CA2206732A1 - Method of controlling the press force in a continuously operating press - Google Patents
Method of controlling the press force in a continuously operating pressInfo
- Publication number
- CA2206732A1 CA2206732A1 CA002206732A CA2206732A CA2206732A1 CA 2206732 A1 CA2206732 A1 CA 2206732A1 CA 002206732 A CA002206732 A CA 002206732A CA 2206732 A CA2206732 A CA 2206732A CA 2206732 A1 CA2206732 A1 CA 2206732A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- press
- force
- heating plates
- controlling
- maximum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000418 atomic force spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100328887 Caenorhabditis elegans col-34 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B5/00—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups
- B30B5/04—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of an endless band
- B30B5/06—Presses characterised by the use of pressing means other than those mentioned in the preceding groups wherein the pressing means is in the form of an endless band co-operating with another endless band
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/24—Moulding or pressing characterised by using continuously acting presses having endless belts or chains moved within the compression zone
Abstract
The invention relates to a method of controlling the press force on the press heating plates within the press length of an operating cycle in the production of particleboards, fiberboards and similar wooden-material boards, and also of plastic sheets, using a continuously operating press. In order to increase the longitudinal deformation gradient of the press heating plates, the invention consists in the fact that, in the event of a reduction of the specific press force from the maximum toward zero, the setting force for the longitudinal deformation of the press heating plates is increased accordingly, or, in the event of an increase in the specific press force from zero toward the maximum, the setting force for the longitudinal deformation of the press heating plates is reduced accordingly.
Description
CA 02206732 1997-0~-29 METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE PRESS FORCE IN A
CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING PRESS
The invention relates to a method of controlling the press force in a continuously operating press.
DE-A 44 05 342 has disclosed a continuously operat-ing press which operates in accordance with this method and on which the invention is based. The object on which this specification was based was to provide a continuously operating press of the type mentioned which makes it possible, longitudinally and transversely along the pressing path between the upper and lower press heating plates, to control or adjust hydro-mechanically a change in the press nip distances both in idling mode prior to entry of the material to be pressed (start-up mode) and also in loaded mode during production, in an on-line method in a few seconds. The solution provided has proved itself in practice. The significant part of this solution is the elastic-nonpositive suspension or connection of the upper press heating plate to the upper press ram, which can be flexibly controlled hydro-mechanically, and of the lower press heating plate to the lower, stationary press table, on which one or more hydraulic short-stroke plunger cylinders per press column or press frame structure are arranged transversely, centrically with respect to the convex bending deformation.
By means of this continuously operating press, the longitudinal bending deformation of the upper press heating plate in the relaxation section b + c + d of the pressing path L, particularly as required in the produc-tion of fiberboards (MDF), having steep deformation gradients (decompression angle ~1 and compression angle ~2) can be controlled hydraulically by means of the mechanical actuating mechanisms on any desired press CA 02206732 1997-0~-29 section along the pressing path L, but the structure of these mechanical actuating mechanisms is expensive.
The invention is based on the object of providing a method of controlling the press force, by means of which method the longitudinal deformation gradient of the upper or lower press heating plate can be increased without major economic outlay.
According to the invention, there is provided a method of controlling the press force on the press heating plates within the press length of an operating cycle in the production of particleboards, fiberboards and similar wooden-material boards, and also of plastic sheets, using a continuously operating press, wherein, in the event of a reduction of the specific press force from the maximum toward zero, the setting force for the longitudinal deformation of the press heating plates is increased accordingly, or, in the event o~ an increase in the ~pecific pre~ force from zero toward the maxi-mum, the setting force for the longitudinal deformation of the press heating plates is reduced accordingly.
By means of the method according to the invention, by controlling reduced press forces in the decompression section b as a transition to the relaxation section c and the adjoining compression section d of a continuously operating press, it is accordingly possible to utilize greater deformation values in the longitudinal region; that is to say, with a view to the permissible overall load-bearing capacity from the sum of the bending stresses, resulting from the press forces and deformation stresses within the sections b and d (Figure 3 and Figure 5), a steeper, and therefore more rapid, change in the nip distance per meter can be set over the pressing path L between upper and lower press heating plates, which on average, i.e. in practical applications, means that the change in press nip is doubled compared to the hitherto general prior art, from CA 02206732 1997-0~-29 tan ~1 or tan a!2 Of about 2 mm/m to tan ~1 or tan ~2 of about 4 mm/m.
The method according to the invention is described in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which:
Figure 1 shows a side view of a continuously operating press for carrying out the method according to the invention, Figure 2 shows a detail from Figure 1, Figure 3 shows the continuously operating press in accordance with Figure 1, on a smaller scale, Figure 4 shows a diagram of the longitudinal deformation according to the prior art and the deformation gradient according to the invention, Figure 5 shows the press force profile curve, corresponding to the displacement curve A in accordance with Fig. 4, Figure 6 shows the displacement curve B having a steeper deformation gradient according to the invention with the same length of the ~ relaxation section c, and Figure 7 shows the press force profile curve, corresponding to the displacement curve B of Figure 6, with a greater utilizable action of press force and thermal energy along the available pressing path.
The method according to the invention relates to a process control within a continuously operating press 1 (Figure 1) for longitudinal deformation corresponding to the law sigma-total [atOt] resulting from sigma-deformation [av] and sigma-bending deformation [a~], from the effect of specific press pressures. According to the prior art, a longitudinal deformation in the change in press nip between lower and upper press heating plates 33 and 34 of 2 mm per meter is currently possible, i.e. in practice this law has not been CA 02206732 1997-0~-29 sufficiently appreciated or has not been specifically used for a process control. The gradient of the longitudinal deformability results from the permissible, material-determined load-bearing capacity, for example o~ the upper pres~ he~ting plate 34, when the latter is deformed, by the action of the bending stress owing to the effective press forces and the technically desired longitudinal deformation of this pre~~ heating plate 34.
If, for example, the press forces were increased further, it would be necessary, in order to prevent the press heating plate 34 from being destroyed, to minimize the deformation value, or conversely the deformation value could be increased if the press force, that is to say the bending ef~ect, is minimized. For example, according to Figure 3, in the production of fiberboards an increase in the press nip is to be controlled for the relaxation section c. In this case, in addition to the change in press nip in accordance with Figure 4 with the press nip 14 becoming larger, there is produced a change in press force in accordance with Figure 5 from maximum press force toward zero press force. This means that, as the press force decreases, which is adjusted accordingly by means of the actuators, a greater deformation gradient can be set from actuator to actuator, that is to say from press column 22 to press column 22.
That means, with regard to the permissible deformation values, the press nip distance between lower and upper press heating plates 33 and 34 can thus advan-tageously be set more rapidly in accordance with Figure5 with a steeper deformation gradient tan ~l and tan ~2.
The continuously operating press 1 for the method according to the invention comprises, in accordance with Figures 1 and 2, as its main components, the press table 2 and the vertically movable press ram 3 which acts to set the press nip, and the tensioning brackets 13 CA 02206732 1997-0~-29 connecting them in a positively locking manner. Entry crossbeams 21 are arranged at the end sides of press table 2 and press ram 3 and serve as anchoring and bearing location for the drive rollers 7 and 8, the deflecting rollers 9 and 10. The shoulders or protrusions projecting out of the web plates 16 on the left and right act as abutments for raising and lowering the press ram 3, press cylinder-piston arrangements 26/27 being arranged in openings 25 in the tensioning brackets 13.
It can further be seen from Figure 1 how the deflecting rollers 9 and 10 form the entry nip 11 and how the roll bars 12, which are guided with the steel bands 5 and 6 around press table 2 and press ram 3, are supported against the press heating plates 33 and 34.
That is to say that the revolving roll bars 12, as an example of a rolling support, are arranged between the press heating plates 33 and 34 and the steel bands 5 and 6 so as to roll along with them. The material 4 to be pressed is drawn through the press nip 14 together with the steel bands 5 and 6, which are driven by the drive rollers 7 and 8, and is pressed into boards.
The hydraulic short-stroke cylinders 29 are arranged together with short-stroke pistons 30 beneath the press heating plate 33 and are supported on support plates of the lower web plates 15.
By means of the method, the longitudinal deformation gradients of the upper or lower press heating plates 33 and 34 (see Figure 5) are increased, i.e. approximately doubled, in the decompression section b to the relaxation section c and in the compression section d. The method according to the invention is particularly beneficial for the production of ultralightweight boards with an optimum apparent density profile, owing to highly compacted top layers, and accordingly leads to a reduction in the pressing factor CA 02206732 1997-0~-29 (by about 10~), because in accordance with Figure 6 (see integral areas) more press length is available owing to longer action of press force in the sections d and e, in order to supply thermal energy under pressure. Thus, as a result a greater production output can be achieved.
The decompression section b and compression section d can be controlled optimally on-line in accordance with the thickness and/or the density of the material to be pressed as a function of the speed of the steel band, along the pressing path L; that is to say, the method according to the invention provides a significant economic advantage without having to employ additional mechanical expenditure.
It is furthermore advantageous according to the invention that, in the event of a reduction of the speci~ic press force from the maximum to zero, or vice versa, the longitudinal gradient tan ~ can be set to be approximately twice as large as the gradient tan ~ at maximum press force, and this possibility for setting can be controlled as desired along the entire pressing path L
CA 02206732 1997-0~-29 List o~ re~erence symbols (use-d in the dxawinqs):
1. Continuously operating press 2. Press table 3. Press ram 4. Material to be pressed 5. Bottom steel bands 6. Top steel bands 7. Bottom drive roller 8. Top drive roller 9. Bottom deflecting roller 10. Top deflecting roller 11. Entry nip 12. Roll bars 13. Tensioning brackets 14. Press nip 15. Bottom web plates 16. Top web plates 17.
CONTINUOUSLY OPERATING PRESS
The invention relates to a method of controlling the press force in a continuously operating press.
DE-A 44 05 342 has disclosed a continuously operat-ing press which operates in accordance with this method and on which the invention is based. The object on which this specification was based was to provide a continuously operating press of the type mentioned which makes it possible, longitudinally and transversely along the pressing path between the upper and lower press heating plates, to control or adjust hydro-mechanically a change in the press nip distances both in idling mode prior to entry of the material to be pressed (start-up mode) and also in loaded mode during production, in an on-line method in a few seconds. The solution provided has proved itself in practice. The significant part of this solution is the elastic-nonpositive suspension or connection of the upper press heating plate to the upper press ram, which can be flexibly controlled hydro-mechanically, and of the lower press heating plate to the lower, stationary press table, on which one or more hydraulic short-stroke plunger cylinders per press column or press frame structure are arranged transversely, centrically with respect to the convex bending deformation.
By means of this continuously operating press, the longitudinal bending deformation of the upper press heating plate in the relaxation section b + c + d of the pressing path L, particularly as required in the produc-tion of fiberboards (MDF), having steep deformation gradients (decompression angle ~1 and compression angle ~2) can be controlled hydraulically by means of the mechanical actuating mechanisms on any desired press CA 02206732 1997-0~-29 section along the pressing path L, but the structure of these mechanical actuating mechanisms is expensive.
The invention is based on the object of providing a method of controlling the press force, by means of which method the longitudinal deformation gradient of the upper or lower press heating plate can be increased without major economic outlay.
According to the invention, there is provided a method of controlling the press force on the press heating plates within the press length of an operating cycle in the production of particleboards, fiberboards and similar wooden-material boards, and also of plastic sheets, using a continuously operating press, wherein, in the event of a reduction of the specific press force from the maximum toward zero, the setting force for the longitudinal deformation of the press heating plates is increased accordingly, or, in the event o~ an increase in the ~pecific pre~ force from zero toward the maxi-mum, the setting force for the longitudinal deformation of the press heating plates is reduced accordingly.
By means of the method according to the invention, by controlling reduced press forces in the decompression section b as a transition to the relaxation section c and the adjoining compression section d of a continuously operating press, it is accordingly possible to utilize greater deformation values in the longitudinal region; that is to say, with a view to the permissible overall load-bearing capacity from the sum of the bending stresses, resulting from the press forces and deformation stresses within the sections b and d (Figure 3 and Figure 5), a steeper, and therefore more rapid, change in the nip distance per meter can be set over the pressing path L between upper and lower press heating plates, which on average, i.e. in practical applications, means that the change in press nip is doubled compared to the hitherto general prior art, from CA 02206732 1997-0~-29 tan ~1 or tan a!2 Of about 2 mm/m to tan ~1 or tan ~2 of about 4 mm/m.
The method according to the invention is described in more detail with reference to the drawing, in which:
Figure 1 shows a side view of a continuously operating press for carrying out the method according to the invention, Figure 2 shows a detail from Figure 1, Figure 3 shows the continuously operating press in accordance with Figure 1, on a smaller scale, Figure 4 shows a diagram of the longitudinal deformation according to the prior art and the deformation gradient according to the invention, Figure 5 shows the press force profile curve, corresponding to the displacement curve A in accordance with Fig. 4, Figure 6 shows the displacement curve B having a steeper deformation gradient according to the invention with the same length of the ~ relaxation section c, and Figure 7 shows the press force profile curve, corresponding to the displacement curve B of Figure 6, with a greater utilizable action of press force and thermal energy along the available pressing path.
The method according to the invention relates to a process control within a continuously operating press 1 (Figure 1) for longitudinal deformation corresponding to the law sigma-total [atOt] resulting from sigma-deformation [av] and sigma-bending deformation [a~], from the effect of specific press pressures. According to the prior art, a longitudinal deformation in the change in press nip between lower and upper press heating plates 33 and 34 of 2 mm per meter is currently possible, i.e. in practice this law has not been CA 02206732 1997-0~-29 sufficiently appreciated or has not been specifically used for a process control. The gradient of the longitudinal deformability results from the permissible, material-determined load-bearing capacity, for example o~ the upper pres~ he~ting plate 34, when the latter is deformed, by the action of the bending stress owing to the effective press forces and the technically desired longitudinal deformation of this pre~~ heating plate 34.
If, for example, the press forces were increased further, it would be necessary, in order to prevent the press heating plate 34 from being destroyed, to minimize the deformation value, or conversely the deformation value could be increased if the press force, that is to say the bending ef~ect, is minimized. For example, according to Figure 3, in the production of fiberboards an increase in the press nip is to be controlled for the relaxation section c. In this case, in addition to the change in press nip in accordance with Figure 4 with the press nip 14 becoming larger, there is produced a change in press force in accordance with Figure 5 from maximum press force toward zero press force. This means that, as the press force decreases, which is adjusted accordingly by means of the actuators, a greater deformation gradient can be set from actuator to actuator, that is to say from press column 22 to press column 22.
That means, with regard to the permissible deformation values, the press nip distance between lower and upper press heating plates 33 and 34 can thus advan-tageously be set more rapidly in accordance with Figure5 with a steeper deformation gradient tan ~l and tan ~2.
The continuously operating press 1 for the method according to the invention comprises, in accordance with Figures 1 and 2, as its main components, the press table 2 and the vertically movable press ram 3 which acts to set the press nip, and the tensioning brackets 13 CA 02206732 1997-0~-29 connecting them in a positively locking manner. Entry crossbeams 21 are arranged at the end sides of press table 2 and press ram 3 and serve as anchoring and bearing location for the drive rollers 7 and 8, the deflecting rollers 9 and 10. The shoulders or protrusions projecting out of the web plates 16 on the left and right act as abutments for raising and lowering the press ram 3, press cylinder-piston arrangements 26/27 being arranged in openings 25 in the tensioning brackets 13.
It can further be seen from Figure 1 how the deflecting rollers 9 and 10 form the entry nip 11 and how the roll bars 12, which are guided with the steel bands 5 and 6 around press table 2 and press ram 3, are supported against the press heating plates 33 and 34.
That is to say that the revolving roll bars 12, as an example of a rolling support, are arranged between the press heating plates 33 and 34 and the steel bands 5 and 6 so as to roll along with them. The material 4 to be pressed is drawn through the press nip 14 together with the steel bands 5 and 6, which are driven by the drive rollers 7 and 8, and is pressed into boards.
The hydraulic short-stroke cylinders 29 are arranged together with short-stroke pistons 30 beneath the press heating plate 33 and are supported on support plates of the lower web plates 15.
By means of the method, the longitudinal deformation gradients of the upper or lower press heating plates 33 and 34 (see Figure 5) are increased, i.e. approximately doubled, in the decompression section b to the relaxation section c and in the compression section d. The method according to the invention is particularly beneficial for the production of ultralightweight boards with an optimum apparent density profile, owing to highly compacted top layers, and accordingly leads to a reduction in the pressing factor CA 02206732 1997-0~-29 (by about 10~), because in accordance with Figure 6 (see integral areas) more press length is available owing to longer action of press force in the sections d and e, in order to supply thermal energy under pressure. Thus, as a result a greater production output can be achieved.
The decompression section b and compression section d can be controlled optimally on-line in accordance with the thickness and/or the density of the material to be pressed as a function of the speed of the steel band, along the pressing path L; that is to say, the method according to the invention provides a significant economic advantage without having to employ additional mechanical expenditure.
It is furthermore advantageous according to the invention that, in the event of a reduction of the speci~ic press force from the maximum to zero, or vice versa, the longitudinal gradient tan ~ can be set to be approximately twice as large as the gradient tan ~ at maximum press force, and this possibility for setting can be controlled as desired along the entire pressing path L
CA 02206732 1997-0~-29 List o~ re~erence symbols (use-d in the dxawinqs):
1. Continuously operating press 2. Press table 3. Press ram 4. Material to be pressed 5. Bottom steel bands 6. Top steel bands 7. Bottom drive roller 8. Top drive roller 9. Bottom deflecting roller 10. Top deflecting roller 11. Entry nip 12. Roll bars 13. Tensioning brackets 14. Press nip 15. Bottom web plates 16. Top web plates 17.
18.
19.
20.
21. Entry crossbeams 22. Press columns 23.
24.
25. Opening in tensioning bracket 26. Press cylinder 27. Press piston 28.
29. Short-stroke cylinder 30. Short-stroke piston 31.
32.
33. Bottom heating plates 34. Top heating plates L Pressing path ~ ..
~1/2 Possible angle settings using prior art ~1/2 Possible angle setting using the invention A Displacement curve B Displacement curve b Decompression section c Relaxation section d Compression section e Sizing section
~1/2 Possible angle settings using prior art ~1/2 Possible angle setting using the invention A Displacement curve B Displacement curve b Decompression section c Relaxation section d Compression section e Sizing section
Claims (3)
1. A method of controlling the press force on the press heating plates within the press length of an operating cycle in the production of particleboards, fiberboards and similar wooden-material boards, and also of plastic sheets, using a continuously operating press, wherein, in the event of a reduction of the specific press force from the maximum toward zero, the setting force for the longitudinal deformation of the press heating plates is increased accordingly, or, in the event of an increase in the specific press force from zero toward the maximum, the setting force for the longitudinal deformation of the press heating plates is reduced accordingly.
2. The method for controlling the press force as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in the event of a reduction of the specific press force from the maximum toward zero, or vice versa, the longitudinal gradient tan .beta. is set to be approximately twice as large as the gradient tan .alpha. at maximum press force.
3. The method for controlling the press force as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein this possibility for setting can be controlled as desired along the entire pressing path L.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19622197A DE19622197A1 (en) | 1996-06-03 | 1996-06-03 | Method for controlling pressing force on heat plates of press |
| DEDE19622197.8 | 1996-06-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2206732A1 true CA2206732A1 (en) | 1997-12-03 |
Family
ID=7795983
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002206732A Abandoned CA2206732A1 (en) | 1996-06-03 | 1997-05-29 | Method of controlling the press force in a continuously operating press |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5875708A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2206732A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19622197A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19918492C5 (en) * | 1999-04-23 | 2006-10-05 | Siempelkamp Maschinen- Und Anlagenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process for pressing pressed material mats into pressed material slabs in the course of the production of chipboard, fiberboard and other wood-based panels |
| DE102005000717A1 (en) | 2005-01-03 | 2006-07-20 | Dieffenbacher Gmbh + Co. Kg | Continuous press for the production of plates |
| JP4299257B2 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2009-07-22 | 株式会社理研オプテック | Load cell zero point correction circuit |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE447081B (en) * | 1985-03-13 | 1986-10-27 | Kmw Ab | HOT PRESSURE FOR TREATING A CONTINUOUS MATERIAL COURSE |
| DE3734180C2 (en) * | 1987-10-09 | 1998-01-29 | Kuesters Eduard Maschf | Double belt press for the production of chipboard and the like |
| DE4301594C2 (en) * | 1993-01-21 | 2002-10-31 | Dieffenbacher Gmbh Maschf | Process and plant for the production of chipboard |
| DE4405342B4 (en) * | 1994-02-19 | 2004-05-27 | Maschinenfabrik J. Dieffenbacher Gmbh & Co | Continuously working press |
-
1996
- 1996-06-03 DE DE19622197A patent/DE19622197A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-05-29 CA CA002206732A patent/CA2206732A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-06-02 US US08/867,647 patent/US5875708A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19622197A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
| US5875708A (en) | 1999-03-02 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |