CA2215011C - Ice-hockey-puck scoring system (ihpss) - Google Patents

Abstract

The Ice_Hockey_Puck_Scoring_System (IHPSS) is an electronics device applying the technology of ferroelectric materials - Lead Lanthanum Titanate (PLT), Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) and Lead Magnesium Niobate (PMN) - to provide the accuracy of the puck crossing the 2" of the Three Dimensional Goal Line Volume Area (3DGLVA) in within less than 1E-3m in all circumstances occurring in the professional games - interferences of bodies, gloves and any open metals. The puck velocities are determined when it crosses the 3DGLVA.
The IHPSS operates in DC electric fields using cubic-conductors Aji, Cji, Bji and Dji with ferroelectric layers. The theories developed permit to obtain any theoretical capacitance values (Farads). The mentioned ferroelectric materials permit to obtain the capacitance larger than 10µF to comply with the selected Op-Amp current source.
The quiescent beaming electric fields Aji to Cji through the electrets, distributed inside the puck, will provoke a variation in potential energy and thus the puck is detected

Description

I Description The ke Hockey_Puck Scoring System (IHPSS) discussed in this paper is a new invention of an electronics device applying the latest technology of materials, and theoretically proved, to provide easily the accuracy of the puck crossing a fine imaginary line in within lesser than 1E-3m in all circumstances occurring in the professional games - interferences of bodies, gloves and any open metals.
In the course of hockey games, frequently occurring the disputes of whether a goal did or didn't happen in many different circumstances.
Fatigue of judges do influence the qualities to perceive the puck crossing the 3-Dimensional-Goal-Line-Volume-Area (3DGLVA) and further complicating their tasks when it's obstructed by players bodies, gloves and sticks. Even though at high puck velocities, the limited number of cameras do not provide 100% satisfaction to judge the puck scoring phenomena.
The real model of IHPSS is monitored by a micro-controller which transmits by antennas, to the central, the electrical status of the device to control the following issues:
= normality of each sensoring beams at the beginning and during the game.
= synchronize the game count down time with the instantaneous time of the puck travelling in the neighbourhood of 2" of the 3-Dimensional-Goal-Line-Volume-Area (3DGLVA);
as well as sending signals to determine the puck crosses the 3DGLVA in lesser than 1E-3m in all circumstances. The IHPSS permits also to determine the puck velocities, when it just crosses the 3DGLVA, projected on a plane perpendicular to the ice surface.
= to send signals to the central, the instantaneous time, when the net is dislodged under a determined arbitrary fashion.
The IHPSS described has been proven by theories and has the highest accuracy among all other known technological method, obtaining easily an error lesser than 1E-3m of the puck crossing a fine line in all circumstances. However under the existence of some degree of differences from one puck to another in size, weight and internal frames holding its electrets;
such accuracy is highly satisfactory.
Additionally, the developed theories used to build that IHPSS had been presented to a professor at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario on August 28/1996.
The device operates with very high and very low DC electric fields. The players are exposed to the very low DC electric fields similarly found in natural habitats, which beam from one post to another parallel to the goal line, and is probably considered to be a healthy device - increase cells mobility due to some exposures to small DC electric fields. The high electric fields are confined and shielded inside the post and are caused by ferroelectric materials used.

2 The process to design of such IHPSS was first to recognise the need to increase the capacitance larger than 10 pF in order to comply to the Op-Amp functionality and second to develop the electromagnetism theories to meet the capacity requirement. Thus both issues are obtained and the electromagnetic theories developed permit to obtain any theoretical capacitance values (Reads).
Brief description offigures and table:
Fig. 1: schematic view of the Hockey net and the distribution of electrets.
Fig._ 2: overall view Hockey net on scale proportion.
Fig._ 3: the cross section view of the right post, on scale proportion and truncated in height.
Fig. 4: overall cross section view, on scale of the Hockey right post, truncated in height.
Fig._ 5: bottom view of the on scale post from inside ice level for ferroelectric of the KTaNb03 and Pb3MgNb209 on the left larger size and the right sketch depicts the smaller size using PLT
Fig._ 6: A) protection of Op-Amp VIDR and two directions flow of current to Aji, Cji.
B) flow of current It2 neutralises the electret energy inserted at 1=12.
C) Insertion of elearet that clamps the Zeners and charge Co only.
D) when the electret discharges Co and Cthe , R3 has no much use but R3+Rdie =-R2 permits temperature stability of output voltage.
E) An abrupt control of a decrease of Ir3 to maintain a constant current into Aji-Cji causes Va to decrement.
F) Differential amplifier measuring a variation of Ielectret to decrease Vab.
Fig. 7: A) tri-dimension view of cubic-conductors distribution in the Hockey posts; under clamping of Zeners, due to insertion of same polarity of electret.
B) the energy of electret voltage Vele charges Col only and not Vcoi and VCO2 =
O The shielding 85 blocks capacitance view of non-inverting input towards GNDji or the negative of Cji or Aji.
D) to avoid non-inverting input to view GNDji or the negative of Aji or Cji;
it is shielded to operate in mode IHAD.
E) Internal and external view of cubic-conductors connected to TL081 Fig. _ 8: connection of current sources and the discharge of real charges from A22 to C22.
Fig._ 9: an increase in current source on A22-C22 does not change the voltage of the remaining Aji to Cji.
Fig._ 10: an increase in voltage on the bottom and a decrease on the top of ill.; due increasing charges on Al2-C 12.
Fig._ 11: A) deposition of real charges on Dji using PMN ferroelectric.
B) On Bji are final voltages, on Dji shows the existence electrostatic electric field line loop due all negative and positive Dji are commonly connected C) Electrostatic line loop integral analysis over Dji, all inner final voltages are 9.33[V] and the corresponding inner current -.nner=
Fig. 12: A) typical hollow cubic-conductor on Aji, the emplacement of top electrode, location for coaxial cable at hole H1 using brake-adjuster; the top hp metal is 2014-09-04 21:23 Hung-guoc Dang 6132371320>> Fax Server

3 electrically connected to adjacent cubic-conductor, here A25 it is electrically connected to Al5 parallel top electrode as indicated in Fig. _14. .
B) Typical hollow Cji cubic-conductor where all four sides have dielectrics and top-electrodes.
Fig._ 13: A) typical negative Bji cubic-conductor; B) typical positive Dji cubic-conductor.
C) coaxial cable insertion, to insert and rotate then to fasten, to obtain a leading out or towards the centre of cubic-conductors orientation.
Fig._ 14: typical hollow cubic-conductors; emplacement of dielectric and top-electrodes toward adjacent cubic-conductors or metal shield.
Fig._ 15: A) layering of electret on the side, the top and bottom and in radial direction; the overalls are distributed inside the puck B) With quadrants I, II, III and IV offigure C) applied then it shows the path of voltage drops.
C) To sum the calculated electric field inside the electret on the side to yield the net applied pattern to be installed on the sides.
Fig. _ 16: A) & B) the numerous radial distribution of electrets will permit to neglect the side's layering.
Fig._ 17: 1)-2)-3) are the layering Ey, Ez, Ex over half of a sphere; and 4)-5)-6) are the same for other opposite sides.
Fig._ 18: a)-b)-c)-d)-f) are the equations of the sum of all Ex, Ey, Ez distribution of Fig._17; and the net equations over eight surfaces, are mapped in Tablej .
Tab/el: The Hockey post beam Ea along orthogonal axis beams through the sphere having eight surfaces SI to S8 with equation in Ex, Ey, Ez.
Fig._ 19: prototype of 1HPSS under linear operation with dielectric constant 300 gives C4c1i = 47.984-6[F], Fig._ 20: connection of one row of cubic-conductors; the motors speed and direction of rotation depend on the polarity and how much of electret 's energy is inserted.
Fig. _21: A), B)&C) are 3-dimensional cardboard model of hollow cubic-conductors Aji, Bji, Cji, Dji with corresponding unit vectors; see Fig._12 and Fig._13.
Fig._ 22: A) Hysteresis curve indicating the input and output energy into the ferroelectric;
B) the elliptic path has to decrease toward the origin to reset the ferroelectric.
Fig._ 23: the existence of positive feedback that Vab increases with time until break up.
Fig. _ 24: High input resistances of PNPs operating at low frequency to reset ferroelectric materials on all cubic-conductors.
Fig. _ 25: active analogue outputs, controlled by D/A 's, to reset remnant polarisation of Dji, Bji, Cji, Aji; to be inputted to Fig._24.
Fig._1 shows the overall hockey goal, the invented sensors are located inside the two existing posts, with the same diameter, with a slight change in length toward the back of an additional of about three centimetres. The top plates 1 on the two posts are unscrewed in order to insert the sensors or the rectangular device. The coaxial cables 2 are going out of the sensors, through the top Horizontal-Front-Bar 3, through the Middle-Horizontal-Bar 4 in non metal material such as carbon graphite, through the Vertical-Back-Bar 5 and into the electronic components 6. The electronic components are protected against external mechanical shocks by insulation of rubbers PAGE 317 RCVD AT 91412014 8:54:11 PM [Eastern Daylight Timer SVR:F00003110 DNIS:3905 CSID:Hung=Quoc Dang DURATION (mmis):01=34

4 or springs. The batteries of typical I2V as the power source. In order to provide a clear view into the net e.g. no obstruction view due to light bulbs etc..., the IHPSS
uses an antenna 7 to transmit all the operational electrical signal status to the central which will view on a screen the operation of sensors such that the transition of the puck in the neighbourhood of 3DGLVA will be depicted on the screen. The frame remains in metal. The plate 8 protecting the beaming fields is in carbon graphite.
The sketch shows the electric field beams from inside one post to another and the beam vectors are changing 180-degree direction along a path on the x-y plane.
And 9 is one of the thin electret distributed in radial inside the puck, there are thin electrets on the surfaces of UnitVector n1 and none on the surface of UnitVector rl. This is the configuration of the Fig. _16a)-b).
When the eleciret, inside the puck, intersects the electric field beam Eo will cause a variation in electric potential energy inside the beam Eo boundaries thus the Op-Amp device will give out signals. The device responses mostly only to the inserted electric fields because Co is small compares to its parallel capacitors.
In Fig. 1, the beams Eo emanate from post to post are to produce the quiescent voltage of about volts. Whereas very high electric field beams are confined inside the post for the objective to provide the wanted capacitance charges and they are beamed in the x and y direction. _) { Fig._2 shows the top view, on the most rightward scale, the position of antenna 7 which can be anywhere depending to its applications, the location of batteries and printed-board circuit 10.
The insertion of the rectangular device or the sensors is easier when the posts are in horizontal position e.g. the top plates I are removed as well as a partly Horizontal-Front-Bar 3, the net is inclined to the back and thus positioning the posts to the horizontal, a few electrical plug-in are made inside the Horizontal-Front-Bar 3. _1 { Fig. _3 shows the Rectangular-Device 11 containing the sensors, each cell is a hollow cubic-conductor with positive and negative electric charges as indicated. The sketch demonstrates that the low DC electric fields are uniformly beaming in z-direction. Very high DC electric fields are beaming perpendicularly to the surface of each cell in x-directions and y-directions those fields are created due to ferroelectric materials. The sketch is in scale with the use of Lead Lanthanum Titanate (PLT) from reference [1], the height is truncated, the rectangular device is locating inside the right post at negative z-position. Each cell corresponds to a cubic-conductor Aji, as indicated in Fig._8, where Bji are not drawn here. The sizes of the cell are ax2a xb where a= 1E-2m and b-4E-2m, the high DC fields exist on surfaces of dimension 2a xb on each cell with El =250 [KV/cm], D1=1.19452E-1 [C/m2], the corresponding capacity of one cell Aji to the other opposite cell Cji is CACji = 33.4467 [fin for axaxb cubic-conductor size calculated and CAC, = 33.4467* (6/4) = 50.1701 bin for the a x2a xb cell with the presence of Bji and Dji cubic-conductors injunction. _}

{ Fig. 3 shows the Rectangular-Device 11 is composed of the Front-L-Strip 12 in carbon graphite to reduce the weight effect, the Back-L-Strip 13 is in metal to obtain the thinnest metal layer at its bottom surface. The Open-Cube 14 is thick enough and is used to hold the cells fixed in the horizontal movement, it is drawn with 1/16 of an inch in thickness, it is insulated with any insulator 15 as Teflon to prevent accidental lived-wires contacts to it, it is in metal or non-metal.
The coaxial cables 2 leaving the cubic-conductors are held by two annular insulators 16 indicated on the Front-L-Strip 12. The Outer-Rectangular-Plate 17, in the back of the sketch and not shown, is in metal and is the electric field shield of Bji cubic-conductors and is connected to PI location which is the electric field shielding purpose location for all Aji, Cji, Bji, Dji and the coaxial cables shielding layers. The Inner-Rectangular-Plate 18 is non-metal, thin but thick enough to provide rigidity to the overall Rectangular-Device 11. In order to maintain durability the screws 19 closing the Inner-Rectangular-Plate 18 and Outer-Rectangular-Plate 17 are rotated on an axe that crosses through the Rectangular-Device 11, it is better to have the screw heads not outgrowing the Front L-Strip 12 and Back L-Strip 13. To install the cubic-conductors 20, the Outer-Rectangular-Plate 17 is connected to the Back-L-Strip 13, the cubic-conductors 20 are inserted in with its coaxial cables 2, and then the Open-Cube 14, the coaxial cables 2 are passed through the annular insulator 1610 the Front-L-Strip 12 to the annular insulator 16, the upper cushion 21 is placed, and the Front-L-Strip 12 is inserted to the teeth insertion 22, 23 with the Back-L-Strip 13, the Inner-Rectangular-Plate 18 is covered on and screwed to result the entire Rectangular-Device 11. In fact, there is a few combination of using non-metal or metal on the Rectangular-Device 11. But the Rectangular-Device 11 cannot form as a closed metal surface because of the principle that charges are reflected to the surface. And the Inner-Rectangular-Plate 18 and the Outer-Rectangular-Plate 17 cannot be formed as a single conductor because the beaming effect from the other post cannot crosses through its opposite post. If the Inner-Rectangular-Plate 18 is in metal then a layer of insulator, as Teflon, must exist to avoid the short-circuiting of one cell to another.
As sketched there are four coaxial cables 2 leaving the Front-L-Strip 12 per row of Afi cubic-conductors. The coaxial are positioning symmetrically over the projection of the surface composes of Aji and Bji (or Cji and Dji on the other side) with unit vector in y-direction. In order to save space, the Bji positive and negative cubic-conductors are connected together and leaving out the Front-L-Strip by only the anode and cathode coaxial cables.
The same as applied to Dji cubic-conductors.
The mechanical strength of the Front-L-Strip 12 in the neighbourhood of a screw 19 can be augmented by extending its material as indicated with reference 24, or the size of the screw 19 can be larger and be positioned in the centre of the Front-L-Strip 12 and its extension 24.
The 251s the spacing from the insulator 1510 the extremity of the Open-Cube 14, of 1E-2m for accounting the bending of the coaxial cables 2 with diameters of approximately 1.5E-3m.
The Back-L-Strip 13 can be thin because the Inner-and-Outer-Rectangular-Plates 17, 18 can maintain it vertically and the Front-L-Strip 12 will weight only to the region of teeth insertion 23 which has about two teeth. _I

{ Fig._4 shows the post original boundary 26 as well as the 2" goal line boundary 27 that superposes in between the first and the second column of the cubic-conductors 20. The Rectangular-Device 30 is covered by a rubber such as hockey puck rubber to absorb shocks.
The bottom rubber 28 and the top rubber 29 are slid onto the Rectangular-Device 30, then the overall is inserted to the metal post 31 by the top after the top plate 1 is removed The bottom metal plate 32 is screwed to the metal post 31 with two screws in the front and three in the back 33 along z-direction. The top plate 1 has four screws, three in the back 34 in parallel as the bottom screws 33 on the ice surface, and one in the front 35 toward the outer side of the post. The back of the Horizontal-Front-Bar 3 is flatted in x-z-plcme to not interfering with the beaming fields Eo.
At Fig._4, the square-shaped 36, is part of the top plate 1, is inserted into the post frame 31.
And the same does apply to 37.
The flexible plastic pin into the ice 38 which has a hollow cavity to cross the wire 45 and 46(0 permit the detection of arbitrary dislodging of the post - an open-circuit means the net is dislodged The pin into the ice 38 is fastened, by nut 39, to the unity piece composes of 43, 32, 37. The metal 44 has a hollow to permit the wire 45, 46 to cross in and upward The rubber 47 may be the same type as of 28, 29 but it is more flexible or it permits a path for going-out of the wire 45, 46. The whole set of 47 and 28 permit to protect water from infiltrating inside the rectangular device 30.
The reference 40 indicates the estimated area for the coaxial cables 2 that travel in z direction, the triangular metals 41, 42 are used to provide mechanical rigidity and strength to the screws 33, 34. j { Fig._5 shows the view from the bottom of the ice, the left side is an estimated size of the net if using the KTaNb03 (Potassium Niobate (ICTIV)) and Pb3MgNb209 (Lead Magnesium Niobate) and operating in the linear region of Polarisation Vs Electric-Fields curve.
The right sketch depicts the size of the post using PLT (Lead Lanthanum Titanate) operating with remnant polarisation effect. The beaming electric fields are indicated for along a row of Aji cubic-conductors. The non-metal plate 8, such as carbon graphite, protecting the Rectangular-Device 11, is slid from the top towards down onto the bottom metal plate (not indicated here but does on Fig. _4) with reference 32, this plate 8 has a small space with the rubber as well as the Rectangular-device in order to avoid mechanical shocks striking to the plate 8 and being transmitted to the Rectangular-Device 11.
At Fig. 5, the traditional post sizes are indicated by 48, 49. The 28 is the bottom rubber. A 45 degree cut indicated by 50 is used to account the bouncing back of the puck, and it occurs along x axis above the screws 33. The 420, 33 are screws to fasten the bottom plate unit, not drawn here, comprising 32, 37, and 43.

The bottom plate unity, not drawn here, comprising of 32, 37, 43 from Fig. 4 that will be screwed to the metal post along with the pin into the ice, by the screws 33, 420. The area of the pin into the ice is indicated by 51. The triangular metal 42 adds rigidity and strength of screws 33 to the metal post 31. The dotted line 52 represents the area where the bottom plate part 43 be inserted into.
The dotted half-circle 53 depicts a broadly estimated area for the x direction leading out of coaxial cables. For r=2. 4E-2m, the area A1=(1/2)z(rw2)=9.048E-4[m21, if using the available and typical heodphone coaxial cable of diameter 1.5E-3m, the area A2= n(1.5E-3/2)2= 1.767E-6[m2].
The Fig. 3 uses the height of a cubic-conductor of 2a=2E-2m, for 65 cubic-conductors in height give 65(2a)=1.3m, which is higher than the Horizontal-Front-Bar. For three columns of cubic-conductors Aji give the total number of coaxial cables of 3(65)=195 and the outer cubic-conductors Bji are internally connected and are led out with only two coaxial cables, let's rounding the sum of coaxial cables to be 200. So 200(A2)=3.534E-4[m2] which uses about 40%
op]. However the diameter of a coaxial cables of 1.5E-3m is a bit large for a Aji height of a= 1E-2m, but if using the height of a=1E-2m then it will lead out of 400 coaxial cables or using 80% of A .
{ Fig._6A)-B)-C)-D)-F) shows that it is the current source supplying the cubic-conductors Aji in conjunction with Cji. Rdie is the parallel combination of resistances on the capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4 indicated in Fig. _7. When R3+Rthe=R2 there is insurance of stability of operations with temperature variation on the Op-Amp or of the ambient temperature.
The Op-Amp needs at least 10 "IF in order to provide a view of a constant capacity Cthe, because for a small capacity it results in a virtual view of a large variation in the time constant Tdie=Rdie= C die value where Rthe=constant for fixed temperature, such that a virtual variation in Cthe causes a large fluctuation in voltage measured This virtual variation is caused by the small variation of input bias current (lad and the Zener leakage current.
When the electret is inserted as shown on Fig. 7, it causes a loop current through the Zeners only and not through the loop with Rthe since the electric fields in the dielectrics or ferroelectrics remain unchanged There is a charging or discharging of Celle can occur.
From Fig. 8 of a 3x3 set of cubic-conductors. The surface charges on the shielding are attracted; as well as the internal charges producing the inner electric fields are attracted; and thus the current source must work to produce back the static distribution of charges. Therefore the capacitor in parallel with Rdie is justified.
During breakdown of Zeners - they become a voltage source. And V2 varies with temperature but the system is triggered already and when removing the electret the Rthl td,e (the returning back) is back as before and LiV1(1,:zdV2(r).

When the reversed in polarity of an electret is inserted into Aji-Cji beaming-zone, such that the reversed Zeners are in breakdown such to cause a current flowing in the loop Zeners and Cale which, with the time, will charge the capacitors Aji to Cji, denoted as CACji . Once removing the electret, the voltage Aji-Cji will be higher. Thus the remedy to this situation is to use the Dfferential Amplifier 56 with two Voltage Followers 57, 58 as its inputs and the Voltage Followers 57, 58 are connected to the serial R3 terminals, thus the result is to measure the voltage across R3 and the output of the Differential Amplifier is connected to the Optoisolator 59 which will drive the charging voltage Vab, e.g when the reversed electret charges CACji the feed back process will decrease Vab and thus will decrease the Op-Amp current source. However, for positive polarity of insertion of the electret, the Zeners are clamping and the current in CAcji will drop below the clamped voltage such that the charging current will resume to charge CAci, =
Fig. _6A) shows the real charges deposited on Aji cubic-conductor will distributed its charge in according to its surface capacitance viewed Since Q=CV, dQ=CdV, since the capacitors Co, C1 and C2 are constant, the contribution of real charges that are distributed over the capacities of Aji are given by Q=CV for C=Co+C1+C2, and the only parameter that can vary for a constant C and Q is V, where for fixed C and Q, V
can be modified by an external force or work while its Q, C are remaining constant.
Notify that the cubic-conductors Bji and Dji not drawn for clarity ¨ sketched on Fig. _7A) are used to impose an external force to reduce the potential, in Co, Vo while the distribution on charges on other capacities that are not affected by the external force are remained idle.
Therefore, by insertion the electret 54 with polarity (+/-)Vele will not modify the capacitance value of Co but does only bringing up or down in the electric potential energy. The effect of increasing or decreasing the potential energy due to (+/-)Vele will not cause a closed loop real charges to flow in the loop of Vo, V3, VI or Vo, V2, V4, since ¨V1+ Vo-V3 0 and V2 K4-VO O.
Since the real charges on Aji are distributed according to its surface capacities viewed and only an external force or work will enable the change in potential, where the electret 54 may cause charges ¨ in Co only ¨ to charge or discharge through the clamped Zeners 76 and all other surfaces real charges are remained idle until the electret 54¨ the external work or force ¨ is removed then the total real charges on Aji are redistributed according to its surface capacities viewed In summary, the cubic-conductor Aji has the surface capacity which are at same instant constant, the deposition of real charges will be distributed according to its capacities viewed to produce the same potential. Any input of external work or forces upon x surface capacities will cause x surfaces potentials to vary, the counting of real charges over such x surfaces are done, by superposition, by addition the initial charges on x surfaces with the real charges caused by the external works or forces acting over the x surfaces. While the remaining surface capacities, are not acted by external works or forces, are having their distribution of real charges unchanged Fig. 6B) represents the capacity Co with the functionality of the Zeners 76.
At t=to, no external electric fields are brought into Co, its energy density is, w0=(1/2)DoEo [.1/m3].
At t¨ti, the external Ee1 77 is brought in but does not clamp the Zeners yet, w1=(1/2)poEo+DoEe [f/m3].
At 1=12, the Ee2 78 is inserted which causes, the clamping of 11. 1 volts, a current It2 to produce a field Eie2which cancels the potential energy of Ee2.
The energy density at t=t2 is w2=(1/2)(Do'Eo'+Do'Eel + Do Ee2}[J/m3J. Where w1= w2, WI= w2-0/2){DoEo+DoEe d=0/2){Do'Eo'+Do'Ee + Do 'Ee2]
Do/Do '¨(Eo '+ Ee l+Ee2)/(Eo+Ee Do>Do 'due to the charges that cause Eie2. So (Eo'+Ee2)+Ee j>(Eo+Ee I), and (Eo'+Ee2)>Eo.
Since the electric field is related to the voltage potential V, thus Co is unchanged in spite the insertion of the electret field Ee2 78, it is the component of the external energy Ee2 78 which causes the net charges to vary from Do to Do', Do>Do'. And so all remaining surfaces of real charges which are not acted upon by external forces will remain idle as C1 and C2 in the sketch of Fig. 6A).
Since on the sketch A) and B), the current 112 controls the clamping of the Zeners 76, where the DC quiescent current Icur will entirely flows through the Zeners 76. The flow of 112 will reduce the voltage in Co until deactivating the clamping of Zeners 76, 112 value is then zero and Vzt<11. 1 Volts, the current Icur is resumed to flow through CI and C2 on the path 70.
After removing all the electrets ¨54 and Ee I 77 and Ee2 78¨ which is a phenomena of no input of external forces or works into the capacities of Aji. The final net real charges on Co ¨ Do' from sketch B) are now taking the phenomena of Q=CV over Aji conductors, where Do '<Do some charges on C1 and C2 are travelling to Co, in about 1E-16 seconds for most metal of Aji, to result the same potential Vo=V1=V2with a transition time of about 1E-16 seconds added to the dielectric relaxation time of air or bodies, sticks... or generally all the dielectrics inside Co.
Since C1+C2+Co=C-- C i+C2 such that Vo¨Vo' where Vo is the initial quiescent voltage in Co.
From sketch B), when all the electret Ee I 77 and Ee2 78 are reversed its polarities with a larger value of Eel 7710 account a positive quiescent voltage initially in Co, 112 will reversed to charge Co, and the path of I12 does not permit Icur to flow in the Zeners 76 but Icur keeps flowing into Aji. The current It2 charges Co only and after removing all the reversed electrets ¨54 and Ee 77 and Ee2 78¨ Do '>Do where some fraction of Do' goes to C1 and C2, a neglect variation in the final voltage of Vo' and Vo '¨Vo is occurred.

In electrostatics, the measured in the voltage variation .Z1Vo of Co depends only to the external input of electric fields, independently to any initially set value of Co due to the insertion of external dielectric materials.
The utility of the wire 64 and 65 are to permit the real surfaces positive charges on 66 and 6810 cancel with the negative charges on 67 and 69. For electrostatic analysis the wire 64 and 65 can be removed¨ which will result in a beaming out of surface charges on the surface 66, 67, 68 and 69.
The electrostatics charges on Aji are distributed such to produce the same potential for all its capacities ¨ Co, CI, C2 for Vo=1/1=V2. When a body is inserted in Co ¨
assuming the body occupies totally Co ¨which will increase the value of Co. In the IEEE
transactions on Biomedical Engineering [4], the dielectric constant at 100 MHz of the human blood and spleen are 74 and 100. Co now is increased to Co' and the real charges Ci and C2 will flow into the new Co' to make Vo '=1/1=V2. Since C1 and C2 are in order of micro Farad and Co1= 100Co, using spleen dielectric constant, where typically Co=cc4o/do= co (1E-2)(2E-2)/1.85659 =
9.538E-16[Farad], Co 100Co=9.538E-14[F]. Since C1, C2 and Co are parallel capacitors and C i+C2+CO'¨C1+C2¨microfarad such that the final voltage in Vo' is about the same as initially with Vo, and Vo goes to Vo' in the order of approximately 1E-16 seconds added to the dielectric relaxation time of all dielectric materials inside Co. The insertion of the electret 54 brings only the potential energy into Co and therefore does not change the value of Co.
Additionally, there is no closed loop line integral of electric field equals zero. Because for -VI+ Vo-V3 0 since V1=V3=Vo or V2+ V4-Vo 0; therefore the bring in of a positive (or negative) increase of potential energy from the electret 54 will not cause flow of real charges from surface Co to C1 and C2 of Aft ¨ the same applies for Cji in opposite polarity of charges.
Therefore the insertion of electret 54 will not change the capacitance value of Co neither to charge or discharge Co to CI or C2. As the result the electret 54 does vary the voltage Vo independently to VI, V2, V3, V4.
The loop current 70 and 71 show the charging and discharging of the capacitor CA0, . The process of alternating the polarity on Aji and Cji is necessary to reset the remnant polarisation to near zero value.
The larger the value of Cx 72, 73 will cause a less power dissipation in the Zeners 74, 75. When G 72 is discharged, the Zener 74 is open such that the source Võ. and Võ will force currents into the G 72.
In practical situation a body cannot occupy entirely Co. But in theoretical point of view, a body or dielectric occupying Co will increase it to Co' as already mentioned that C
i+C2+CO'^-ell-C2 where Vo'¨Vo.

Sketch C) illustrates the physical connectivity of Op-Amp current source to the cubic-conductor Aji and Cji. The outer cubic-conductor Bji and Dji are not drawn and their purpose are to cause the compression effect of the electric field inside Co of Aji and Cji to result in a step down of voltage from Aji to Cji while maintaining the total real charge on Aji and Cji unchanged The sketch D) illustrates the equivalent circuit connectivity The Rdie is the parallel combination of resistance in each parallel capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4.
The resistance R3 in the sketch D) is used for analysis purpose only, as will be seen that R3 has no utility in this context, Rthl---R3+Rdie, with assumption of very large Zeners resistance, must be equal to R2 in order to obtain the insurance of stability of operation with temperature variation over the Op-Amp. Since TB] and 182 vary with temperature, and after five time constant, the increase in and 'B2 will produce VE)=--Ifj-V2=1B (Rth-R2)-= 0 for any Rthl The offset adjustment of the Op-Amp TL081 will be done internally, the maximum input voltage !Vim= = -51Veel or IVcd. The maximum differential input voltage Vipmax 30[V].
In the Fig._7A), Fig. 6C)-D) for a positive or negative insertion of the electret 54 which is then performed as an application of a voltage source in parallel to the capacitor Co where real charges on Co are flowing or are separating to permit the closed loop voltage equals to zero inside Co. When the electret 54 is inverted to become a positive electret that is slowly inserting to the Co, the resistance R3 is used for analysis purpose only, VI is increasing toward the clamping of + 11.1 volts, Icur flows to maintain the voltages to Co, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, and the inverse of electret 54 acts as a voltage source to cause the loop voltage in the loop Co, for the unclamped Zeners and R3 is not activated by electret 54.
When the inverse of electret 54 is further inserted to cause Vi to clamp to the Zeners of 11.1 volts, the Co and the inverse of electret 54 are commanding as a voltage source across terminal V1 where all the Icur will stop flowing in R3 and all will flow through the clamped Zeners, the voltage in CI, C2, C3, C4 and C5 start to drop with their time constant, the real charges in Co are discharging through the clamped Zeners ¨ small resistance value or time constant ¨ to result in a lower voltage in Co and will deactivate the clamping effect, then kur will resume to charge Aji conductors. Notify that the discharging time constant for Co is much faster than Cj, C2, C3, C4 and C5.
In the sketch Fig._6E), the curve 60 shows the current through R3 of sketch D), the curve 61 shows the current Ielectret caused by the electret 54 which clamps the Zeners Vz4, Vzs, Vz6 and charges Co by the path 55 from sketch C)-D). The curve 62 is the sum of the curve 60 and 61.
The curve 63 is the voltage of a parallel capacitor Ci which is excited only by Ir3 of the curve 60.
In Fig. _6E)-F), show that using R3 to control a constant current flowing through it by using the differential amplifier. However the resistance R3 has no use because the sketch E) shows that from 11 to 12a clamping reverse electret 54 inserted that causes a charging current flowing through loop 55 in Fig. 6D), thus the output circuit of the Optoisolator 59 controls to reduce Ir3, in the curve 60, which in turn reduce the voltage in the capacitor C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 as indicated for Vc1, in the curve 63, for C1 capacitor. After t2 and an additional offive times constant of RIC], the electret 54 is removed and the extra charges in Co are dispersed in all Co, C, C2, C3, C4, Cs.
In the sketch E) where from 13 to t4 with no use of tracking R3 voltage, there is an increase of Ir3 in the curve 60 by lelectret in the curve 62 that shows current in R3, but Vc1 in the curve 63 remains constant. After anytime t t4 the electret is removed the extra charge in Co, that is Vo, are then discharging through all Co, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 as before, thus R3 has no use because it doesn't permit to obtain the same initial voltage V as before the insertion of the electret 54 and however Co is too small comparing to its parallel capacitors CI, C2, C3, C4, C5 such that its extra charge AQo will cause a negligible final increase in voltage { Fig. _7A) shows that the electret is inserted into the uniformed beaming zone of Aji to Cji. The potential energy of the portion of an electret intersecting the beaming Eo of Aji to Cji, adding to with the potential energy of Afi-Cfi in the absence of the electret give a good accuracy of the net voltage drops in Aji-Cji by, V2 (2/Co)1-147 elearet+ WbeamEo no electred (7.1) Co is the capacitance in the volume of the beam Eo beaming uniformly from Aji to Cji, since the electret is very thin, the calculation of the capacity, only in the beaming volume, is about constant with and without the presence of the electret; that is why Co is used in the voltage equation.
Notify that the work of inserting the electret that produces the loop integral of electric field on the surface Aji to in parallel to beam Eo and on the surface Cji and back on Eo and back to the surface Aji and thus producing a net voltage from Aji to Cji with the presence of the electret;
however the voltage in the ferroelectric materials e.g. in capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4 of both Aji and Cji cubic-conductors remain idle beccruse the bound charges of the electret are not distributed on the metal surfaces of Au and Cji, also the total real charges on the Aji and Cji still idle.
For VA22-C22 which saturates the Zeners, e.g. V422-C22 ---=? 9+ 2.1=11.1[V];
Ir3 is in a discharging situation. For analysis purpose, let a small region of surfaces on Al2 and A32 toward A22, the two negative charges on A32 and A 12 produce an image of zero field in the crossing path A32 to Al2;
such that the corresponding positive two charges on A22 toward Al2 and toward A32 could be free to move to Co in air; and then the two mentioned negative charges on A32 and Ai2 are repelled to the outer surface. Another way is the current flowing out of A32 and Ai2 is constant in all time and at t=t1 IAC22 stops flowing in A22 due to V 1>11.1 [V] (by insertion of electrets) and in order to maintain continuity of current where Al2 and A32 try to draw current in opposite direction onto A22 which is not possible such that the drawing current will vary in the same decreasing rate of IAC22 ceases flowing into A22 to produce current on the outer surface of A 12 and A32. There exists at 1=11+ a static distribution of charges on A22 to Al2 and A22 to A32.
Since as mentioned that two charges (on two parallel surfaces) on A22 can be free to flow to Co of A22 such that the negative charge on Al2 and A32 are repelled each other to the outer surface (free to move on A22 because of the equipotential surface) so the total charges on A22 will be discharged through R3 with accounting the discharging in the dielectrics Cj, C2, C3, C4 and C5; and as soon as Vjj is below 11. 1[V] the current source IAC22 charges A22 and maintaining 1/11 11.1F1.
For the purpose of analysis, the ceasing offlowing current source can be view as an injection of opposite current thus the sum of 1=0 such that the opposite electrostatics distribution of charges will be used for beaming analysis.
Fig._7 A) where the equation (7.1) is justified only when the electret occupies entirely Co where the distribution of real charges on Co are unchanged from before to after the insertion of electret.
But in practice, Vele = Eek = dele where Ede and dee are the electret electric field and thickness and they are along the perpendicular path of Co surfaces. The final voltage V2f in Co is calculated with superposition principle with Ede as voltage source, the equations V01f=Vele-Y02/+V01i =Volt+ (x) Vie, V02f=V021+V02=Valf, give the final voltage V2f-V011=VO2f depending how much the electret 54 intersect Co of A ii-C and A21-C21.
Where Val and V02 are voltages in COI, CO2 (see Fig. _6C) caused only by the electret 54, since initially before the insertion of 54, the C01 and CO2 were charged with the potential Vo or let Vol, --- V021 =-Vo. Due to the superposition, the final voltages Volf, V02f, in Coi and CO2, are the same when their initial voltages, Voh and V021, are accounted As already explained previously, the electret 54 partially intersecting the Co ofAii-Cii will not change the capacity viewed ofAji or C11, and will cause the separation of charges on the surface Co of Ai I and C11 to yield the final voltage Vof. And as result, due to the unchanged of capacities viewed by surfaces of A LI and C11, all the real charges on C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 ofAij and C11 are idle, the total charges in Co are unchanged but the potential from A31 to C11 is augmenting due to the polarity of the electret 54.
The resistance R3 has the only purpose to compensate the variation of resistances of C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 OfA22 with temperature, since the resistance in C5 is very large -typically is the Teflon -thus Rthe is the parallel combination of resistance of CI, C2, C3 and Co. Thus R3 is used only for setting R3+Rthe-constant for maintaining the output voltage of the Op-Amp current source to be stable to temperature variation in &w and to the Op-Amp package case.
When the electret 54 intersect A22 and C22, all real charges in Co, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 of A22 and C22 are remained idle since all its capacity values are idle. The potential in Co is augmented until the breakdown of Zeners to flow the discharge of Co by the path 79 which forces the current IAC22flow in a loop and the total real charges on C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 started to discharge while the discharging current 79 is still in transition where during this transition Co is independent of CI, C2, C3, C4, C5 due to the external input of work from the electret54 which causes only the real charge in Co to flow on the path 79 to null to the electret 54 potential energy. During this transition, all charges in CI, C2, C3, C4, C5, which are in parallel, can discharge completely while the discharging in the path 79 still occur. After some instant of discharging in the path 79, the potential in Co is decreasing to deactivate the clamping of Zeners where IAC22will resume to flow into A22 and out of C22. At this instant, for a high electret value Vele, the real charges in Co can be negative on A22 and positive on C22 for the potential A22-C22 being positive.
After removing the electret 54 from A22-C22, there is no external force to change the potential of A22 or C22 surfaces, the total real charges on C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and Co of A22 are redistributed according to its capacitance viewed¨ the same is happened for C22 - with the account of the compression effect made by B22 and D22 which brings real charges of A22and C22 into their C5 capacities which are maintained initially and during quiescent operation of the system of Aji-Cji cubic-conductors.
Fig. 7D) where since many GNDji's can be near together, the 83 connection to P1 can be the overall metal case of the printed circuit board The 84 is the metal box closed at the bottom and opened on the top that is in ¨n direction, 85 is the metal box that covers 84 and is opened in +n direction and has the top that covers 84 (not drawn). At the bottom of 84 has a metal glue that is gluing it to a metal plate with the same dimension as 85, that is perpendicularly projected on the plane m-1, thus when this metal plate is screwed by screws 86 will form a closed metal box containing the Op-Amp TL081.
Since the shield of the coaxial cable 2 connecting to Aji is electrically connected to the net metal box 84 and 85 that the metal type can be the same or better conductor comparing to the coaxial shields 2.
The printed circuit board 87, where the TL081 is soldered to it, is depositing inside the box 84 with the insulators 88 which are maintaining the board 87stab1e in n chrection. In fact the insulators 88 exist on the top and the bottom of the printed board 87 such that when the top metal box 85 is covered to the box 84, where the inner top surface of 85 is touching the insulators 88 thus to maintain the board 87 fixed The insulators 91 can be only at the bottom or at the bottom and top of the printed board 8710 maintain the printed board exit terminals V õ õ, Vcc, Void and ¨Ve, fixed in (+/-)n movements and to permit the entrance of the coaxial cable 2.
The insulation 88 or 91 can be of hard or soft material and in rubber or plastic.
The metal part 891s a part of the box 84 but has a certain height to permit the shield of coaxial cable 2 to be soldered on and its core to be soldered on the board 87.
The plastic 90 is first in two pieces parallel to the plane m-1. The coaxial cable 2 is depositing in between them and the three parts are glued together. The total set 90 with the coaxial cable 2 is lowered over the board 87. As it is indicated the set is not fixed in the positive +m direction where when the top metal box 851s covered, it has a hp pointed in positive n direction that will be touching to the front of the set 90 thus to maintain it fixed in all directions.

In summary, the metal box 84 is unclosed on the top (in negative n direction) the bottom of the metal box 84 is glued to its bottom plate which has the same boundaries as 85.
The Op-Amp TL081 soldered to the printed board 87 is lowered inside the metal box 84. The plastic 90 glues the coaxial cable 2 in between it and the overall is inserted on the printed board 87 with the coaxial shield 2 and its core soldered to metal 89 and the Op-Amp non-inverting input terminal (3). The metal 92 is electrically glued to the metal box 85 and is connected to an ordinary wire which will be connected to the P1 location, e.g. the shielding location to remove surface static charges. The metal box 84 and 85 have an opening for the exit of pins +V cc, -Vee, Vmv Vout =
The three screws will fasten the overall set to the main printed board { Fig. 7C), shows that after the electrostatic charges are reached, the cancellation of the current inside RA] will, after an interval of time, cause a view of capacities by the wires to the metal box 85 and are represented by the parasite capacities C pi and C3 which are having the same potential. The Cpi and C,,3 are on each side of RAI viewing to metal box 85 and is not drawn. When the current in RA] is resumed ¨ and due to the voltage source (+/-)Vab ¨ the metal part on each side of RA] ¨ e.g. a part of one polarity terminal of previously mentioned on each Cpi and C3 ¨ are captured to become the parasite capacity C p2 .
In spite that of the GNDji which are all in parallel and may be clustered together but due to other circuit as the Op-Amp-Summer needs its ground GND, and therefore each GNDji are better located near its current source Op-Amp TL081.
All GNDji will be inhibited to view to a capacity by cover all the electronic circuit with the overall metal case which is in turn connected to P1 location, this process is not drawn on Fig. _7C) but it is represented by 83 on Fig. 7D)-E).
The entrance of all negative coaxial cable 2 toward their GNDji, where each wire of GNDji must not view, through leakage openings, their corresponding positive Co metal surfaces on Aji and In this sketch C), the remaining elements ¨ motors, transistors... are from the Fig. 20. _1 { Fig. _7E) shows that the current leaving Vcc is constant for a constant operation point everywhere in the circuit.
Since VcE(Q25)=-Vas.0 + Vcc , let's assuming VCEQ25 is fixed therefore Vcs(J3)=constant which causes DS 13=constant which in turn provides a constant current in the base of Qs, Q7 and 25= A constant current in the base of Q25 produces a constant collector current to result a constant VGA).
A constant current in the base of Q8 causes a constant current at the collector of Qi and the base of Q6. The base current, VCEQ6= 4/EBQ 1 VcC V ee =constant, of Q1 is fixed also because of VCEQ I¨constant due to VCEQ8+ VCEQ1=Vcc+ Vee All base currents of Q3, Q4, Q5, Q. and Qi go to the emitter of Q6 such that the base current of Q6 drives Q3, Q41 Qs) Q2 and Qi as a current source with the assumption that at an instant, all VcE of Q3, Q4, Q5, Q. are constant such that their constant base current will cause their constant emitter currents.
From the bipolar transistor Eber-Moll equation for Ic and IE ,for constant parameters in the equations, they vary with temperature.
At the inputs, V1n¨Vcs(J2) - Vv0(J1). At the same instant, for VGs(J2) and VGs(.11) in constant values will cause their Drain currents also constant. A constant collector current in Q3 leads to the constant Gate currents in Ji and J2. It is known that these Gate currents are augmented with temperature. As in Vm(Ji) with referencing the gate of f1 with same negative polarity indicated as inverting input terminal (2) of TL08 1 and Vm(Ji) means a potential with respect to the gate of J .
Thus when an electret is inserted which is to force a flow of charge from Aji to the terminal (3) of Op-Amp then ills not possible because of the sum of current at the Gate of J2and the current in R1 . Or Aji views and infinite resistance toward the terminal (3) of Op-Amp.
When the electret is reversed to force a flow of positive charge from Cji on the path di toward terminal (7) then it's not possible because the terminal (7) is an inlet of a constant flow of charges.
As the result, in the concern of insertion of the electret, Aji and Cji will view as an open circuit with terminal (3) and GNDji. And in the absence of the coaxial shield of 2 and the metal case 85, Co is much smaller then the parasite capacitance along the wires of Afi to Cji as well as the terminal (3) with the GNDji through the TL081 plastic case. Such that a very high Vele will be needed in order to augment the voltage of the non-inverting input to GNDji.
Thus with the presence of the coaxial shields from 2 and the metal case 85.
Since Vele will not cause charges on Aji to build up on the core inside the coaxial 2, since the core is parallel to other C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5 which are also invariant due to Vele. And the same applies over Cji.
The GNDji is inhibited to view to the Co of Au by the metal case 83 connected to PI location.
Therefore the Op-Amp terminal (3) cannot view a capacity with GNDji ¨ due to the metal case 85, the terminal GNDji cannot view the Co surface of Afi. Thus the potential from the non-inverting terminal to GNDji is Vo with the Vele component. It is the principle of an Infinite Input Impedance to Amplifiers Device (IHAD).
Since in theory, Bji and Dji permit the compression effect of electric fields of Aji to Cji thus to result in augmenting the capacity from Aji to Cji or Op-Amp terminal (3) to GNDji. Since the terminal (3) cannot have a voltage exceeding Vcc or ¨Vee, since its VIDR----(+/-)151V1 for TL081.
That is the magnitude of the terminal (3) voltage must not exceed the magnitude of the supply voltage or 15 volts, which ever is less.
Therefore, for (+/-)Vele that may cause Vo to exceed the allowable values. The function of Eji and Fji is to decrease the net voltage resulted with Vele, that is Vo. The activation of this effect is caused by IEFJ; which is triggered when the output Op-Amp terminal (6) is near the saturated +/-voltages and will feed back its signal to command the magnitude and direction of IEFJ, .
In summary, first when the quiescent voltage Vo, under the compression effect of Bji and Dji, where Vo+ (+/-Vele) is smaller in magnitude to the specified VIDR of TL081 then the set Aji, Bji, Cji and Dji can operate alone. Secondly, if the Vo+ (+/-Vele) magnitude value will exceed the specified VIDR then the additional set Eji and Fji are needed to avoid damaging the 11.08 1.
Third, the Eji and Fji can be ignored if (+/-Vele) is in very large value and the bi-directional Zeners are placed at the terminals non-inverting and GNDji.
The overall set of cubic-conductors Aji, Bji, Cji, Dji, Eji and Fji with the metal shielding 85, 83 ¨
indicated in Fig. _7E) permit the feature of an Infinite _Input Impedance _to Amplifiers_Device (IIIAD). A typical example is, for an initial external uniform electric field Ez with very weak in strength. The device sketched in Fig. E) comes to intersect this Ez. Any heat loss due to the flow of charges inside the cubic-conductors on their surfaces are done by the external energy that brought in the device to intersect with Ez.
Thus Ez is producing its potential in space, and some of this energy is used to produce E=0 inside a closed metal surface. And for the not shielding process in z-direction of the Aji, Bji, Cji, Dji, Eji and Fji. This weak value Ez times an arbitrary distance do of Co from Aji to Cji will produce a sufficient voltage that the Op-Amp TL081 will further amplify it.
If there is a shielding process in z-direction of the Aji, Bji, Cji, Dji, Eji and Fji, then the Co surfaces of Aji and Cji must be extended in x or y direction in order to interact with the beam Ez.
At least one side is needed to interact with the beam Ez. The extended part on both Aji and Cji can be made much larger that the former Co surfaces then it is the best.
Essentially the amount of potential energy of Ez that is acquisitioned will determine the voltage from the terminals non-inverting-input to GNDji.
{ The electrical characteristics of Infinite Input Resistance _to Amplifiers Device (IIRAD).
The utility of the IIRAD is, when it is connected at an input to any existing amplifiers then the existed amplifiers are becoming the Virtual Infinite Input _Resistance Amplifier (VIIRA).
For an electric field signal Eo of any frequencies and embedded in any non-conducting medium that is presented to the IIRAD then the VIIRA will be able to acquisition the exact waveform of it even for very weak value of Eo. The response time of IIRAD is equal to the propagation time of Eo, therefore the cut off frequencies are caused by the today's amplifiers connected to it.
Since the VIIRA measures only the strength of Eo and any heat production in this process is caused by the external energy that brought in the VIIRA to intersect with the potential energy of Eo. Or in another words, the VIIRA is an ideal amplifier.
At the output of the IIRAD, the signal is not amplified, the voltage is, Vo[V r---(EofV/m]) (do[m])+ (1/C[F]) (DeltaI[A]) (t[sec]) DeltaI[A] is the uncontrollable current that varies with temperature. As the maximum variation by temperature of the Input Bias Current for TL081 is about 100nA.
C[F] is the capacitor of the HRAD which is arbitrary set in size. For C=10/.1[F], using PLT
dielectric, the size is two cubes of dimension 3x3x4[cm=cm=cm] each and are separated by the arbitrary distance do[m].
The undulation part of Vo is not avoidable with the today's amplifiers designing. And in addition to its undesirable parasite capacitors that, with futility, store the signal energy.
The voltage at the output of MAD, Vo[V], shows the exact Eo[V/m] is acquisitioned and scaled by arbitrary do[m]. I suspect that there are means to set Deltal[A] close to zero with today's technologies. And the size of C[F] will get smaller depending on the ferroelectric material.
{ The electrical characteristics of Infinite Input Impedance_to Amplifiers_Device(ILIAD). The utility of the HRAD is, when it is connected at an input to any existing amplifiers then the existed amplifiers are becoming the Virtual Infinite Input Impedance Amplifier (VIIIA).
For an electric field signal Eo of any frequencies and embedded in any non-conducting medium that is presented to the IHAD then the VIIIA will be able to acquisition the exact waveform of it even for very weak value of Eo. The response time of MAD is equal to the propagation time of Eo, therefore the cut off frequencies are caused by the today's amplifiers connected to it.
Since the V7IIA measures only the strength of Eo and any heat production in this process is caused by the external energy that brought in the VIIIA to intersect with the potential energy of Eo. Or in another words, the VIIIA is an ideal amplifier.
At the output of the IHAD, the signal is not amplified, the voltage is, Vo[V1¨(Eo[V/m]) (do[m])+ (1/C[F]) (Delta I[A]) (t[sec]) Delta![A] is the uncontrollable current that varies with temperature. As the maximum variation by temperature of the Input Bias Current for TL081 is about 100nA.
C[F] is the capacitor of the IIL4D which is arbitrary set in size. For C-10 fi[F], using PLT
dielectric, the size is two cubes of dimension 3x3x4[cm=cm=cm] each and are separated by the arbitrary distance do[m].
The undulation part of Vo is not avoidable with the today's amplifiers designing.
In the case of an IIL4D, that is from the HRAD with using the shielding techniques, the IHAD is obtained. And signal energy is stored in Co of arbitrary value, even smaller than the parasite capacitors of a few Pico[F].

The voltage at the output of HIAD, Vo[V], shows the exact Eorti/m] is acquisitioned and scaled by arbitrary do[m]. I suspect that there are means to set Deltal[A] close to zero with today's technologies. And the size of C[F] will get smaller depending on the ferroelectric material. _}
{ The Fig. _6A)-B) shows the Electret inserted into Co which is the capacitor with surfaces that Aji is in parallel to Cji in the x-y plane. The figure shows the Zeners 76 that have their parasite capacity Cpf4pF much larger than Co; the situation when the Zeners 76 are used is when the noise is large that the wanted signal had to be set larger than the noise that the sum in voltage will be suppressed by Cp+Cop - or an added external capacitor across Cp.
The value of Co is, Co¨co. a = 2a/do--9.5381317E-16[F], with a=lcm and do-1.85659m as separation distance of the Hockey posts.
In order to reduce Cp of Zeners 76, they are removed and the two Zeners 22V
with one from non-inverting input to Vcc and the other to Vee. The used of Zeners are to clamp and to protect excessive voltage presented to Op-Amp. The parasite capacitors across the two 22V Zeners aren't drawn and act as current source presented to cubic-conductor Aji because they are in parallel to the Vcc, Vee. When the Electret occupies largely the Co or the voltage in Co increases such to clamp one of the Zeners that will deactivate their current source behaviour;
the result is the inputted of Electret energy will cause the current flow through Co only or the energy is dispensed to charge Co and the magnitude of voltage in Co will be clamped; thus the input voltage range VIDR of the TL081 is protected Let's analysis the case of Infinite Input Impedance to Amplifier Device (IHAD), where with the shielding techniques that inhibit the capacitance view from non-inverting input to GNDji nor the positive side of Co to GNDji and the Zeners 76 don't exist - this is explained in Fig 7B)-C)-Then from figure, the Electret in Co2 acts as a voltage source in Co2 and will cause a same current flow to Col, Vol +Vo2¨Vele (1) Col¨Co(1-x), x>0 (2) Co2=Co = x (3) From Q¨CV, Vele¨Qo1( 1/Col + 1/Co2) (4) Qol¨Vele .Col = Co2 /(Col+Co2) (5) The same current of Qo2 flows in Col or -Qo2=Qol ;
Vol ¨Qo 1 /Co 1 =Vele (x) (6) Vo2=-Qol/Co2=-Vele(1-x) (7) From (5) in (6), Vol =Vele (Co2)/(Co1 + Co2) (8) The current leaves Co2, so Vol Vo2I+Vele (9) The equations (6) and (8) represent the voltage variation across Co when the Elec fret is inserted under the case of HIAD. Or in another word, the parasite capacity from non-inverting input and the positive side of Co to GNDji aren't existed, that is Cp=0.
For the situation of Infinite Input Resistance_to Amplifier Device(IIRAD), if the capacitance viewed from non-inverting input and the positive side of Co to GIVDji are existed - because they are not inhibited by shielding techniques, then their corresponding parasite capacity exists; and each of them are parasite parallel capacitors of value Cp.f0 in parallel to Co. Under this condition, with or without the Zeners 76 there is a Cp where let's imposing Col *¨Col +Cp, Vol *=Vele(Co2)/(Col * Co2) (10) The equation (10) corresponds to the case of IIRAD.
For example, Vele=5V, Ao=a(2a)=20E-3[m] =10E-3[ml, the projection of Electret onto Co of surface Ax¨(1E-31-m1)2 then, x¨Ax/Ao=5E-3 (11) That is when the Electret located inside the Puck touches Co of lmm square will produce a voltage variation Vol, from (6), Vol= Vele =x =5(5E-3)=0.025V
With a gain G=100, the amplifier output will have 100(0.025)=2.5V and is the case of IIIAD.
The gain value depends on the noise signal, for Sm¨Vele+Snoise and Sour¨G(Vele+Sõ.). The G(Sno,,e) value must not saturate the amplifier output voltage.
For the situation of IIRAD where the distance from non-inverting input to GNDji - or the positive side of Co to GNDji - is of about do=1.85659m to yield a capacity Cp that would be smaller than Col, then let's Cp¨Col. From (10) with Col *¨Col+Cp=2Col, from (2) and (3), Col 41-5E-3)Co=(0.995)9.5381317E-16=9.49044E-161F1 Col *-2Col = 1.898088E-15[F]
Co2¨(5E-3)Co-4.76907E-18[F]
Vol *¨Vele(4.76907E-18) / (1.898088E-15+4.76907E-18) =0.01253V for the case HRAD.
So Vol(1114D)=0.025V and Vol *(IIRAD)=0.01253V have a ratio of about two. If the Zeners are connected as 76, the Cp would be about 2pF and such situation will happen if the noise is very large where the Cp will attenuate the voltage.
{ The Fig. _7B) illustrates the absence of the shielding the electric fields are beaming out of Aji-Cji and out of the coaxial cables. Since with or without the shielding process the internal real charges distribution are the same, therefore the removal of this process on the sketch will facilitate the analysis intentions.
An initial deposition of real charges on A22 and C22. All voltages are equal, V1=V2= Vo1=1/02 Vcoj=VCO2=-V3=V4 , with the neglect of Bji and Dji which lower Vo. And V02 is parallel to Voi =
In general, C=Q/V, the capacitance viewed by A22 or C22 are constant, their real charges are constant which means that their potentials are also constant.
When the electret is inserted in Co, it doesn't change the value of Q on A22 and C22, and therefore the potentials viewed by the metal surfaces of A22 or C22 must not changed. Except in Co where Vele causes a flow of charge along the closed loop integral of electric field on the paths lAc22 to result in equal voltage of Vo and Vol =
When Vele is inserted with positive polarity the voltage Vo is raised and will not cause real charges to flow to increase in Vcoi since Vcol and VI=V2 are parallel capacitors. If Vcoi is augmented then VI and V2 are also augmented and it is not the case since the total charge on A22 is fixed, but rather to cause charges to flow on the paths 1,4c22 to maintain the equality of voltage of equipotential surfaces viewed by Co.
In fact, the flow of charges along 1Ac22 causes the redistribution of charges along the capacitance viewed of A22 to CO2 which is along segment IC1 that views a capacity to K2 The core segment in Van and VCO2 view their metal shields and not the equal-voltage potential metal of their corresponding opposite polarity. And as consequence, the flow of charges along the loop lAC22 causes the same final potential of Vo¨Vol . The advantage of having the coaxial shields is to reduce the value of the core capacity Coi -The terminals of C01 are connected to an infinite resistance of the Op-Amp current source which measures the voltage at C01, therefore making Coi << Co is better.

When the core K1 is reduced to be hidden inside the shield as indicated at 82, then K2 with Co of C22 will form the opposite capacity surface to a single surface Co of A 22.
This situation is ameliorated but some fields leaving K2 10 Co of Anwon't be interacting with Vele. And when K2 is shielded too then the capacity measured by the Op-Amp current source will be of only Co By analysing of Aji, Cji cubic-conductors where for surfaces of Aji viewing to Aj(i+ I) and Aji viewing to Aj(1-1) where the electrostatic closed loop of electric field permits to analyse that from Fig. _7B) where the real charges on A22 are inducing towards parallel plates of V1 and V2 which beam up and down with beam equation of a normal surface electric field of a[C/m2J /
e0[F/m1 because the parallel capacitor has such equation and the surface coulomb distribution is also constant to produce the line integral of electric field from metal plate to metal plate, such as of VI and V2, with same separation distance so does produce the same surface charge density. The same is applied for the case of analysis in they-direction.
{ The Fig. _7D) shows the coaxial core of Aji is connected to non-inverting input of the TL081, the coaxial core and the non-inverting terminal are hidden and are inhibited to view over the Co of Cji and its GNDji wire terminal.
The GNDji is inhibited to view to the Co of Aji by the metal case 83 connected to P1. Notify that when the case 83 is not connected to P1 then GNDji terminal still cannot view to Co of Aji such that the electret inserted inside Co will cause charges on Co to displace only on Co surfaces of Aji and Cji. But during quiescent operation, the static charges on Cji will cause also static charges on GNDji terminals which beam outside the metal case 83 and therefore the connection of it to P1 is to remove static surface charges field Additionally, notify that in terms of conservative static closed loop voltage equation, where typically, two parallel charged wires with one partially has a cylindrical shield then the insertion of electret cannot perform the closed loop voltage over the section of the wire shielded by the cylindrical metal.
Also without details analysis and at a brief glance, the Op-Amp can be protected using two serial 22V Zeners in parallel to Vcc and Vee with the mid-connection to the non-inverting input as analogously to the descriptions of section mentioning the Fig. _6A)-B) and Fig. _7B); and the Zeners are inside the shield 85. _}
{ The Fig. _7E), the Aft and Cji permit to obtain the capacity(Farad) needed by the current source. The Bji and Dji permit to arbitrary set the final quiescent voltage in Co and to permit the ferroelectric capacitors C 1,C2,C3,C4 to be set on the hysteresis curve the point of highest capacitance value. The Eji alone permit to suppress Vo[V1 amplitude to protect the Op-Amp.
when excessive electric potential energy is brought inside Co.
From Fig. _7E), the point Vin is blocked from viewing toward GNDji by the shield denoted 85 which is connected to P1 location that is a location to remove surface charges that beamed away from the system. Since Co, C1...C5 are in parallel, the insertion of the electret in Co does not change the net final charges on Co, C1... C5. Since C=Q/V, for Q and C fixed, the external electrical force can change V Therefore the electret provides the electrical energy to Co only, which will tend to satisfy the conservative law of static electric field by attempting to flow the charges to Vin that cannot view the GNDji in order to cause the flow of charges. And at Vin the capacity view is as in parallel with C1,C2,C3,C4,C5where the inserted electrical energy does not applied to them where from Q=CV the voltage of Vin,C1,CIC3,C4,Cs are unchanged Therefore the insertion of electret will not change the net charges on Co and due to the current source, the device has an infinite input resistance and an arbitrary small input capacity Co, and the voltage in Vo will vary depending on the polarity of the inserted electric field _1 ( From Fig. 7E), Fig._7B)-D) and Fig. 7C). The 2 are the coaxial cables, 85 are the shields, the 83 are used to not permit the view of capacitance of Aji surfaces toward GNDji and Cji toward Vin.
{ When making the IIRAD having an infinite input resistance with higher input capacity by using the Zeners parasite capacities or with the addition of capacitors across them. For a signal with noise, the device will discriminate the signal from the noise when the electric field signal amplitude is higher than the noise, the mentioned capacitors will lower the voltage in Co. The corresponding drawings applying to increase higher input capacity are:
Fig._7A)-B)-C)-D)-E), Fig. 6A)-B), Fig. 20 and Fig. _2. _I
( Fig._8 shows current sources connected to Aji-Cji and they are as indicated in Fig._6 The surfaces of each cubic-conductors denoted by C1, C2, C3 and Clare capacitors using ferroelectric materials and operate in both cases of linear and with remnant effect on the curve Polarisation Vs Electric-Fields. For this IHPSS, the real model exhibits the remnant effect and the prototype with a larger scale uses the linear behaviour.
The Op-Amp current sources need at least 10 fiF from Aji to Cji, e.g. CAci, .
Since C=Q/V, to increase C must increase Q and thus the presence offerroelectric is justified with its high polarisation values, V is reduced by beaming electric field from Bji to Dji conductors, thus the net result in the equation is C is increased by two means - increasing Q and reducing the potential V. Thus as long as the ferroelectric or any dielectric materials can handle its internal electric fields, while increasing the charges Q and while decreasing the potential V to any measurable value, the total real charges on Aji and Cji are reaching infinite and thus the result is the obtainment of an infinite capacitor CACfi -The matrix Aji must have j and i in odd number which permit the effect of capacity behaviours.
From the sketch, let all cubic-conductors uncharged and transferring only charges from C22 to A22. The net induced charges on the electrostatic shields of Aji with Bji and Cji with Dji are in the same in number and of opposite polarity such that a conductor 93 conducting the two shields do neutralize external surface charges or no electric fields beam to the outside.
The capacity Co is very small, calculated over the volume made by the beams, in air, Eo of one pair Aji-Cji. And as will be seeing later that the operation of Bji, Dji as the compression of electric fields to Aji-Cji that the material used in Cs - between Bji and Aji, Dji and Cji - is about the same dielectric constant as of Co to facilitate the compressing process, it is also to have a linear behaviour during operation in C5 such that the capacitive charges will reduce to zero when the voltage reduces to zero where this situation is less complex than with the remnant effects in C5. However at the first glance, even the remnant effect is presence, it is still permitting the compression effect and these analysis are not explicated here and the electronic setting will be more complex too.
The shielding of coaxial cables 80, 81 are all connected to P1 location - all the shields, e.g., coaxial cables and the overall two shields 94, 95 of Aji, Bji, Cji and Dji -thus resulting in zero static electric fields beaming out the coaxial cables 80, 81. Since the leakage in the coaxial on the anode side Offers from the cathode side which results in an accumulation of static charges on one side of the coaxial cable, and the fact that all the current sources are drawing charges from the same battery and that the sum of total charges on Aji, Bji, Cji, Dji are zero, the connection of coaxial shields with the shields of Aji, Bji, Cji, Dji is justified to shield all the electric field; thus in electrostatics there is beams Eo, in air, from Aji to Cji; and elsewhere in air there is no electric fields beaming out from the overall shields; the metal use for the purpose of shielding is better made of highest conductivity comparing to the metal materials that produce the electric fields that are to be shielded because the speed of neutralizing outer surface charges is higher than the speed to build the electric fields that are to be shielded As showing on A22 Of two positive charges on C1 to C4. Which by Gauss's law the induced charges are occurring on C2 of A32 and G4 of A 12 which produces on the shield of two positive induced charges in the back 96 and two positive induced charges in the front 97, and because the same is happening on C22 which results in the induced of negative charges in the back 98 and in the front 99 such that the mentioned four induced positive charges on the shield 95 of Aji are neutralized with four induced negative charges on the shield 94 of Cji. The same identical analysis is applied to the other perpendicular direction e.g. the result of beaming causes by C
and C3 of A22.
To demonstrate that A22 is discharging to C22 as a capacitor. Because of odd number of cubic-conductors in a direction of x and y. Let considering that the outer shielding charges are neutralized by a wire 93 connecting the two metal cases where the outer induced charges are indicated by an encircling of two charges. To view the discharging process, all the case surface charges are zero, all the electric fields are confined inside the case e.g.
the fields exist between two metal surfaces and not elsewhere - in this context. The two induced charges on C2 of A32 and C4 of 2112 are virtually beaming each other thus there is a virtually no beaming effect going from C2 OfA32 to C4 OfAI2 but their charges stayed there due to the real charges of the surfaces C2 and Cg OfA 22, so the real charges on C2 and C4 of A22 are located with no external field applied on it - due to virtual zero field from C2 OfA32 to C4 Of A j2, and the real charges on A22 can discharge freely to C22. Charges on A22 are discharged such that everywhere on its six surfaces will view the same potential. When the two real charges on C2 and C4 OfA22 are discharged, the two negative induced charges on C2 of A32 and C4 of An are repelled up to the surface of An and A32 e.g they are repelled to C2 OfA j2 and C4 of A32, and due to the existence of two positive induced charges already there on C2 OfAj2 and C4 of A32which result in zero charges on C2 Of Al2 and C4 of A32. The two induced negative charges already there just inside the shielding facing Al2 and the same to the two induced negative charges already there just inside the shielding facing A32 from which they are again repelled each other to go on the surface of the shielding. Since the other side occurs the same phenomena which will result in the same surface charges with opposite polarity such that the wiring connecting 93 the two metal shield-case 94, 95 permit the surface charges to neutralized each other.
Where finally, all the fields in y-direction along Al2, A22 and A32 are zero.
The same is applied to the direction of C1 and C3 Of A22 and thus once A22 is completely discharged to C22 there is no electric fields nowhere.
In between Bji and Aji as well as for Cji and Dji there exists an insulator of linear dielectric as Teflon. The same insulation is applied for the surfaces in between Dji with its UnitVectDji to the shield 94 in x-y plcme, the same is as for Bji.
{ Fig. 9 shows the flow of current pattern. Using the Lead Magnesium Niobate (PAIN) -reference 121 The resistance of a surface axb is Rd1=3.125E5[14, to maintain at 10V the current is 1611-3.2E-5[A] and the current flow of four times because of 4 surfaces C1, C2, C3, C4 (neglecting the current through Teflon) so the current enters Aji is 41d1=1ACji=1.28E-4[A] in DC.
For example, all 1ACji are equally in DC, IA C12 is increased, thus the voltage view by Al2 surfaces are equally increase as well as the voltage Al2-C12. The increase in charges on Al2 cause an orthogonal beaming of electric fields in x, y and z from its surface, the z-direction beaming affects only to B12, Al2, C12, D12 where all other Aji (ji12) are idle such that the potential Al2-C12 increases and all other potential Aji-Cji remain idle.
For example, when IA C12 increases the electrostatic charges on Al2 increases which beams evetywhere on its six surfaces. By analyzing in one y-direction, the beaming effects raise the potential A22-Al2 and reduce the potential A22-A32, and since charges on A32 are negative, and increase the potential shielding-to-A32. So the current transferring into A22 remain the same since the current is increased to A22-A32 but the same amount is decreased to A22-A32 thus IA C22 remains constant. And the current 1AC32 is also constant because the decrease in current A22-A32 is compensated by the increase of current from shielding-to-A32. Since the charges are transferring from one side to another between Aji and Cji, the production of surface charges on the shielding 94, 95 are in the same amount but opposite polarity such that the conductor 93 connecting the two metal shielding produces electrostatically zero surface charges on the shielding 94, 95. _I
{ Fig._10 shows the analysis made on Cji. For all current IACji equally, let JAG 12 be larger, the sketch shows the IACHTop is reduced in the same amount as IAC13)307Tom is increased due to the beaming effect of C12. Thus 1AC 12 causes also a decrease in potential in C6from outer shielding 94 to D12 in z-direction, thus causing a positive charge in z-direction on the shielding 94 which will be neutralized with the induced charge (not drawn) on the outer shielding 95 in z-direction of B12.

{ Fig. 11A)-B)-C), the three sketches demonstrate how the cubic-conductors Bji and Dji are operated to provide the compression of electric field effects, thus the result of these effects leads to higher value of capacitance from Aji to Cji and thus the size of cubic-conductors Aji, Bji, Cji and Dji can be greatly reduced All negative and positive cubic-conductors are connected together in Dji and Bji(not shown on Bji for clarity). The potential in Bji are in a transition stage since in between the positive and the negative have 10[V] and 7.99[V]. The compression of electric fields effects is drawn on Aji of its Co or in z-direction. The sketch B) shows the use of two Op-Amp current sources for each set Bji and Dji.
If deciding to use two Op-Amps - one for all positive Bji with negative Dji and one for all negative Bji with positive Dji. This situation is not right for this application because - by considering the set of all positive Bji with all negative Dji - when inserting an electret in between Ayx to Cyx which causes an input of potential energy to the system and the potential from Ayx to Cyx varies. The potential from Byx to Ayx to Cyx to Dyx is varying. Because Byx and Dyx are a cathode and an anode conductor which are connected to the remaining cathodes Bji and anodes Dji (for jiyx); an energy supplied by the insertion of the electret forces the potential of all cathodes Bji to all anode Dji to be equal to the potential Byx to Dyx which will result to the compression effects originally made by all Bji and Cji (including ft-yr) to alter.
If deciding to use each one Op-Amp connecting to a pair Bji to Dji. Since Aji-Cji has the self potential set to 10 volts, which means the potential made by the Op-Amp must producing over 10 volts in each C5 capacitor in between Bji to Aji and Dji to Cji. The problem is when no free charges are on Aji and Cji due to an accidental power shut down of them, since 10 volts in the two C5 produce induced charges of positive and negative polarity from Aji to Cji which are beaming in air such to produce a net voltage of two times 10 volts in C5 adding to a large voltage in air from Aji to Cji - in the air capacitor Co, Co is smaller than parasite capacitance of 2 PicoFarad - will result in a possible damage to the Op-Amp current source transferring charges from Bji to Dji because for example the Op-Amp TL081 has a maximum input voltage range VIDR= 15V.
The sketches A), B) and C) show the Op-Amp in one side Bji and one Op-Amp on the side Dji cause a symmetrical of unequal compression electric fields due to the fact that positive and negative charges leaving the Op-Amp are distributed to five positive conductors versus four negative conductors in the set Dji.
From the sketch B), shows a theoretical step of compression effect. If Aji to Cji are 10 volts the voltage in between Bji and Aji (or Cji and Dji) must be slightly above 10 volts in order to provide the compression effect. Because, considering A33 and C33 beams a 10[V]
away from its surfaces, in C5 of D33 and C33 the beaming of C33 beams through outside of D33 on the plane with unit-vector-Dji, thus once the charges are deposited on D33 up to the same quantity in positive polarity as the negative induced charge on C5 of D33 caused by C33 which result in a beaming back of 10[V] by D33; and D33 beams everywhere of 10[V] away from its surfaces. At this point, when D33 is greater than 10[V] it beams back to C33 thus causing induced charges of positive polarity on the surface with unit-vector-Cji of C33. Because of symmetry, the polarity of charge is reversed in the B33 and A33, when B33 did the same as D33 in opposite polarity then the same amount of negative induced charges are deposited on the surface with unit-vector-Aji of A33, thus the induced negative and positive charges on the surfaces with unit-vector-Aji and unit-vector-Cji cause a uniform electric field time the separation of A33 and C33 results in a compressed electrical potential, this compressed potential in opposite polarity and smaller than the potential of 10[V ] cause by the sole function of A33to C33, thus the sum of the two electric potentials is smaller than 10[V] which result in an increase of capacity from A33-C33 or CAC33 because the real charges on A33 and C33 still unchanged but its voltage is reduced.
The procedure to calculate the compressed fields is to take the difference in charges cause by Cji beaming to Dji where the beaming Dji must be larger than the beaming of Cji.
This quantity of difference in charges is pushed out on the surface with unit-vector-Cji which added already to the existed charges on surface with unit-vector-Cji in which the sum is lower than before (assuming the Afi and Bji conductors are producing the same phenomena) thus the new potential from Aji to Cji is obtained Knowing C5 capacitor value permit to calculate the compressed charges, then the compressed charges on Co - air capacitor delimited by the beam Aji to Cji ¨
and knowing Co and the compressed charges give the compressed potential which will be added to the natural potential produces by Aji to Cji alone.
Sketch B) shows the Op-Amp with a Zener of 10[V] which is open at the start of charging and when Vin is slightly smaller than 10[1/] adding to the serial resistance voltage will cause the Zener to clamp and thus maintaining Vin¨constant. Thus as the final calculation that is demonstrated on Bji of symmetrical pattern of unequal compression effects of 7.99[V] and 10[V], the sketch shows the 7.99[V] and 10[V] are pointing from Aji and Cji are for indication of the compression effect purpose only since the values of the real potential are different. Which means that all Aji-Cji which are having its corresponding C5 of 10[V] must operate under the absence of compression effect of the voltage slightly below 10[V]. Or the Zener be higher than 10[V] to permit a Vin> 10[V] which will cause all the compression voltage above 10[V] and then the same phenomena of adjustment of the voltage under the absent of the compression effect on Aji-Cji will be processed e.g. readjusting the current of ACJI to obtain the quiescent voltage under the new compression effects of Bji and Dji.
The shielding is not drawn for clarity on the right side. The voltages on Dji are in transition only with 7.99[V] and 10[V]. All positive and negative conductors in Bji are connected together and fed by a single current Op-Amp; this is not drawn for clarity. The final voltages are as indicated _I
{ Fig. _11B) where the advantage of using the clamping effect of the Zeners 100 and R1= 10f2 is to obtain a constant Vin in spite the change in resistances of the ferroelectric materials P1VM, PLT, PZT on Cj, C2, C3,C4and the linear dielectric such as Teflon on C5 and C6 of Dji conductors. Because, for example a clamped Zeners 100 of 10 volts, Vin decreases due to temperature variation applied on Dji, so Rs1 permits to cause less current in flowing to Zeners 100 and to charge back Vin.

If 12,1=0, with 10V as clamped Zeners 10 volts voltage, at the start of charging, all Dji surfaces are charging up to reaching the clamping of the Zeners 100 which will cause all the voltage between the positive and negative Dji parallel plates to clamp to 10V where all other surfaces Dji can discharge ¨ All Cs, Cs and all the peripheral surfaces ¨ and thus no compression effect the beams to Cji, Aji and Bji will occur. Because of the clamping of the Zeners 100 during quiescent operation V1-V2 varies with ambient temperature and will cause Vout to vary with temperature, even of reaching saturation, but Vout is not used The disadvantage of setting R,1=0 and the Zeners 100 to have a value that during quiescent operation the Zeners 100 are not clamped, but Vin varies when the temperature that varies the resistances of C1, C2, C3, C4, Cs and Cs of Dji which in turn will cause a more or less variation in the compression effect due to temperature variation applied Dji cubic-conductors.
In the sketch B) the coaxial cables are used to connect cubic-conductors Dji.
In order to save the space for wiring, the positive and negative Dji are connected to lead out only two coaxial cable toward the Op-Amp terminals which are having their outer layers at 101, 102 be connected to P1 location.
The coaxial cables connecting to the same polarity cubic-conductors Dji are having their outer layers electrically linked too. For example, the coaxial cables leaving D13 and D31 are connected together by the T-coaxial-connector with its output core electrically linked to the inside of D22 450 cavity edge - and the coaxial cables leaving D33 and Di I
are connected to the T-coaxial-connector with its output core be connected inside D2245 cavity edge. And the result is all outer coaxial cables of Dji are connected to the location 101 and 102 ¨
which in turn are connected to PI location ¨ thus they will neutralise to yield no electric fields on their outer layers.
If one outer coaxial cable layer in the set Dji is not neutralised its surface static charges then an insertion of a dielectric in between Aji and Cji will cause a variation to the capacitance viewed by this coaxial core which in turn will cause charges to flow in the set Dji which may change the compression effects of all Dji toward Cji with the Co very sensitive to a small voltage variation in Cs of Cji and Dji.
The sketch Fig. _11C), the dotted line 103 is used to indicate the consideration of the supply of current to the remaining surfaces of Dji conductor ¨ in the circumference path with neglecting the current in the Cs and Cs capacitors. J
( The Calculations-of-Repartition-of-Charges-On-Bji-or-Dji are done by calculating the charges for one surface and distribute the results over all surfaces, the calculations are as follow. From Fig. _11A), for 10[V] between a pair of surfaces; for 4 negative conductors and 5 positive conductors. Let's neglecting Cs and Cs since its values are too small.
So at 101-V1 QDD1 = 1.02E-5[C], for C1 to C4 on the negative conductor DI2;
00012 =
4QDD1; using superposition, let's charging one at a time. By charging only DI2; the black colour shows the voltage drops of 10[V].

Now charging the same amount on D32 which is drawn in a finer black colour.
Now, the D23 and D21 can be charged together, since they are the same similarity with D32 and D12, in the two blue colours.
At this step, all negative conductors are charged, on their outer surfaces have 20[V] and the inner surfaces toward D22 have no charges. And all negative surfaces are 10[V]
in the z-direction.
Now the charging of positive conductors; previously, QDDI = 1. 02E-5[C] for 10[V] in a CDDI = coo epAgN (as c)/di = 6'01800(8E-2e 4E-2)/50E-6 = 1.02000384E-6[F]
Accounting only C1 to Cg, a negative conductor has 4QDDI = 4.08E-5[C]. For 4 negative conductors, the total charges on the negative's are 4. QtotDi2 = 16. QDD1 or QtotNegCond = -16. QDDI = -1. 632E-4[C]
And for 5 positive conductors implies that each positive conductor has QlpositCond = 16. QDDI/5 = (16/5)1. 02E-5[C] = 3.264E-5[C]
Let's using D13, means that C1 to Cg of DI3 has QD13inCi = QlpositCond/4 = 3.264E-5[C]/4 = 8.16E-6[C]
VD13inCi = QD13inCl/CDD1 = 8.16E-6[C]/1.02000384E-6[F]
= 7.999969882[V] rz, 7.99[V]
At this stage, all conductors are loaded and all its components are drawn, except 1)33, D31, D22.
The outer surfaces in x-direction of D13 and Ai have 5.98[V]; between D13 to D12 and D11 to D12 have a net 10+7.99-7.99=10[Y].
The addition of D33 in purple gives 5.98[17] my-direction on D13 and D33.
Now only D22 and D31 are not loaded, let's load only D22 in green colour. The results show that the voltage around D22 is 7.99[V] and the circumference path in x-y has 10[V] -from D11 to D31 to D33 to D13 back to Dm And on the left side, on the B's, the actual voltage is drawn as if the Op-Amp was used on the left side, the kit side is an image projection from the Dji side. The net compression effect of 7.99[V] and 10[V] are drawn on Aji in z-direction.
The Fig. _11C) shows that for five positive versus four negative cubic-conductors in Dji and they are connected such that the loop voltage equation exists. For the PAM
dielectric constant, Claw = 1800, the Teflon dielectric constant, ereflon = 2.1, ch=50E-6[m], cl3=2E-4[m], as c-8E-2(4E-2)[m2], PPAIN = 1E8[Qem].

CDD1 = cos OWN* a. c/di = 1.02000384E-6[F]
CDD2 = coo croon* a. a/d5 = 5.94397E-10[F]
RDD1=RD2= 1E8050E-6/ (8. 4E-4) = 1.563E6[Q]
From the Fig. _11B). Where the transit voltages are shown of 7.99[V] and 10[V]
for Dji side;
from that sketch B) shows the joining surfaces which are drawn in the sketch C). And due to the joining wires there is a loop voltage equation (in blue colour) which is not zero and therefore an electric field will force charges to flow. The simplest way is they are parallel capacitors of CDD1 with initial voltage of 10, 7.99 and 10[V]. By choosing the set A
indicated in sketch C), Qa = CDD1 = 10[17] = Qc =1.02000384E-5[C]
Qb = CDD1 = 7.99[V] = 8.1498E-6[C]
The total charges are, Qtotabc = Qa+Qb+Qc = 2.8550E-5[C]
The equivalent voltage is, Vequi = Qequi/Cequi Qtotabc/(3CDD1) = 9.3300[V]
So in equilibrium, all the voltages between the positive and negative cubic-conductors Dji are all 9.33[V].
So from the sketch B); all voltages in z-direction are unchanged as is indicated the net resulting voltage on the left Bji conductors - the result of Dji are transferred to Bji because of their matching symmetry.
Let's verifying the conservation of charges on Bji, neglecting the 9.33[Y]
since their positive and negative charges are equals.
For the negative conductors, 8beams at 5.98V QinpAN = -CDD1(5.98(8)) = -CDD1(47.84)[C]
10beams at 7.99V = QinTefon = -CDD2(7.99(10)) = -CDD2(79.9)[C]
For the positive conductors, 4beams at 12.01V QinpAIN = CDD1(12.01(4)) = CDD1(48.04)[C]
8beams_at_10V = QinTefon = CDD2(10(8)) = CDD2(80)[C]

So here the partly distribution of negative and positive charges are:
Qpartial negative = -CDD1(47.84)-CDD2(79.9) [C]
Qpartial_positive = +CDD1(48.04)+CDD2(80) [C]
The difference is due to round off but small to verify that the total positive and negative charges on Bji are equals. Notify that the final results of voltages indicated in the sketch B) on Bji are the projection calculated over the Dji transferred to Bji since Dji is symmetrically to Bji.
In fact, the set of cubic-conductors Bji and Dji are unequal in number of positive and negative conductors. However, a negative cubic-conductor and a positive cubic-conductor can be added to Dji and Bji thus to produce the same number of positive and negative cubic-conductors on both side of Bji and Dji, the two erdn'Pd cubic-conductors are to be located elsewhere and which can beam to each other but outside the 3DGLVA and having the same quantity of charges as each of its Bji (or Dji), thus the result is that the compression effect will be all the same along the plane x-y.
The misalignment of cubic-conductors Aji, Bji, Cji and Dji along y=constant can occur, however the intersection of the surfaces that cause the Eo from Aji to Cji that counts. And the beaming effect of Bji to Dji is done according to the capacitance view on its path and the contribution of the potential energy, causes by Bji to Dji, that is embedded in the mentioned intersection of Au to Cji will result in the net voltage, Voperation, from the parallel surface Aji to Cji.
The Cakulation-of-Current-Supplying-Dji(or Bfi)-Cubic-Conductors is as follow.
In calculation of current IBB as indicated in the sketch B), the currents into Teflon are very small - in C5 and C6 - compares to the currents into the dielectric materials in CI,C2,C3 and C4, here the calculation are based on the Lead Magnesium Niobate(PMN). The currents will be calculated in the internal loop indicated in Fig._11B)-C); adding to the current in the circumference path e.g. toward the inner shielding surfaces; with PMN data from reference [2].
The current from the Fig. 11C) is producing a 9.33[V], from Vequi¨Qequi/Cequi=9.33[V]. For by pair calculation of resistance.
RDD.1=( ppAN = di ) / (a= c) = (1E8=50E-6)/(8=4E-4) = 1.563E6[Q]
One row has RDD1/3=constantl, for two rows in parallel is (constant1)/2 and for 4 rows is (constant1/2)/2 = (constant1)/4, so the resistance for the inner loop indicated in the sketch C), is &men Rinner='(COnStaT10/4 = (RDD1/3)/4 = RDD1/12 = 1.563E6/12 = 1.303E5[Q]
At Vinner = 9.33[V], linner¨Vinner/ Rainer = 9. 33/ 1. 303E5 = 7. 163E-5 [A]

To calculate the current in the circumference path around Bji from Sketch B).
Notib, that each leaving current of 12.01[V] on one plate of a positive conductor matches to two currents entering with two of 5.98[V] into a negative conductor. Let's choosing the voltage of 12.01 instead of 5.98+5.98. So, Icircum_positive_conduct_per_plate = Vpositive/RDD1 for per one positive plate Since for four plates from BI2, B23, B21, B32;
Ictrcum = 4 Wpositive/RDD = 4(12.01[V])/(1. 563E6 [Q]) = 3.073576456E-5[A]
The total current necessary to feed all Bji conductors (or Dji), with neglecting its current into Teflon, is Iumer hircurn = IBB- = IDD = 7. 163E-5 + 3.073576456E-5 = 1.023657646E(-4)[A] = 10.237[m4]
The sketch C), the dotted line 103 is used to indicate the consideration of the supply current to the remaining surfaces of Dji conductors ¨ in the circumference path with neglecting the current in the C5 and C6 capacitors. J
{ Fig. _12A) and Fig _12B) and Fig. _13A) and Fig. 13B) show an enlarge perspective view of hollow cubic-conductors A25, C25, B15 and 1)15. The hole HI of A25 is the location of a coaxial cable going to the anode of the Op-Amp current source, and the HI of C25 correspond to the cathode coaxial going to the Op-Amp - see Fig._6A)-B)-C)-D)-F). The coaxial cables - see Fig._13C) - are going in diagonal inside the cubic-conductors toward an exit that it will be connected to a terminal of Op-Amp, with it shield connected to the shielding location or PI
shielding location. Notify the wiring paths in Fig. _3. Notify the concordance of the unit vectors - Unit VectorAji, Unit VectorBji, Unit VectorCji, UnitVectorDji - that match to the Fig. _14. These unit vectors permit to orientate the top metal electrodes 104, 105, 106, 107 with its lip( indicated with parameter es) positioning.
As indicated, the 45 -slabs 108 with holes H2 are distributed symmetrically around four edges of all cubic-conductors, all the 45 -slab-H1 109 and the 45 -slab-H2 108 are the same material as the cubic-conductors. The ones with hole H2 are located in on each four edges of the cubic-conductors, the ones with hole H1 can be on all four edges or only one 45 -slab-HI 109 on one of the four edges.
There exists a few manners to connect the coaxial cables to the hole HI, for example the device near the bicycle hand-break which is called the Brake-Adjuster 112 and is sketched on Fig. _12A). The Brake-Adjuster 112 is inserted in either direction to the hole HI, the coaxial core 113 is inserted and winding around the threaded-cylinder 114, the nut 115 is screwed in to maintain conductivity of the coaxial core 113 to the Brake-Adjuster 112 and to the metal 45 -slab-H1 109, 110.

The holes H2 use ordinary thin insulated filamentary conductors which are having at their two extremities with flat metal plates of two holes conductively by soldering or screwing to the extremities. A flat plate of two holes is then superposed on the 45 -slab-H2 (two holes) 108 that they are in conduction by fastening with two fasteners. And the other fiat plate is then be fasten to the Lip-electrode ¨ with parameter e5- of the next adjacent cubic-conductor. For Bji and Dji, similar manner just described for the 45 -slab-H2 108 is applied to the 45 -slab-H3 111 with the corresponding Lip-electrode as the parameter e6.
For example, viewing to Fig. _14, the Lip-electrode of A24 is connected to the 45 -slab-H2 of A25 located at the bottom back edge which is not drawn on Fig._12A) since the Lip-electrode of A24 is located near to that 45 -slab-H2 of A25. Since A25 is the top cubic-conductor, the A25 Lip-electrode is then connected to the parallel A15 top electrode via its Lip-electrode.
It is better to have the fasteners adapted in size and be likely to the Brake-Adjuster 112 ¨ with 116 and 114 as a single unit - with lower conductivity than the coaxial cable -core 113 and its shield 117. Because when inserting the electret which clamps the positive polarity of the Zeners, the Op-Amp current will flow into the clamped Zeners and as well as the discharging current from capacitor CAcji , e.g. the discharge current of the Aji to Cji caused by the charges on its Co.
The better conductivity of the core and the shield over the fastener Brake-Adjuster 112 will permit surface charges on the shields of the anode and cathode cables to neutralize each other faster than the rate of the discharge of charges from the cubic-conductor by 109 to the fastener 114, 116 and to the core 113. Thus the Fig._13C) depicts the material Nichrome(o-N, =
0. 1E7[mho/m]) which having lower conductivity than the copper(o-c. =

5.80E7[mho/ml) or silver(o-N, = 6.17E7 finho/m1).
For Fig.12A), the core 113 which is wounded at 119 and thus an annular metal ¨
not drawn -with the same metal as of 114 and 116 that will be located to in between the winding 119 and the 45 -slab-H1 109.
Where using metal Cooper (acu=5.8E7[mho/mJ), Silver (csAg=6.17E7[mho/m1) and Nichrome (am=0.1E7[mho/m]); the annular metal, the 114, 116 will be in Nichrome; the 117, 113 will be in Cu or Ag. The outer coaxial cable insulator is 118. _}
{ Fig._13 where on Dji and Bji, the 4.59-slab-H3 111 and 45 -slab-H1 110 are the same metal as their cubic-conductors. The ones with 111 are located on four edges and the ones with 110 can be on one or many or four edges depending whether any same polarity Dji 's are connected together or not. The 45 -slab-H1 110 has the same hole size H1 as the 45 -slab-H1 109 of Aft and Cji to simplify the standardisation of using the same brake-adjuster 112 on all Aji, Bji, Cji and Dji.
The ferroelectric or dielectric materials layers are PLT or PMN or PZT, these layers are 120, 121, 122, 123. The layers 120, 121 must be in the same material. The layers 122, 123 which usually are of the same material and they can be a different material with 120, 121.

For all cubic-conductors Aji, Bji, Cji, Dji in the same thickness, cubic thick, where ethick must be thin enough such that with 124, e4 = (e1/2)+(ethick/2) e4< 0.8e e4-ethick > cubic_thick And depending on the situation, the parameter which may be to determine are H1, H2, H3, ethick, es, e6, ej, e2-e1 or e2= e1, 1], t2 and t4.
The 45 -slab of holes H1, H2, H3 or 108, 109, 110, 111 can be conductive to their cubic-conductors by soldering and metal gluing. Each of the set 108, 109, 110, 111 can be jointed in a closed loop or open loop along the internal wall of the cubic-conductors. And they can be positioned arbitrary toward the centre of the cubic-conductor. _}
Fig._13C) shows a different way of attaching the coaxial cable to the edge of a cubic-conductor. For the cubic thick parameter large such that Cji metal structure is very solid to permit the attachment by using the threaded-cylinder 136, nuts 131, 132 to maintain in place the metals 129, 133, 134 without using metal glue or soldering.
There can be any type of insulators for 127, 128 and 137. The annular insulator 137 inhibits the conduction of 125 to 129 annular part.
The coaxial shield 125 of Cji is to be connected to the coaxial shield of Aji cubic-conductor and both of the shields are connected to P1 location to null all static surface charges. Thus in electrostatics, E=0 outside the coaxial cable and there exists the electric field in between 126 and 125 metal.
The 130 is of any type of material and to permit to screw the nuts 131, 132.
When rotating the nuts 131; the nuts 132 is blocked from rotating when they are placed into the metal 134.
It is better to choose the metal 125 and 126 with their relaxation time much smaller than for the metal 135. Such as metal 125 and 126 in Silver or Cooper (1:v11,er-1.43504E-19[sec], rcooper= 1 = 52659E-19[sec] ) and metal 135 as Nichrome rnichrome=8.8542E-18[sec] ). Because when a condition that permits charges on Cji to go toward an Op-Amp terminal then a small AQ
arrives in 135 will permit the metal 125 and 126 the time to remove its surface excess charges such to yield a net field of E=0 outside the cable.
For 125 and 126 in Silver or Cooper and 135 in Nichrome, then 129, 133, 134 can be any type of metal. If 135 is the same metal as 125 or 126 then 129, 133 and 135 will be in Nichrome.
The metal 129 has a cylindrical shape viewed along the plane x=y. The metal 134 and 133 are planar and has a rectangular shape viewed along x=y. The coaxial cable is inserted through 129 and rotated to constraint the metal 135 to be fixed in x=y, then screwing the nuts 131 to fasten the core 135 and 126 to be conductive with Cji.
The direction of the coaxial cable can be directed toward the centre of Cji by letting 133 with no hole that adapts 135 and 134 with a hole 129 for the insertion of the core 135. The largest diameter in 129 can be reduced which will facilitate the installation of 129 inside Cji. Similarly as using the brake-adjuster mentioned, the direction of the coaxial cable can be in or out the Cji.
Here with Fig._13C), with the use of 133 with no hole and 134 with a hole for the insertion of the set 135, 125, 126, 127, 128, the thickness of 134 will bring the coaxial set toward the Cji centre for the coaxial path going toward the centre of Cji that is 129, 135, 125, 126, 127, 128 now pointing in the negative x=y of Fig. _13C).
When the metal shield 125 is absent, E 0 outside the coaxial cable in electrostatics, Cji views other metals ¨from and along the coaxial cable ¨ as capacities. Thus typically, an insertion of a body far from Co of Aji to Cji, and due to the cable from Aji and Cji toward the Op-Amp terminals that the capacity of CAcj, is increased and will result to a small voltage drop from Aji to Cji. Therefore losing the precision measured and losing the uniqueness property of a voltage variation due to only the volume of Co, and especially it causes unwanted electric fields to the surrounding.
{ Fig. 14 illustrates the set of 3 x5 cubic-conductors, it is a sufficient number of conductors as a prototype to provide all the necessary testing requirements. It shows that all positive cubic-conductors have four sides with the dielectrics and the negative ones have zero, one and two sides of dielectric layers. For any row and column direction, the cubic-conductors are in odd number, the layering mechanisms are all the same as mentioned The wire 139 connects the metal of one cubic-conductor having the dielectric layer to the other cubic-conductor.
Fig. _14 shows the puck velocity Vpuck is going into the set of beams Eo at C32, the arrow 138 depicts its bottom layer that has two layers, the 120, 121, 122, 123 corresponding to Fig. _12 &
Fig. _13 are the ferroelectric materials such as PMN, PLT, PZT.
Notify the Unit-Vectors of Bji, Dji, Aji and Cji which permit to set the orientation of electrode's Lip positioning indicated on Fig. 12 & Fig. _13. Since C32 is a positive cubic-conductors so 105 corresponds to its top electrode. The two metals indicated by (+)UnitVect xi and (-)UflitVeCtXi are the same type.
There are layers of linear dielectric insulator ¨ as Teflon ¨ in between Bji and Aji, Dji and Cji, as well as on Unit VectBji surfaces, as well as on Unit VectDji surfaces. Any linear dielectric can make do. For example, the glass is fine for prototype because of its lager size comparing to the real model in smaller size.

The 139 represents the electrical connection with an ordinary insulated wire in between the electrode Lip to the corresponding next cubic-conductor. All outer electrodes in the circumference path of Au and Cji are all connected together to the same location e.g. the P1 location to remove surface static charges. J
{ Fig. _15a)-b)-c) and Fig. _16a)-b) show that inside the puck contains thin plates of electrets which permit to bring in an electric potential energy inside the beam Eo from Aji to Cji and resulting in a variation in voltage that the Op-Amp will give out signals. The sketches depict the use of piezoelectric thin plate but the problem is when the piezoelectric plate is squeezed the potential energy in it is developed but will vanish with time even the squeezed strain still remained and therefore the electrets are used instead of the piezoelectric plate. The electret is formed when its dielectric content is poled by an external electric field with heat which produces a separation of the bound charges inside the dielectric and by cooling off the bound charges remain in place and thus the internal or potential energy is obtained Even when the thin plates of electret inside the puck crack but still holding in place the accuracy to detect the electret boundaries, inside the puck, still high.
At 140 shows the notation of the arrows that indicate the direction of internal bound charges electric field of the electret. That internal electric field times the electret thickness is the electret potential voltage.
The principle of using the plates of electret symmetrically distributed inside the puck is to detect the boundaries of the puck and notify that the boundaries of the electrets are all the same distance with the outer perimeter of the puck as indicated in Fig. _16a).
Fig. _15a),-b),-c) and Fig. 16a),-b) show two models of electret insertion pattern inside the puck At Fig. _15c) piezoelectric are laid such that the view path on plane x-y will not produce a net of zero voltage drop. The results of the sketch c) is applied into both sketches a) and b) with numerical values for analysis. The electrets of Fig. _15a)-b) are positioned into the puck with the same spacing with the puck outer boundary of e/2; the electrets are very thin and do occupy a very small space of the puck; the top and the bottom have a thin layer of electret as well as on the side with corresponding voltage drops; the radial electret positioning is used to detect the side perimeters as shown on the path of voltage drop a-b at the sketch b) and showing the beams Eo, in green and red crossing from the posts, will see voltage drop of 6V and -4V. At 142, 143 are the circular top and bottom electret voltage of 0.5V. The path of voltage drop 141 shows that it enters in the side of quadrant I with -(Ex+Ey)Ar=-2.5 [V], then through three radial electrets -1-3/2-1 volts, then goes out on the side of quadrant III with -(Ex+Ey)dr=-2.5[V] to result in the net ¨8.5[V]. _}
{ Fig. _15 and Fig. _16 where notify that for a path of voltage dropped that crosses through the electret. And due to the equi-potential feature inside the electret, where a path that is not parallel to its internal electric field line then the result is the same value of potential given by the internal electret electric field time its thickness. J

I Fig. 16a)-b) show no electrets are on the side and the more numerous of radial electrets are installed In sketch b), the beam Eo near the centre sees AV=0 and far to the centre as beam Eo, in green, sees the voltage of AV-1/2V; the radial electret length P2 is greater than in model of Fig. 15 since no side layering is installed, so P2 is large such that for a beam width b the radial electrets will cover the beam Eo. Model of Fig. 16 is more accurate than model of Fig._15 because of numerous radial distributions; but the inner space is more smaller.
If the space requirement isn't a concern then model of Fig. _16 will be used j { Fig._]7) 1)-2)-3)-4)-5)-6) demonstrate the process permitting to obtain the objective of a variation of potential energy view by an external electric field straight beam. The sketches 1), 2) and 3) show that the arrow on an axe indicates the polarity of the electric field resides inside an electret material, or it can be any materials that permit an electric field inside itself. The electric fields inside the electret are radial with the origin and distributed on a portion of the sphere that is described by the two extremities of the arc pivoting 90 degree.
At the sketch 4), shows that the electret with internal fields component Ey are distributed on the two half of a sphere radial to the origin, e.g. for the region with positive y-direction the Ey fields leave the origin and the region with negative y-direction Ey fields point toward the origin. The same analysis applies to sketches 5) and 6) for the Ex and Ey fields distribution over the sphere.
{ Fig._18a)-b)-c)-d)-e)-fi, the eight surfaces SI, S2...,S8 correspond to eight symmetrical surfaces forming a spherical shape. The fields indicated by Ex, Ey ark: Ez are the electret internal electric fields which are directing radial to the origin - as mentioned to Fig._17) 1)-2)-3)-4)-5)-

6).
Thus each one of the eight symmetrical surface contains a net radial internal electric fields -caused by the Ex, Ey and Ez - such that to permit a variation of potential energy along a straight path of an external beam Eo that is beaming on any direction. j { Table 1 shows the analysis with numerical values when the internal electric fields Ex, Ey and Ez from Fig._17) 1)-2)-3)-4)-5)-6) are summed to result in eight surfaces described on Fig. _18e),-j) in such a way that an external electric field beam Eo, which beams to any straight direction, will view a net variation in electric potential when Eo beams through the sphere.
As indicated on the first column that BeamY(x,y,z) means the external beam Eo is in +y direction and effective on the sphere in +x and +z coordinates. And BectmX(x,y,z) means the external beam Eo is in +x direction and effective on the sphere in +z and +y coordinates.
The second column shows the analysis of the viewing surfaces -from the sphere -beamed by Eo or BeamY(x,y,z). The third column shows each component of internal electrets electric fields viewed by BeamY(x,y,z). The fourth column is the net sum of electric fields viewed by BeamY(x,y,z). And the fifth column is the results of the sum when imposing Fac---Ez and Ey----2Ex=2Ez where for BeamX(x,y,z), BeamY(x,y,z) and BeamZ(x,y,z) will all view a net of non zero potential energy which will permit to detect the presence of the sphere or its perimeter.

Notify that for the external beams in negative x, y and z direction the results in the fifth column will be all negative and thus a negative variation in electric potential will occur.
Notify thatthat if choosing Ey¨Ex¨Ez, the fourth column will exhibit some zero values in the net electric field such that the beam Eo will not detect a variation in voltage as well as it will not detect the corresponding perimeter of the sphere.
Notify that for the chosen Ex¨Ez and Ey=2Ex=2Ez, all the voltage drops viewed by the beam Eo are all non zero. And the surfaces S7: Ey-Ez-Ez ) and S3: { Ey-Ez-Ex) contain zero electric field value so there is no need of electret layers on S7 and S3.
Notify that there exists other combinations of Ex, Ey and Ez that will make do to detect the sphere perimeter. _}
(Fig. _19 shows a simple set of 3 x5 cubic-conductors, in five rows and three columns, since the prototype operates in the linear curve of Polarisation versus Electric Field which results in a larger scale where a very simple mounting strategy is enough for testing; the set 3 x5 is enough to permit to obtain all the measurements wanted The prototype is tested in a closed metal surface made of gold or any good conductivity metal to avoid interferences from space electromagnetic, TV-radio waves and other electromagnetic interference (EMI) for the purpose of optimal test measurements.
It is in a large scale but easier to dismantle. The conductor 144 connecting the two Bottom-Plate 's permit to shield the high electric fields - the top electrodes of the cubic-conductors in the peripheral are conductively connected to this wire 144 - and use also to repelled excess charges deposited by human contacts, to the surface of the prototype or to the outer closed metal surface if the Bottom-Plate's are connected to the outer closed metal surface. The bottom corners ofAij and C11 are use to test the crossing of the electret near these neighbourhoods.
The sketch shows the uniform beams Eo, when the electret is inserted and intersecting the Eo that will produce a shift in voltage of the corresponding Aji to Cji. For the tests purposes, the electret can be substituted by charging two metal plates with an external battery then remove it and inserting the two plates containing its potential energy through the beam Eo, by separating the two plates will cause an augmentation of its potential energy and thus will produce a larger shift of the voltage of the corresponding Aft to Cji.
{ The calculation of CAci, where on the cubic-conductors Aji and Cji have 6 surfaces. Since the ferroelectric material contribute to the major real charges on the 4 surfaces denoted as Cl, C2, C3 and Cg with its surface vectors in x and y direction. Therefore let's using only these 4 surfaces for capacity calculation from Aji to Cji.
The electric fields inside the ferroelectric material can, in principle, exceed the air breakdown field of Emajr =3E6F/m], since in the normal operation, the system controls the created fields that are shielded and to be confined them inside the independently parallel ferroelectric capacitors of the cubic-conductors. But for the reason of safety in case of mechanical break up which will cause a high field larger than Emax-air to beam out in air. It is therefore precocious to impose the created field lower than E01,=3E6[V/ml.
Since air density is about constant along a height with the ground The air viscosity, at]
atmosphere and at 20 C and 40 C, are 0.01813Cp and 0.01908Cp where Cp=0.001 Kg/(m-sec);
such that the air velocity distribution can change easily in reversed direction. For the set of cubic-conductors operating in a medium in which at a leakage path of charges, leaving one cubic-conductor to the other, which may be accumulated at some point then a high field can occur to produce breakdown; because between two metals the capacitance viewed is the same, the real charges at a location which behave as an input of electric field which at some point will can cause breakdown.
Let's first calculating the capacity from Aji to Cji e.g. CAcji . For a linear operation on the curve Polarisation versus Electric Fields. The charges of one parallel capacitor in CI is, = Co. ere a=b/di Q1 = C1=V1 = (co* er=a=b/dd= (El = di) = eo= er=a=b=El The total charges on Aji would be 4)<Q1 but due to the slots cut at the 4 edges as indicated in Fig. 12B) and Fig. 12A), the factor 3.5 is used instead of 4.
Qtot of Aji = 3.5 = Q1 = 3.5 = co= ere a= b= El This is the charges which contribute to the capacitance of Aji to Cji without electric field compression effect.
As mentioned in the theories that the compression effects cause by the beaming of Bji to Dji must be enough to decrease the potential from Aji to Cji. Since in general, C=Q/V, the compression effects decrease V while maintaining Q thus resulting in an increase of C.
CAcj, is net capacity, from Aji to Cji, with compression effect.
Voperabon is the net potential resulted by the potential made by Aji to Cji alone and is subtracted by the potential, due to the compression electric field effects, made by Bji to Dji that applies over the surfaces Aji and Cji in their corresponding Co - Co is the capacity formed by the beam Eo from Aji to Cji.
If the Voperation is set to be equal to VI¨El = di then there is no compression effect. For V1>Voperahon does increase CAcji =

V1 is the potential of the parallel capacitor or VI¨lithe¨El = di¨Edie= ddie, where die stands for dielectric. To obtain the compression of electric field effects, Voperatron < VI=E1=d1 (1) If choosing Voperation=51V] and VI =10[V] means the CAci, is doubling by the ratio Vl/V
operation=2 with respect to the absence of the compression effect.
For the battery source of 12[V], it is commonly to choose the quiescent voltage of 5[V] which means Voperanon=5[V], by (1) let's using V1=10[V] for doubling the capacity.
And the chosen Op-Amp current, as in Fig. _6A)-B)-C)-D)-F), needs at least 10 p[F], let's imposing CAL:p.m-20 y[F], CACp= (3-5/Voperatiotd= Co= er= as b = E1 > 20 p[F] (2) Cr > (roperation[Y1/3.5)(C4Cpmm[F]) / ( co[F/m] =a[m] eb[m] =El [V/m]) (3) ElqEmax-a0/6 = 0.5E6[V/m] (4) For example, assuming a linear dielectric that can handle an electric field El=2.5E5[V/m], for a cubic-conductor of size a=12. 7E-2[m], b=81.28E-2[m]. Assuming V1=E1 = d1>
Voperation=5Y1 What is the Cr value to comply with the selected Op-Amp current source.
er> (5[V1/3.5)(20E-6[F]) / (c0[F/m]012.7E-2[M]=81.28E-2[m]=2.5E5[V/m]) Cr > 125.041796 If the linear dielectric has a Cr =300 then the capacity view by the Op-Amp is cakulated from (2).
CAci, = (3.5/5[V])(300). co[F/m] 012.7E-2[m] .81.28E-2[m] .2.5E5[V/m]) CAcji = 47.984E-6[F]
As mentioned in this paper, a larger CACp will improve to obtain less voltage undulation, across the CACp terminals, due to Input Bias Current and the Zener leakage current variation as depicted in Fig._6A)-B)-C)-D)-F).
For a linear operation of the dielectric, e.g. linear curve of Polarisation versus Electric Fields.
Equation (2) demonstrates that while the compression effect is incurred, the thickness of the parallel capacitors or dj parameter for a specific capacitor, CACp is not dependent on the thickness or di parameter. In order to increase CAco with compression of electric field effects ones must:
= Increasing Er.
= Increasing the electric fields or electric flux density inside the parallel capacitor ferroelectric material.
= Increasing the parallel capacitor surface a x b.
Equation (I) permits to obtain the compression effect, (2) is the corresponding new capacity CAcj, and (4) is the safety limit of the real charges or electric fields.
For the system operation far from the linear region, the equation D= ecE+P is used over the curve Polarisation(P[C/m2 ]) versus Electric Field( E[Wm]). The Electric Flux Density(D[C/m2 ]) reflects the number of real charges, so increasing CAcir by increasing its real charges means increasing D. So in order to increase CAci, ,for operation of non linear))) between P and E ones must:
= Increasing electric flux densiol(D) inside the parallel capacitor ferroelectric material.
= Increasing the parallel capacitor surface axb.
For example, using the Lead Lanthanum Titanate (PLT) fivm reference [1]. From Fig. 10 of [I] shows the curves which permit to obtain the DC current and the resistance of PLT at different operating point of electric fields inside the ferroelectric material. The Fig. 7 of [1]
shows the P vs E curve, it ensures high accuracy and distinguishes the capacitance from the conductivity component. Notify that only P
- saturation-Premanent are contributing to the discharge process of CAci, and therefore it is favourable to set to operating point P=P
_ saturation -For a parallel capacitor of dimension a= 1E-2[m], b=4E-2[m] and thickness di=600E-9[m].
From reference [1] at Fig. 7, El =250[KV/cm], P 1=11.9231E-2 [C/m2] ; and Fig.
10 at the same El, p- -1E10[S2 = m], J=2E-3[A/m2], Vi =EI =di=15[V]
DI = P 1+ eo=El =11.9231E-2[C/m2]+ C. 250E5[V/m]
=1.19452E-1[C/m2]
QI = DI. a=b =1. 19452E-1[C/m2] = 1E-2[m]. 4E-2[m]
=4.77809E-5[C]
Using the factor 3.5, and setting an operation at Voperati0n=5[V], Qlto4 = Ql. 3.5=1.67233E-4[C]

CAci, ¨ CAE/ _14 Q1to4/Voperation I.67233E-4[C]/5[V]
=33.4467E-6[F]
There is two ways of calculating the resistance RI and R2, RI= p= (a. b)-1E10[Q- ntl= 600E-91m1 / (1E-21m]. 4E-21m]) =15E6[Q]
I=Je a. b=2E-3[A/m2] 1E-2[m] 4E-2[m] =8E-7[A]
R2=-V1/1=15[V]/8E-7[A]=18.75E6[Q]
RAverage¨ (RI-FR2)/2 = 16.875E6[Q]
CBetweenPlates¨Q 1 /V1=4.77809E-5[C1/15[V]
=3. I8539E-6[F]
TAverage¨RAverage= CBetweenPlates ¨16.875E6[Q]. 3.18539E-6[F]
¨53.7535[sec]
The Fig.6 of [1] shows that as the voltage decreases the capacitance increases so here at 15[V]
or 250[KV/cm], TAverage calculated is the minimum value.
To account the remnant effect, the Fig.7 from [1] gives Pr=4.38E-6[C/m2], Dr¨Pr=4.38E-2[C/m2]
Qr=Dr. a. b=4.38E-2[C/m2].1E-2[m]. 4E-2[m]
=1.752E-5[C]
QI-Qr=4.77809E-5[C] - I.752E-5[C]=3.02609E-5[C]
(Q1-Qr)/Q1=3.02609E-5[C] / 4.77809E-5[C]=0.6333 Where at t=r, e-1 =0.3679 and 1-0.3679=63.21%. So at t=r =rAverage fz"
53.7535[sec] no more charges can supply the selected Op-Amp current source. However in DC supplying current by the Op-Amp, the portion of QI-Qr still large to supply to the capacities view from the cubic-conductor Aji to its path toward the input terminal of the Op-Amp and the same analysis applies to the other side to Cji.
The value of TA
-,..verage indicates how fast is the response of the parallel capacitors. For instance, when an electret is intersecting the beam Eo of Au to Cji with a reverse polarity such that the reverse Zeners clamp to permit a closed path of current, that is resulted by the insertion of the electret, which charges the CAci, ; and after the removal of the electret the voltages in the ferroelectrics - in the capacitors CI to C4 -will return to their quiescent values, and the speed of returning is faster for smaller rAverage values. However, there is means to rectify to this charging current is to use the optoisolator to feed back the Op-amp current by decreasing Vab as explained in section of Fig. _6A)-B)-C)-D)-F).
The calculation of CACji where when Icur=0 on Fig. 6 and after the time constant with rAverage-53.7535[sec] no more charges can supply the Op-Amp with input bias current going into the integrated circuit such as for the Op-Amp 741, and the Aji will be charging negatively according to its capacitance viewed and this input bias current value will just decrease a bit the Dr value from before charging Aji with negative charges.
For the input bias current going out of the Op-Amp as of the TL081. From Fig.
_7A), for =0 and Icur=0, charges on Aji are discharges through C1 to C4 resistances for a time interval At¨ rAverage¨ 53.7535[sec] then all the CI to C4 have their Dr value. A fixed Dr in CI to C4 will also fixe a quantity of charges in Co according to the capacities viewed principle. Then by letting flowing only 1BI which will distribute the charges according to the capacities viewed of Aji ¨ and the same is for Cji ¨ and the insertion of an electret voltage (+ /-)Vele still permit to give out signal at the output. Which means that in theoretical point of view each time the system starts, its D goes from zero to D1 then to null Icur=0 to set D=Dr then the system still working under a low consumption characteristic of charging Aji by IBL In practice the Dr value can be shifted by external electric field from other neighbour cubic-conductors Aji (or Cji) as well as the variation of temperature. Where for some instant a very high or a very low value of Dr can bother the net quiescent voltage, with the compression of electric field effect made by Bji to Dji, of Vo.
And after the removal of the electret, the incremental charges on Co charged by the electret will be distributed entirely to the capacitance viewed by Aji (or Cji); and thus will cause a small negligible increment in voltage in CI to C4 that will return to their quiescent values and the speed of returning is faster for smaller rAverage values. _}
Fig. 20, shows the connection of a row of cubic-conductors Aji-Cji, 1=1, j=
1,2,3; see Fig. 11A)-B).
The basic connection of the real model and the prototype are the same. Here the 3 motors will turn when the electret is intersecting the beam Eo of Au to Cji. The motors' speed are faster when more electret energy potential intersects the beam Eo.
In conjunction with Fig _8, Fig. _9, Fig. _10, the saw polarity of a long slab of electret that is intersecting, with the same potential energy, the capacitors CAC11, CAC21 and CAC3I = Which result in I=1A431-=-4121 , the sketch shows their paths of currents.
In conjunction with Fig. _11B), the current sources supplying Bji (or Dji) are connected in similar manner as the current sources sketched in this Fig. 20. The head-to-head Zeners 145, 146, 147 protect the operational amplifiers.

The operation of VA2 is to subtract the DC component - the quiescent voltage from Aji to Cij -thus the VA 2's show how much energy potential from the electret is inserted in the beam from Aji to Cji.
At Fig _20, where by comparing the Fig 7C) and Fig _20 where the Fig. _20 uses the bi-directional Zeners 145, 146, 147 which are having their parasite terminal capacity values Cp much greater than Co and therefore more potential energy from the electret, or an external pre-charged plate ¨ must be needed to charge up the Cp.
Whereas in the Fig. 7C) shows no bi-directional Zeners which will necessitate less potential energy from the electret. But if too much of potential energy brought into Co from the electret then this can damage the Op-Amps TL081. Also without details analysis and at a brief glance, the Op-Amp can be protected using two serial 22V Zeners in parallel to Vcc and Vee with the mid-connection to the non-inverting input as analogously to the descriptions of section mentioning the Fig. 6A)-B) and Fig. 7B); and the Zeners are inside the shield 85.
The output VA2 can be fed to an amplifier with a higher gain to provide more sensitivity of detecting the external electric energy brought into Co.
Notifr that due to C1, C2, C3, C4 as ferroelectric capacitors, the signal VA2 is dominantly sensitive only to the bringing of external electric field such as the electret or the pre-charged of two plates. _1 { Fig._21A)-B)-C) are the photos of the three dimensional views that represent the Fig. _14, Fig._12 and Fig. 13. And as indicated the Aji, Bji, Cji, Dji are hollow space with dimension a, b, c that correspond to Fig. 12, Fig. 13. And 148, 149 represent the linear dielectric insulator in between Bji and Aji and Bji to its metal shield 150.
The 150 represents the metal shield that shields the electric fields beaming in Unit VectBji direction, it is shown in a small part for clarity purpose, in practical it occupies all the Bji surfaces.
In the photo of Fig.21B) where A14 and C13 are negative conductors and their Lips positioning 151 are the same and are according to the UnitVectorAji and Unit VectorCji and are matched to Fig._12A). And A 13 is a positive conductor, its Lip positioning 152 is according to the Unit VectorAji as in analogy to C25 indicated on Fig. _12B). And at B12 153 is the Lip positioning that will be connected to B13.
The photos in Fig.-21B)-C) where notify that the 45 -Slab of hole H1 of Aji and Bji or Cji and Dji are closed together and represented by 109, 110. It is where coaxial cables are to be fastened And in general, there is one coaxial cable per cubic-conductor Aji and Cji, therefore one 45 -Slab of hole H1 109 for each Aji and Cji is sufficiently unless additional mechanical strength is required And in some situations that all negative and positive Bji are connected to result only two outputs of coaxial cables then four of the 45 -Slab of hole H1 110 will require for each Bji ¨
the same applies to Dji. The 45 -Slab of hole H2 108 and the 45 -Slab of hole H3 111 exist on four edges of the set Aji, Bji, Cji, Dji, however some are not used but they produce mechanical strength.
And C11 has 108 to represent the 45 -Slab of hole H2 ¨ as indicated with 108 in Fig. 12A) ¨ and as indicated in Fig. _14 that this local 108 on Cjj of the photo on Fig. _21B) is connected to nowhere.
Notift the two sheets 148, 149 are not installed for Cji and Dji on photos of Fig. _21A)-B)-C) for clarity.
Fig. _21A)-B)-C); the photo A) shows the transparent rectangular outer case which is used to hold the cubic-conductors together, the unit vectors of each set Aji, Cji, Bji and Dji represent the direction of the cubic-conductors surfaces and are indicated with respect to the co-ordinate y-z. Cji and Dji are pivoting to permit the view but in ordinary condition it is parallel to they-direction. The white band is used to simulate the goal line on ice, the puck had just crossed the goal line.
As indicated, the cubic-conductors have hollow space, their top electrodes with the Lips orientation as described in Fig. 12A), Fig. _12B), Fig. _13A) and Fig. J3B);
the 45 -slabs with hole H1 and 45 -slabs with hole H2 on four edges. Nog& that the holes H1 of the 45 -slabs of Aji and Bji are closed together, and the same as for Cji and Dji.
From the cardboard model, the white colour corresponds to the metal and the yellow one corresponds to the femelectric materials. All positive cubic-conductors are having four sides of parallel ferroelectric capacitors whereas the negative ones have zero, one and two sides with ferroelectric parallel capacitors.
In between Bji and Aji - or between Dji and Cji - exists the linear dielectric layer 149, these layers of linear dielectric 149 can he coated on all Aji surfaces in the direction of negative UnitVectorAji - or all Cji surfaces in the direction of negative Unit VectorCji - or the separation can be made by a single sheet insulating all Bji from Aji - or all Dji from Cji.
In between Bji and the metal shield 150 called the Outer-Rectangular-Plate 17 (see Fig. _3) has also the linear dielectric insulator layer, this layer can be coated on each Bji in the direction of Unit VectorBji or in a single sheet of insulation separating the Bji and the metal shield The same is applied in between Dji and the Dji Outer-Rectangular-Plate.
Notifi, that the 45 -slab with hole H1 for Bji and Aji are closed together.
The same is applied to Cji and Dji.
Notifii that due to the parallelism of the Unit VectorBji and Unit VectorCji, the Lips positioning of Cji are the same on Bji. And the parallel of Unit VectorAji with Unit VectorDji permit to asset that the Lips positioning of Aji are the same to Dji. From the cardboard model, the negative cubic-conductors Bji and Dji are having their top electrode Lips located in the wrong side, the red arrows direct the Lips in the right location. However with that situation doesn't bother the connection process and can easily be corrected by the image projections of Cji and Aji as mentioned Where 100 is the top Lip-electrode of 1313 but it is on the wrong side and the right side should be on the right of hole H3 of B13 that is it should be on the top in the same x-z plane of B13; also along z=constant over B13 and B 12where it shows the hole H3 of B13 is between 153 and 100.
The goal line is aligned in between All to A2i. The position of the puck that just crosses the goal line indicates that at All voltage has returned to its quiescent and A2i voltage is very high and thus indicating that the puck just crosses the goal line. For the goal line boundary set at between A li and A2i, the velocities in the x-y plcme is calculated by timing the puck's tail displacement. Let tl and t2 be the time when the last Ali and A2i are returning to its quiescent voltage; and a: the length Any-direction of an Aji. And let 13 and t4 be the time when the last Aji and Aj(i 1) are returning to its quiescent voltage; and 2a:the length in x-direction of a Aji as depicted in Fig. 3; then Vy= -a/(12-41) Vx=2a/(t4-13) The Vy is calculated when the puck travels over the imaginary line by a distance a. But if choosing the imaginary line to be in between A2i and A3i then the computed Vy from the formula corresponds to the puck that just crosses the goal line, but by doing this the space of the Open-Cube needs to be smaller, for the same cubic-conductors size, which can reduce the space available for outgoing coaxial cables. However the parameter a can be calculated to be smaller.
Theoretically, the boundary in between Aji and AO+ 1)i and the goal line must be differed by the electret boundaries with the puck outer boundaries as mentioned in section Fig. 15-a)-b)-c).
The instantaneous voltage of each capacitors CAcy, are sent to the central which will be mapped on the screen such that the time count down and the transition of the puck in time can be viewed on the screen which will clearly define that the puck did crosses the goal line e.g. Ali to A2i.
Also the screen depicts the puck instantaneous positions in the neighbourhood of the 3-Dimensional-Goal-Line-Volume-Area (3DGLVA) projected on the plane x-y, and the resolution is increased with larger odd number of I and J. _}
{ Fig. _22A)-B), the concern of parallel ferroelectric capacitor plate. In some literatures mentioned that the coercive field Ec depends on the magnitude andfrequency of the switching field E, also that under certain condition some of the energy input to a ferroelectric material can be identified as being lost irretrievable and experiments show that it is converted to thermal energy inside the material. By using the law of energy conservation and the law which stipulates that the amount of work is a function of production of heat 6W=6Q.

From the curve D versus E, when forcing D=0 to D=Da the ferroelectric produces an outward heat Qx, and when letting the ferroelectric returning some energy to do a work it produces as well as a quantity of heat Qy and D=Da is returning to Dr].
Energy inputs into the dielectric (I) + (-Qx) =Energy outputs by the dielectric to produce works (II) + Qy Thus the heat loss to the ferroelectric is the surface of D=0 to Da to Dr]
back to D=0, which is Qx+ Qy. If when D=Da and on the way returning back toward E=0 and the room temperature, Qroom, is rising such that heat goes into the ferroelectric or Qynew¨Qy-Qroom, thus the new net heat loss inside the ferroelectric is changed as well as the final D=Dr2.
Therefore, among many factors that shift the remnant polarisation, is that it can be shifted due to ambient temperature variation where this phenomena can causes Pr to be too closed to P
or D-Dr value is too small to provide the discharge of real charges to the Op-Amp.
Fig _22A)-B), where the remnant polarisation is shifted due to temperature variation; due to the beaming effect of other cubic-conductors caused by their variation in input bias currents of Op-Amps; also the electronic components that vary with temperature; due to discharging and charging of CACji when the insertion and removal of electret occurs.
Since the ferroelectric parallel capacitor has its resistance which set the quiescent voltage by J=
o[mho/m] = E[V/m]. At Fig. _22B) shows that for setting a fixed El[Wm], the voltage of the capacitor is the same for an initial value of Pri, Pr2, Pr3 but their capacitors are different due to the quantity of electric flux density INCoulomblm2].
It is therefore methodical to reset the polarisation toward near zero value before and after the operation of the ferroelectric materials. _}
{ Fig. _23 shows that when the Control-U1 activate the optoisolators which short the current source Zeners, denoted as Vzcur, the low frequency oscillator with the buffer current activate a set of power transistors which provide the primary AC voltages which are inducing the secondaries connected to the output and the inverse input of each current source Op-Amp to provide the AC current. This connection has a problem that the secondaries coils view an infinite resistance due to the R2 current component, thus the primaries produce the magnetized flux to produce their secondaries voltages, the R2 current sources depend on the secondaries voltages which impose the amplitude of the AC current into the capacitors CAQ, , the total flux in the magnetic circuit is then the sum of the flux produced by the R2 current component and the primary magnetized flux such that the net result is that the secondaries voltages and the R2 current sources will keep increasing until something will break up unless the primaries are set to provide energies to control the net flux inside the magnetic circuit in decreasing fashion as to permit to reset the Polarisation toward zero.

For a primary voltage that produces the secondary voltage of Vab(t)=VAB = SIN(wt) The capacitor voltage produced by the RI current source is Vc(t)¨(1/C) fIri(t) dt¨(VAB/(C= Ri)) SSIN(wt) dt Vc(t)=-(VAB/(C= w)) COS(wt) The current Ir2(t) flows through the secondary is Ir2(t)=Vr2(t)/R2=(Vc(t)+Vee) / R2 Ir2(t)=-(7AB /(C = Ri = R2=w)) COS(wt) + Vee/R2 Thus this Ir2(t) flows through the secondary coil to induce the secondary voltage by taking the derivative of it, where the derivative of Ir2(t) has the term SIN(wt) in phase with the secondary voltage Vab(t)=VAB = SIN(wt) such that the net voltage in the secondary are the sum of Ir2('t and the magnetized flux produced by the primary current, where as mentioned that the net vab(t) will increase until break up. Notify that the dielectric resistance is ignored in the above equations but the validity of the above break up phenomena still hold especially at low frequency. J
Fig._24 and Fig. _25; in the sketch of Fig._24 is the set of basic circuit used to reset the remnant polarisation, it composes of circuits for Dji cubic-conductors (Fig._11B) ) as well but not shown on Fig _24 but the analogue output is denoted as resm in Fig _25, for typically the pair of ACH, AC21 and AC31 cubic-conductors (Fig._9 ). And those set of cubic-conductors are having their own independent ground, denoted as GNDji with their corresponding serial 12V
Zeners in parallel with the capacitors about larger than 4700 p[F] which provide the voltage sources of Vcc= 12V and Vee=-12V
In the sketch of Fig _25, there is the set offour batteries of 12V, the D/A
converter MC1508 with the Op-Amp give out the analog voltage set by the micro-controller binary bits, the signal is amplified to the level of slightly above Vb=7.37613[V], where Vb is the quiescent voltage at the base of the NPN voltage follower indicated at the bottom of Fig. 24. There is one input buffer, voltage follower, for each input to the NP1V. The voltage-follower-with-a-gain can supply a lot of the unit gain voltage follower because each of them has very high input impedance of about Ri-unit=1.5E17 NT The quiescent voltage Vb produce the quiescent VE=6.67613[17 voltage which permits the quiescent Vab¨VE-Vref=6.67613-3.3=3.3761[V], the current charging the capacitors CAci, is Isupp¨Vab/Rcur, the value of Rcur or the setting of the quiescent voltage VE will change the Isupp value. The serial resistance-capacitor, indicated at the bottom of Fig._24, in parallel to Vref is used to slow down the increase of its voltage at turn on of the power system and thus Vab will be positive and will charge the CAcji =

In the sketch of Fig _6A)-B)-C)-D)-F), in the set of Vcc and Vee, the serial resistance R3 is used to permit to control the excessive increase in the charging current to CAci, when the electret is inserted with reversed polarity and clamps the reversed Zeners and it will charge CAC], in addition to the current Icur¨Vab/Rcur. Thus the terminals of R3 are fed to the Voltage Followers and the Differential Amplifier which in turns will increase the light emission of the Led Diode, when Ir3 is increased as mentioned, which drives the base of the optoisolator, the collector of the optoisolator is fed with a resistance to the base of the NPN
Voltage Follower.
The Zener at the optoisolator collector is used to enable only the process for Ir3 increasing due to the reversed Zeners clamping. However, assuming the Co is too small compares to ferroelectric capacitors that the effect of R3 has no use. The Fig. 24 where I2(t) which flows in serial with Vab doesn't alter the emitter voltage, VE, because when the VE
increases the feed back process will reduce its base current and thus VE will remain stable.
The sketch of Fig. _22B) depicts the estimate of the voltage curves at the emitter VE(t), vab(t) and the CAcji voltage Vc(t) for t=-t, to t>0. The curve P vs E depicts the step evolved with the voltage waveforms. So the system initially has zero polarisation and the power is off at t=-t, the system is on with VE(t)=VEQ, Vab(t)=3.3V which produces the charging current Icur¨Vab/Rcur to the CACJI which results in the polarisation raising from zero to Po, Po is the corresponding quiescent voltage in a parallel ferroelectric capacitor of V1=15V for the PLT in reference [1]. And this will keep going for the duration time of the system operation. When the system duties is terminated it will reset the polarisation to nearly zero. It is the micro-controller of Fig. _25 which sets the bits to the D/A converter to produce the VE(t) at the bottom of Fig. _24, thus at t=0, VE(t) will increase to a value that is the Psatl value which necessary larger than Po. For the P=Psatl , the voltage is 26.5[V] from [1], since the compression effect made by Bji to Dji is 10V, and the 26.5V is applied only to the ferroelectric parallel capacitors on the cubic-conductors, so the capacitor CACF voltage Vc(t) accounts the compression effect of electric fields along z-axis. To obtain 26.5V in the ferroelectric capacitors, necessarily Vc(t)=Voperation+ (26.5-V1)=5+ (26.5-15)=16.5V=Vsatl which corresponds to Psatl. From tj to 12, P=-Psatl , from 12 to t3 P=Psatl which is a closed loop - CL] on VE(t) graph, the system decreases the polarisation only when E<0. Thus at 13 to 14 P=-P2 and from 15 to 16 it is a closed loop CL2, such that VE(t) tends to the value Vref=3.3V, and from the graph Vc(t), with time, is alternating from negative to positive and decreasing toward zero and thus the P versus E curve will depict the elliptic paths which approaches the origin, as consequence Dr goes toward zero.
Notifil that the Vc(t) has the time constant, rthe=Cdie= Rd., where the micro-controller must set the interval {t(i+ 1)-ti) larger than 50 rthe . The Rd,e and Cthe correspond to the parameters of one ferroelectric parallel capacitor.
However with the use of the Op-Amp TL081 where its input voltage range VIDR=
15[V] which means Vc(t) cannot he larger than VIDR , and the batteries are +12[V].
Therefore the Vc(t) saturated value will be around +10[V], thus the voltage in the ferroelectrics of Afi and Cji will be set about 9[V] for the quiescent operation of the system and to reduce Voperation to maintain the CAcji value as described in equation (2).

The sketch of Fig. 11B) shows the set of 1=3 for analysis. At Aj2, for the beaming offields from Bj2 the charges on CI, C2, C3 and C4 cannot go to Co of Aj2 because it will cause a beaming in z-direction which will induce charges and will require an external work Which means for CACie 20 p[F], the voltage in C1 to C4 are very stable. For the resetting process with alternation of electric fields inside the ferroelectric materials from the hysteresis curve, where at some condition the charges on Co of a Aji can be opposite in polarity to its Ci to C4 charges - due to the DC beaming of Bji to Dji - which are keeping from not relocating in Co as mentioned unless in a discharge procedure, and therefore the measurement of voltage with small real charges on Co in opposite polarity to its C1 to C4 still permit a stable voltage measurement because the input bias current IR! of Op-Amp are flowing in a stable and large value of C1 to C4 capacitors.
The capacity CACfi is unchanged because of the external field Bji to Dji which change the electric potential but the CAcj, still invariant in Farad value.
And thus due to high capability of compression of electric field effect made by Bji to Dji. All ACji are resetting first, which are having their VAcidt) with two component:
one from the forced alternating voltage to reset the Polarisation in CI to C4 and one from the DC
beaming from Bji to Dji in Co only.
To account the misalignment of cubic-conductors, the fields component in z-direction made by Bji or Dji are very weak which would not matter to the ferroelectric material of the parallel capacitors in Aji, Bji, Cji and Dji. So all cubic-conductors Aji with Cji, e.g. CAcj, , are resetting its Polarisation first, then next to Bji to reset and then Dji to reset.
For starting the system's duties, the Bji and Dji are increasing independently first and stabilising their beaming effect by their clamped Zeners. Next the CAcj, voltages are increasing toward the Voperation voltage with each CACji circuit having their own independent feed back to control the initially current into CAcj, such to set a stable quiescent Voperauon value for each of CAcj, voltage.
As already mentioned, the reset of Polarisation will be done at the beginning and at the end of the system 's duties.
The bottom sketch of Fig. _24 shows the calculations of the NPN Voltage Follower. The circuit uses the following equations which permits to have a high value of R1//R2 to counter the negative resistance at the base which had been found in many experiences, however at very low frequency a large R1//R2value doesn't matter.
Vm3=VCCI=R2 /(Ri+R2) RB43=-Rje R2/(Ri+R2) RI=Vccl = RBJEI VBB
R2r---VCC I RBB/(VCC 1- VBB) Imposing RE=3E3[Q], choosing the thermal stability factor S - which by experience 10 is acceptable and the circuit leads to RBB_c9RE - as S=7, which yields RBB=----

7(3E3)=2 1E3 NT
Andfor Vcc1=Vcc=12[V], Vee¨Vee1=-12[V].
62E3[Q]
R2= 30E3 [Q]
RBB=20.22E3[Q]
fl= 100 hib 20 and hoe 22E-6[mho] at k=2.2mA
hib hie /(fl+ 1)=20 Rpb =Rsource /RBB
Rpe= 1/[(1/RE)+hoe]=2.814E3[Q]
TE-----(VBB- 0.7) / (RE+ (RBB 113))= 2 . 2254E-3 [A]
VE=IERE=2.2254E-3[4]. 3E31W-6.6761M
VBB=IB RBB+ 0.7+ IERE=7.8261[V]
Ri¨Rit//RBB=(3+ 1)1hib+Rpel//RBB
=2.863E5//20.22E3= 18.89E3[Q]
Ro hib+ (Rpb/ 03+ 1)) hib=201.91 Since the Op-Amp connected inside D/A, where the inverting input is fed by the current source of the D/A which causes its output resistance to be the same value as in open-loop output resistance of about 200[Q]. And the case temperature variation will not change the inverting and non-inverting input voltages because they are grounded and fed by the D/A
current source.
The maximum D/A output voltage is 9.961V, therefore it is necessary to set the quiescent operating point when the D/A is at 9.961/2=4.9805V. _I
( In conclusion, the principle of the system composing of the set cubic-conductors Aji, Bji, Cji and Dji is to detect the voltage variation due to the insertion of an external electric potential, which is the electret, inside the existed beam Eo from Aji to Cji.
The concern of detecting the electret, which is located inside the puck, which crosses the limit from j to j+ 1 where that limit is an imaginary fine line or plane at the coordinate x,y=constant, z or between Aji to A (1+ 1)i for any i. When the electret is crossing Aji to Ao+ 1)1 the potential in Aji varies first then the potential A(/+ 1)i varies, when the electret passes over Aji the voltage Aji returns to its quiescent value and the electret is now in A(/+i)i which causes the voltage in A 0+ vi to varies and thus voltage variation patterns permit to detect that the electret did cross Aft. More the potential energy inside the electret intersects the beam Eo of Aji to Cji more voltage variation will be occur from Aji to Cji.
Since the capacitor Co, which is the capacitor produces by the beam Eo from Aji to Cji with compression effect, is much smaller than the parasite capacities, Cp, of the order 2 Pico[F] and the internal coaxial cables capacities leaving cubic-conductors Aji and Cji.
The charges on Co alone cannot supply enough charges to the Cp unless the electret internal potential energy is tremendously high; additionally, the selected Op-Amp current sources need at least 10E-6[F] to its terminals to avoid excessive voltage undulation due to the Input Bias Current and the Zener leakage current variation. The solution to the problem is to use the ferroelectric materials to Increase the capacity view by the Op-Amp and to obtain large value of real charges to supply to all Cp and coaxial capacities on the path from Aji (or Cji) to the Op-Amp terminal.
The analysis of the discharging process from Aji to Cji is that there is the discharging through the external resistance Rext forming the voltage loop with the beam Eo of Aji to Cji and through the leakage resistances in the ferroelectric materials. Since Eo is the field with the compression effects which results in a improved capacity CAcji , where it is that CAci, which will discharge into the external resistance Rex, under the starting field Eo until the polarity on Aji to Cji are zero and all the remaining real charges in the ferroelectrics are discharging in their corresponding resistance - assuming the ferroelectric resistances on Aji are the same value as on Cji then the time constant, on both Aji and Cji, with respect to the ferroelectric material are the same. In fact, when the polarity from Aji to Cji decreased to zero, then there is the transfer of charges from Cji to Aji (as of charging) to balance with the field beamed from Bji to Dji to result a zero field inside Co. Thus the voltage between the parallel surfaces Aji to Cji are zero so all real charges on Aji or Cji are discharging in their corresponding ferroelectric -neglecting the discharge of Aji to Bji or Cji to Dji since in those directions have very high resistance.
The device operates under direct current, therefore charges are electrostatically distributed such that DC magnetic interferences from its own current are not affected due to stable quiescent voltage adjustment. Additionally, the capacitors in the ferroelectric material view at one cubic-conductor is very high which results in a very stable voltage for a constant charges, since the potential view by the surface of the cubic-conductor to other metal surfaces are the same everywhere from its surface such that the capacitor Co, causes with the beam Eo from Aji to Cji, which is smaller than the parasite capacitance and having the same potential as the potential in the ferroelectric materials - not accounting the compression of electric field effect made by Bji to Dji - such that a very small quantity of real charges in Co still permit a very stable voltage in Co because when the ferroelectric voltages are stable then Co voltage is stable.
The beaming sensors device is shielded with metal and very hardy. The shielding blocks major forced disturbances from external magnetic and electric fields.
The advantage of this invention of sensors operating with electric fields is that the detection feature is concentrated on the passage of the electret, inside an object, through a plane x-z at y=y1; where the accuracy is very high because the electric fields beams are very sharp and they change their 1800 directions from coordinate y1 to yT without having a zero value of electric field And therefore, theoretically the accuracy is infinitesimally small. The thickness of the electret decrease the practical precision detection due to its internal leakage fields at the extremities, the thinner the electret does increase the precision.

The response time to detect the electrets embedded in the puck is equal to the relaxation time of the metal used in the Aji, Cji. Because the electret contains the electric field and behaves as a voltage source. When it is inserted instantaneously into a fraction of Co, where the capacitor of free space is smaller than with the presence of a dielectric and that real charges propagation is as offree space under Gauss's law, then the closed loop conservative of electric field will be transited as if Co is free space followed by the response of dielectric inside Co to yield a voltage. The net response will then be attributed to the electronics system response.
In terms of hollow and full metal of Aji, Cji, Bji, and Dji. The quantum effect does cause the distribution of real charges in accordance to the capacity viewed on the metal surface. The field equation of the form alC/m2] / e0[F/m1 exists in the parallel plates capacitor and in the metal surface real charge cases. Where two same polarity equations a/coproduce a propagation that theoretically goes to infinity means the production of infinite electric energy; and the relation to a point charge electrical energy calculation accounting the radius tending toward zero yields also an infinite energy or the literature called it the self-energy.
Where by taking a single hollow or full metal Aji in space and charge it then to insert it manually into the set of cubic-conductors Aji, Cji, Bji, Dji. Then the beaming effect that theoretically goes to infinity in the direction of x and y will occur as a process developed in the cubic-conductors system of IHPSS. To charge a single said Aji electronically may account the law of conservation of energy, such as the variation of entropy dS> (SQ/T.
Where the question offull metal may intervene to circumvent the law of conservation of energy with the quantum effect and the field form equation oleo that occurs inside the metal under its self-energy.
Also for a hollow Aji beamed by Bji where on the transition the Aji has the internal wall induced real charges, where by the law of Lorentz these induced charges tend to flow as current source toward the metal Aji surfaces to flush existing surface charges such to result in equal voltage from metal Aji surfaces to others surrounding cubic-conductors metal surfaces under electrostatic condition. It is a process to substitute for full metal quantum effects.
Therefore, it would need only the compression beaming effect to occur as described in Fig._11A),B),C). That is from Dji towards Bji passing through Cji-Aji. It is sufficient that it needs only one set such as Bji as full metals and the remaining Aji, Cji, Dji can be in hollow metals.
Other methods use the magnetic fields and the magnetic sensors, the problem is that the magnetic sensors will activate by the Faraday's law under the time derivative of the total external magnetic fields beaming to the sensors. Therefore for an object emitting a magnetic field which when initially positioned near the sensors and instantaneously being stroke and flew in an arbitrary direction, this instantaneous variation of its fields beaming to the sensors will trigger the sensors; as the result the magnetic sensors are blind in according to its tracking threshold voltage which varies randomly.

The detection process using lights has the disadvantage that when an outer interference object blocks the light emitter from reaching its sensors then the detection process is blind Additionally, the light energy emitted are absorbed and reflected in air which causes the blurring effect around the object-emitter contour such that the light sensors will view a virtually larger object.
The process of an emitter using ultra-sound and its sensors has the disadvantage that the ultra-sound energies are fleeing everywhere and its energy amplitudes are randomly decreasing due to external object obstruction. _I

[1] Electrical Properties of Lead Lanthanum Titanate Thin-Film Capacitors Prepared by Sol-Gel Method; Su Jae Lee, MM Su JANG, Chae Ryong CHO, Kwang Yong KANG1 and Seok Kit HAN1 ; Department of Physics, Pusan National University, san 30 Jang Jun-dong, Kumjeong-ku, Pusan 609-735, Korea.
1 Research Department, ETRI, Yusong P.O. Box 106, Taejon 305-600, Korea Jpn. J. App!. Phys. Vol. 34 (1995) pp. 6133-6138 Part 1, No. 11, November 1995 [2] Characteristics of Lead Magnesium Niobate Thin Film Prepared by Sol-Gel Processing Using a Complexing Agent ; Ki Hyun Yoon, Jeong Hwan Park, and Dong Heon Kang ; Department of Ceramic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea.
Communications of the American Ceramic Society Vol. 78, No.8 August 1995 Manuscript No. 192794, Received February 28, 1995; approved June 5, 1995.
Supported by Daewoo Electronic Co.
* Member, American Ceramic Society.
+Permanent address: Deparment of Electronic Materials Engineering, The University of Suwon, Suwon, Korea.
[3] Characteristics of Thick Lead Zirconate Titanate Films Fabricated Using a new Sol Gel Based Process ; D.A. Barrow 54 , T.E. Petroff a'b , R.P. Tandon C, and M.
Sayer ;
Department of physics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6.

Datec Coating Corporation, Fleming Hall, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6.
b Department of chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L
3N6.
National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India.

Claims (5)

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follow:

1. An Ice_Hockey_Puck_Scoring_System (IHPSS) permitting to detect the position, projected over an imaginary plane in parallel to the two vertical posts of the Hockey net and is perpendicular to the goal line of the Hockey net, of a puck by means of electric flux densities [C/m2] produced by a set of metal cubic-conductors Aji, Bji, Cji and Dji; the said cubic-conductors Aji and Bji are located inside one vertical post of the Hockey net, and the said cubic-conductors Cji and Dji are located inside of the other vertical post of the Hockey net for i and j are along x and y axis and i=1,2...I and j=1,2...J, I and J in odd integers; the coordinate of orthogonal axis with the origin where z axis is along the goal line and z=0 is in the middle of the goal line, and x axis is perpendicularly upward to the ice surface, and the positive y axis points to the opposite team Hockey net; the said puck has electrets that are distributed arbitrarily inside the puck.

2. The system of claim 1, where each cubic-Conductor is of type full or hollow metal; where hollow metal means the cubic-conductor has an inner and outer perimeter forming a thickness layer; and the full metal means the cubic-conductor has the inner perimeter of zero value; and where each said metal cubic-conductor is electrically charged [Coulomb] to provide surface capacitance [Farad] viewed to its neighbouring metal cubic-conductors

3. Me system of claim 1, where one metal shield surrounds the metal cubic-conductors Cji and Dji and another metal shield surrounds the metal cubic-conductors Aji and Bji where said two metal shields are having the same equipotential surface by being connected to each other by a metal wire and allowing electrostatic electric flux densities [C/m2] pointing from metal cubic-conductors Cji to metal cubic-conductors Aji in the z-direction along the Hockey goal line;
where the said puck with embedded electrets in claim 1 is travelling to intersect with said electric flux densities [C/m2].

4. The system of claim 3, where for each pair of metal cubic-conductor Aji arid metal cubic-conductor Cji, for each integer value of j and i, where coulomb charges are transferred from metal cubic-conductor Aji to metal cubic-conductor Cji by one current source where two coaxial cables are used to connect the cathode and anode terminals of said current source to the metal cubic-conductor Aji and to the metal cubic-conductor Cji where the metal shield layer of each of the said coaxial cables has the same equipotential surface, by wire connections, with the two metal shields that surround the metal cubic-conductors Aji, Bji, Cji and Dji, and the said current source is of type TLO81.
5. The system of claim 1, where for all the metal cubic-conductors Bji, where all the negative charged cubic-conductors are transferring the Coulomb charges to all the positive charged cubic-conductors by the use of one current source of type TLO81; the capacitance viewed of Bji to Aji allows to increase the capacity in farad from each Aji to Cji and to set qutescent voltages from Aji to Cji.

5. The system of claim 1, where for all the metal cubic-conductors Dji, where all the negative charged cubic-conductors are transferring the Coulomb charges to all the positive charged cubic-conductors by the use of one current source of type TLO81; the capacitance viewed of Dji to Cji allows to increase the capacity in farad from each Aji to Cji and to set quiescent voltages from Aji to Cji.