurations. It receives database transactions from the NOC via the DEC COTS product Reliable Transaction Router (RTR), prepares the update, loads the new data into memory, and coordinates with the Call Process to complete the update. The processing and synchronization of the Config and Call processes during a configuration change is designed to minimize interference with active calls. ASK reconfigurations are handled by the ASK Configuration Manager.
The Config Process performs dual RTR roles. It performs as a server in NOC-initiated updates (#1, above) and a requester (client role) in GC-initiated database updates. As an RTR requester, the GC
initiates RTR transactions to distribute changes that originated in the GC Call Process. One example of a GC
initiated update is the change of a MT state following commissioning; another is the GC's initiation of a bulletin board update for congestion control.
Config receives AMS(R)S circuit requests, sends circuit blocking commands to the Call Process, and returns the requested circuits to the NOC when they become available.
The Config Process has one RTR queue for reconfiguration messages from the NOC, including AMS(R)S requests. It also has a VMS mailbox for the CGS Software Backplane Process Control interface, and a mailbox for internal timer notification.

WO 97r10362 PCT/US96/1912'0 Call Process The Call Process is the heart of the real-time GC
processing. It incorporates the Finite State Machines (FSMs) for Call Processing, MT Management, AMS(R)S
Provisioning, and PVT/Commissioning. It also contains resource database access routines, error handlers, timers and utility functions that support the FSMs.
The input queues are prioritized as indicated on the GC CGM Inter-process Communications Diagram.
l0 Incoming messages from each queue are processed in order. When an FSM message/event is processed, the Call Process maps the message or event to its state data, performs the state transition processing, and establishes the next state. Errors occurring in a state transition are handled by error routines associated with the current state in the FSM. State data is maintained in the Active Call Record Table, which allows shared read-access for use by support functions in the Monitor process The Call Process has one input queue established via the CGS Backplane for signaling units, and Access security Check Fields (generated by the ASK Manager).
It also has VMS mailboxes for the CGS Software Backplane Process Control interface, internal time notification, internal messages (such as Circuits Available), AMS(R)S requests, and control group reconfiguration requests from the Configuration Process.
Monitor Process The Monitor Process provides the following Call Process support functions:
1. Forward Call Records to the NOC
2. Buffer Call Records on disk 3. Save the MT Access Event History on disk 4. Generate call traffic statistics 5. Respond to Call Search Requests 6. Respond to Call Record Leftover Requests Items 1-3 above are performed when a Call record is terminated. The monitor process receives the Call Record from the Call Process, in a Call Termination message. This process forwards the final Call Record data to the NOC, increments counters for call statistics, stores the Call Record on disk for backup in case the NOC goes down, and stores the MT Access Event History on disk. the MT Access Event History buffers that last ten accesses by MT by storing the time stamp of the end of the call, termination reason, and access type (such as MT Management, Call, NR, etc.).
Statistics (Item 4) are generated by the Statistics Manager and polled by the Site Manager (DECmcc Agent) at configurable time intervals. These data are derived from the Call Process (via the terminated Call Records), and stored in shared memory tables for the Site Manager (DECmcc Agent).
Call Search requests (Item 5) are sent by the NOC
to request the current Call Record (if one exists) of a specific MT, and its Access Event History. The Monitor has read-access to the Active Call Record Table maintained by the Call Process for retrieving the call ID and call record, if it exists, for a MT.
Call Record Leftover requests (Item 6) are sent by the NOC when they are back online after some period of down-time. The request contains the ID of the last ~ Call Record received by the NOC. The Monitor Process retrieves later records which it buffered on disk while the NOC was down.
The Monitor process has one input queue, established via the CGS Backplane, to receive Call Record Requests and Call Search Requests requests from WO 9710362 PCT/tJS96/19120 the NOC. It has a VMS mailbox to receive terminated call records from the Call Process, a mailbox for the CGS Software Backplane Process Control interface, and a mailbox for internal timer notification.
5 GC Router Process This process routes Call Process messages which do not have a Control Group ID. The GC Message Router Process has one input queue established via the CGS
Backplane to receive incoming SUs for internal routing.
10 It also has a VMS mailbox for the CGS Software Backplane Process Control interface, and a mailbox to receive reconfiguration messages from the GC Router Configuration Process.
GC Router Configuration Process 15 This process is an RTR server process to accept reconfiguration transactions from the NOC. This server is only notified of updates when the change affects the Control Group ID of a MT/MIN, IVDM. It cooperates with the router process in the same manner that the Config 20 Process cooperates with the Call Process to complete a transaction.
Router This Process has an RTR input queue. It also has a VMS mailbox for the CGS Software Backplane Process 25 Control interface.
ASK Configuration Manacrer Process The ASK Configuration Manager Process configures the ASK database, based on NOC inputs. The ASK Config Process has one RTR input queue. It also has a VMS
30 mailbox for the CGS Software Backplane Process Control interf ace .

Check Field Generator Process The Check Field Generator generates MT Check Fields in response to Call Process requests. It also receives ASK reconfigurations from the ASK Config Process, which it stores in the memory-resident ASK database. This process has one input queue established via the CGS
Backplane to receive check field requests from the Call Manager. This interface is via the Message Layer because the ASK Manager may not be co-resident with the Call Process it serves. It also has a VMS mailbox for the CGS Software Backplane Process Control interface, and a mailbox to receive configuration messages from the ASK Config Process.
GC Queues Inter-Process Communications Sectuence Example: MT-PSTN Call 1. When a MT Access Request is received on the real-time CALL event queue, the CALL process sets up the call record, establishes a MT Activity Table entry for the call and determines whether the dialed digits in the Access Request SU are complete.
2. If additional digits are required, the CALL
process sends out a request to the MT (see following Note 1 and the following referenced notes) and sets a timer for the expected response.
3. When the additional digits are received, the CALL process cancels the Additional Digits Request timer.
4. The CALL process validates the MT, performs address screening, service permission checks, and routing. If all checks succeed, it allocates circuits and updates the OFFLINE GC CALL UPDATES process.
5. The CALL process requests the Access Security Check Field from the CHECK FIELD process. It sets a timer for the expected response. When the Check Field is received, the CALL process cancels the timer for the request.
6. The CALL process sends out Channel Assignments to the MT and FES. It sets a timer and waits for the Setup Complete message.
7. When the Setup Complete is received from the SLSS, the CALL process cancels the Setup timer, updates the OFFLINE GC CALL UPDATES process, and sets a timer for the Call Status Monitoring interval.
8. when the Call Status Monitoring timer expires, the timer in the CALL Process notifies the Call Manager which sends out a Call Status Request and sets a timer for the response. When the Call Status Reply is received, the CALL process resets the monitoring interval timer.
9. When the Channel Release is received, the CALL
process cancels the Monitor timer and closes out the call by releasing resources, clearing the activity table, and sending a call termination event to the MONITOR process.
10. The MONITOR process closes out the call record, updates the OFFLINE GC CALL UP-DATES process, performs any Statistics generation required, sends the call record to the NOC, and Buffers the call record to disk.
Note 1: All messages to/from the MT are sent via the NAP-S.
Note 2: If the response has not been received before the timer expired, the timer in the CALL process would have notified the Call Manager, which would have performed appropriate error handling.
Note 3: The CALL process can process other calls while it awaits for a response from another process on any given call.

WO 97r10362 PCT/US96I19120 GC Oueued Inter-Process Communications Example Incremental ReconfiQUration 1. When a distributed database transaction from the NOC is received on the GC's RTR queue, the CONFIG
process reads the transaction and prepares an update to the Local GC Configuration database. When the preparation and validation are complete, the CONFIG
process waits for a vote request from the NOC. The CALL process cannot access the new data until the distributed transaction is complete.
2. When the CONFIG receives a vote request via RTR, it returns the GC vote. The GC will return VOTE/COMMIT if its local database validation and update preparation were successful, or VOTE/ABORT if an error occurred while processing the update. After casting the GC vote, the CONFIG process waits for a return code from RTR, indicating the final status of the transaction. Final status is determined by RTR from the votes cast by all participants.
3. If the final status of the transaction is COMMIT, then CONFIG sends a message to CALL informing it of the reconfiguration. CALL updates its links to the reconfigured data and acknowledges the completion of the update. CALL can now access the data.
4. When the update is complete, the CONFIG process sends a Reconfiguration Event to the NOC via the DECmcc AGENT process.
Both the Online and Offline GC's participate in a Control Group reconfiguration since the Offline GC
serves as another RTR partner in each distributed Control Group transaction. The processing is the same cases.
NCC On/Off Line Switchover Process As noted earlier, the fully expanded CGS system includes a second NCC or alternate NCC. This separate physical copy of the NCC maintains near real-time communication with the active on-line NOC and the active on-line NCC via the MSS Internetwork using the TCP/IP protocol. The MSS Internetwork communication path allows the alternate NCC to be geographically separated from the on-line NOC and the on-line NCC.
The near real time communication allows the off-line NCC to maintain a "hot" standby status such that it could become the active on-line NCC with a minimum amount of elapsed time and "lost processing" once the switch between NCCs is initiated.
In order to maintain an up-to-date status at the off-line NCC, the applicable database updates at the on-line NOC will be issued as RTR transactions to maintain lock-step database concurrence across the two NCCs. The categories of message sent to the off-line NCC include:
- MT Customer Configuration - Virtual Network and Routing Configurations - FES Configuration - Channel Unit Pool Configuration - Satellite Resource Configuration - Control Group Operation Parameters - Bulletin Board Data To maintain lock step with ongoing real time call processing, the off-line NCC receives call processing information from the on-line NCC on a call-by-call basis. The major categories of information moving from the off-line NCC to the on-line include the following:
- Call records with frequencies allocated to a call setup - Call records for a call after setup is complete - Call record for a call after the frequencies have been released.
The off-line NCC uses this information to maintain call records and frequency allocations dynamically such ' 65 that the off-line NCC can immediately assume control of the in-process active call suite and is completely aware of the current in-use frequencies to continue with new call setups and ~~old" call releases.
The on-line to off-line NCC switch over may occur as scheduled activity (e. g., periodic maintenance, major NCC H/W or S/W configuration upgrade, etc.) or as a result of a failure of the current on-line NCC.
The scheduled switch over process is the following:
- The on-line NOC or local NCC operator alerts the on-line NCC to initiate processing phase out and suspend active communication with its associated CGS internal element.
- The on-line NCC alerts the off-line NCC that all processing has been suspended and all elements associated with the NCC are waiting for a communication restart.
- The off-line NCC commands the on-line NCC to go to passive standby under its own local operator control. At this point the previous off-line NCC is now the new active on-line NCC.
- The new on-line NCC begins a communication restart sequence with its associated CGS
elements.
This completes the scheduled switch over from an active on-line NCC to the off-line NCC.
The fail over process is initiated by the on-line NOC. The process flow is the following:
- The on-line NOC commands the on-line NCC to go to passive standby under local operator control. This is an insurance command to attempt to eliminate the failed NCC from active participation in CGS processing.
- The on-line NOC commands the off-line NCC to go active.

- The on-line NOC commands all NCC associated elements to suspend communication with the old on-line NCC and wait for an NCC communications restart command.
- The on-line NOC commands the new on-line NCC to begin a communications restart with all of its associated elements.
- The new on-line NCC begins a communications restart sequence with all of its associated elements.
This completes the fail over sequence. If the original active on-line NCC is not capable of fulfilling its role in the fail over sequence, the switch over will be accomplished via NOC operator to NCC operator communication to suspend the operations of the original on-line NCC and then via NOC MMI to command the on-line NOC MPQI to command the on-line NOC to pick up the remainder of the failover sequence.
The Gateway Switch (GWS) is the communications hub for Feederlink Earth Stations (FESs) to provide call processing services to MT users and handles cellular Intersystem Handoff (IHO), Automatic Roaming (AR) and Call Delivery (CD).
The GWS provides the following interfaces:
~ Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) ~ Private Network (PN) ~ Cellular Terrestrial Network (CTN) ~ Network Operations Center (NOC) ~ Station Logic and Signaling Subsystem (SLSS) ~ Network Applications Processor (NAP) The GWS acts as a gateway between the users of the satellite system and the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), Private Networks (PN), and Cellular Terrestrial Network (CTN). Within the FES, the GWS
connects through Communication Channel Units (CCU) and the satellite system for bearer channel connections to Mobile Terminals.
The GWS also connects through a Station Logic and Signaling Subsystem (SLSS) for a control path to and from the Network Control Center (NCC). The GWS views the MSS call processing resources as cell site(s). The cell site emulation performed by the GC, SLSS, NAPS, and CUs allows the satellite system to be configured into the DMS-MTX as an analog cell site.
With respect to the MSS, the basic functions of the GWS are:
~ manage the PSTN/PN interfaces manage CTN interfaces ~ receive and process connections and feature control messages from the SLSS processes ~ provide various operational and administrative support for the switching operations of the network ~ provide various Call Service Features to the MT
user The basic role of the GWS within the Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) system is shown in FIG. 17.
As indicated, the GWS acts as a gateway between the users of the satellite system and the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) or Private Networks (PNs).
Within the FES, the GWS connects through Communication Channel Units (CCUs) and the satellite system for bearer channel connections to Mobile Earth Terminals (METs). The GWS also connects through a Station Logic and Signaling Subsystem (SLSS) for a control path to and from the Network Control Center (NCC).
In contrast to the hardware interfaces shown in FIG. 17, FIG. 18 depicts the basic call processing interaction between the GWS and other elements within and outside of the overall MSS system. As indicated, standard Call Processing (CP) software within the GWS

WO 97!10362 PCT/US96/19120 interfaces with a Call Control Element (CCE) process in the SLSS and with a Group Controller (GC) processing the NCC.
With respect to the MSS, the basic functions of CP
in the GWS are: to manage the PSTN/PN interfaces, receive and process connection and feature control messages from the CCE and GC processes, and provide various operational and administrative support for the switching operations of the network.
In addition to the internal interfaces of the MSS, the GWS CP also interfaces CP control elements of the PSTN or the PNs. In the most basic applications the various CP processes only exchange addressing (dialing) information for call routing. In more advanced applications involving SS7 or ISDN networks, the CPs exchange information for advanced features such as calling number identification, terminal characteristics, calling restrictions, subaddressing, routing requirements, etc.
Note that since the GWS is expected to be a variant of a public network switching system, there will be functional similarities between the.GWS CP and the PSTN
CP and PN CP.
The GWS physically resides as part of the Feederlink Earth Station (FES) (see FIG. 17). The FES
is the network interface point for the interconnection of satellite resources and terrestrial resources. The GWS can best be envisioned as an end-office, connecting to Mobile Earth Terminals (METs) in lieu of subscriber telephones. The METs are special purpose terminal sets communicating, via satellite, to the Feederlink Earth Station.
The METs, in conjunction with other functionality of the FES, can provide circuit switched voice, data and facsimile services. A highly compressed method of voice encoding is used over the satellite channel.

Likewise, the satellite channel can accommodate 4800 bps digital data which is converted to voiceband modulated data (in a Hayes compatible modem format) in the CCU which interfaces to the GWS. In addition, the system supports facsimile traffic complying with the Group 3 standard. Not withstanding the above, services appear at the GWS via 64-kbps (DS-0) bearer channels contained within T-1 physical links. Signalling related to MET originated calls is handled via separate signaling links from the SLSS as described subsequently.
The GWS supports the MSS network provision of Mobile Telephony Service (MTS). MTS is defined as voice, circuit switched data, and Group 3 FAX. At the highest functional level, the following telephony functions shall be supported in the MSS.
~ Establish, maintain and disconnect Mobile Earth Terminal (MET) circuit switched connections.
~ The generation and reporting of Automatic Message Accounting (AMA) events to be used for subscriber billing and operations purposes.
~ Support of Operations, Administration and Maintenance (OA&M) functions and interface to external support systems.
~ Support and interface to voice messaging systems for the network provision of value-added features.
Circuit switched connections may be any one of the following:
~ MET to MET
~ MET to/from PSTN (IEC or LEC) ~ MET to/from Private Network ~ MET to Alternate Operator Services ~ MET/PSTN/PN to Voice Messaging System AMA records of call events shall be maintained and reported by the GWS. The basis for this functionality is LSSGR AMA compliant with some unique MSS data collection required.
The functionality of the Gateway Switching Subsystem has been specified, to the extent possible, to be a generic PSTN, 5 digital switching system. It is desirable to minimized the non-recurring engineering effort imposed on potential switch vendors. Toward this objective, the functional requirements are functionally simil<~r to Bellcore~s LATA Switching System, Generic Requirements (I~SSGR) document.
10 The one area recognized as requiring customized engineering is the interface to the satellite resources, as described below.
The GWS interfaces are grouped into four categories: the Telepone Network Interfaces, Mobile Access Interfaces, the 15 Operations Support Interfaces and the Ancillary Equipment Interfaces. Communications Channel Unit connections are bearer circuits (64-kbps DS-0;~ carrying voice, circuit switched data or facsimile. The connections to the Station Logic and Signalling Subsystem and the Network Control Center are 20 signalling interfaces.
Operations, mainte>nance and administration interfaces are to the Network Operations Center. Ancillary interfaces, for example, to Voice Messaging systems are also provided.
Telephony network intex-faces are shown to the left side of the 25 GWS. PSTN interfaces will be to both the Local Exchange Carrier (LEC) and one or more Inter-Exchange Carriers (IEC).
Multiple Private Networks must also be accommodated.
Alternative Operator Services (AOS) provided by other companies may be used initially for the support of Calling 30 Card/Credit Card billing and operator assisted calling. This function may also be accommodated using WO 97!20362 PGT/US9G/19120 so-called "robot operators" which are a specialized version of an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system.
Trunk access to the PSTN is required. Physical access shall be via T-1 facilities. Extended Superframe format T-is with ANSI recommended alarms and performance reporting is highly recommended. PSTN
access shall support in-band, multi-frequency signaling to and from one or more IECs and the LEC.
Trunk access is also required to Private Networks.
Again, physical access shall be via T-1 facilities with analog interfaces, if required, being accommodated with channel banks outside the scope of this specification.
Again, ESF format T-is are recommended.
Alternate Operator Services may be used in the network for the provision of operator assisted calls and credit card billing validation. Physical access to the AOS service provider shall be via T-.1 facilities.
Collectively, the resources required to support satellite communications are referred to as the Satellite Resources. These resources include the Communications Channel Units, Signaling Channel Units, the Station Logic and Signaling Subsystem and the Network Control Center. Functionally, a GSM 'A' interface is recommended because it best accommodates the fundamental requirements of the satellite interface.
The GSM Recommendation 'A' interface provides the two fundamental characteristics necessary to support the MTS requirements; 64-kbps bearer channels and out-of-band signaling channels. Out-of-band signalling is required to support the interactive nature of call processing between the GWS and the NCC. The NCC has responsibility for three primary functions, as related to the Gateway Switching Subsystem and call processing functionality.

WO 97lZ0362 PCT/US96/19120 ~ Management and allocation of the Satellite Resources ~ Interworking with Cellular networks for Mobility Management ~ Real-time management and administration of the subscriber database Because of this parsing of functionality, the GWS
must interwork with the NCC (via the SLSS) on all call attempts. As originating attempts are presented at the Communications Channel Units, signalling and subscriber information, necessary for the handling of the call attempt, will be communicated across the SLSS signaling interface.
Likewise, terminating attempts from the PSTN or private networks, to a MET subscriber cannot be handled until the GWS and NCC have communicated to identify the satellite resources to be used, and any subscriber-related data necessary in processing the call.
The Communications Channel Unit interface shall be via DSl cross connect facilities. Each DS1 cross connect signal provides 24, 64-kbps (DS-0) PCM
channels. Communications Channel Units have no fixed association with MET terminals or subscribers. This association is supplied to the GWS on a per call basis by the NCC.
Note: A DS1 cross connect signal is functionally equivalent to a T-1 signal that is used for equipment interconnections between equipments in a building.
Because of the integral role that GWS/NCC
communications (via the SLSS) plays in call processing, the SLSS interface must be redundant, be traffic dimensionable, provide for reliable communication of messages, provide reliable communication subsystem recovery in the event of hardware or software failures;
and support the OSI model for open systems interconnection. Signalling System 7. (SS7) is recommended as the most robust signaling protocol available to satisfy these requirements.
The primary function of the Network Operations Center (NOC) is the non real time management and control of MSS resources. The GWS is required to interface with the NOC for the following functions.
~ System surveillance and monitoring ~ Error logging and tracking ~ Control of diagnostic testing and result analysis ~ Management of network restoration procedures ~ Accumulation of AMA call events ~ Database management and administration ~ Accumulation and reporting of network performance statistics ~ Accumulation and reporting of network configuration data ~ Security Management The Gateway Switching Subsystem shall interface to the NOC for its internal Memory Administration, AMA
Teleprocessing, Network Management, Measurements and Statistic reporting and System Status Monitoring and Surveillance.
The NOC interfaces) shall meet OSI requirements for Open Systems Interconnection, such as X.25. The interfaces) shall support multiple physical or logical channels for each function. If multiple logical channels are provided on a single physical interface, each logical segment of the interface shall be dimensionable based on the data through-put demands placed on it.
The Traffic Data Collection System is referenced as the interface for the communication of traffic measurements and statistics to the NOC. This interface is specified in LSSGR FSD 45-09-0100. The GWS
interfaces with the NOC to provide remote memory WO 97!20362 PGT/US96/19120 administration functionality. The Memory Administration Interface shall be provided per the requirements stated in LSSGR FSD 45-O1-0701.
The GWS AMA Teleprocessing Interface is provided'in the form of an AMA Transmitter (AMAT), permitting the store, poll and forward transmittal of GWS collected AMA records to the NOC. This interface meets generic requirements of an AMAT. Network management messaging is defined in Bellcore LSSGR, FSD 45-18-0403 and FSD
45-09-0100.
Remote Switching Maintenance Interfaces is provided in either synchronous or asynchronous form. Bellcore LSSGR FSD 35-08-0100 and FSD 35-08-0200 provide details of those interfaces. The synchronous interface is preferred. This interface supports a Voice Messaging System with the capability of delivering original called number identification for forwarded numbers so the voice messaging system can provide personalized greetings.
The Gateway Switch consists of multiple items illustrated in FIG. 19. The DMS-MTX SNSE is the main component of the GWS. This component provides the control to perform call management and system control functions. The SNSE was chosen for the optimal cost and size. This configuration supports a 16K port switch. The delivered hardware is Motorola 68020/20MHz based. The SNSE consists of the following sub-components:
~ Message Switch (MS) - This component is commonly referred to as the DMS-BUS. The DMS-bus is the messaging hub of the system. The message switch is a fully duplicated entity that provides message routing between system components. A 32 bit MC68020 microprocessor, supported by 6 megabytes of memory, manages the overall performance of the DMS-bus.

~ Enhanced Network (ENET). The third shelf of the SCC cabinet contains the ENET. The ENET is a conventional matrix timeswitch designed to achieve high density at low power consumption. The ENET provides a 5 duplicated, junctorless, nonblocking network. The ENET
Cross-points are optimized for a 16K channel network.
~ Computing Module (CM) - The bottom shelf of the SCC cabinet contains the CM. The CM is fully duplicated, synchronized, computing module. The CM
10 utilizes the 32 bit Motorola MC68020 microprocessor.
There are 216 megabytes of call and program store capacity (maximum growth) in each CM.
~ System Load Module (SLM) - The bottom shelf of the SCC also contains the SLM. The SLM provides for 15 rapid loading of office images and updates. It consists of a 600 megabyte hard disk and a 150 megabyte high-speed streaming tape drive to permit fast memory loading. There are two SLMs. Each is directly connected to its corresponding CM.
20 The Intelligent Cellular Peripheral (ICP) is a dual shelf (ICP 0 and ICP 1) peripheral designed to provide the necessary functions for supporting a call processing interface for cell site communications. The dual shelves operate in hot standby mode. That is, one 25 shelf is active, providing the necessary processing and control functions, while the adjacent shelf is in hot standby mode, able to take over if a fault occurs on the active shelf. The call processing interface handles all signaling between the DMS-MTX and the 30 NAP/SLSS to support incoming and outgoing calls, and intersystem handoff. The ICP interface to the NAP/SLSS
is done via cell site emulation. The satellite resources (GC, SLSS, NAP, CU) emulate cell sites) for the ICP. Each "cell site" communicates to the ICP via 35 LAPD communications on a DSO of the T1 connecting the satellite resources to the GWS. The ICP views the satellite resources as multiple analog cell sites.
The communicating to and from a cell site is done using a Layer 3 proprietary Northern Telecom cell site protocol. In addition to providing the necessary mechanism to allow the MSS to interconnect to the GWS
and provide call processing services, the emulation of a cell site presents some situations that are applicable to cellular telecommunications, but do not have any meaning to satellite telecommunications.
These situations are handled by the SLSS and NAP in a manner to satisfy the ICP protocol.
The following list outlines the hardware support that an ICP provides for connecting to the MSS.
~ 10 Tls per ICP
~ 240 DSO Channels ~ 2 DSOs per Cell Site used for LAP-D Communication (1 Active, 1 Standby) ~ 118 DSO Voice Connections per Cell Site (Maximum) The ICP connects to the DMS-MTX via one DS 512 fiber link. The DMS-MTX can accommodate seven ICPs providing 1512 channels between the GWS and the NAP/SLSS.
The Digital Trunk Controller (DTC) is a dual shelf (DTC 0 and DTC 1) peripheral designed to provide the necessary functions for supporting trunk terminations to the outside networks. The dual shelves operate in hot standby mode. That is, one shelf is active, providing the necessary processing and control functions, while the adjacent shelf is in hot standby mode, able to take over if a fault occurs on the active shelf. The DMS-MTX will accommodate thirteen DTCs to provide for 255 T-1 connections. (150 CTN, 105 PSTN/PN
- max configuration) .

WO 97!20362 PCT/US96I19120 The DTC provides the following:
~ T1 trunks to process incoming and outgoing call processing (DID and DOT trunks) ~ T1 trunks to provide an interface to private network PBXs.
~ T1 trunks to Voice Mail systems (Option) ~ T1 trunks for Intersystem Handoff voice connections to the CTN (AMSC) ~ T1 trunks to PBX to provide support for administration T1 trunks to a Channel Bank for four wire E&M
connections The DTC connects to the DMS-MTX via one DS512 fiber link. The DTC can support up to twenty Tls. This provides 480 channels per DTC.
The Link Peripheral Processor (LPP) in the DMS-MTX
provides an interface to Northern SS7 networks to provide the following:
~ CTN SS7 network to provide point to point IS-41 interface over an F-link to another SS7 CTN node.
~ CTN SS7 network to provide IS-41 messaging interface to an STP over a standard A-link.
The LPP connects to the DMS-MTX via sixteen DS30 links. The Input/output Controller (IOC) provides the ~ interfaces for the microprocessor based Input/output Device (IOD) controllers. The IOC relays messages to IOD controllers.
The IOC in the DMS-MTX provides the interface for the following devices:
~ Maintenance and Administration Positions (MAP) -The MAP is used for overall maintenance and administration of the DMS office. The MAP is a standard VT100 format that provides access to switch table sand configuration.

WO 97lZ0362 PCT/US96/19120 ~ Printers - The printers connected to the IOC are utilized to dump log reports and operational measurements to paper.
~ Disk Drive Units (DDU) - The DDU consists of a disk drive and power converter card. The purpose of the DDU is to provide storage for CDRs, log files, and other switch output files.
~ Magnetic Tape Drive (MTD) - The MTD is a 9-track tape unit used to store data for applications. These applications include OMs, trouble diagnostic data, CDRs, customer data modification, and office data modification.
Device Independent Recording Package (DIRP) -This is part of the IOD subsystems and operates under, the control of the IOC. The main purpose of DIRP is to redirect output from switch processes to output devices such as printers and disk drives. DIRP controls the data flow from originating subsystems such as CDR, OM, of JF, and the recording devices on which the data is to be stored.
~ X.25 layer 2 and Layer 3 IS-41 to the CTN - The X.25 connections provided t the CTN provide the carriage of IS41 signaling to and from other Mobile Switching Centers (MSC)s. This connection can operate at 9.6kbps, 19.2kbps, or 56kbps depending on the card and type of X.25 connection/modem.
~ Call Detail Record (CDR) Interface - The CDR
interface provides the mechanism for the transfer of billing records from the switch to a peripheral device at near real time. For the MSS this peripheral device is the Network Operations Center (NOC).
~ Dial up Connection Interface - The Dialup Connection allows the transfer of switch data over a telephone line. These interfaces are commonly used as remote MAPs.

WO 97lZ0362 PGT/US96/19120 ~ Operations and Maintenance Connections - The 0&M
interface is provided by a connection through the IOC
to an external device for the transfer of Logs and OMs from the switch to a device for processing.
The DMS-MTX contains additional devices used for trunking. The MCAM cabinet type contains the following DMS-MTX devices:
~ Package Trunk Module (PTM) - The PTM is a system peripheral module that encodes and multiplexes incoming speech from a maximum of 30 analog trunks into 8-bit pulse code modulation format. The PTM combines information with internal and supervisory control signals for transmission at 2.56 mbs to the network.
~ Service Trunk Module (STM) - The STM is a reduced size Maintenance Trunk Module (MTM). The MTM primary function is to interface service, test, and maintenance circuits. Each STM operates independent of the other and functions as a separate peripheral module. The STM
accepts analog trunks, digital service circuits, or both, and processes the signals to a common PCM format.
One type of STM is the Digital Recorded Announcement Machine (DRAM). The DRAM provides recorded announcements that have been stored in digital format.
The DRAM can provide fully digitized voice announcements for up to thirty separate channels simultaneously. A fully configured DRAM can provide up to sixty-four separate announcements.
~ Power Distribution panel (PDP) - The PDP performs the power source distribution for the DMS-MTX.
The DE-4E Smart Terminal is the chosen Channel Hank for CGS. This Smart Terminal is an intelligent microprocessor based EMI compliant system designed to provide point to point private lines. The single-digroup DE-4E Smart Channel Bank is capable of housing up to 24 "service adaptive" channel units. The channel WO 97!20362 PCT/US96/19120 units are available for two wire or four wire circuits and various signaling including E&M type 1, 2 and 3.
The Timing Signal Generator (TSG) is used to derive system clocking for SS7 signaling. The TSG derives its 5 timing from T-is connected to a toll office with a stratum three or higher clock. The TSG then distributes timing to the various components. Note that the TSG is only used when SS7 signaling is required. The DCD-400 from Telecom Solutions is the 10 chosen model for the GWS TSG.
When the TSG is not used to provide system clocking, a standard clock card in the SNSE cabinet is used to distribute clocking to the DMS-MTX.
To provide the ability to patch T-is from the DTC
15 and ICP to various other pieces of hardware, Channel Hanks, MUXs, and MAPS for example, the MTX is equipped with two Digital Signal Crossconnection Patch Panel (DSX) patch panels, such as the DSX-29/56 model manufactured by ACD Telecommunications. The patch 20 panel provides the following:
~ 56 connections total ~ Wire-wrap rear cross-connects ~ Horizontal and vertical rings ~ Flush 3" or 4" mountings 25 ~ Jacks numbered A 1-28, B 1-28 ~ Red flashing LEDs ~ Bantam jack monitoring and patching The Main Distribution Frame (MDF) is the demarcation point for four wire E&M trunks.
30 The GWS software and hardware will provide for the following Voice Service Features in addition to the basic call processing.
~ Call Forwarding Unconditional - The GWS will control the forwarding of calls made to MT users that 35 have activated this call forwarding feature. When this feature is activated, calls are forwarded to the CFU
number without attempting to contact the MT user.
~ Call Forwarding Busy - The GWS will control the forwarding of calls made to MT users that have activated this call forwarding feature. When this feature is activated, incoming calls to a MT are forwarded if the MT is involved in another call. Note that the incoming call must be to the same MIN that the MT is currently using.
~ Call Forwarding No Reply - The GWS will control the forwarding of calls made to MT users that have activated this call forwarding feature. When this feature is activated, incoming calls to a MT are forwarded if the MT either does not respond to the page request, or times out ringing.
~ Call Waiting - The GWS will control this feature.
If a MT user is involved in a call and receives another call to that MIN and has Call Waiting, the DMS-MTX puts the incoming call on hold and applies a 440Hz tone to the voiceband to notify the MT of the other call. If the MT user decides to toggle to the other call, the DMS-MTX connects the second call to the MT and puts the original call on hold.
~ Conference Calling - The GWS will control this feature. If a MT user decides to add a third party to a call (the DMS-MTX supports a maximum of three parties in a call), the MTX puts the first call on hold, allocates a conference port and routes the second call.
Once the MT user signals the MTX to conference the calls, the MTX connects all three parties together. If the MT who originated the first call was the originator of the conference, and he hands up, all parties are disconnected.
~ Call Transfer - The GWS will control this feature. If a MT was called by another party and wishes to transfer the call, the MTX puts the first WO 97!10362 PC'T/US96/19120 call on hold and allocates a conference port and routes the second call. At this point there are three options for the MT.
- Option 1 - Hang up before the party answers. In this case the MTX will transfer the call.
- Option 2 - Wait for the other party to answer, talk and hang up without ever conferencing in the other party from the first call. At this time, the MTX will transfer the call.
- Option 3 - Wait for the other party to answer, conference in the other party. After conversing in a conference, hang up. At this time, the MTX will transfer the call.
~ Call Forwarding Congestion - The GWS will control this feature. If the situation arises at the GWS where all of a particular trunk group is busy to or from a switch, the DMS-MTX has the capability to datafill a secondary route that will be used if the primary route is busy or out of service. There are two other possible call forwarding scenarios that the switch addresses. First, if there are no channel units available for a particular call, the MTX will send the call to an announcement. Next, if there are channel units available, but no satellite frequencies, the MTX
will either send the call to the page timeout announcement, or reroute the call if the MT user has this feature activated for the particular MIN being called.
~ Call Barring - The GWS will control part of this feature. The GWS will validate the MIN and ESN of a MT
either via a lookup in the HLR or by communicating to the Home MSC of the MT via IS41. The GWS provides line options in the HLR to allow restrictions such as denied originations (DOR), denied terminations (DTM), or suspended service (RSUS, SUS) to be placed on MT users.

~ Operator Assistance - The GWS will control this feature. The DMS-MTX provides the ability to route calls that request operator services to a route that will send the call to an operator switch.
~ Alternate Account Code Charging - The GWS
provides the ability for users to append a digit code (Account Code) at the end of the dialed digit string to differentiate calls made from different accounts. This string is not validated by the MTX and is strictly for customer billing clarification.
The call detail record (CDR) system is used to record comprehensive billing and other data on all calls. The CDR system accepts call information data from the DMS system. The data is then recorded on a tape, disk, or sent to the NOC by using the standard Multi-Network Protocol (MNP) protocol manufactured by Northern Telecom used to transfer CDR billing data from a DMS-MTX switch to a remote billing processor at near real-time.
The CDR's are recorded on the hard disk at the GWS
and sent to the NOC by the X.25 (MNP) using a V.35 interface. There is a redundant X.25 link that can be enabled in the event of a failure of the primary path to the NOC. Since the CDRs are written to the hard disk at the GWS, the transfer on the backup link can begin at the point where the transfer failed in the case of a redundancy switch. This method insures that CDR's are not lost in the event of a failure in the primary path from the GWS to the NOC. The CDR fields are described in Table A.
The message protocol used for MNP contains the following Protocol Data Units (PDU):
ACS-SFO: Access request message - Start file outgoing WO 97!10362 PCT/US96/19120 This message contains the information necessary for the far end to begin establishment of a file transfer.
(35 octets) STS-ACK: Status message - Access request acknowledge This message is sent in response to the ACS-SFO
message when the NOC accepts the billing file request.
(3 octets) CNT-PRT: Control message - Set device to print mode This message is sent to the NOC when the GWS is ready to transfer data. (2 octets) CNT-RED: Control message - Set device to read mode This message is sent by the NOC to start the file transfer. (2 octets) STS-EOB: Status message - End of block This message contains the sequence number of the previous sent data block. This message is sent by the GWS to describe the data block just sent. (8 octets) CNT-RNB: Status message - Request next block This message contains the sequence number of the received data block. This indicates that the data blocks up to the sequence number were successfully received by the NOC. (6 octets) STS-EOF: Status message - End of file This message is sent by the GWS when the entire billing file is transferred. (2 octets) STS-CPL: Status message - Access complete This message is sent by both the GWS and the NOC to wrap up the~current session. (2 octets) DATA: Application Data This message is a 2K octet block of data, and is followed by the STS-EOB message. It contains billing information which is retrieved from the billing file on 5 the disk.
The following describes the basic message flow between the GWS and the NOC for the transfer of CDRs via MNP.
Step 1: The GWS has a billing file ready to 10 transfer. The SVC of X.25 at layer 3 has been established between the GWS and the NOC.
Step 2: The protocol messages have been exchanged for startup, and both ends have recognized the billing file. At this point, the file transfer is ready to 15 start.
Step 3: The data blocks are sent from the GWS to the NOC. In the opposite direction, acknowledgement messages are sent back to the GWS to notify it of successful transfer of a data block. This example, 20 shows a window size of one. This means that a CNT-RNB
is expected before another data block is sent from the GWS. For applications with larger window sizes, i.e., greater than 1, the GWS will not wait for a NTR-RNB for a data block before transmitting the other data blocks 25 contained in the window. The CNT-RNHs for each block are still expected, but can arrive back at the GWS in any order.
Step 4: When reaching the end of the billing file, the STS-EOF message is sent to the NOC to notify it of 30 the completion of the file transfer. Subsequently, the STS-CPL message is exchanged to end the session.
Step 5: The GWS shuts down the X.25 SVC link between the GWS and the NOC.
Some MSS system users have voice communication 35 requirements that are not met by MTS and Mobile Radio Service (MRS). They need to communicate in a virtual network arrangement that allows each member of the group to hear what any other user is saying. Each member of the group can also talk when needed. The system behaves like a radio multi-party line. Public services and law enforcement agencies are typical users of this service, which is normally provided by either traditional terrestrial radio networks or by the more recent trunked radio systems. These trunked systems, generally in the 800-900 MHz band, provide groups of end users with virtual private systems by assigning , frequencies to CUGs on a demand basis. The virtual network service is meant to be the satellite equivalent of terrestrial trunked systems ("trunking" for short), and could be pictured as a "Satellite Trunked Radio Service", or "Satellite Trunking".
The virtual network service provides the capability described in the previous paragraph in a cost effective manner:
as one shared satellite demand period circuit per virtual network is utilized rather than one circuit per mobile user, the cost per minute of a group conversation would be much less expensive to the owner of the group, and as the call set-up time for one shared circuit per virtual network compared to an MRS multi-user, conference set-up time is likely to be more acceptable to a group end user/operator, who normally expects to be able to talk as soon as the handset/microphone is taken off-hook.
A virtual network is defined as a partition of METs and FESs within a control group having particular connectivity attributes. Each virtual network has a defined set of service features to which its users may subscribe as a whole or individually. As illustrated in FIG. 20, a virtual network is associated with a group of FESs and METs. It is possible for an FES to belong to a particular virtual network or be shared by multiple virtual networks. It is also possible for a MET to belong to a maximum of 16 different virtual networks. Interconnection between different virtual networks is supported by the MSS system.
The database files on the METs and the communications nets of a subscribing organization comprise a Virtual Network (VN) within the MSS system, and is assigned a Virtual Network identification number. All of the METs in a VN may communicate with each other.
An overview of the MSS system with the VN service is illustrated in FIG. 21. FIG. 21 illustrates the basic concept and elements involved in establishment of communications and control in the virtual network system. METs access the system via one or more L-band beams. Each beam contains one or more signaling channels for network control. and call establishment and a number of communications channels for provision of virtual network services to METs.
The L-band frequencies are translated to Ku-band frequencies by the satellite 12. The Network Control Center 14 is responsible for the real time allocation of channels to support virtual network calls. The base Feederlink Earth Station 16 is responsible for re-transmission on the outbound channel of the MET
transmissions received on the inbound channel, control of the virtual network call, and interfacing the virtual network call to terrestrial private networks.
Virtual network service is available to users in the virtual network group on subscription to MSS. A
subscribing organization may comprise a number of METs grouped by their communication needs. A virtual private communication net is established for each of these groups or subgroups.

The base FES 16 can interconnect the virtual network call to terrestrial private networks so that a dispatcher located within the private network can participate in the conversation. A dispatch facility may be directly connected to the base FES 16, or may use leased PSTN or dial-up access, or may use a Mobile Radio Service (MRSA) circuit. An example of a virtual network service subscribing organization with several communication virtual networks is depicted in FIG. 22.
The virtual network MET operates in a virtual network and receives voice transmissions from all other MET users in the same virtual network group, and the base FES. The MET supports virtual network service on a single demand period circuit per beam, which is shared by the entire group. The MET requiring communications will be given the virtual network (VN) ID for the net and since different VN groups may be necessary for different purposes, the MET may be given a number of different VN IDs, VN IDs may represent organizational groups such as fleets or sub-fleets. VN IDs may represent functional groups such as a command unit which draws on mobile users from more than one fleet or sub-fleet. VN IDs may represent geographic configurations such as an east or west area, or both.
Virtual Network Configuration Each GC receives from the NOC, via the NCC
Controller, the Virtual Network configuration database from each customer network. The database is processed and organized to support and optimize all real-time call processing accesses for Virtual Network attributes and configuration data. During operation the GC shall support the incremental addition to, deletion from, or modification to, the Virtual Network configuration database, under direction of the NOC.

WO 97r10362 PCT/US96/19120 To support configuration changes each GC shall control the operating state of its Virtual Networks in accordance with NOC directives. Transitions between the following Virtual Network operational states shall be supported:
a. Inactive/initialized. Ready to become active.
b. Active - normal. Processing traffic normally.
c. Active - unloading. Blocking new calls and servicing disconnects to unload traffic.
d. Active - unloaded. Blocking new calls; traffic has beer. unloaded.
The NCC Controller is able to display each GC Virtual Network configuration and status tables locally via the NCCTE man-machine interface, or to transmit Virtual Network configuration and status tables upon request to the NOC via the MSS Internetwork.
Virtual Network Call Status These tables contain call status data for each Virtual Network:
a. Call data records:
i. Call Identifier ii. FTIN
iii. RTIN
iv. MET supplied dial digits v. Terrestrial network supplied dial digits vi. MET port id vii. Service type (voice, data, fax and expansion to new service types) viii. Connection type (MET to terrestrial, MET to MET, terrestrial to MET.
ix. Control Group ID
x. Virtual Network xi. Advanced features used xii. FES Terminal xiii. Circuit pool utilized.

xiv. L-band beam accessed.
xv. Forward link Ku-Band frequency used.
xvi. Forward link L-Hand frequency used.
xvii. Return link L-Band frequency used.
5 xviii. Return link Ku-Band frequency used.
xix. Forward link power level authorization.
xx. Queueing flag.
xxi. Priority for queueing. ' xxii. Date/time of access request.
l0 xxiii. Date/time of channel assignment.
xxiv. Date/time of setup complete.
xxv. Date/time of channel release.
xxvi. Call clearing reason code.
b. Aggregate calls in progress.
15 c. Current call processing completion rat a d. Current call blocking rate.
Virtual Network Configuration Table This table defines the configuration databases for each Virtual Network, served by the Control Group. The 20 database provides a complete definition of each Virtual Network's service permissions, routing rules, and address screening constraints. This table also contains the NOC assigned operating state for each Virtual Network - Inactive/Initialized, Active-Normal, 25 Active-Unloading, Active-Unloaded. The GC supports foreground and background Virtual Network Configuration tables to facilitate the network configuration change procedures.
Virtual Network Functional Characteristics 30 This section describes the virtual networking capabilities offered by the MSS. Generally from a functional perspective, a virtual network involves membership rules, a dialing plan, and a set of dialing allowances and/or restrictions.

Each MET is a member of at least one VN. A MET is optionally a member of up to 15 additional VNs. One VN
of which a MET is a member be denoted as the default VN
for that MET. MET VN membership(s) is provided on a subscription basis. Dual-mode METs (METs capable of both cellular and MSS operation) that are registered in the MSS shall constitute a specific VN denoted VN-C.
No other METs is members of VN-C.
VN MET addresses are selected from blocks of numbers allocated from the North American PSTN. Since MET numbers are selected from the North American PSTN, and no number translation is performed, MET and PSTN/PN
numbers are disjoint. A MET user has the capability to select, on a call-by-call basis, the specific VN within which he/she wishes to act; this VN is denoted the "acting VN". The MET user indicates the acting VN by an optional suffix. If no suffix is presented, the acting VN is the default VN defined for the MET. The MET must be a member of any VN selected by the suffix.
Within an acting VN:
a. MET-to-MET calls utilize 7-digit (NXX-XXXX) dialing, or 10-digit (NPA-NXX-XXXX) dialing.
Other dialing plans for MET-to-MET calling may be offered as options.
b. MET-to-PSTN/PN calls utilize 10 digit dialing, international dialing and dialing access to operators, carriers, etc., as offered by the connected PSTN/PN.
All dialed numbers are subject to screening based on the VN rules and the screening associated with the individual MET. In VN-C (for dual-mode METs registered in the MSS) registered dual-mode METs shall use their usual PSTN number.
For each VN, it is possible to define call screening (.call barring) rules (restrictions and allowances) for every MET in the VN. Screening rules WO 97!20362 PCT/US96/19120 for MET originated calls are definable to govern the allowance of a call originating at every MET in the VN.
Screening rules are definable to govern the acceptance of a call presented to every MET in the VN. In addition to screening rules defined for all METs in the VN, screening rules are separately definable for individual METs within the VN.
For MET-originated calls, the following general rules are available based on the called number.
A MET-originated call may be permitted to:
a. Any MET number in the VN.
b. No MET number in the VN.
c. Any PSTN/PN number.
d. No PSTN number.
e. Only domestic US PSTN numbers.
f. Only PSTN numbers within NPAs on a specified NPA list.
g. No PSTN numbers within NPAs on a specified NPA
list.
h. Only to MET and/or PSTN/PN numbers on a specified list.
Order of application of these rules shall be as indicated by the decision tree in FIG. 23. For calls presented to METS, the following rules are available based on the call source (when available) A MET-presented call may be permitted from:
a. Any MET number in the VN.
b. No MET number in the VN.
c. Any PSTN/PN number.
d. No PSTN/PN number.
If calling line identification presentation is available from the PSTN/PN, a MET-presented call may be permitted from:
e. Any domestic US PSTN number.

f. Only PSTN numbers within NPAs on a specified NPA list.
g. No PSTN numbers within NPAs on a specified NPA
list.
h. Only from MET and/or PSTN numbers on a specified list.
Order of application of these rules are as indicated by the decision tree in FIG. 23. Additional call screening rules may be provided. For example, a MET restricted from making any outgoing call is restricted from Call Transfer since that feature involves outgoing call placement.
MET Features This section provides a description of each feature available to MET users. Availability of a feature to a specific MET depends on the characteristics defined for the VN in which the MET is a member and the characteristics defined for the individual MET.
Connected Line Identification Presentation (COLP) is a service that is offered to the calling MET to provide presentation of the connected MET's number (when the call is established) to the calling MET. The GWS is capable of providing at least 10 digits for MET-terminated calls and at least 15 digits for PSTN/PN-terminated calls to the calling MET.
COLP is provisioned on a subscription basis collectively to each METs within the VN. COLP is withdrawn on request by the subscribing authority or by MSS for administrative reasons. COLP is active on subscription and inactive on withdrawal. COLP is automatically invoked by the GWS at call completion.
When COLP is allowed and active, the GWS provides the calling MET with the connected MET VN number at call completion (answer) for all MET-originated incoming calls.

When COLP or equivalent service is provided by the PSTN/PN, and the connected PSTN/PN number is provided by the PSTN/PN, the GWS provides the calling MET with the connected PSTN/PN number at call completion (answer) for all PSTN/PN-completed calls. When COLP is allowed and active, the connected number is not presented if:
a. The connected MET has COLR activated, or b. The connected number is not available from the PSTN/PN.
Assume that a user A has an established call with user B and transfers this call with user B to user C.
If user A has activated COLP, user A receives B's number when user A evokes the normal call transfer procedure. If user C has activated COLP, user C
receives B's number at the transfer of user B to user C. A conference controller who has COLP activated is presented with the connected party's number when that party is either part of the initial activation of the conference or is added to an existing conference.
If the connected party has activated Connected Line Identification Restriction the connected number is not presented to the calling party. If the incoming call from a MET with COLP activated has been forwarded, the number presented to the calling party is the number of the final "forwarded to" party.
Connected Line Identification Restriction (COLR) is a service that is offered to the connected MET to restrict presentation of the connected MET's number to the calling MET or to the PSTN/PN. COLR is provisioned on a subscription basis collectively to each MET in the VN and/or individually to METs within the VN. COLR is withdrawn on request by the subscribing authority or by MSS for administrative reasons. COLR is active on subscription and inactive on withdrawal.

When COLR is allowed and active, the GWS does not provide the calling MET with the connected MET VN
number for all MET-originated calls. When COLR is allowed and active, no connected MET number is provided 5 to the PSTN/PN for any PSTN-to-MET calls.
Assume that a user A has an established call with user B and transfers this call with user B to user C.
If user B has activated COLR, user A receives B's number when user A evokes the normal call transfer 10 procedure. If user B has activated COLP, user C
receives B's number at the transfer of user B to user C. If potential conferees have COLR activated, the conference controller is not presented with the connected party's number when that party is either part 15 of the initial activation of the conference or is added to an existing conference.
If the connected party has activated Connected Line Identification Restriction (COLR), the connected number is not presented to the calling party. If the incoming 20 call from a MET with COLP activated has been forwarded, and the "forwarded to party has COLR activated, the "forwarded to" party's number is not presented to the calling party.
The intent of sub-addressing is to allow the 25 identification of separate ports and connected device that may be part of a MET. Examples include voice, facsimile and data ports/devices. Each usable port on a MET shall be assigned an VN number. The implication is that a MET port that is physically present but does 30 not have an assigned number cannot be used. In the following, the term "MET sub-address(s)" is used to describe one or all of the set of (complete) VN numbers assigned to the ports of a given MET.
The general model adapted for the subaddressing 35 description is a PBX telephone with multiple extensions associated with it. For example, a result of this WO 97120362 PGT/US96/191~0 model is that the various MET subaddresses can be forwarded separately -- this (and other) results are appropriate for multi-device (multi-media) METs.
Subaddressing is provisioned and number assigned on a subscription basis individually to METs within the VN. Subaddresses is withdrawn on request by the subscribing authority or by MSS for administrative reasons. Subaddressing is active on subscription and inactive on withdrawal.
Features are subscribed to and activated for each MET subaddress separately (e.g., forwarding). It is assumed that some features (e. g., Forwarding, Hold, Transfer) will have utility for non-voice calls.
Others are precluded by the nature of the communication devices (e. g., Conferencing, Call Waiting). For call completion purposes, a MET is considered busy if any MET subaddress is busy. Forwarding applies to each MET
subaddress separately. However, for Call Forwarding Busy, the busy state applies as in 2 above.
Call Forwarding No Reply is interpreted to apply to a MET port that has a MET subaddress assigned but no device connected. In-channel Call, Waiting indication is applicable to voice ports/devices only. Number Identification features shall apply to each MET
subaddress separately. For example, CLIP can be activated for some MET subaddresses and not others.
Call screening rules shall be definable for each subaddress separately.
The Call Transfer (CT) feature enables a MET user (the "served user" or "A") to transform an established call into a new call between the other party on the , established call (user "B") and a third party (user "C"). The "normal" Call Transfer procedure is offered as a feature to MET users. The GWS may offer an additional."single step" Call Transfer procedure (see below) to MET users.

"Normal" call transfer (sometimes called "screened transfer") establishes a call between the served user and the third party that may be subsequently transformed into a call between the other party and the third party. Optionally, the GWS may offer "single step" ("unscreened") transfer where the transfer occurs without an established call between the served user and the third party.
CT is provisioned on a subscription basis collectively to each MET in the VN and/or individually to METs within the VN. CT is withdrawn on request by the subscribing authority or by MSS for administrative reasons. Each of the CT types offered is subscribed to separately. The "normal" call transfer procedure shall normally operate as follows:
a. An established call exists between A and B.
b. A invokes the "normal" CT procedure, providing the number for C.
c. B shall be placed on hold and a call shall be established between A and C.
d. During the established call, A invokes completion of the "normal" CT procedure.
e. B shall be connected to C; connection are removed between A and the other parties.
If, during the "normal" CT procedure, the call to C
cannot be established, A shall be able to retrieve the connection to B. The "single step" call transfer procedure, if offered, normally operates as follows:
a. An established call exists between A and B.
b. A invokes the "single step" transfer procedure, providing the number for C.
c. A call is established between B and C. A is disconnected.
After the "single step" CT procedure has been invoked, B is considered the originating party of the attempted WO 97!10362 PCT/US96/19120 call to C; for example, B is informed of alerting at C
and, if the call to C cannot be completed, B is informed.
Call forwarding allows the served or "forwarding"
user to direct the GWS to send incoming calls to the served MET number to other numbers under specific conditions. Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU) allows the forwarding user to direct the GWS to send all incoming calls to another number. Call Forwarding Busy (CFB) allows the forwarding user to direct the GWS to~
send incoming calls to another number if the forwarding user's MET is in the "busy" state (establishing a call or involved in an established call, on hold or invoking a feature) .
Call Forwarding Congestion (CFC) allows the GWS to send incoming calls to a recorded announcement if the forwarding user's MET cannot be connected to MSS
congestion. Call Forwarding No Reply (CFNR) allows the forwarding user to direct the GWS to send incoming calls to another number if the forwarding user doe not reply within a subscribed time interval.
Forwarding is provisioned on a subscription basis collectively to each MET in the VN and/or individually to METs within the VN. Forwarding is withdrawn on request by the subscribing authority or by MSS for administrative reasons. Each of the forwarding types offered is subscribed to separately. MSS may offer forwarding in "packages" containing one or more forwarding types.
The served user is able to activate each of the forwarding types offered separately. Activation of forwarding requires the served user to supply the forwarded-to number. The GWS validates the forwarded-to number to the extent possible before activating forwarding. When forwarding is active and forwarding conditions are met, forwarding is automatically invoked; incoming calls to the served user's MET'is forwarded without being offered to the served user's MET.
A configurable limit is provided on the maximum _ number of forwarding invocations that result from~a single original call. This is intended to prevent-"infinite forwarding." The GWS may provide' notification to the served user's MET when forwarding takes place. When a call is forwarded, the forwarc~ed-to MET is provided an indication that the ii-icomirig~call is offered as a result of forwarding. The GWS provides the originally called number and the condition for~the last forwarding operation to the forwarded-to ME'f.
The GWS provides notification to the~calling user that the call has been forwarded. The GWS provide~~ the capability for the served user to review the MET's=
forwarding status. The forwarding user's MET
optionally receives an indication that an incoming~-call has been forwarded. This may involve a sep~rate~
subscribed service. ~ ~ ~~.
Call waiting (CW) is a service that is offer~d'to a called MET that provides that MET indication of an~-incoming call, if busy. If it can be deteri~iried' t~iat the active call is a voice call, in-channel indication (tone) is provided.v Otherwise, in-channel indication is not be provided. The number of waiting calls at~a busy MET is limited to one. Additional incoming calls receive busy indication. ' 1 CW is provisioned on a subscription basis collectively to each MET in the VN and/or individually to METs within the VN. CW is withdrawn on request'by the subscribing authority or by MSS for administrative reasons. CW is active on subscription and inactive on withdrawal. A procedure is provided to allow activation or inactivation on a call-by-call basis.

WO 97/20362 PC'T/US96/19120 CW is invoked by the GWS automatically when a call is presented to a busy MET unless a waiting call exists at that MET. The MSS network may not be aware of the state where the MET users is entering digits for a call but has not yet invoked "send." During this state call attempts may ring rather than invoke CW or busy forwarding. Call Forwarding Unconditional takes precedence over CW. CW takes precedence over CFB. CW
is presented if the called MET has CFNR activated.
The Call Hold (CH) service allows a served MET user to interrupt an existing active call and subsequently resume (retrieve) the active call. The bearer channel remains assigned to the served user to allow the origination or termination of other calls. The retrieve re-establishes the original (held) call on the bearer channel. CH is provisioned on a subscription basis collectively to each MET in the VN and/or individually to METs within the VN. CH is withdrawn on request by the subscribing authority or by MSS for administrative reasons. Call Hold is invoked by the served MET user by use of a control procedure.
The served user has the capability to invoke or hold any time after a call has been answered and before call clearing has begun. Call Hold allows either MET
or both METs in an active call to invoke Call Hold.
That is,:it is possible for each party to have the other on hold. If a user invokes hold while held and makes an additional call, a new channel will be assigned.
Provision shall be made for providing the held MET
user with in-channel indication ("comfort" tone, music, etc.) that the held state persists. This indication' will also inform the user who retrieves a held call that has been placed on hold by the other party. If a MET becomes idle with a call on Hold, an indication is provided to that MET that the call remains on Hold.

WO 97/10362 PC'T/US96/19120 Conference Calling (CONF) is a service that provides the served MET user the capability to establish simultaneous communications with more than two and up to five parties: Since MET voice traffic is presented to the GWS in a packetized, compressed encoding, it is not required that the GWS provide the capability to conference more than one MET. Thus, GWS
provides the capability for conferencing among a single MET and up to five PSTN/PN parties.
CONE is provisioned on a subscription basis collectively to each MET in the VN and/or individually to METs within the VN. CONF is withdrawn on request by the subscribing authority or by MSS for administrative reasons. CONF is active on subscription.
CONF is invoked by the served MET user by use of a control procedure. The served user has the capability to request the conference as a new call or request that the conference be based on existing held calls. The served user has the capability to include the maximum number of conferees in the conference request or to accept a pre-defined default. Upon completion of the conference request, a conference is established among the served MET and the other parties.
After the initial conference establishment, the served user (the conference controller) has access to the following party management functions:
a. Add new party -- the conference controller has the capability to add a held call or establish a new call which may be added to the conference.
b. Drop party -- the conference controller has the capability to remove conferees from the conference.
If the conferee is not explicitly identified, the last party added is removed. If, after the party is dropped, a single conferee remains, the GWS may establish a two-party call.

c. Split party -- the conference controller has the capability to remove a specified party from the conference and establish an active (two-party) call with the specified party. From the perspective of the conference controller, the conference is on Hold. The conference controller has the capability to resume the conference after a split (i.e., return both parties to the conference).
A mechanism for supplying Conferee IDs for conference management features above (e.g., dropping a specific conferee) is provided. The conference controller has the capability to disconnect the conference. All conferees and the conference controller are dropped and the conference resource (bridge) is released.
Alternate Account Charging (AAC) allows a MET user to charge a call to an account other than the usual or default account. Alternate account charging provides the MET user the capability to supply an Alternate Account Number during call setup request. GWS records the Alternate Account number in the CDR. GWS is not required to verify or otherwise validate the Alternate Account Number.
AAC is provisioned on a subscription basis collectively to each MET in the VN and/or individually to METs within the VN. AAC is withdrawn on request by the subscribing authority or by MSS for administrative reasons. AAC is activated upon subscription. AAC is optionally invoked by the MET user at call setup request. The invocation includes the Alternate Account Number.
Call Queueing and Priority (CQP) are intended to lie applied to MET-originated calls in the event of MSS
network congestion. Note that the management of satellite resources is a function of the MSS Network WO 97/10362 PG"T/US96I19120 Control Center (NCC) and not a function of the GWS.
However, upon notification of satellite resource congestion by the NCC (via the SLSS), the GWS queues calls affected by that congestion. Similarly, upon notification by the NCC that congestion no longer exists, the GWS attempts to service queued calls as detailed below.
Priority and queueing are not intended to be applied in the event of a buy MET. Call Priority and Queuing may also occur as a result of congestion for PSTN/PN access. Congestion of MSS satellite signalling channels occurs as well as traffic channel congestion.
Signaling access queueing occurs external to the GWS.
GWS supports traffic access queueing for MET-originated calls when traffic congestion is indicated by MSS. Determination of satellite congestion conditions is not a function of the GWS. GWS supports traffic access queueing for MET-originated calls when PSTN/PN access congestion exists. Traffic access priority is assignable to a VN and to individual METs.
Call setup requests are queued under congestion conditions and are processed first-.in, first-out within individual priorities.
CQP is provisioned on a subscription basis collectively to each MET in the VN and/or individually to METs within the VN. CQP is withdrawn on request by the subscribing authority or by MSS for administrative reasons. Specification of priority accompanies subscription. CPQ is active on subscription. If CQP
is not subscribed to, calls receive a congestion indication but will not be queued.
CQP is invoked automatically by GWS upon indication of satellite congestion by the SLSS or detection of PSTN/PN access congestion by GWS. If CPQ is invoked, GWS provides the calling MET indication of congestion and queueing. When congestion is relived, GWS serves queued calls according to priority as follows:
a. Originating a call to the MET that originated the queued call.
b. If this call is successful, GWS shall execute call setup procedures for the queued call.
Virtual Network Manager Virtual Network Manager controls user access to a designated virtual network and its service features, provides communication circuits among member users on a call-by-call or full period basis, and manages a customer virtual network. The Virtual Network database entries for a given network shall specify the type of services, network features and call routing options that are available for use by member METs and FESs.
Virtual Network Managers interact only with member METs an FESs.
The Virtual Network Management function interfaces with the Group Resource Management function and the Network Access processing function to carry out its responsibilities to receive call requests and issue satellite circuit assignments, to request, receive and return satellite circuits from/to the CG circuit pool, to return preempted circuits, and to transmit call records following each call cleardown.
To provide service connections for customers, Virtual Network Management provides functions for connection period control, call processing, call routing, circuit configuration, address screening, emergency preemption, and resource utilization auditing. The Virtual Network Manager maintains a record of which GC managed features are active.
Features which are activated by subscription are active and perform the actions specified below for each active feature.

The GC supports VN configurations for virtual network service consisting of a set of METs, each with a MET Database File, and a set of virtual network communication groups, each assigned a VN ID with a VN
ID Database File. The GC performs VN Management for each call request. Each GC supports multiple customer virtual network configurations in accordance with the virtual network definition.
As each MET or FES originated access request is received, the GC identifies which Virtual Network is being accessed, according to the procedures specified below, and utilizes the associated Virtual Network database and the Customer Configuration database to process and service the request. Virtual Network management is performed for each call request in accordance with the call processing specifications.
The GC supports the provision of advanced service features to MET. When Call Forwarding or Call Waiting has been activated the following Virtual Network call processing requirements for basic service shall be superseded at the appropriate points in the protocols.
The following describes the Virtual Network process requirements in the context of FIG. 24 which is a more detailed illustration of the NCC terminal equipment.
MET originated access requests received by the Network Access Processor are routed to the GC to which the receiving MET-SR signaling channel has been assigned by the NCC Controller. The GC takes the following actions based on the GC operational state.
GC Operational State MET Request Disposition Inactive/Initialized Discard all requests Active - Normal Process all requests WO 97!10362 PCT/US96/19120 GC Operational State MET Request Disposition Active - Unloading Block new "Access Requests"

with "Call Failure" -Services not available Discard all other requests Active - Unloaded Block new "Access Requests"

with "Call Failure" -Service not available Discard all other requests In the Active - Normal state the GC examines the "Access Request" message to determine whether a Virtual Network identifier has been transmitted by the MET
along with the dial digits. If a Virtual Network identifier has not been included in the request, the GC
determines the METs default Virtual Network from the Customer Configuration database. If a particular Virtual Network has been requested, the GC utilizes the customer Configuration database to convert the logical Virtual Network identifier of the message to the internal Virtual network identifier. The GC then takes the following actions based o the Virtual Network operational state.
Virtual Network MET Request Disposition Operational State Inactive/Initialized Discard all requests Active - Normal Process all requests Active - Unloading Block new "Access Requests"

with "Call Failure" -Service not available Discard all other requests Virtual Network MET Request Disposition Operational State Active - Unloaded Block new "Access Requests"

with "Call Failure" -Service not available Discard all other requests FES originated channel requests received by the Network Access Processor are routed to the NCC
Controller, based on the message destination address.
FESs will address channel requests to the NCC
Controller so the MET Control Group membership can be determined. The NCC Controller accesses the Customer Configuration database, using the MET telephone number dial digits included in the FES "Channel Request"
message, and determines the identity of the GC to which the MET belongs. The NCC Controller then forwards the message to the identified GC. The GC shall take the actions as specified above based on the GC operational state.
In the Active - Normal state the GC accesses the Customer Configuration database, using the MET
telephone number dial digits included in the FES
"Channel Requests" message, and determines the identity of the Virtual Network which is being accessed. The GC
then takes the actions specified above based on the Virtual Network operational state.
Whenever the NCC Controller determines that the GC
cannot be successfully identified in the databases using received access signaling data, the access request is denied. Whenever the GC determines that a called or calling MET is registered but the Virtual Network cannot be successfully identified in the databases using received access signaling data, the access request is denied. When calls are so denied, a "Call Failure" message with the cause set to "Service not Subscribed" is sent to the requesting MET or FES, and the call data record is terminated with the cause indicated.
Upon successful identification of the Virtual Network serving the access request, the GC processes calls, using the associated Virtual Network database, in accordance with the Virtual Network management requirements specified in the following sections.
l0 Whenever~a call record for an access request is terminated for any reason, the appropriate Virtual Network performance statistic is updated.
Access request processing consists of call screening actions using the Customer Configuration and Virtual Network databases, and the MET Status Table, to determine whether the requested service is a valid subscribed service for the MET and the Virtual Network, and whether the MET status is in a call state compatible with the access request. In performances of MTS access request processing, the GC processes dial digits for PSTN users in accordance wit the PSTN
numbering plan. In performance of,MRS access request processing the GC accommodates independent numbering plans, using fewer dial digits than the PSTN plans, which will be utilized by each private Virtual Network.
Upon each MET or FES access request, the GC
evaluates the security authentication history for the associated MET. If a configurable number of authentication failures have occurred within a configurable time period from the time of access, the call is denied.
MET to Terrestrial Network Connection Requests In processing MET originated call requests, the GC
receives MET "Access Request" and "Additional Digits"
messages, and shall transmit "Additional Digits Request" and/or "Call Failure messages when required.
Upon receiving a MET "Access Request" the GC accesses the MET Status Table using the RTIN to verify the calling MET is in the "Operational" state and whether the MET is currently engaged in a call. The identity of the MET-SR channel receiving the request is used by the GC to verify whether the MET is currently logged on to correct L-Band beam as indicated in the MET Status Table.
Log-on errors result in a PVT for the MET with the event and results sent to the NOC and noted as anomalous events. When the PVT is successful the MET
is logged on to the associated beam. If the MET is not in the "Operational" state the GC terminates the call record and sends a call failure message to the MET with the reason set to "Services not Available". If the MET
is operational, the GC accesses the MET Status Table to evaluate the current MET call state.
If the MET call state indicates the GC is currently awaiting circuits or a MET call announcement response, for a prior FES channel request, the GC shall abandon the prior FES request in favor of the new MET access request, terminate the call record with the reason set to "Glare" and send a call failure to the FES with the cause set to "MET Busy". The GC shall proceed to process the MET "Access Request" as further described in this subsection.
If the MET state indicates the MET is engaged in a call-in-process, the reason is declared as an anomalous condition, the MET is sent a call failure message with "Network Busy" as the cause and the current call record is terminated with "Calling MET Busy - Anomaly" as the reason. The GC then immediately initiates a call auditing action to resolve the anomalous condition existing for the prior call. This action will clear the MET status and network resources so that subsequent service requests by the MET will be accommodated.
When a requesting MET is operational, and in the "MET Idle" call state, the GC collects additional dial digits as necessary, access the Control Group Customer Configuration data base and determine, based on the destination dial digits, whether the called destination is a MET user. If the destination is not identified in the Customer Configuration database as a MET user the l0 GC declares the destination to be a terrestrial user.
The GC accesses the operative Virtual Network Configuration database and performs the following Virtual Network service permission and address screening checks:
a. The type of service requested (voice/2.4kbps data/4.8kbps data/fax/alternate voice-data) is supported by the Virtual Network.
b. If the Virtual Network is configured with an explicit set of terrestrial user member telephone numbers, and the destination telephone number is included in the member list, then the call is permitted.
c. Outgoing calls permitted.
d. MET to terrestrial network calls permitted.
e. International calls permitted.
f. Calls to the specific destination NPA are permitted.
If the Virtual Network address screening and service permission checks pass, the GC accesses the Customer Configuration database using the RTIN and the destination dial digits, and perform the following MET
address screening and service permission checks:
a. The type of service requested (voice/2.4kbps data/4.~8kbpsdata/fax/alternate voice-data) is authorized for the MET.

b. Outgoing calls permitted.
c. MET to terrestrial network calls permitted.
d. International calls permitted.
e. Calls to the specific destination NPA are permitted.
f. If the MET is part of a VN group, the destination telephone number is a VN group member.
If all MET and Virtual Network address screening and service permission routing checks are successful, the GC updates the call record with the appropriate data and perform the call routing process. If a MET or Virtual Network address screening check or service permission check is unsuccessful, the GC terminates the call record upon finding the first check failure, and sends the MET a call failure message with the cause indicated as "Service not Subscribed". The call record encodes the specific failed check resulting in termination.
Terrestrial Network to MET Connection Requests In processing terrestrial network originated call requests, the GC receives FES "Channel Request"
messages, and transmits "Call Failure" messages.
Terrestrial network access requests are preprocessed by the NOC Controller to identify the GC serving the called MET. Upon receiving a FES "Channel Request,"
the GC first evaluates the channel request message to determine whether this request is for the FES-to-destination MET connection of a MET to MET call.
If the request is not for a MET to MET connection, the GC accesses the MET Status Table, using access data provided by the NCC Controller, to verify the called MET is in the "Operational" state and whether the MET
is currently engaged in a call-in-progress. If the MET
is not in the "Operational" state, the GC terminates the call record and sends a call failure message to the FES with the reason set to "Service not Available". If the MET is operational and the MET call state is any state other than idle, the GC terminates the call record and sends a call failure message to the FES with the cause set to "MET Destination Busy"
If the MET is operational and not currently engaged in an active call state, the GC accesses the MET Status Table and evaluates the access event history data for, recent unsuccessful call announcements. If there have been a configurable number of unsuccessful call announcements within a configurable time limit, from the current time, the GC sends a call failure message to the FES with the reason set to "MET Destination Not Available". The call record is terminated with "Excess MET Pages" as the reason.
When the called MET is operational, not engaged in an active call state, and an acceptable number of unsuccessful call announcements have been placed to the MET, the GC accesses the operative Virtual Network Configuration database and perform Virtual Network address screening and service permission checks:
a. The type of service indicated by the MET
destination port (voice/2.4kbps data/4.8kbps data/fax/alternate voice-data) is permitted.
b. Incoming calls permitted.
c. Terrestrial network to MET calls permitted.
d. International calls are permitted (if the calling number is provided - otherwise connection is permitted by default).
e. The calling NPA is permitted (if NPA restrictions apply and the calling number is provided -otherwise connection is permitted by default).
f. If the MET is part of a closed user group (CUG), and the~origination telephone number is both provided and recognized as a CUG member, then the call is permitted. If the calling number is not provided the connection is permitted by default.
If all MET and Virtual Network address screening and service permission routing checks are successful, the GC updates the call record with the appropriate data and perform the call routing process. If an MET or Virtual Network address screening and service permission routing check is unsuccessful, the GC
terminates the call record upon finding the first check failure, and sends the FES a call failure message with the cause indicated as "Service not Subscribed". The call record encodes the specific failed check resulting in termination.
MET to MET Connection Requests for Originating MET
If the destination is identified by the dial digits as a MET user, the GC accesses the Customer Configuration database and determines if the destination MET is subscribed with membership in the Virtual Network being accessed by the origination MET.
If the origination and destination METs are members of the Virtual Network being accessed by the origination MET, the GC performs Virtual Network service permission and address screening checks for the destination MET
using its Virtual Network Configuration databases.
After identifying the proper Virtual Network databases) the GC accesses the MET Status Table and verify the destination MET is operational and not engaged in an active call state. If the destination MET is not operational the GC terminates the call record indicating "Destination MET not Available". If the destination MET is in any call state other than idle, the GC terminates the call record indicating "Destination MET Busy", and the originating MET a call WO 97!20362 PCT/US96/19120 failure message with the cause indicated as "Destination MET Busy".
If the destination MET is operational and idle; the GC sets a MET to MET call pending flag in the destination MET status entry of the MET Status Table, accesses the MET Virtual Network Configuration databases) and performs the following Virtual Network address screening and service permission checks:
a. The type of service requested (voice/2.4kbps data/4.Skbps data/fax/alternate voice-data) is supported by the origination and destination Virtual Networks.
b. MET to MET calls permitted.
c. Incoming calls permitted for the destination Virtual Network d. Outgoing calls permitted for the originating Virtual Network.
e. Calls to any Virtual Network permitted by the origination Virtual Network.
f. Calls to selected Virtual Networks permitted and the destination Virtual Network is in the permitted set.
If the Virtual Network service permission and address screening checks pass, the GC accesses the Customer Configuration database using the FTIN of the origination and destination METs and performs the following MET address screening and service permission checks for the originating MET:
a. The type of service requested (voice/2.4kbps data/4.8kbps data/fax/alternate voice-data) is authorized for the MET.
b. Outgoing calls permitted.
c. MET to MET calls permitted.
d. Calls to any Virtual Network permitted.

e. Calls to selected Virtual Networks permitted and the destination Virtual Network is in the permitted set.
If the originating MET address screening and service permission checks pass, the GC performs the following MET address screening and service permission checks for the destination MET:
a. The type of service requested (voice/2.4kbps data/4.8kbps data/fax/alternate voice-data) is authorized for the MET.
b. Incoming calls permitted.
c. MET to MET calls permitted.
If all MET and Virtual Network address screening and service permission routing checks are successful, the GC updates the call record with the appropriate data and performs the call routing process. If an MET or Virtual Network address screening check or service permission check is unsuccessful, the GC terminates the call record upon finding the first check failure, and sends the MET a call failure message with the cause indicated as "Service not Subscribed". The call record encodes the specific failed check resulting in termination.
MET to MET Connection Requests for Destination MET
Upon receiving a FES "Channel Request" that indicates a FES-to-destination MET connection is being requested for a MET to MET call, the GC generates a separate call record for the Destination MET using the "Call Identifier" previously assigned during the originating MET call setup and provided in the request message. The call record includes MET ID data needed to complete the connection to the destination MET. The GC proceeds to route the call.

Call Routing When a GC successfully completes MET and Virtual Network address screening and service permission checks for access requests, the GC attempts to route the call using the routing rules and the Virtual Network Routing database. The routing process selects:
a. The FES Terminal Equipment that will support a MET to terrestrial network call, or b. The FES Terminal Equipment and destination MET
port that will support a MET to MET call, or c. The MET port that will support a terrestrial network to MET call.
The GC reports both MTS and MRS routing configurations.
The GC accommodates, in any proportion, different routing rules for each member of a set of individual Virtual Networks and accommodates common routing rules for selected sets of one or more Virtual Networks.
MET to Terrestrial Connection Routing To route a MET call to the terrestrial network, the GC accesses the Virtual Network Routing database and selects the FES Terminal Equipment based upon the destination dial digits. Each MTS Virtual Network Routing database is configured such that a variable number of the first n dial digits are processed to select the FES Gateway. The first n dial digits are comprised of the following:
a. Domestic call or destination country code for international calls - [xJ digits.
b. The destination NPA - 3 digits.
c. The local exchange within the NPA - 3 digits.
For MTS it is possible to associate each set of 'n' dial digits with an ordered set of FES Gateway entries.
The FESs is arranged in the order of preference for routing. The number of FES Gateway entries ranges from 1 to 7.

Each MRS Virtual Network Routing database is configured such that a specific range of- numbers in the associated private numbering plan are processed to select a FRS Base Station. The dial digit ranges differentiate which FES base station is to be used.
Each MRS dial digit number range is associated to an ordered set of FES base station entries. The FESs is arranged in the order of preference for routing. The number of numbering plan ranges are from 1 to 16 and the number of FES Base Station entries range from 1 to 3.
Once the GC has identified the routing FES entry set, it accesses the FES Status Table and FES Resource Pool for the most preferred FES. It then determines that FES's network availability and the availability of its communication and terrestrial interface resources to support the call. If the preferred FES is available to the network, the GC allocates communication and terrestrial interface resources from the pool for the call being routed. FES resources are allocated based on the specific service type requested by the MET.
If the preferred FES is unavailable or the communication or terrestrial interface resources are insufficient to support the call, the GC accesses the Customer Configuration and virtual Network Configuration databases to determine whether both the MET and Virtual Network are authorized for alternate FES routing or fixed FES routing. If fixed FES routing is required, the GC terminates the call record indicating "FES not Available" and sends the MET a call failure message with the cause set to "Network Busy".
If the preferred FES is unavailable or communication or terrestrial interface resources are sufficient to support the,call, and alternate FES
routing is authorized for both the MET and the Virtual Network, the GC sequentially repeats the procedure WO 97120362 PC'T/US96/19120 above for each FES in the set, in descending order of routing preference, until an available FES is identified with sufficient resources to support the call.
When an available FES with sufficient communication and terrestrial interface resources is identified, either under alternate routing or fixed routing procedures, the GC proceeds to allocate satellite circuits to the call. The call record is updated to show the FES selected and whether the alternate or fixed process was used. If alternate FES routing is authorized but an available FES with sufficient communication and terrestrial interface resources cannot be identified within the routing set, the GC
terminates the call record indicating "FES not Available or Insufficient FES Resources", as appropriate, and sends the MET a call failure message with the cause set to "Network Busy"
In the event the Virtual Network Routing Table does not include any routing entries for the 'n' dial digits.
included in the request message, the GC terminates the call record indicating "Routing not Provided" and sends the MET a call failure message with the cause set to "Service not Subscribed".
Terrestrial to MET Connection Routing To route a terrestrial network to MET call, the GC
accesses the Customer Configuration database and identifies the MET port that is associated with the MET's destination telephone number received in the channel access request message. The GC updates the FES
Communication and Terrestrial Interface Status tables to reflect the resource allocation made by the calling FES prior to signaling the channel request for this call. The GC proceeds to allocate satellite circuits WO 97!10362 PC'f/US96/19120 to the call and updates the call record to show the destination MET port ID selected.
MET to MET Connection Routing for Originating MET
To route a MET call to another MET, the GC accesses the Virtual Network Routing database and selects an FES
Terminal Equipment from an ordered set of FESs that have been designated to service MET to MET calls.
Alternate routing is assumed automatically when more than 1 FES is included in the ordered set: The FESs are arranged in the order of preference for routing.
The number of FES entries ranges from 1 to 7.
Once the GC has identified the routing FES entry set, it accesses the FES Status Table for the most preferred FES, and determines the FES's network availability and the availability of its communication and terrestrial interface resources to support the call. If the preferred FES is available to the network, the GC allocates MET to MET communication resources from the pool for the call being routed. FES
resources are allocatable based on the specific service type requested by the MET.
If the preferred FES is unavailable or communication resources are insufficient to support the call, the GC sequentially repeats the procedure above for each FES in the set, in descending order of routing preference, until an available FES is identified with sufficient resources to support the call. When an available FES with sufficient communication resources is identified, the GC proceeds to allocate satellite circuits for the originating MET connection. The call record is updated to show the FES selected. Subsequent FES processing generates a channel request for the FES-to-destination MET connection.
If an available FES with sufficient communication resources cannot be identified within the routing set, the GC terminates the call record indicating "FES not Available or Insufficient FES Resources", as appropriate, and sends the MET a call failure message with the cause set to "Network Busy".
MET to MET Connection Routing for Destination MET
To route the FES-to-destination MET connection for a MET to MET call, the GC proceeds to allocate circuits for the destination MT connection as specified in the MET to MET Connection Routing for Originating MET
Section.
Satellite Trunk Circuit Management Only when all MET and Virtual Network service permission and connectivity checks for an access request have passed and network routing facilities have been determined available and reserved, the GC selects the required forward and return link trunk circuit frequencies and the FES forward link power level to service the call.
Each GC manages satellite trunk circuit resources using circuit pools. Channel center frequencies are identified in accordance with the separate L-Band and Ku-Band conventions.
Circuit Allocation The GC accesses the Customer Configuration database to determine the required circuit configuration for the MET port which is being accessed by the call. The database indicates the bandwidth required for the forward and return links, the minimum MET frequency tuning increment, and the FES forward link power level , authorization. For MET to MET connections, the GC
identifies forward and return link circuit configurations for both the originating MET and destination MET and the following circuit and power allocation processing are performed for both METs.
The GC accesses the origination Virtual Network Configuration database to determine the connectivity period class authorized: demand period - free pool, demand period - reserved pool, or full period. The GC
accesses the MET Status Table to identify the L-Band beam to which the MET is currently logged on. The GC
then attempts to allocate the required circuit from the proper frequency pool, based on connectivity class and L-Band beam requirement.
The GC searches the pool to identify unused frequencies containing continuous spectrum sufficient to provide the MET channel bandwidth requirement. The GC determines each resulting channel center frequency for inclusion in subsequent "Channel Assignment"
messages. If the required circuits are available, the authorized forward link power level is retrieved from the Customer Configuration database for the associated MET port and the FES nominal EIRP retrieves form the FES Configuration Table.
Satellite Trunked Circuit Queuing When queuing is enabled for MET originated calls, and the requested circuit pool bandwidth or power resources are not immediately available, the GC
accesses the Customer Configuration database to identify the MET priority associated with the Virtual network being accessed. The circuit request is then entered into the tail of the queuing system which is structured with separate queuing sets for each L-Band beam being served by the GC. The individual queues within each L-band beam queue set is allocated to each MET priority level.

WO 97!20362 PCT/US96/19120 Call Setup Processing When all MET and Virtual Network service permission and connectivity checks for an access request have passed, network routing facilities have been determined available and satellite trunk circuits have been secured from the pool, the GC proceeds to the call setup procedure.
Off-Line NCC Virtual Network Updating Each GC updates its counterpart GC in the Off-line NCC upon each transition of a MET call into the "MET
Busy - Call in Progress" state or the MET Operational and Idle" state. Other state transitions are not reported to the Off-line NCCTE GC. Each Virtual Network update includes all call record, MET Status Table, Circuit Pool Status Table, FES Communication and Terrestrial Interface Pool data sets for the call being updated. The Off-line counterpart GC utilizes update reports to modify its associated tables and call records to reflect concurrency with the On-line GC.
Upon NOC command to assume the On-line NCC role, the GC
commences Virtual network management using the call and resource states at the time of switchover.
The many features and advantages of the invention are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of the invention which fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and variations will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.

DICTIONARY ITEMS AND DEFINITIONS
Actual GSI
Definition: Current GSI based on TDM changes during MET
operation. This field is populated by the NOC based on actions on the CGS. The CMIS
cannot create or update this field.
Call Barring Inbound/Outbound Flag Definition: Describes the call barring entry as applying to incoming or outgoing calls. If the Call Barring List is flagged as Inbound, it applies to calls the MET is receiving. If the Call Barring List is flagged as Outbound, it applies to calls the MET is making.
Call Barring Include/Exclude Flag Definition: Describes the call barring entry as an included (legal) call or an excluded (illegal) call. When a Call Barring List is flagged as Include, the MET may only make calls to the numbers or NPAs on the list. Any other call would be denied.
Conversely, if a Call Barring List is flagged as Exclude, the MET may make calls to any number or NPA except those on the list.
Call Barring List Value Definition: Numbering plan area or phone number in the call barring list. The values that appear in the list are the phone numbers or NPAs that the MET's restriction apply to. The types of restrictions are dictated by the flags for Include/Exclude and Inbound/Outbound Call Barring.

Call Trap Flag Definition: Indicates call trapping has been initiated for the MET. The GC will trap MET states as they change during MET CGS activity.
This information will be provided to the CMIS on a call record.
Call Type Definition: Service available on the MET. There are four service types: voice data (2400 or l0 4800 baud), fax, and alternate voice data (avd). For each service the mobile is registered, a service record is created with a single call type indicated. This call type in turn has a unique mobile identification number (min) associated with it.
Carrier Definition: Name of preferred IXC carrier. This field is a switch field used to support equal access to long distance carriers.
Cellular ESN
Definition: 32 bit ESN that is used by the switch. For dual mode cellular/satellite phones it is the ESN for the cellular portion of the phone and would match the ESN used by the home cellular carrier to identify that mobile terminal.
CGS Time Stamp Definition: Time stamp was created/modified. Part of the notification of success or failure of CGS action. Not created or updated by CMIS.
Channel Spacing Definition: Multiple of frequency step size. This ~ element is a characteristic of the MET
Class. CMIS will only have the MET Class W~U 97/20362 PCT/US96/19120 ID that a particular METs equipment maps to. NE originates this and other data that describes the MET Class and sends it to the NOC.
Check String Definition: Constant used by the GC to validate the encryption/decryption algorithm. This element is related to the ASK.
Coa~anded GSI
Definition: Set by CMIS this is the original GSI stored as a NVR.AM (non-volatile RAM) parameter by the MET. Required for each new MET
registered for service. This element is used by the MET to tune to a GC-S channel during commissioning on the CGS. Without the GSI the MET is incapable of logging on to the CGS.
Configuration File Definition: A file containing the contents of a working configuration that has been saved to disk under a unique name.
Current Configuration Definition: The set of resources that exist in the configuration most recently sent to or received from the NOC. This is assumed to be the actual configuration of the traffic bearing network at any given time.
Commit a Resource Definition: Explicit engineer action to add a fully provisioned interim resource to the working configuration.
Control Group ID
Definition: The CGS is divided into Control Groups that contain circuit pools, signaling channels, bulletin boards, METs, and VNs. A MET may only belong to one Control Group. The control Group assignment is based on the virtual network membership. All VNs a MET
is a member of must be in the same control group.
Cust Group Definition: Identifier for a specialized routing information used at the switch (e. g., 1024 available cust groups per MSR). Dialing l0 plans will be implemented for groups of customers through a Customer Group (Cust ' Group ) .
Data Hub Id Definition: Used to route messages during PSTN to IVDM
call setup to the proper data hub. This is only applicable for METs that are participating in the Mobile Packet Data Service.
Date Last Tested Definition: Time stamp of most recent commissioning test. This field is populated by the NOC
and cannot be created or updated by CMIS.
Default VN
Definition: VN selected if user does not specify VN
during dialing. For METs that belong to only one VN, this can be populated with the VN ID the MET is assigned to by default.
EIRP
Definition: Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power - power level required for a MET to receive a satellite signal. This element is a characteristic of the MET Class. CMIS will only have the MET Class ID that a particular METs equipment maps to. NE/SE
originates this and other data that describes the MET Class and sends it to the NOC.
Event Argument Id Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has no part in creating or updating events-they arrive unsolicited from the NOC.
Event Argument Type Definition: Part of the event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has no part in creating or updating events-they arrive unsolicited from the NOC.
Event Argument Value Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has no part in creating or updating events-they arrive unsolicited from the NOC.
Event Argument VMS Type Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has no part in creating or updating events-they arrive unsolicited from the NOC.
Event Code Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has no part in creating or updating events-they arrive unsolicited from the NOC.
Event Severity Definition: Network impact assessment of the trouble event.
Event Time Definition: Time the event occurred within the network.
Event Type Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has no part in creating or WO 97!20361 PCT/US96/19120 updating events-they arrive unsolicited from the NOC.
External Date Time Stamp Definition: CMIS generated time stamp used for CMIS
audit purposes in exchanging messages with the CGS.
External Transaction Id Definition: CMIS generated transaction id used for CMIS
audit purposes in exchanging messages with the CGS.
Feature Set Definition: Identifies MET features within a specific VN. Fixed features are set up during order processing and require no action by the MET
user to invoke a feature. MET activated features must also beset up during order processing but will only be available through some action on the part of the MET
use during call process.
FIXED FEATURES include:
* Calling Line Id Presentation (CLIP) display the calling party's number to a MET.
* Calling Line Id Restriction (CLIR) prohibition from displaying the METs number when it is calling another party.
* Connected Line Id Presentation (COLP) -display the number the calling MET is connected to.
* Connected Line Id Restriction (COLR) -prohibit display of the connected MET's number to the calling party.
* Sub-addressing (SA) - allows one or more attachments to the MET to be addressed. This is being accomplished through unique phone numbers for service types requiring different equipment.

* Call Waiting (CW) - notification to a MET

engaged in the call that another call is waiting.

MET may accept the other call or ignore it.

* Call Barring (CB) - restricts the MET user's from making or receiving one or more types of calls.

* Operator intervention (OI) - allows an operator to break into a call in progress for the MET.

~ * Operator Assistance (OA) - allows the MET to access an MSAT operator to receive assistance * Call Priority (CP) - used in conjunction with the system's call queuing function (trunk access priority) presence of this feature gives a MET access to channels at times of congestion ahead of MET's with lower priority. Priority applies only to MET initiated calls.

MET ACTIVATED (dynamic) FEATURES include:

* Call Transfer (CT) - allows sa MET user to transfer an established call to a third party.

* Call Forwarding Unconditional (CFU) -permits a MET to have all calls forwarded to another MET or PSTN number.

* Call Forwarding Busy (CFB) - permits a MET

to have all incoming calls attempted when the MET

is busy to another MET or PSTN number.

* Call Forward Congestion (CFC)- permits the MET to have all incoming calls attempted when the signaling channels are congested answered with a recorded announcement intercept.

* Call Forward No Reply (CFN) - permits a MET

to have all incoming calls attempted when the MET

is not answering to another MET or PSTN number.

This applies if the MET is blocked, turned off or not answering.

WO 97l1036Z PGTNS96/19120 * Call Holding (CH) - allows a MET to interrupt call communication on an existing connection and then re-establish communications.

* Alternate Voice' Data Operation (AVD) -allows a MET user to toggle between voice and data mode during a call. Requires that the call be initiated in voice mode. Only the MET user may toggle between voice and data. This requires a special service type in addition to the activation l0 at set-up of the feature.

* Conference calling (CC) - allows a MET to communicate with multiple-parties including METs and PSTN concurrently.

* Three Party Service (3PS) - allows a MET to who is active on a call to hold that call, make an additional call to a third party, switch from one call to the other (privacy being provided between the calls) and/or release one call and return to the other.

* Malicious Call Trace (MCT) - enables an MSAT

operator to retrieve the complete call record at a MET's request for any terminated call in real-time.

The operator can then identify the calling party to the MET and take appropriate action.

* Voice Mail (VM) - allows call forwarding to a voice mail box and retrieved of messages by the MET.
* Alternate Accounts Charging (ACC) - allows the MET user to enter in an account code to charge the call to after entering the dialed digits Fully Provision Definition: Supply values to all attributes of a resource Frequency Step Size Definition: Minimum tuning increment acquired for a MET
to tune in an assigned channel. CMIS will only have the MET Class ID that a particular MET's equipment maps to. NE
originates this and other data that describes the MET Class and sends it to the NOC.
From MET Call Barring Flags Definition: Describe actions available to a user originating a call from a MET. These call Barring flags relate to specific types of calls at an aggregate level to indicate if the MET can make or receive a call of a particular type. When this list indicates that an Inclusion or Exclusion to particular numbers or area codes is allowed, the values for those restrictions are indicated on a Call Barring List.
FTIN
Definition: Forward Terminal Identification Number -Downloaded to MET from.NOC during commissioning. Used for MET to GC
signaling.
Internal Data Time Stamp Definition: NOC generated time stamp used for NOC audit purposes.
Internal Transaction Id Definition: NOC generated transaction is used for NOC
audit purposes.
Interim resource Definition: The resource currently being modified by the engineer. Changes made to an interim resource are not added to the working configuration until the resource is committed to the working configuration L Hand Ream Definition: Current beam MET is logged into.
Determined by the GC during commissioning.
CMIS has no role in creating or updating this field.
LCC
Definition: Line Class Code - type of phone, required by the switch.
MCC Class Id Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has no part in creating or updating events - they arrive unsolicited from the NOC.
MCC Instance Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has no part in creating or updating events - they arrive unsolicited from the NOC.
MCC Instance Id Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has no part in creating or updating events - they arrive unsolicited from the NOC.
MCC Instance Type Definition: Part of the Event Record received from the NOC. CMIS has no part in creating or updating events - they arrive unsolicited from the NOC.
Message Status 1 Definition: Used in the message initiated by the NOC to acknowledge success or failure of a previously transmitted CMIS request. Used by the DM.
Message Status 2 Definition: Used in the message initiated by the NOC to acknowledge success or failure of a WO 97!20362 PG'T/US96/19120 previously transmitted CMIS request. Will be used by the DM.
Massage Verb Definition: Action required at the NOC on data passed in a message from CMIS. This field is in the message relaying the results of a CMIS
request.
Modulation Scheme Definition: Non-standard modulation schemes. CMIS will only have the MET Class ID that a particular MET's equipment maps to. NE/SE
originates this and other data that describes the MET Class and sends it to the NOC.
MSA
Definition: Mobile Servicing Area - identifies the last call's servicing area. Atomic data element ' within MSR. Transient data maintained in call processing not on the cellular switch table. Same as MSR.
MSR
Definition: Mobile Servicing Region id (table) contains multiple MSA assignments for the MET. For a roamer, the operator will input the MSR
for temporary assignment. Allows up to 1024 cust groups - At CGS startup there will be 1 MSR.
MET ASK
Definition: Access Key MET must match during call setup/validation.
MET Class ID
Definition: Identifies the operating characteristics of the MET. Associated to MET by CMIS during registration from data supplied by NE/SE.
The technical characteristics the MET Class ID encompasses are not needed by CMIS.

These are stored on a table in the NOC and referenced by having the ID on the MET
Information record. This ID applies to MET
level regardless of how many services, etc.
the MET has tied to it.
MET Coa~anded State Definition: Current CGS status of MET.
MET Fraud Flag Definition: Indicates fraud has been detected on the MET. Updated by GC and CMIS only. This field is set at the MET level regardless of the number of services, etc. the MET has.
MET ID
Definition: CMIS assigned unique MET identifier. This can be a unique random number assigned to each MET registered for service. This is a MET level characteristic set once for the MET regardless of how many services, etc.
the MET has. The MET ID is used by the NOC
to identify METs. It does not have to be used within CMIS as a key field. MET ID
cannot be updated once it has been assigned. A MET that requires a new MET ID
for any reason would have to go through the registration process anew.
MET Signaling Code Definition: Dialed digits from MET that identifies VN
selection. Signaling codes would be assigned when a MET has multiple Virtual Network memberships. After the MET user enters the destination phone number, the pound key is hit and then the signaling code is entered if the caller wants to associated the outbound call with a particular virtual network. When no WO 97!10362 PCT/US96/19120 signaling code is entered, implies default VN be associated with the call.
Pending NVRAM Init Flag Definition: Instructs the GC to download/initialize parameters for a MET.
Pending PVT Flag Definition: This flag indicates that a PVT is required following next MET access. If CMIS
requests a PVT to help diagnose customer troubles, an update would be sent to NOC
with the Flag set to Perform PVT after Next MET access (1).
Picsel Definition: Flag indicating if user has asked for a preferred IXC carrier. Carrier name is contained in CARRIER field.
Record Type Definition: Type of record defined by object. Part of the Update Results Record.
Remote Definition: Remote user - not required by the switch for MSAT Application.
Recent Configuration Event Definition: This is a serial list of events received from the NOC that pertain to configuration database changes.
Referential Integrity Definition: Database "key field" relationships that bind record within the databases, and create dependencies for additions and deletions of table instances.
RF Pin Definition: Remote feature personal identification number. A user is prompted for a pin when attempting to use a remote feature.

Roam Definition: Roam Capable - not required by the switch for MSAT Application.
RTIN
Definition: Reverse Terminal Identification Number which is also the satellite electronic serial number on satellite only and dual mode cellular/satellite METs. This is a unique identifier assigned by manufacturer to for each piece of equipment. Within CGS
processing the RTIN is used by the GC to signal the MET.
Satellite Id Definition: Satellite Id of current L-band beam. The NOC populates this field based on MET
commissioning. CMIS does not ever create or update this field.
SCM
Definition: Station Class Mark.
Secure Disable Flat Definition: Channel Unit security check flag. Setting this flag to bypass security would disable ASK verification during call processing for a MET. CMIS cannot change this flag.
Signaling Priority Definition: Number of MET signaling requests to the GC
during network congestion. Assigned at the MET level - each MET may have only one signaling priority regardless of the number of VN memberships it has. The highest priority level is 0 and the lowest is seven.
TDM Change Enable Flat Definition: Restriction on MET from changing TDM (TDM
is the GSI) Telephone Number Definition: Phone number associated with a call type (voice, data, fax, avd) in a given virtual network.
Template Definition: An initial set of default attribute values for each resource being added.
To MET Call Barring Flags Definition: Describes actions available to a user receiving a call at their MET.
Trunk Access Priority Definition: Satellite trunk queuing priority used during network congestion. Determines access to channels.
Virtual Network Id Definition: Identifies the Virtual Network that the service and feature profiles relate to.
Within a single VN a MET may have one voice, data, fax and/or avd service type.
Features and restrictions for those services are defined on the basis of the METs membership in that VN. If the MET
required an additional instance of a service that it already subscribed to, (e. g. a second voice number), a second virtual network assignment would be required. Features and restrictions for that second membership can be defined with no relation to the existing VN membership, but all elements that relate to the MET
level cannot change without a ripple effect to the other services.
VMS Instance Type Definition: Part of the Event Message Vocoder Id Definition: Vocoder version currently installed in the MET. CMIS will only have the MET Class ID
that a particular METs equipment maps to.
NE/SE originates this and other data that describes the MET Class and sends it to the NOC.
Working Configuration Definition: The set of resources currently being modified by the engineer. This may be an existing, complete configuration which the engineer is modifying, or may be a new, partial (or initially empty) configuration.

GLOSSARY
A Availability AAC Airline Administrative Communications AA.RM Access Authentication Request ABH Average Busy Hour AC Alternating Current ACU Access Channel Unit ACU Antenna Control Unit AD Attribute Dictionary AEDC After Effective Date of Contract AFC Automatic Frequency Control AFS Antenna/Front-end Subsystem AGC Automatic Gain Control AIOD Automatic Number Identification Outward Dialing AMI Alternative Mark Inversion AMPS North American Analog and Digital Cellular Networks AMSC American Mobile Satellite Corporation AMS(R)S Aeronautical Mobile Satellite (Route) Service AMSS(R) Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Services (Reserved) ANI Automatic Number Identification ANSI American National Standards Institute ANT Antenna AOC Aircraft Operational Communications APC Airline Passenger Communications API Applications Program Interface AR Automatic Roaming ARC Atlantic Research Corporation ASK Access Security Key ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One AT Command set for a DTE to communicate with asynchronous host ATC Air Traffic Control AVD Alternate Voice/Data Calls AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise AZ Azimuth B8ZS Bipolar with 8 Zeros Substitution BB Bulletin Board BBS Bulletin Board Service BER Bit Error Rate BERT Bit Error Rate Tester BID Heam Identifier Code BIT Built In Test RITE Built-In Test Equipment BPS Bits Per Second BS Base Station BSPU Baseband Signaling Processing Unit BSS Base Station Switch C/No Carrier to Noise Power Density Ratio CAC Channel Access and Control CAF Call Failure Message CCC S Command, Control, and Communications Subsystem CCIR Consultative Committee International de Radio CCITT Consultative Committee International Telegraph and Telephone CCU Communications Channel Unit CD Call Delivery CDR Call Detail Record CDR Critical Design Review CDRL Contract Data Requirements List CE Common Equipment CG Control Group CGID Control Group Identification Number CGS Communications Ground Segment CHA Channel Assignment Message CHREL Channel Release Message CHREQ Channel Request Message CI Configuration Item CIBER Cellular Intercarrier Billing Exchange Roamer CIC Carrier Identification Code CM Configuration Management CMIP Common Management Information System CMIS Configuration Management Information System CMIS Customer Management Information System COTS Commercial off-the-Shelf CP Circuit Pool CPD Call Processing Demonstration CPS Circuit Pool Segment CPU Central Processing Unit C/PV Commissioning/Performance Verification CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CS Communications System CSC Computer Software Component CSCI Computer Software Configuration Item CSDT Channel Switchover Detection Time CSF Critical System Functionality CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection CSMP Circuit Switch Management Processor CSMPCS Circuit Switch Management Data Processor Equipment Communications System CSPU Channel Signal Processing Unit CSR CAC Statistics Request CSREP Call Status Reply Message CSREQ Call Status Request Message CSU Computer Software Unit CSUG Computer Software Unit Group CTB Customer Test Bed CTN Cellular Telephone Network CTN Cellular Terrestrial Network CTNI Cellular Telephone Network Interface CU Channel Unit CUD Call User Data CUG Closed User Group CUP Channel Unit Pool CUS Channel Unit Subsystem CVR Cellular Visitor Registration CVRACK Cellular Visitor Registration Acknowledge CW Carrier Wave CWCHA Call Waiting Channel Assignment Message DAMA Demand Assignment Multiple Access db Database dbc Decibel Relative to Carrier dB decibels dBi dB Relative to Isotropic dBm dB relative to 1 milli watt dBW decibels relative to 1 watt D bit 'Data Configuration' bit in X.25 DBMS DataBase Management System dBw dB Relative to 1 Watt DC Direct Current DCE Data Circuit Terminating Equipment DCE Data Communications Equipment DCL Digital Command Language DCN Down CoNverter DCR# Document Control Release #.

DCU Data Channel Unit DD Design Document DDCMP Digital Data Communications Message Protocol DDS Direct Digital Synthesis DEC Digital Equipment Corporation DECmcc Digital's Network Management System DEQPSK Differential Encoded Quadrature Phase Shift Keying DET Data Equipment Terminal DFD Data Flow Diagram DH Data Hub DH-D Outbound Time Division Multiplex Channel from Data Hub to Mobile Terminal DHP Data Hub Processor DHSI DH-D Selector Identification Code DID Direct Inward Dialing DlDs Data Item Descriptions DME Dial-Up Modem Emulation DMQ DEC Message Queue DMS Digital Multiplex System DN Directory Number DNS Digital Name Service DOC Canadian Department Of Communications DOD Direct Outward Dialing DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying DQPSK Differentially Encoded Quadrature Phase Shift Keying DSO Digital Service Level Zero (single 64K b/s channel) DS 1 Digital Service Level One (twenty four voice channels) DSP Digital Signal Processing DSSS 1 Digital Subscriber Signaling System 1 DTC Digital Trunk Controller DTE Data Terminal Equipment DTE Data Terminal Element DTMF Dual Tone Multiple Frequency DVSI Digital Voice Systems, Inc.

Eb/No Bit Energy to Noise Power Density Ratio ECN Engineering Change Notice EFD EF Data, Inc.
EFTIN Encrypted Forward Terminal Identification Number E-I Exchange - Interexchange EIA Electronic Industries Association EICD Element Interface Control Document EIE External Interface Equipment EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power E1 Elevation WO 97r10362 PCT/US96/19120 EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference eng engineer or engineering EO End Office EO External Organizations EOD End of Data ESN Electronic Serial Number FAX Facsimile FCA Functional Configuration Audit FCC Federal Communications Commission FCS Fading Channel Simulator FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access FEC Forward Error Correction FES Feederlink Earth Station FES-C Inbound Communication channel from Feederlink Earth Station to Mobile Terminal FES-I Interstation signaling channel from Feederlink Earth Station to Group Controller FES/MT Feederlink Earth Station/Mobile Terminal FES-RE Feederlink Earth Station-Radio Frequency Equipment FES-TE Feederlink Earth Station Terminal Equipment FFT Fast Fourier Transform FIS Feederlink Earth Station Interface Simulator FIT Fault Isolation Tests FIU Fax Interface Unit FMT Fixed Mobile Terminal FMA Field Programmable Gate Array FPMH Failures per Million Hours FRO Frequency Reference Oscillator FT Fault Tolerant FTE Fax Terminal Equipment FTIN Forward Terminal Identification Number G/T Gain to System Noise Ratio WO 97!10362 PCT/US96/19120 GBF Gateway/Base Function GBS Gateway Base System GC Group Controller GC-I Interstation signaling channel from Group Controller to Feederlink Earth Station GC-S Time Division Multiplex Signaling channel from Group Controller to Mobile Terminal GCSST GC-S Search Time GEN Generator GHz Giga (1,000,000,000) Hertz (cycles per second) GMACS Graphical Monitor And Control System GPIB General Purpose Instrument Bus GPS Global Positioning System GS Gateway Station GSI GC-S Selector Identifier GW Gateway GWS Gateway Switch GWS/BSS Gateway Switch/Base Station Switch H/W Hardware HCHREQ Handoff Channel Request HDP Hardware Development Plan HLR Home Location Register HMI Human Machine Interface HOT Hand-off Test HPA High Power Amplifier HRS Hardware Requirements Specification HWCI Hardware Configuration Item HW/SW Hardware/Software Hz Hertz I In Phase channel IAW In Accordance With IC Interexchange Carrier ICD Interface Control Document ICI Instrument Control Interface ICP Intelligent Cellular Peripheral ICU Interstation Channel Unit ICWG Interface Control Working Group/Interface Coordination Working Group ID Identification IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Enginee rs IF Intermediate Frequency IFIS Intermediate Frequency Subsystem IFL Interfacility Link IF IFL Intermediate Frequency Internal Facility Link IHO Interstation Hand-Off IICD Internal Interface Control Document IICWG Internal Interface Control Working Group IM Intermodulation IMHE Improved Multiband Excitation IOC Input/output Controller IP Internet Protocol ISCU Interstation Signaling Channel Unit/Interstation Channel Unit ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network ISL Interstation Signaling Link ISO International Standards Organization IVDCPD Integrated Voice & Data Call Processing Demonstration IVDM Integrated Voice/Data Mobile Terminal KBPS Kilo (1,000) Hits per Second kHz Kilohertz KLNA K-band Low Noise Amplifier KP Key Pulse LAN Local Area Network LAP Link Access Procedure LAPB Link Access Procedure using a balanced mode of operation LATA Local Access and Transport Area LBP Local Blocking Probability LCN Logical Channel Number LLCSC Lower Level Computer Software Component LLNA L-band Lowe Noise Amplifier LLS Lower Level Specification LNA Low Noise Amplifier LOI Level of Integration LPP Link Peripheral Processor LRU Line Replaceable Unit LRU Lowest Replaceable Unit LSSGR Loval Access and Transport Area Switching Systems Generic Requirements MAP Maintenance Administrative Position MAP Mobile Application Part M bit 'More Data' bit in X.25 M&C Monitor and Control MCC Management Control Center MCGID Mobile Data Service Control Group Identification Number MDLP Mobile Data Service Data Link Protocol MDS Mobile Data Service MDSR MDLP Statistics Request MEA Failure Modes and Effects Analysis MEF Minimum Essential Functionality MELCO Mitsubishi Electronic Company MET Mobile Earth Terminal (a.k.a. MT) MET-C Communication Channel Between Mobile Terminal and Feederlink Earth Station MET-DRd Inbound Slotted Aloha Data Channel MET-DRr Inbound Slotted Aloha Reservation Channel MET-DT Inbound Packet Time Division Multiple Access Channel MET-SR Random Access Signaling Channel from Mobile Terminal to Group Controller WO 97!10362 PCT/tTS96/19120 MET-ST Time Division Multiple Access signaling channel from Mobile Terminal to Group Controller MF Multiple Frequency MFID Manufacturer Identification MGSP Mobile Terminal to Group Controller Signaling Protocol MHz Mega Hertz (cycles per second) MIH Management Information Base MIR Management Information Region MIRQ MT Initialization Request MIS Mobile Terminal Interface Simulator MIS Mobile Earth Terminal Interface Simulator ML Message Layer MLCSC Mid Level Computer Software Component MLP Multilink Procedure MMI Man Machine Interface MMRS Mobile Road Service MMSS Maritime Mobile Satellite Services MNMS Mobile Data Service Network Management Subsystem MNP Multi Network Protocol MODEM MODulator/DEModulator MOS Mean Opinion Score MOV Method of Verification MPLP Mobile Data Service Packet Layer Protocol MPR MPR Teltech Inc.

MRI Minimum Request Interval MRS Mobile Radio Service MSAT Mobile Satellite MSC Mobile Switching Center MSS Mobile Satellite Service MSSP Mobile Terminal Specialized Services Protocol ms millisecond MT Mobile Terminal MT-C Communication Channel Between Mobile Terminal and Feederlink Earth Station MT-DRd Inbound Slotted Aloha Data Channel MT-DRr Inbound Slotted Aloha Reservation Channel MT-DT Inbound Packet Time Division Multiple Access Channel MT ASK Mobile Terminal Access Security Key MTBF Mean-Time Between Failures MTBRA Mean-Time Between Restoral Actions MTCRS Mobile Telephone Cellular Roaming Service MT-MET Mobile Terminal to Mobile Terminal MT-MT Mobile Terminal to Mobile Terminal MTP Mobile Data Service Transaction Protocol MT-PSTN Mobile Terminal/Public Switched Telephone Network MTS Mobile Telephone Service MT-SR Random Access Signaling Channel from Mobile Terminal to Group Controller MTSR MTP Statistics Request MT-ST Time Division Multiple Access Signaling Channel from Mobile Terminal to Group Controller MTTR Mean-Time to Repair MTX Mobile Telephone Exchange MULP Mobile Data Service Unacknowledged Link Protocol MUSR MULP Statistics Request NACN North American Cellular Network NADP North American Dialing Plan NANP North American Numbering Plan NAP Network Access Processor NAP-C Network Access Processor for the Communications Channel NAP-CU Network Access Processor-Channel Unit NAP-D Network Access Processor for the Data Channel NAP-N Network Access Processor for the Network Radio Channel WO 97!10362 PGT/US96/19120 NAP-S Network Access Processor for the Signaling Channel NAS Network Access Subsystem NASP National Aerospace Plan NCC Network Communications Controller NCC Network Control Center NCC-RE Network Communications Controller Radio frequency Equipment NCC-TE Network Communications Controller Terminal Equipment NCS Network Control System NE Network Engineering NEBS New Equipment Building System NE/SE Network Engineering/System Engineering NIM Network Module NM Network Module NMP Network Management Process NMS Network Management System NMS/CMIS
Network Management System/Customer Management Information System NOC Network Operations Center NOC-FES Network Operations Center-Feederlink Earth Station NPA Numbering Plan Area NRZ Non-Return to Zero NT Northern Telecom NTL Northern Telecom Limited NTP Northern Telecom Practice NVM Non-Volatile Memory OA&M Operation, Administration, and Maintenance O&M Operations and Maintenance OJJ On the Job Training OM Operational Measurements (from GWS) OS Operating System OSF Open Software Foundation WO 97!20362 PCT/US96119120 OSI Open Systems Interconnection OSR Operational Support Review PA Product Assurance PAC Pre-emption Acknowledge Message PAD Packet Assembler/Disassembler PAP Product Assurance Plan PBX Private Branch Exchange PC Process Control PCM Pulse Code Modulation PC-RFMCP PC Based RFM Control Processor PC-SCP PC Based Systems Control Processor PCSTR Physical Channel Statistics Request PCT Provisioning Criteria Table PCU Pilot Control Unit PCU Pilot Channel Unit PDAMA Priority Demand Assignment Multiple Access PDN Packet Data Network PDR Preliminary Design Review PDU Protocol Data Unit PE Protocol Extension PER Packet Error Rate PERSP Packet Error Rate Sample Period PERT Packet Error Rate Threshold PIP Program Implementation Plan PLP Packet Layer Protocol PLT Pilot PMR Project Management Review PMT Pre-emption Message PN Private Network PN Pseudo Noise PNIC Private Network Identification Code PPM Pulses per Minute PS Processor Subsystem PSDN Private Switched Data Network PSDN Public Switched Data Network WO 97!10362 PGT/US96/19120 PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PTT Push-To-Talk PVC Performance Virtual Circuit PVT Permanent Verification Test/Performance Verification Test Q Quadrature Phased Channel QA Quality Assurance Q bit 'Qualified Data' bit in X.25 QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying RAM Random Access Memory RAM Reliability, Availability, Maintainability RDB Relational DataBase REMS Remote Environmental Monitoring System Req Requirement Rev Revision RF Radio Frequency RFE Radio Frequency Equipment RF IFL Radio Frequency Inter Facility Link RFM Radio Frequency Monitor RFP Request For Proposal RFS Radio Frequency Subsystem RHCP Right Hand Circularly Polarized RMS Remote Monitoring Station RMS Remote Monitor Subsystem RNO Remote NOC Operator ROM Read Only Memory RR Receiver Ready RS Requirements Specification RS-232C Electronics Industry Standard for unbalanced data circuits RSP Radio Standard Procedure RTIN Reverse Terminal Identification Number RTM Requirements Traceability Matrix RTP Reliable Transaction Protocol WO 97!10362 PGT/US96/19120 RTR Reliable Transaction Router RTS ~ Reliable Transaction Service RTS Receiver/Tuner System Rx receive S/W Software SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCCP Signaline Connection Control Part SCPC Single Channel Per Carrier SCR Software Change Request SCS System Common Software SCU Signaling Channel Unit SDD Software Design Description SDID Seller Data Item Description SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control SDP Software Development Plan SDPAP Software Development Product Assurance Plan SDR System Design Review SDRL Seller Data Requirements List SE Systems Engineering SEC Setup Complete Message SEDP Software Engineering Development Plan SEE Software Engineering Environment SEEP Software Engineering Environment Plan SID System Identifier Code SIF System Integration Facility SIT Special Information Tones SLOC Source Lines of Code SLSS Station Logic and Signaling Subsystem SM Site Manager SMAC Station Monitor Alarm and Control Subsystem SMDS Satellite Mobile Data Service SMP Software Management Plan SMRS Satellite Mobile Radio Service SMSC Satellite Mobile Switching Center SMTS Satellite Mobile Telephone Service SNA Systems Network Architecture SNAC Satellite Network Access Controller SNACS Satellite Network Access Controller Subsystem SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SOC Satellite Operation Center SOW Statement of Work SP Start Pulse SPAP Software Product Assurance Plan SPP Satellite Protocol Processor SQL Software Query Language SRR Systems Requirements Review SRS Software Requirements Specification SS7 Signaling System No. 7 SSA Sloppy Slotted Aloha SSTS Satellite Transmission Systems, Inc.

STP Signal Transfer Point STP System Test Program STS System Test Station.

STSI Satellite Transmission Systems, Inc.

SU Signaling Unit SUES Shared-Use Earth Station SVC Switched Virtual Circuit SWP Software Verification and Validation Plan SVVPR Software Verification and Validation Plan Review S/W Software [TI] Top Level Specification T- 1 Digital Transmission link, 1.544 Mega-bits per second TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TCAP Transactions Capabilities Application Part TCF Training Check Frame TD Transmission Demonstration TDM Time Division Multiplex WO 97/20362 PCf/IJS96/19120 TDMA Time Division Multiple Access TDMSI Time Division Multiplex Selector ID

TE Terminal Equipment Telecom Telephonic Communications TDM Time Division Multiplex TDMA TDM Access TID Terminal Identification TIM Timing TIM Technical Interchange Meeting TIN Terminal Identification Number TIS Terrestrial Interface Subsystem TLCSC Top Level Computer Software Component TLS Top Level Specification TMI Telesat Mobile Incorporated TMS Test and Monitor Station TNI Terrestrial Network Interface TPP Test Plan and Procedure TT&C Telemetry, Tracking and Control Tx Transmit UCN Up CoNverter UDS Unacknowledged Data Delivery Service UIS User Interface Subsystem UPC Uplink Power Control UTR Universal Tone Receiver UW Unique Words V&V Verification and Validation VAC Value-Added Carrier VAX Model Identification of a Digital Equipment Corporation system VAX Virtual Address eXtension (proprietary name used by DEC for some of its computer systems) VCN Virtual Circuit Number VF Voice Frequency VLR Visitor Location Register VN Virtual Network VPN Virtual Private Network VUP VAX Unit of Processing V.22bis Modem Standard for 24()0 Baud Service Over Telephone Lines V.25 Procedure for setting up a data connection on the Public Switched Telephone Network V.26, V.28 Electrical specification of interchange circuits at both the Data Terminal l0 Equipment and Data Communications Equipment sides of the interface (similar to RS-232-C) V.32 High Speed Serial Link, Physical Layer Definition V.35 X.25 physical layer interface used to access wideband channels (at data rates up to 64kbit/s) WAN Wide Area Network XCR X.25 Configuration Request XICD External Interface Control Document XICWG External Interface Control Working Group X.3 Specification for facilities provided by the Packet Assembler/Disassembler X.21 X.25 physical layer interface for Data Terminal Equipment and Data Communications Equipment using synchronous transmission facilities X.2lbis X.25 physical layer interface for Data Terminal Equipment designed for interfacing to synchronous V-series modems to access data networks X.25 Specification for interface between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Communications WO 97120362 PC'T/US96/19120 Equipment for terminals operating in packet mode X.28 Specification for interaction between loyal terminal and Packet Assembler/Disassembler X.29 Specification for interaction between Packet Assembler/Disassembler and remote packet mode terminal Field Field Name DeSCriptloO

~ ~
No.

1 ~ RECORD CODE ~ This is the type of Call E.-ttry ti#F7) 2 ENTRY CODE This field cells witethe he call is local or toll The value in this field is determined by the TELCO
through the datafill of Table TOLL.E:'ffC. The DMS-MT:C indexes this table based tmon the CHARGE CLASS assigned co the call and obtains the assoeiared ENTRY CODE. More information can be found in YTP

411-2131-151, section OZ9. The following CHARGE CLASSES

a>z used:

Lad Mobile call - VtOBL

Direct dialed Mobile call ( 1-) -~tOB 1 Operarar Assisted Mobile call (0+) MOBO

Locsl Land Otigiriation - LLOR

3 OFEATCD This is the originating feature coae.
Ic records whether or not exh feature type rtas occ~.u:ed during the caiL This field is Y or Y or each charac:c :n ;.':e field.
Y :rdicaru that the feature assigned to that locanon occtured curing the call. Y indicate that the featsae did not ocnu. T;:e feature designated positions are displayed in the following order.

Call Forwarding Instigation Call Forwarding Activation CaII Forwarding Deactivation Call Forwarding Btuy Instigation Call Forwarding Busy Activation Call Forwarrimg Busy Deacnvation Call Forwarding ~Io answer instigacon Call Forwardutg '1o Answer Acavanon Call Fotvvaraing ~o Answer Deaeavaaon Three Way Calling Call Transie:

CaII Waiting Vertical Feanue i~:a;

Directed inward Vlooiie Access Hodate Iruasystern Handoif can Delivery Atuomadc Roatnin~

Follow Vle Roaming Call Delivery Accivatabte Surveillance RF PIN Verification RF PIN Change Festtaes TABLE A

WO 97!10362 PCTlUS96/19120 Field Field Name DeSCftpttOtl ~

No. i , ,i TFEATCD ' Termmaattg ~ ieanue cede. It recaras whether or not each feanae , type has occurred durbtg the tail.
This field is Y or N for each character in the fidd.
Y :ndicares that the feattae zcsigned to that location occurred during the call.
N indicates that the feature did not ocean. The feature designated positions arc displayed itt the following order:

Call Forwarding Instigation Call Forwarding Activation I . Call Forwaraing Deactivation Csll Forwarding Busy Instigation Call Forwarding Busy Activation Call Forwarding Bttsy Deactivation Call Forwarding No Answer Insngation Call Forwarding No rAuwer Activanon Call Forwaraing Vo ?answer Dezcnvaaon T'~.ree H%ay Calling Call Trutsier Call Waiting Vertical Feature Flag Directed Inward Mobile Access Hotline Insasvstem Hsrtdaif Call Delivery Automatic Roaming Follow ate Roaming Call Delivery .~cnvatabte Surveillzrtcc RF PIN Vcrttiuaon RF PIN Chzrtge resnaes ' GlLlli'1G ~1L'MBER This field is the tailing party's number. It conrstrts a Vtobile - Identinution Number t~'~tIN) far cellular ongirtated calls. When the mobile is registered roams, this field concairss the assigned dirxtory number rather than the MIN.

7 SYSTWI ID This field is the tailing party system CALL.11'1G idenatication. If Split Ticket -Billing is activated for the originator, the calling system ID in the new CDR is set to the system ID of the MSA that the mobile is itt when the new record is started. ' Note: With the curnnt version of CIS-3, this field cut only be Ftlled for subscribers utd permanent roamets.

Field DeSCTiQtlOt1 Field Name No.

8 ORIGL~1ATL~fG This field is the initial calling MSA P~rY MSA, if is is a cellular origatated tail. Otherwise. is is filled with the background character.

ORIGINATING ROAMER This field is the roamer or home stanu of the calling party. if is is 9 INDICATOR a mobile originated call. Otherwise ie is filled with the background character. If the field equals 0, the mobile is a pertnaneru subscriber. If the field value is 1, rhea the subsaiba is either a temporary or s mobile denied service. Whets the value is 2, then the mobile is a permanent roamer. When the value is 3 the mobile is a network roamer.

ORIGINATING STATION This field is the station clusmark CLASS a aansmitted by the originating This field consists ai the Powa Class i 1-8) followed by mobile .
Y or N for Eanarrded Svectrum aid Y or N for Discontinuous Trarumtssion.

Note: This field consuls of three blanks if the originator is not a mobile.

12 ORIGINATING CI~iAI~INEL'Iris field is the channel type capability TYPE a transmitted by ehe C originating mobile. This field is ~ppg~y Y or N for each character is the , field. Y indicates that this charmel type is available. N indicates that this channel type is not applicable.
The channel type designated positions are:

. Other voice coding Other DQPSK charmels Digital half ram cnannels . Digital full rate channels Analog channels Note: Ttis field will consuu of 5 blanks if the originuor is not a mobile.

ORIGINATING CHAI'fl'iELSThis field consists of the channels used the temrinating mobile 13 daring a call. This field is Y or N for each character in the field.

USED Y indicates that this chartnei type is used. N indicates that this dramrel type is not applicable. The charmel type designated positions arc:

Other voice coding Other DQPSK charmers Digital half rate channels Digital full rate channels.

Analog chazutels Note: This field will consisu of 5 blanks if the originator is not a mobile.

Field Fleld Name DeSCtIptIOO

~ ~
No.

14 CALLING SERIAL VO This field coruuu of the 2 subtields:
manuiscturer's code and serial number. The manuiacttaer's code range is 0 to 255. The calling party mobile unit serial numoer field is only filled if the S-bit is set to ON. The valid range of this field is 0 to 16777215.

16 CREDCARD ~ This field is the credit card ntunoer ~ rued by the moiale.

17 DIALED Wl,~ER This tieid is the number dialed by the originator mobile. It is captured with the exact digits dialed.
It contains a speed number.

~1, or iYPA-a~l7~QC-X7GY.~C nttmixr.
The range of this field is a valid number of up to 32 digits ~ior international calls).

13 CALLED YUS1BER ~ This fteid is the tailed party s ~ numoer tmm the mobile. It displays the outtntised digits for rermirtated calls. and the EA

pretiz ( 10~ of an EA call. If the called pam is a roamer. ~t contains a ~Y and the DIALED WMBER
field contains its temporary NPAW7~OC-3C~QG~C number.
If wire terminated. it contains an NPA-N3QC-7QQG'C number.
The range of this field is a valid number of up to 24 digits (for international calls).

MOTE: although the DIALED WMBER is always translated, fields 10 to 11 can contain the same information. the prefix IOJOOC in EA calls will be shown regardless whether the prefix was dialed or not in addition to showing the outpulsed number to the Access Tandem or the IC. T'.:e xOC indicates the chosen tamer.

19 CaI.L-D SYSTE.VI iD This filed is called parry system idcttificauon. When Split Ticket ~
Billing a activated for the terminator.
the tailing rystem ID in the new CDR is sec to the system ID for the MSA that the termmuor is ut when the new CDR is started.

NOTE: with the curratt version of CIS-3, this field can only be filled for subscribers and permanent roamea.

ZO TER1KINATLYG ~1SA This field is the initial called party MSA, if it is cellular tetsnatated call. Otherwise, it is filled with the background character.

21 TER1HIT(ATING ROAMER This field is the roam or home status of the called parry. it is a )TIDICATOR mobile terminated call. Otherwise.
it is filled with the badcgcound character.

Field Field Name ( Description ~
No.

2 TERMBYATL'1G STATION This field is the station ciassmaric as trsrumiaed by the terminating CLASS MARK mobile. This field consisu of the Power Class ( 1-3) followed by Y

or N for Ezpanded Soectrum and Y or N for Discontinuous Transmission.

NOTE: This fidd consisu of three blanks if the originator is not a mobile.

~

24 TTrRMIT'lAT'ING CHAlYhIELThis field is the channel type capability as transmitted by the TYPE CAPABILITY terminating mobile. This field is Y or N for each character is cite field. Y indicates that this channel type is available. N indicates that this channel type is not applicable.
The channel type designated positions are:

Outer voice cooing other DQPSK channels Digital half race channels Digital full rate charmels Analog channels Note: 'Iltis field will consisu of 5 blanks if the originator is not a mobile.

25 TElilYUNAT'ING CHANNELS'Ibis field coruisu of the channels used the tcrmirtaang mobile USED durarg a call. This field is Y or N for each characrer is the field.
Y

indicates that this channel type is used. Y indicates that this channel type is not applicable. T"ne charmel type designated positions are:

Other voice coding Other DQPSK channels Digital half rate channels Digital full race charmeis Analog channels Note: This field will consisu of 5 blanlu if the originator is not a mobile.

26 CALLED SERIAL NO This field is the called parry mobile unit serial number. The field is only filled if the S-bit is sec to ON.

27 Cr~L.L TYPE This field is the type of call made.
It is deeermuted by the type of ~smks on each side of the call. The valid call types are:

Mobile-tn-Mobile - 0 Mobile-to-Land - i Mobile-to-Operator - 2 Laad.to-Mobile - 3 Land - to - Land - a Operator - to - Mobile - 6 WO 97!20362 PCT/ITS96l19120 Field Field Name De5CflPtlOt1 No.

28 g~G ~g~ This field is the number of the billed party. It always contains a ~ hllIY. The billing parry fields are pertinent only to Vertical Savicu.

30 ACCNTCOD I This field is the account code number dialed by the originator.

32 AUTHCODE This field contains the authorization code entered by the subscriber.

It will contain a system wide authorization code if one was entotd or a station specific one if it was entered and the subscriber has station soxific authorization code retarding on, field ACTfHREC

in Table~CELLFEAT for the MAC featitra If no authoriraeion code it entered. this field will be blank.

I

34 TREATMENT CODE This field is the treatment given a call before it a attswaoti.

Treatments provided by the DMS-MTX
are listed below along with the conditions which cause them to be routed.

UNDT (00):

UNDEFINED TREATMENT - This field is the default value for enaies in Class of Service Saeenatg and Prefu Treatment tables when no crearmenc is required. The operating company dou not supply any input darn.

NOSC (O1 ):
NO SERVICE CIRCUIT - NOSC a applied when a DD~IA facility cannot attach a DT receiver to the call. This condition occurs whrn:

1) a requut for a DT recover is queued, but a wait timeout occurs before a DT receiver becomes available 2) the DT tecetver watt queue is full.

PDIL (OZ):

PARTIAL DIAL TIMEOUT- PDIL occtus in the following instances:
I) An insufficient number of digits have been received for a call 2uJo ST pulse is received on a MF trunk 3)An invalid digit is collated.

PSIG (03):

PERMANENT SIGNAL TIMEOUT - This field is the treatmatc to which a trunk is touted when origination occtas on an incoming or two-way ttttnk. but no digits are dialed within the period of time specified by the trtmk group parameter PSPDSEIZ.

VACT (06):

VACPuYf CODE TREATMENT - An unassigned NPA code, office code, or country code is dialed.

WO 97!10362 PCT/US96/19120 Field Fleld Name ~ Description No. I
y ~TI~.IvT CCDE ~ vtSC.~ i07):
(coatmued) ViISDIRECTED C.~.Vt.~ C?.I-I- - This field is the treatment tn which a mooile is routed when msidrtg local calls which utempt to switch via the toll network but arc not permitted. or when the prefix digits 0 or 1 is dialed in error on a local call.
MSLC (O8):
HISDIRECT'ED LCCAL CALL - This field is the treatment given in the following cases:
1) Fort a mobile originacng an operater assisted call (0+) to 800 or 555 cones.
2) Whets prcfiz digit 0 or 1 is not dialed on a toll call and the prefix treaenent table specifies a mandatory prcttz digits on toil calls.
YBLH (Q91:
WEIZVORK BLOCKED IiEAVY TRAFFIC -'~ field is the treatment givrn when the immediate cattle of failure is the inability tn get a path through the nctwork-NBLN (10):
NETWORK BLOCKL'tG NOR.rtAL TRAFFIC -'I'ltls held is the tteaettent given when a call is a a'ootted due to blocking (failure to get a cnatutel) in the terminacng pmPh~ module-iiNPI (16):
HO(yø Ypp, I,YTERCEPT -'this field is the trcaanent to which a mobile or trunk is routed upon dialing homc i fPA when tuome NPA
dialing is not permitted.
BLDN (181:
BLANK DIRECTORY WMBER - This field is the treacmrnt given for unassigned airectory numoas.
BUSY (19):
BUSY LINE - This field is the treatment given in either of the cases:
1)A motile dials its own dirxtory number 2)A mobile or tntttk dials a directory number that is busy.
TDND:
TOLL DE:YtED - This field is the treatment to which a mobile is touted when a toll call is attempted by a subscriber who is denied toll access.

Fleld Field Name D2SCf1Pt1011 ~ ~
No .

34 TREATMFrVT CODE RODR (25):

(continued) REORDER . RODR is given Qt either of the following conditioat:

1)More than the ma:cimum numbs of digia required far a call is outpuised by an incoming trunk.

2)An uneapxted error candidon occtas on an outgoing tttatk while a call is up. An example of this would be either network integrity loss, invalid AdtB bit state rxeived, or forte release is ordaad from MAP porition for z terminating circuit.

ORSS (27):

ORIGINATING SERVICE SUSPENSION - This is the treatment to which a temporarily - invalid mobile is routed upon originating a call.

TESS (28):

TERMINATING SERVICE SUSPENSION - This is the treatmau to which z call is routed whrn the terminating mobile is temporarily invalid.

DNTR (33):

DENIED TERMINATION - his aeatment is applied when the ,10 over-dialed digits coaespand to a Permanrnt Roams or Normal Sub:aiber with the DTI~i fdesued Temtinatzon) option.

GNCT (58):

GENERAL.I2fD NO CIRCUIT - This is the treatment to which a call is routed whrn _no DOD trunk a available for mobile to_land calls.

ANTO (66):

ANSWER TIMEOLT - This is the treatment to which the originator is routed when a ringing mobile does not answer within the ringing timeout value.

FNAL(68):

FEATURE NOT ALLOWED - An attempt to access a vertical feattae that is not allocated in Table Cellular w the Mobile ID

numixr, or art attempt has been made to access two different vertical features that camtot cae:tist from the same wneol mobile.

WO 97!10362 PCT/US96119120 Field Fleld Name DeSCTIPttOn ~ ~
No.

34 TRFA'I:~tENT CODE UMOB (69):

(continued) UNREGISTERED MOBILE - This is the treatment to which a mooile attempcutg origination is routed when its 11IN doer not verify.

PGTO (96):

MOBILE PAGE TL~1E OUT - This is the areatment to which an ori~nacrn is routed when the terminating mobile faik to respond o0 a pare rsquest.

35 FnIFR
~

36 BB.LING SERL~L YO This is the billing parry mobile emit ~ serial number. 'Ibis field is oniy tilled if the S-bit is sec ON.
Valid range is 0 to 16777215.

37 EVENT INFO DIGIT The following tniormanon is provided on a pa call event basis;

YYNNYYNNN-Answer Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Y - Calling Party Discatutect Y Y N Y V Y N Y N - Called Party Disconnect NNNNYYYYN-BlueBozFnud NNNNNNNNY-Blocked 38 ORIGINATIT1G L~fTFRSYSTE.'rtThis is the originating intersvstem billing m. This ID is used to BII.L.ING ID assoaam CDRs for in~envstem tails on various switches. The first 5 digits ere the switch ID, the next three digits are the switch ttumoer. snd the final eleven digits are sn ID numbs intended to make the entire billing ID unique.

~
FILLER

40 TERt~IYATIi~IG INI'ERSYSTEMThis is the terminating intersystem billing 1D. This ID is usod to BD:.L.11'1G ID associate CDRs for intersystem calls on various switches. The first five digits are the switch )D. the next three digits are the switch rntmber. and the final eleven digits are an ID nttmba intended to makt the entire billing ID unique.

41 ~ FILLER

42 FIRST ORIGL~IATING This is the CLLI for the voce trunk CLLI that the call began on. All fight fields which indicate the trunks and their members are updated during the call. It is not changed when Split Ticket Billing is activated.

WO 97!10362 PCT/US96/19120 Field Field Name Description ~
No.

43 FIRST ORIGINATING 'Ibis field is the tatnic memca numbs MEMBER for the voice trunk that the call began on. It is noc changed when Split Ticks Billing is activated.

44 PREVIOUS ORIGINATING This 6eid is the CLLI for the voice CLLI trunk thu the originator was on before the last handoff was ac>;vated arid the CDR was reported.

ff there are no handoffs on the originating silo of the call. the lotmd character is filled It is not affected by Split Ticket BiIlatg.

45 PREVIOUS ORIGINATING This field is etue trunk memos number for the voice trunk that the M~gEg originarnr was on before the lasthandoff was activated and the CDR was reported. It is not affected by Split Ticket Billing. If there are no handoffs on the originating side of the call. the baeltground character is filled.

s6 LAST ORIGINATING CLLIThis field is the CLLI for the voice trunk that the originator was on when the CDR was reported. It is not affected by Split Ticket Btlfmg.

47 LAST ORIGINATING MEMBERThis field is the sunk member number for the voice Qta>jc that the originator was on when the CDR was reported. It is not affected by Split Ticket Billing.

48 ORIGINATING TIHIE For the billing entry of a cellular originator. this is the day of the yeu and time (hots. minute, second) that a voice channel is allocated for the billing entry of a cellular termatartd eaiL this is the day of the year and the time that the terminating trunk is seized This field is the ntunoer of handoffs made dttrtng the call. This 49 ~p~S count begins at l and continues tn 255. Upon reaching 2.55 it does not wrap around to 0.

50 FIRST TERMINATING This field is the CLLI for the voice MEMBER mmk that the taminatot was Not affected by Split Ticket ll was aruwered h h .
e ca en t on w Billing.

51 FIRST TERMINATING This field is the trunk member ntrmba MEMBER for the voice Qunk that the tamiaator was on when the call was answered. Not affected by Split Ticket Billing.

52 PREVIOUS TERMINATING This field is the CLLI for the voice CLLI trunk that the terminator was on before the Lltt handoff was activated and the CDR was reported. If there are rno handoffs on the teamatating side of the till, the background character is filled. Not affected by Split Ticket Billing (STB).

WO 97110362 PC'T/US96/19120 Field Fteld Name ~ DeSCriptiOtl No.

53 PREVIOUS TERMINATING This field is the trunk memos for the voice muck that the MEMBER tetmittator was on before the tut handoff was activated and the CDR was reported. If there are no handoffs on the terminating side of the call. the backgtvund character is filled. Not affected by Split Ticket Billing.

54 LAST TERMINATING CLLIThis field is the CLLI for the voice trunk that the terminator was on the CDR was reported. Not affected by Split Ticket Billing.

55 LAST TER.1~IB~(ATING This field is the trunk member number hIEMHER far the voice trunk that the terminator was on when the CDR was reported. Not affected by Split Ticket B filling.

56 DISCONNECT TUNE This field is the day of the year and time that a on-hook is detected on either end of the csil.

57 SERVING TRANSLATION This field is the ntunoa of the tratslacion scheme applied to the SCHEME ~ dialed numbs.

58 CALL DURATION This is the cormecdon duration of the call in seconds. Eor a normally completed call (completion code 00), this is the time dtaation between off-hook detection on the terminating mobile or line and on-hook at either end of the call (conversation time).

Upon reaching 999999, is does not wrap around to zero:

59 INFO DIGITS The following events are obae:,red during the call:

info:ntauon is provided on a per call event basis:

I N Y N Y N Y N Y Setvtce Observed ?

INNYYNNYY Charge?

I Y N N N Y Y Y Y Traffic Sampled ?

2NYNYNYNYANIfail?

2 N N Y Y N N Y Y Operator Dialed ?

2 N N N N Y Y Y Y Operarvr Identified?

NO'CE: This field is not yet implented.

60 ORIG HOLD This is the total amount of time, in seconds. on hold by the originator.

61 ~ (~R) ~ ~ a ~ equal access toll canter.

62 TERM HOLD ~ 'This is the total amount of time, in seconds, on hold by the terminator.

WO 97!20362 PCTJUS96/19120 Fteld Field Name Description No.
63 ~ COMPLETION CODE I This the maims in w'nich a call is terminated.
NOTE : Completion code values outer than 00 indicate abnormal call complecioru. For value d (RF Signal Lost). the call duration indicates the time span between answer and signal lost detection by the DMS-11TX. Values ~ and 6 indicate billable calls, but the call dttruion field can not indicate the full conversation time. For theca codes, the call durzatm can be calculared as the difference becweat the disco:mxt and the origination times.
Code leanin 00 NORMAL CALL - The call is campletnd afttx a on-hoot is detectod at either side of the call.
O1 TREATMENT SET - The call is not completed as intended by the calling party. Instead it is routed to a aeatmenc. The ertaet treaenent set can be determated tzom the TREATMENT CODE.
QZ CALL ABANDON - Art on-hook by the originating Party is deteaad before the call is cor~letely routed.
03 ABNORMAL CALL - This field is the default completion code given tn an abnormally compiettd call. This results only if the cause of the tetatinadon is specifically dete:miaed.
04 RF SIGNAL LOST - A mobile unit failure message is received from a (CSC) while call processing is waiting for SAT.
OS 1~IOBILE UNTT FAILURE - A mobile unit failure message is rtxeived from a CSC while call processing is in any !rate other than waiting for SAT. Note: The RF SIGNAL LOST
is a special case of a mobile unit failure.
06 CELL SITE FAILURE - AS cell site failure message is received from a CSC.
HANDOFF OCCURRED - The CDR record was split due to a handoff.
64 OE~CTSYS ~ This is the amount of time the originator is not in the first reporting system.

WO 97!10362 PCT/US96/19120 Field Field Name ~ De5 p n No.
' 65 ANSWER TYPE This field displays the tnatmer in which a call is answered. The following aaswa types are valid:

glean Oi ANSWER DETECT NO VOICE - The ATD
has detected alt snswer, but an identifiable signal has not been present for 71 seconds or longer.

02 ANSWER DETECT VOICE - The ATD has detected a pattern of signals not ciassifialile ~s call progress totter.

65 ANSWER TYPE Code Vleanine (CONT'tIYIJE) 03 RING BACK SOFTWARE DETECT - The ATD has counted the default number of audible rings.

04 EiARDWARE ANSWER - The conventional off-hook signal has been detected on a lute or trtmk.

05 ATD I~GIi DRY TIMEOUT - The ATD
has not detxted a constant tape of 60 ttu within the default timeout limit.

07 ATD NO CIdS BTf TRANSTTION - The end-of-outpulsing has not been detected withia a 20-sxond wait period.

08 BUSY SOFTWARE DETECT - The ATD has counted 4 signals identified as a busy call process tune.

09 REORDER SOFTWARE DETECT - The ATD
has counted eight signals identified as a reorder call progress rone.

66 TEXTSYS This field is the amount of tune the tetmutator is not in the first system.

Claims (62)

THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. In a mobile satellite system including a satellite communication switching office having a satellite antenna for at least one of receiving and transmitting a satellite message via a satellite at least one of from and to a vehicle using a mobile communication system, a central controller at least one of receiving and transmitting the satellite message at least one of from and to the satellite communication switching office issued from the vehicle via the satellite, a method of providing satellite communication and satellite management for multiple users in a virtual network arrangement, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) first and second mobile earth terminals (METs) registering with the mobile satellite system;
(b) the first MET selecting a virtual network identifier (VN ID) representing a virtual network group including at least the first and second METs to establish voice communication therewith;
(c) the first MET transmitting the VN ID to the central controller;
(d) the central controller receiving the VN ID, allocating a frequency for the virtual network group, and broadcasting the message to the virtual network group including the second MET informing the virtual network group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith;
(e) the second MET tuning to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller; and (f) the first and second METs communicating with each other on the frequency.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

(1) a third MET included in the virtual network group registering with the mobile satellite system;
(2) the central controller broadcasting the message to the virtual network group including the third MET informing the virtual network group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith; and (3) the third MET tuning to the allocated frequency for the virtual network group to gain access thereto and communicate with the first and second METs.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the central controller controls the satellite communication of the virtual network arrangement including virtual network parameters used by the first and second METs.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the central controller collects billing information regarding the satellite communication and transmits the billing information to the mobile satellite system, and wherein the mobile satellite system charges a service fee to a customer that has requested the virtual network arrangement.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
(1) a non-MET accessing the mobile satellite system via one of a public switched telephone network and a cellular network to initiate a communication with the virtual network group including at least one of the first and second METs;
(2) the central controller broadcasting the message to the virtual network group informing the virtual network group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith; and (3) the at least one of the first and second METs tuning to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller to communicate with the non-MET in the virtual network arrangement.

6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
(1) the first MET selecting the virtual network identifier (VN ID) representing the virtual network group including the first MET and a non-MET serviced by one of a public switched telephone network and a cellular network to establish voice communication therewith;
(2) the first MET transmitting the VN ID to the central controller;
(3) the central controller receiving the VN ID, determining that the virtual network group includes the non-MET, and broadcasting a non-MET message to the one of the public switched telephone network and the cellular network including the voice communication associated therewith; and (4) the one of the public switched telephone network and the cellular network receiving the non-MET message from the central controller and transmitting the non-MET message to the non-MET to establish the virtual network arrangement between the MET and the non-MET.

7. In a mobile satellite system including a satellite communication switching office having a satellite antenna for at least one of transmitting and receiving a satellite message via a satellite at least one of from and to a vehicle using a mobile communication system, a central controller at least one of receiving and transmitting the satellite message at least one of from and to the satellite communication switching office issued from the vehicle via the satellite, a system for providing satellite communication between multiple users in a virtual network arrangement, comprising:
first and second mobile earth terminals (METs) responsively connected to and registering with the mobile satellite system, the first MET selecting a virtual network identifier (VN ID) representing a virtual network group including the first and second METs to establish voice communication therewith and transmitting the VN ID; and a central controller responsively connected to the first and second METs, the central controller receiving the VN ID from the first MET,, validating the first MET for communication, validating the VN ID, allocating a frequency for the virtual network group, and broadcasting the message to the virtual network group including the second MET
informing the virtual network group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith, the second MET tuning to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller, and the central controller assigning the first MET as current speaker for the virtual network group.

8. The system according to claim 7, wherein the central controller controls the satellite communication including virtual network parameters used by the first and second METs.

9. The system according to claim 7, wherein the central controller collects billing information regarding the satellite communication and transmits the billing information to the mobile satellite system, and wherein the mobile satellite system charges a service fee to a customer that has requested the virtual network arrangement.

10. The system according to claim 7, wherein a non-MET accesses the mobile satellite system via one of a public switched telephone network and a cellular network to initiate a communication with the virtual network group including at least one of the first and second METs, the central controller broadcasts the message to the virtual network group informing the virtual network group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith, and the at least one of the first and second METs tunes to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller to communicate with the non-MET in the virtual network arrangement.

11. The system according to claim 7, wherein the first MET selects the virtual network identifier (VN ID) representing the virtual network group including the first MET and a non-MET serviced by one of a public switched telephone network and a cellular network to establish voice communication therewith, and transmits the VN ID to the central controller, the central controller receives the VN ID, determines that the virtual network group includes the non-MET, and broadcasts a non-MET message to the one of the public switched telephone network and the cellular network including the voice communication associated therewith, and the one of the public switched telephone network and the cellular network receives the non-MET message from the central controller and transmits the non-MET
message to the non-MET to establish the virtual network arrangement between the MET and the non-MET.

12. The system according to claim 7, further comprising a third MET responsively connected to said central controller and included in the virtual-network group registering with the mobile satellite system, and wherein the central controller broadcasts the message to the virtual network group including the third MET
informing the virtual network group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith, the third MET generating a scrambling vector for access to the voice communication, and tuning to the allocated frequency for the virtual network group using the scrambling vector to gain access thereto.

13. A satellite network system comprising:
a satellite antenna for receiving and transmitting messages via a satellite and satellite beams to and from feederlink earth stations (FESs) connected to at least one land line communications network and mobile earth terminals (METs) of a mobile communication system;
a satellite communication switching office connected to said antenna and coupled through a satellite interface system to a central controller; and a network operations center (NOC) for managing and controlling resources of the satellite network system, the NOC communicating with various internal and external entities via a control network, said NOC
comprising:
data management means for transmission and receipt of information with other components of the network operations center, said data management means including a NOC data base;
configuration management means for allocating system resources;

network management means for updating network functions;
call records management means for enabling monitoring of customer usage;
event management means for detecting fault conditions; and operator interface means for transmitting system information to an operator station.

14. In a mobile satellite system including a satellite communication switching office and network system having a satellite antenna for receiving and transmitting a satellite message via a satellite and satellite beams to and from feederlink earth stations (FESs) and mobile earth terminals (METs) using a mobile communication system, a satellite interface system, a central controller receiving and transmitting the satellite message to and from the satellite communication switching office, the mobile satellite system being responsively connected to said mobile communication system and comprising:
a network operations center (NOC) managing and controlling resources of the satellite network system and carrying out administrative functions associated with the management of the network system, the NOC communicating with various internal and external entities via a control network;
a first network communications controller (NCC) managing the real time allocation of circuits between METs and FESs for the purposes of supporting communications, available circuits being held in circuit pools managed by group controllers (GCs) within the NCC, the NCC communication with the NOC via a satellite network internetwork, with FESs via Ku-to-Ku band interstation signaling channels or terrestrial links, and with METs via Ku-to-L band signaling channels;
a FES supporting communications links between METs, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), private networks, and other METs, call completion and service feature management being accomplished via in-band signaling over a communication channel following the establishment of such a channel, the FES
including a gateway FES providing mobile telephone service (MTS) and mobile telephone cellular roaming service (MTCRS) services, and a base FES providing mobile radio service (MRS) and net radio (NR) services; and a group controller subsystem (GCS) incorporating one or multiple group controllers (GC), each GC maintaining state machines for every call in progress within its control group and allocating and de-allocating circuits for FES-MET calls within each beam of the system, managing virtual network call processing, MET authentication, and providing elements of call accounting, the GC providing satellite bandwidth resources to the NOC for AMS (R) S resource provisioning and monitoring the performance of call processing and satellite circuit pool utilization, and performing MET management, commissioning and periodic performance verification testing and database management.

15. In a mobile satellite system including a satellite communication switching office (SCSO) having a satellite antenna for at least one of receiving and transmitting a satellite message via a satellite at least one of from and to a mobile communication system (MCS), a central controller at least one of receiving and transmitting the satellite message at least one of from and to the satellite communication switching office issued from the MCS via the satellite to another party, a method of performing a call setup procedure in the mobile satellite system from a call initiated by a destination served by a public switched telephone network (PSTN) to the MCS, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) receiving by the SCSO a call from the destination served by the PSTN;
(b) transmitting by the SCSO to the central controller a channel request including a destination number;
(c) determining by the central controller an identity of the MCS responsive to the destination number, and transmitting a call announcement;
(d) acknowledging by the MCS the call announcement to the central controller;
(e) transmitting frequency assignments to the MCS and to the SCSO, the frequency assignment including the call type, and the destination phone number, and a security field used to verify the MCS's identity;

(f) receiving by the MCS the frequency assignment, and transmitting an identification message to the SCSO;
(g) verifying by the SCSO the identity of the MET
responsive to the identification message;
(h) upon successful verification in said verifying step (g), transmitting by the SCSO a ring command to the MCS;
(i) receiving by the MCS of the ring command, generating a ringing signal to a MET user, and transmitting a ring command acknowledgement to the SCSO;
(j) receiving by the SCSO the ring command acknowledgement from the MCS;
(k) once the call setup is complete and the MET user has acknowledged the ringing signal by going off-hook, transmitting by the MCS a disable signal to the SCSO and disabling voice activation in the MCS for a predetermined period of time;
(1) upon detection of the MCS switching to a voice mode, switching by the SCSO to the voice mode, and re-enabling voice activation by the MCS; and (m) establishing voice communication between the PSTN and the MCS.

16. In a mobile satellite system including a satellite communication switching office (SCSO) having a satellite antenna for at least one of receiving and transmitting a satellite message via a satellite at least one of from and to a mobile communication system (MCS), a central controller at least one of receiving and transmitting the satellite message at least one of from and to the satellite communication switching office issued from the MCS via the satellite to another party, a method of performing a call setup procedure in the mobile satellite system from a call initiated by the MCS to a destination served by a public switched telephone network (PSTN), said method comprising the steps of:

(a) initiating the call by the MCS;
(b) the MCS formatting and transmitting an access request message including call type and destination number;
(c) receiving by the central controller the access request message, and transmitting frequency assignments to the MCS and to the SCSO, the frequency assignment including the call type, and the destination phone number, and a security field used to verify the MCS's identity;
(d) receiving by the MCS the frequency assignment, and transmitting an identification message to the SCSO;
(e) verifying by the SCSO the identity of the MET
responsive to the identification message;
(f) upon successful verification in said verifying step (e), switching by the SCSO and the MCS from call setup mode to voice mode;
(g) transmitting by the SCSO a disable signal to the MCS to disable voice activation in the MCS for a predetermined time period after which voice activation is re-enabled in the MCS, end transmitting a destination number to the PSTN; and (h) establishing voice communication between the PSTN
and the MCS.

17. In a mobile communication system including a communication switching office for at least one of receiving and transmitting a message, a central controller at least one of receiving and transmitting the message at least one of from and to the communication switching office, a method of providing communication and management for multiple users in a virtual network arrangement, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) first and second mobile earth terminals (METs) registering with the mobile communication system;
(b) the first MET selecting a virtual network identifier (VN ID) representing a virtual network group including at least the first and second METs to establish voice communication therewith;

(c) the first MET transmitting the VN ID to the central controller;
(d) the central controller receiving the VN ID, allocating a frequency for the virtual network group, and broadcasting the message to the virtual network group including the second MET informing the virtual network group of the allocated frequency and the voice communication associated therewith;
(e) the second MET tuning to the frequency in response to the message broadcast by the central controller; and (f) the first and second METs communicating with each other on the frequency.

18. A network system comprising:
an antenna for receiving and transmitting messages to and from mobile earth terminals (METs) of a mobile communication system;
a communication switching office connected to said antenna and coupled through an interface system to a central controller; and a network operation: center (NOC) for managing and controlling resources of the network system, the NOC
communicating with various entities via a control network, said NOC comprising:
data management means for transmission and receipt of information with other components of the network operations center, said data management means including a NOC data base;
configuration management means for allocating system resources;
network management means for updating network functions;
call records management means for enabling monitoring of customer usage;
event management means for detecting fault conditions;
and operator interface means for transmitting system information to an operator station.

19. In a mobile communication system including a communication switching office for at least one of receiving and transmitting a message, a central controller for at least one of receiving and transmitting the message at least one of the communication switching office, the mobile communication system comprising:
a network operations center (NOC) managing and controlling resources of the mobile communication system and carrying out administrative functions associated with management of the resources of the mobile communication system, the NOC
communicating with various internal and external entities via a control network;
a first network communications controller (NCC) managing the real time allocation of circuits for the purposes of supporting communications, available circuits being held in circuit pools managed by group controllers (GCs) within the NCC;
a FES supporting communications links between at least one of mobile earth terminals (METs), a public switched telephone network (PSTN), private networks, and other METs, and providing call completion and service feature management, the FES
including a gateway FES providing access to at least one of mobile telephone service (MTS) and mobile telephone cellular roaming service (MTCRS) services, and a base FES providing mobile radio service (MRS) and net radio (NR) services; and a group controller subsystem (GCS) incorporating one or multiple group controllers (GC), each GC at least one of maintaining controlling calls in progress within its control group and allocating and de-allocating circuits, managing virtual network call processing, MET authentication, and providing elements of call accounting, monitoring the performance of call processing and circuit pool utilization, performing MET management, commissioning, periodic performance verification testing and database management, wherein the mobile communication system includes at least one of:
(1) said database management including management of:
mobile earth station databases;
circuit pool databases;

network identification databases; and call record tables, (2) the GC supporter GC controller (GCC) processes and control group manager (CGM) processes, the CGM processes managing multiple control groups, and (3) the GC performs the following processes:
configuration including processing control group reconfigurations, serving in NOC initiated updates and requesting GC initiated database updates;
call processing; and GC router configuration

20. A method of performing a call setup procedure in a mobile satellite system from a call initiated by a mobile communication system (MCS) to a destination served by a public switched telephone, network (PSTN), said method comprising the steps of:
(a) initiating a call by the MCS;
(b) receiving by a central controller the call, and transmitting frequency assignments to the MCS arid to a satellite communication switching office (SCSO);
(c) receiving by the MCS the frequency assignment, and transmitting an identification message to the SCSO:
(d) verifying by the SCSO the identity of the MET
responsive to the identification message;
(e) upon successful verification in said verifying step (d), stitching by the SCSO and the MSC from call setup mode to voice mode, (f) transmitting by the SCSO a disable signal to the MCS
to disable voice activating in the MCS for a predetermined time period after which voice activation is re-enabled in the MCS, and transmitting a destination number to the PSTN; and (g) establishing voice communication between the PSTN and the MCS.

21. A satellite network system as recited in claim 13, wherein said network management means comprises historian means for recording performance of the network over time.

22. A satellite network system as recited in claim 21, wherein said historian means collects statistics regarding resource utilization and calls in progress.

23. A satellite network system as recited in claim 13, wherein said network management means further comprises process control means for controlling NOC startup and shutdown.

24. A satellite network system as recited in claim 13, wherein said network management means comprises a management information repository (MIR) server for receiving network update information and exporter means for transmitting network management information to the NOC data base.

25. A satellite network system as recited in claim 13, wherein said network management means comprises watchdog means for transmitting an alarm in response to an abnormal condition.

26. A satellite network system as recited in claim 13, wherein said fault conditions include a lack of available memory in a system disk and an alarm is displayed on an operator screen at said operator station.

27. A satellite network system as recited in claim 13, wherein said data management means further comprises:
a router for routing configuration update requests to a plurality of NOC components and for receiving poling update request responses from said components; and a configuration data base server for updating said NOC
data base for each update request upon receipt of positive responses from all of the components poled for the respective update request.

28. A satellite network system as recited in claim 25, wherein said event management means comprises a watchdog event sink for receiving events data from said watchdog means and communications ground segment (CGS) sink means for receiving CGS event data.

29. A satellite network system as recited in claim 28, wherein said event management means further comprises event logger means for logging event messages to a file to be stored in said NOC data base.

30. A mobile satellite system as recited in claim 13, wherein said call records management means comprises:
a first server for receiving satellite call usage records from the group controllers (GCs) and a second server for receiving nonsatellite call usage records from at least one gateway switch (GWS), each of said servers coupled to said NOC
data bas for storage therein of said usage records, said servers further coupled to a configuration management information system (CMIS) for transmission thereto of usage information.

31. A mobile satellite system as recited in claim 13, wherein said operator interface means comprises:
session manager means for logging into the NOC by an operator;
access security encryption means for encrypting for encrypting request transactions;
operator message interface means for interfacing an operator with electronic mail; and resource allocation means for enabling the operator to modify system operation.

32. A mobile satellite system as recited in claim 13, wherein said data management means further comprises:
a router for routing configuration update request to a plurality of NOC components and for receiving poling update request responses from said components;
a configuration data base server for updating said NOC
data base for each update request upon receipt of positive responses from all of the components poled for the respective update request; and communication means for exporting information from the NOC
database to network engineering/system engineering (NE/SE) and a configuration management information system (CMIS).

33. A satellite network system as recited in claim 18, wherein said network management means comprises historian means for recording performance of the network over time.

34. A satellite network system as recited in claim 33, wherein said historian mans collects statistics regarding resource utilization and class in progress.

35. A satellite network system as recited in claim 18, wherein said network management means further comprises process control means for controlling NOC startup and shutdown.

36. A satellite network system as recited in claim 18, wherein said network management means comprises a management information repository (MIR) server for receiving network update information and exporter means for transmitting network management information to the NOC data base.

37. A satellite network system as recited in claim 18, wherein said network management means comprises watchdog means for transmitting an alarm in response to an abnormal condition.

38. A satellite network system as recited in claim 18, wherein said fault conditions include a lack of available memory in a system disk and an alarm is displayed on an operator screen at said operator station.

39. A satellite network system as recited in claim 18, wherein said data management means further comprises:
a router for rouging configuration update request to a plurality of NOC components and for receiving poling update request responses from said components; and a configuration data base server for updating said NOC
data base for each update request upon receipt of positive responses from all of the components poled for the respective update request.

40. A satellite network system as recited in claim 37, wherein said event management means comprises a watchdog event sink for receiving events data from said watchdog means and communications ground segment (CGS) sink means for receiving CGS event data.

41. A satellite network system as recited in claim 40, wherein said event management means further comprises event logger means for logging event messages to a file to be stored in said NOC data base.

42. A mobile satellite system as recited in claim 18, wherein said call records management means comprises:
a first server for receiving satellite call usage records from the group controllers (GCs) and a second server for receiving nonsatellite call usage records from at least one gateway switch (GWS), each of said servers coupled to said NOC
data base for storage therein of said usage records, said servers further coupled to a configuration management information system (CMIS) for transmission thereto of usage information.

43. A mobile satellite system as recited in claim 18, wherein said operator interface means comprises:
session manager means for logging into the NOC by an operator;
access security encryption means for encrypting for encrypting request transactions;
operator message interface means for interfacing an operator with electronic mail; and resource allocation mans for enabling the operator to modify system operation.

44. A mobile satellite system as recited in claim 18, wherein said data management means further comprises:
a router for rouging configuration update requests to a plurality of NOC components and for receiving poling update request responses from said components;
a configuration data base server for updating said NOC
data base for each update request upon receipt of positive responses from all of the components poled for the respective update request; and communication means for exporting information from the NOC
database to network engineering/system engineering (NE/SE) and a configuration management information system (CMIS).

45. A method of establishing a satellite network system comprising the steps of:
providing a satellite antenna for receiving and transmitting messages via a satellite and satellite beams to and from feederlink earth stations (FESs) connected to at least one land line communications network and mobile earth terminals (METs) of a mobile communication system;
providing a satellite communication switching office connected to said antenna and coupled through a satellite interface system to a central controller; and providing a network operations center (NOC) for managing and controlling resources of the satellite network system, the NOC communicating with various internal and external entities via a control network, said NOC comprising:

data management means for transmission and receipt of information with outer components of the network operations center, said data management means including a NOC data base;
configuration management means for allocating system resources;
network management means for updating network functions;
call records management means for enabling monitoring of customer usage;
event management means for detecting fault conditions; and operator interface means for transmitting system information to an operator station.

46. A method of communication in a mobile satellite system from a call initiated by a mobile communication system (MCS) to a destination, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) receiving by a central controller in the mobs le satellite system an access request message from the MCS, and transmitting frequency assignments to the MCS and to a satellite communication switching office (SCSO) in the mobile satellite system;
(b) switching by the SCSO and the MCS from call setup mode to voice mode;
(c) transmitting by the SCSO voice frames to the MCS to disable voice activation in the MCS for at least 3 super frames after which voice activation is re-enabled in the MCS; and (d) establishing voice communication between the MCS and the destination.

47. A method of communication in a mobile satellite system from a call initiated by a mobile communication system (MCS) to a destination, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) receiving by a central controller in the mobile satellite system an access request message from the MCS, and transmitting frequency assignments to the MCS and to a satellite communication switching office (SCSO) in the mobile satellite system;
(b) transmitting by the SCSO disable information to the MCS
to disable voice activation in the MCS for a predetermined period of time after which voice activation is re-enabled in the MCS;
and (c) establishing voice communication between the MCS and the destination.

48. A method of communication according to claim 47, wherein the disable information comprises voice frames.

49. A method of communication according to claim 47, wherein the predetermined period of time comprises at least 3 super frames.

50. A method of communication according to claim 47, further comprising the step of transmitting by the SCSO a re-enable signal to the MCS to re-enable voice activation.

51. A mobile satellite system, comprising:
a network operations center (NOC) managing. and controlling resources of a satellite network system and, conducting administrative functions associated with the management of the mobile satellite system, the NOC communicating with at least one of internal and external entities;
a first network communications controller (NCC) managing the allocation of circuits for supporting communications, available circuits being managed by at least one Group Controller (GC) in said NCC, said NCC communicating with said NOC via said control network, said GC controlling:
call setup and monitoring;
management of satellite resources during call setup and cleardown;
database management;
call record management;
congestion control;
generation of performance and traffic statistics; and periodic performance verification testing, wherein the mobile satellite system includes at least one of:
(1) said database management including management of:
mobile earth station databases;.
circuit pool databases;
network identification databases: and call record tables, (2) the GC supports GC controller (GCC) processes and control group manager (CGM) processes, the CGM processes managing multiple control groups, and (3) the GC performs the following processes:
configuration including processing control group reconfigurations, serving in NOC initiated updates and requesting GC initiated database updates;
call processing; and GC router configuration.

52. A mobile satellite system according to claim 51 wherein sand database management includes management of:
mobile earth station databases;

virtual network databases;
circuit pool databases;
network identification databases;
circuit counters and queue tables; and call record table.

53. A mobile satellite system according to Claim 51 wherein said mobile satellite system includes a second NCC which maintains communication with said NOC and said first NCC and maintains database concurrence across the two NCCs, receives call processing information from said first NCC on a call-by-call basis, and maintains call records and frequency allocations dynamically such that said second NCC can substantially immediately assume control of an in-process call setups and old call releases.

54. A mobile satellite system according to Claim 51 wherein said mobile satellite system includes a second NCC which maintains communication with the NOC and the NCC and maintains database concurrence across the two NCCs, receives call processing information from said first NCC on a call-by-call basis, and maintains call records and frequency allocations dynamically such that said second NCC may be substituted for said first NCC as a scheduled activity or upon failure of the online NCC.

55. A mobile satellite system according to Claim 54 wherein the scheduled substitution of said second NCC includes the following steps:
alerting the online NCC to initiate processing phaseout and suspend active communication with its associated CGS internal element;
the online NCC alerting the off-line NCC that all processing has been suspended and all elements associated with the NCC are awaiting a communication restart;
the off-line NOC commanding the on-line NCC to go to passive standby under its own local operator control;
the new on-line NCC beginning a communication restart sequence with its associated CGS elements.

56. A mobile satellite system according to Claim 51 wherein the fail over substitution of said second NCC includes the following steps:
an on-line NOC commanding an on-line NCC to go to passive standby under local operator control;
the on-line NOC commanding an oft-line NCC to go active;
the on-line NOC commanding all NCC associated elements to suspend communication with an old on-line NCC awaiting an NCC
communications restart command;
the on-line NOC commanding a new on-line NCC to begin a communications restart with all of its associated elements;
a new on-line NCC beginning a communications restart sequence with all of its associated elements.

57. A mobile satellite system according to claim 51 wherein the GC supports GC controller (GCC) processes and control group manager (CGM) processes, the CGM processes functioning independently and managing multiple control groups.

58. A mobile satellite system according to claim 51 wherein a GC performs the following processes:
configuration including processing control group reconfigurations, serving as a server in NOC initiated updates and as a requester in GC initiated database updates;
processing AMS (R) S provisioning requests from the NOC;
call processing; and GC router configuration.

59. In a mobile satellite system (MSS), including a network operations center (NOC) managing and controlling resources of a satellite network system and conducting administrative functions associated with the management of the mobile satellite system, the NOC communicating with at least one of internal and external entities; and a first network communications controller (NCC) managing the allocation of circuits for supporting communications, available circuits being managed by at least one Group Controller (GC) in said NCC, said NCC communicating with said NOC via said control network, a method performed by said GC comprising the sequence independent steps of:
(a) establishing and monitoring calls;
(b) managing satellite resources during establishing calls and cleardown;
(c) managing at least one database of the MSS;
(d) managing call records;
(e) controlling congestion;
(f) generating performance and traffic statistics; and (g) performing periodic performance verification testing, wherein the mobile satellite system includes at least one of (1) said managing at least one database includes management of:
mobile earth station databases;
circuit pool databases;
network identification databases; and call record tables, (2) the GC supports GC controller (GCC) processes and control group manager (CGM) processes, the CGM processes managing multiple control groups, and (3) the GC performs the following processes:
configuration including processing control group reconfigurations, serving as a server in NOC initiated updates and as a requester in GC initiated database updates;
call processing; and GC routes configuration.

60. In a mobile communication system including a communication switching office for at least one of receiving and transmitting a message, a central controller for at least one of receiving and transmitting the message at least one of the communication switching office, the mobile communication system comprising:
a network operations center (NOC) managing and controlling resources of the mobile communication system and carrying out administrative functions associated with management of the resources of the mobile communication system, the NOC
communicating with various internal and external entities via a control network;
a first network communications controller (NCC) managing the real time allocation of circuits for the purposes of supporting communications, available circuits being held in circuit pools managed by group controllers (GCs) within the NCC;
a FES supporting communications links between at least one of mobile earth terminals (METs), the public switched telephone network (PSTN), private networks, and other METs, and providing call completion and service feature management, the FES
including a gateway FES providing access to at least one of mobile telephone service (MTS) and mobile telephone cellular roaming service (MTCRS) services, and a base FES providing mobile radio service (MRS) and net radio (NR) services; and a group controller subsystem (GCS) incorporating one or multiple group controllers (GC), each GC at least one of maintaining controlling calls in progress within its control group and allocating and de-allocating circuits, managing virtual network call processing, MET authentication, and providing elements of call accounting, monitoring the performance of call processing and circuit pool utilization, performing MET management, commissioning, periodic performance verification testing and database management, said mobile communication system including at 1 east one of (1) said database management including management of:
mobile earth sation databases;
circuit pool databases;
network identification databases; and call record tables, (2) the GC supports GC controller (GCC) processes and control group manager (CGM) processes, the CGM processes functioning independently and managing multiple control groups, and (3) the GC performs the following processes:
configuratian including processing control group reconfigurations, serving as a server in NOC initiated updates and as a requester in GC initiated database updates;
processing aeronautical mobile satellite (route) service (AMS(R)S) provisioning requests from the NOC;
call processing; and GC router configuration.

61. A mobile satellite system, comprising:
a network operations center (NOC) managing and controlling resources of a satellite network system and conducting administrative functions associated with the management of the mobile satellite system, the NOC
communicating with at least one of internal and external entities;

a first network communications controller (NCC) managing the allocation of circuits for supporting communications, available circuits being managed by at least one Group Controller (GC) in said NCC said NCC communicating with said NOC via said control network, said GC controlling:
call setup and monitoring;
management of satellite resources during call setup and cleardown;
database management;
call record management;
congestion control;
generation of performance and traffic statistics; and periodic performance verification testing, wherein the mobile communication includes at least one of (1) said database management includes management of:
mobile earth station databases;
circuit pool databases;
network identification databases; and call record. tables, (2) the GC supports GC controller (GCC) processes and control group manager (CGM) processes, the CGM processes functioning independently and managing multiple control groups, and (3) the GC performs the following processes:
configuration including processing control group reconfigurations, serving as a server in NOC initiated updates and as a requester in GC initiated database updates;
processing aeronautical mobile satellite (route) service CAMS(R)S) provisioning requests from the NOC;
call processing; and GC router configuration.

62. In a mobile satellite system, including a network operations center (NOC) managing and controlling resources of a satellite network system and conducting administrative functions associated with the management of the mobile satellite system, the NOC communicating with at least one of internal and external entities; and a first network communications controller (NCC) managing the allocation of circuits for supporting communications, available circuits being managed by at least one Group Controller (GC) in said NCC, said NCC communicating with said NOC via said control network, a method performed by said GC comprising the sequence independent steps of:
(a) establishing and monitoring calls;
(b) managing satellite resources during establishing calls and cleardown;
(c) managing at least one database of the MSS;
(d) managing call records;
(e) controlling congestion;
(f) generating performance and traffic statistics; and (g) performing periodic performance verification testing, wherein the mobile communication includes at least one of:
(1) said managing at least one database includes management of:
mobile earth station databases;
circuit pool databases;
network identification databases; and call record tables, (2) the GC supports GC controller (GCC) processes and control group manager (CGM) processes, the CGM processes functioning independently and managing multiple control groups, and (3) the GC performs the following processes:
configuration including processing control group reconfigurations, serving as a server in NOC initiated updates and as a requester in GC initiated database updates;
processing aeronautical mobile satellite (route) service (AMS(R)S) provisioning requests from the NOC;
call processing; and GC router configuration.