CA2200583A1 - Human galactokinase gene - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention relates to human galactokinase and the identification of galactokinase mutations, a missense and nonsense, as well as isolated nucleic acids encoding same, recombinant host cell transformed with DNA encoding such proteins and to uses of the expressed proteins and nucleic acid sequences in therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

Description

Human GalactQI-in~e Gene This invention was made in part with go~ lllellt support under EY-09404 awarded by the National Institutes of Health. The U.S. Gove~ ent has certain rights in the invention.

Cross-Reference to R~ ed Applications:
This appli~tion is a continuation in part of Serial No. PCT/US94/10825, filed 23 September 1994.

Field of the Invention:
This invention relates to human galactokinase and the identifi~ation of g~l~stokin~ce mutations, a mi~sen~e and nonsense, as well as isolated nucleic acids encoding same, recombinant host cell transformed with DNA encoding such proteins and to uses of the expressed proteins and nucleic acid sequences in thcl~e~l~ic and diagnostic applications.

Background of the Invention:
There are numerous inherited human metabolic disorders, most of which are recessive. Many have devastating effects that may include a combination of several clinical features, such as severe mental retardation, impairment of the peripheral nervous system, blindness, hearing deficiency and organomegaly. Most of the disorders are rare. However, the majority of such disorders cannot be treated bydrugs.
Galact~ kin~e deficiency is one of three known forms of galactosemia. The other forms are galactose-l-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency and UDP-g~ rtose-4-e~ cl~se deficiency. All three enzymes are irlvolved in galactose metabolism, i.e., the conversion of galactose to glucose in the body. Galactokin~e defici~-ncy is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with a heterozygote frequency estim~teA to be 0.2% in the general population (see, e.g., Levy et al., J. Pediatr.~
~2:871-877 (1978)). Patients with homozygous galactokinase deficiency usually become symptomatic in the early infantile period showing galactosemia, galactosura, increased galactitol levels, cataracts and in a few cases, mental 40 retardation (Segal et al., J. Pediatr~:750-752 (1979)). These symptoms usually improve dramatically with the ~iministration of a galactose free diet.
Heterozygotes for galactokinase deficiency are prone to presenile cataracts with the S onset during 20-50 years of age (Stambolian et al., Invest. Ophthal. Vis. Sci..
~7:429-433 (1986)).
Galactokin~ce activity has been found in a variety of m~mm~ n tissues, including liver, kidney, brain, lens, placenta, erythrocytes and leukocytes. While the protein has been purified from E. coli, the purification of the protein from10 m~mm,.li~n tissues has proven difficult due to its low cellular concentration. In addition, the molecular basis of galactokinase deficiency is unknown.
This invention provides a human galactokin~ce gene. The DNAs of this invention, such as the specific sequences disclosed herein, are useful in that they encode the genetic information required for expression of this protein. Additionally, 15 the sequences may be used as probes in order to isolate and identify additional members, of the family, type andlor subtype as well mutations which may form thebasis of galactokin~ce deficiency which may be characterized by site-specific mutations or by atypical expression of the galactokinase gene. The galactokin~cegene is also useful as a diagnostic agent to identify mutant galactokin~ce proteins or 20 as a therapeutic agent via gene therapy.
The first clinical trials of gene therapy began in 1990. Since that time, more than 70 clinical trial protocols have been reviewed and approved by a regulatory authority such as the NIH's Recombinant Advisory Co..,.~ e (RAC), see, e.g., Anderson, W. F., Human Gene Therapy~ 5:281-282 (1994). The 25 therapeutic treatm~nt of rlice~ces and disorders by gene therapy involves the transfer and stable insertion of new genetic information into cells. The correction of a genetic defect by re-introduction of the norrnal allele of a gene has hence demonstrated that this concept is clinically feasible (see, e.g., Rosenberg et al., New Eng. J. Med.. ~: 570 (1990)).
These and additional uses for the reagents described herein will become a~,arel1t to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading this specification.
Summary of the Invention:
This invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding human galactokin~ce, as well as nucleic acid molecules encoding missense and nonsense mutations, which includes mRNAs, DNAs (e.g., cDNA, genomic DNA, etc.), as well as ~nticence analogs thereof and diagnostically or therapeutically useful fragments thereof.
This invention also provides recombinant vectors, such as cloning and expression plasmids useful as reagents in the recombinant production of human wo 96/09374 2 2 0 0 5 8 3 Pcr/uss5lo6743 5 galactokin~e proteins, as well as recombin~nt prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic host cells comprising a human galactokinase nucleic acid sequence.
This invention also provides a process for preparing human galactokinase proteins which comprises culturing recombinant prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic host - cells, cont~ining a human galactnkin~e nucleic acid sequence, under conditions promoting expression of said protein and subsequent recovery thereof of said protein. Another related aspect of this invention is isolated human galactokinase proteins produced by said method. In yet another aspect, this invention also provides antibodies that are directed to (i.e., bind) human g~l~ctokin~se proteins.
This invention also provides an i~ol~tecl human galactokin~ce proteins having a mi~sen~e or nonsense mutation and antibodies (monoclonal or polyclonal)that are specifically reactive with said proteins.
This invention also provides nucleic acid probes and PCR primers comprising nucleic acid molecules of sufficient length to specifically hybridize to human galactokin~ce sequences.
This invention also provides a method to diagnose human g~l~ctolin~e deficiency which comprises isolating a nucleic acid sample from an individual and assaying the sequence of said nucleic acid sample with the reference gene of theinvention and cc,lllpa~ g dirrerences between said sample and the nucleic acid of the instant invention, wherein said differences indicate mutations in the human g~ tckin~e gene isolated from an individual. The sample can be assayed by direct sequence co~ ~ison (i.e., DNA sequencing), wherein the sample nucleic acid can be compared to the reference galactokin~e gene, by hybridi_ation (e.g.,mobility shift assays such as heteroduplex gel electrophoresis, SSCP or other techniques such as Northern or Southern blotting which are based upon the length of the nucleic acid sequence) or other known gel electrophoresis methods such as RLFP (for example, by restriction endonuclease digestion of a sample amplified by PCR (for DNA) or PCR-RT (for RNA)). ~ltern~tively~ the diagnostic method comprises isolating cells from an individual containing genomic DNA and assayingsaid sample (e.g., cellular RNA) by in situ hyb~ifli7~tion using the DNA sequçnce of the invention, or at least one exon, or a fragment containing at least 15, preferably 18, and more preferably 21 contiguous base pairs as a probe. This invention alsoprovides an anti~en~e oligonucleotide having a sequence capable of binding with mRNAs encoding human galactokinase so as to identify mutant g~l~ctokin~e genes.
This invention also provides yet another method to diagnose human galactokinase deficiency which comprises obtaining a serum or tissue sarnple;
allowing such sample to come in contact with an antibody or antibody fragment W O 96/09374 ~ ~ O D 5 ~ 3 PCTrUS95/06743 S which specific~lly binds to a mutant human galactokin~ce protein of the invention under conditions such that an antigen-antibody complex is formed between said antibody (or antibody fragment) and said mutant galactokinase protein; and ~letecting the presence or absence of said complex.
This invention also provides transgenic non-human ~nim~lc comprising a nucleic acid molecule encoding human g~l~ctokin~ce. Also provided are methods for use of said transgenic ~nim~lc as models for disease states, mutation and SAR.
This invention also provides a method for treating conditions which are related to incnlffi~ient human galactokinase activity which comprises ~tlminictering to a patient in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition containing the galactcl~in~ce protein of the invention which is effective to supplement a patient's endogenousg~lactr)l~in~ce and thereby alleviating said condition.
This invention also provides a method for treating conditions which are related to insufficient human galactokinase activity via gene therapy. An additional, or reference, gene comprising the non-mutant galactokinase gene of the instant invention is inserted into a patient's cells either in vivo or ex vivo. The reference gene is c~yl~ssed in transfected cells and as a result, the protein encoded by the reference gene ~oll~cls the defect (i.e., galactokinase deficiency) thus ye~ iuing the transfected cells to function normally and alleviating disease conditions (or symptoms).
Brief Description of the Drawings:
Figure 1 depicts the intron/exon org~ni7~tion of the human galactokinase gene.
Figure 2 is the genomic DNA sequence (and single letter amino acid abbreviations) for human galactokinase [SEQ ID NO: 7]. The bolded DNA
sequence corresponds to the exon regions whereas the normal or unbolded type corresponds to the intron regions of human galactokinase.

Detailed Description of the Invention:
This invention relates to human galactokinase (amino acid and nucleotide sequences) and its use as a diagnostic and therapeutic. The particular cDNA and amino acid sequence of human galactokinase is identified by SEQ ID NO:4 as described more fully below. This invention also relates to the genomic DNA
sequence for human galactokinase [SEQ ID NO: 7] and also to mutant human galactokinase genes and amino acid sequences [SEQ ID NO:5 and 6] and their use for fli~gnostic purposes.

22U~S~

-In further describing the present invention, the following additional terms will be employed, and are inten~le~l to be defined as indicated below.
An "antigen" refers to a molecule containing one or more epito~es that will stim~ te a host's immune system to make a humoral and/or cellular antigen-specific response. The term is also used herein interchangeably with '~immllnogen.~
The term "epitope" refers to the site on an antigen or hapten to which a specific antibody molecule binds. The term is also used herein interch~ngeablywith "antigenic detwminant'' or "antigenic determinant site."
A coding sequence is "operably linked to" another coding sequence when RNA polymerase will transcribe the two coding sequences into a single mRNA, which is then tran~l~ted into a single polypeptide having amino acids derived from both coding sequences. The coding sequences need not be contiguous to one another so long as the ~plessed sequence is llltim~tçly processed to produce the desired protein.
"Recombinant" polypeptides refer to polypeptides produced by recombinant DNA techniques; i.e., produced from cells transformed by an exogenous DNA construct encoding the desired polypeptide. "Synthetic"
polypeptides are those plepal~,d by chemical synthesis.
A "replicon" is any genetic element (e.g., plasmid, chromosome, virus) that functions as an autonomous unit of DNA replication in vivo; i.e., capable of replication under its own control.
A "vector" is a replicon, such as a plasmid, phage, or cosmid, to which another DNA segment may be attached so as to bring about the replication of the attached segment.
A "replication-deficient virus" is a virus in which the excision and/or replication functions have been altered such that after transfection into a host cell, the virus is not able to reproduce and/or infect addition cells.
A "reference" gene refers to the galactokinase sequence of the invention and is understood to include the various sequence polymorphisms that exist, wherein nucleotide substitutions in the gene sequence exist, but do not affect the essential function of the gene product.
A "mutant" gene refers to galactokinase sequences dirr~lel,t from the reference gene wherein nucleotide substitutions and/or deletions and/or insertions - result in imrairmPnt of the essential function of the gene product such that the levels of galactose in an individual (or patient) are atypically elevated. For example, the G
to A substit-ltion at position 122 of human galactokinase [SEQ ID NO: 5] is a W O 96/09374 2 2 ~ O ~ ~ 3 PCT~US95/06743 5 mi~sen~e mutation associated with patients who are galactokinase deficient. Another T for G substitution produces an in-frame nonsense codon at amino acid position 80 of the mature protein. The result is a truncated protein consisting of the first 79 amino acids of human galactokinase A DNA "coding sequence of" or a "nucleotide sequence encoding" a 10 particular protein, is a DNA sequence which is transcribed and tr~nsl~te~l into a polypeptide when placed under the control of appropliate regulatory sequences.
A "promoter sequence" is a DNA regulatory region capable of binding RNA polymerase in a cell and initiating transcription of a downstream (3' direction) coding sequence. For purposes of defining the present invention, the 15 promoter sequence is bound at the 3' terminus by a translation start codon (e.g., ATG) of a coding sequence and extends upstream (5' direction) to include the ..,ill;..,l,.-- number of bases or elements necessary to initiate transcription at levels detectable above background. Within the promoter sequence will be found a transcription initiation site (conveniently defined by mapping with nuclease S1), as well as protein binding domains (consensus sequences) responsible for the binding of RNA polymerase. Eukaryotic promoters will often, but not always, contain "TATA" boxes and "CAT" boxes. Prokaryotic promoters contain Shine-Dalgarno sequences in addition to the -10 and -35 consensus sequences.
DNA "control sequences" refers collectively to promoter sequences, ribosome binding sites, polyadenylation signals, transcription termination sequences, upstream regulatory domains, enhancers, and the like, which collectively provide for the expression (i.e., the transcription and translation) of a coding sequence in a host cell.
A control sequence "directs the expression" of a coding sequence in a cell when RNA polymerase will bind the promoter sequence and transcribe the coding sequence into mRNA, which is then tr~ncl~te~ into the polypeptide encodedby the coding sequence.
A "host cell" is a cell which has been transformed or transfected, or is capable of transformation or transfection by an exogenous DNA sequence.
A cell has been "transformed" by exogenous DNA when such exogenous DNA has been introduced inside the cell membrane. Exogenous DNA
may or may not be integrated (covalently linked) into chromosomal DNA making up the genome of the cell. In prokaryotes and yeasts, for example, the exogenous DNA
may be m~int~inecl on an episomal element, such as a plasmid. With respect to eukaryotic cells, a stably transformed or transfected cell is one in which the exogenous DNA has become integrated into the chromosome so that it is inherited 2~0~5~3 by daughter cells through chromosome replication. This stability is demon~trated by the ability of the eukaryotic cell to establish cell lines or clones comprised of a population of daughter cell containing the exogenous DNA.
"Transfecdon" or "transfected" refers to a process by which cells take up foreign DNA and integrate that foreign DNA into their chromosome.
Transfection can be accomplished, for example, by various techniques in which cells take up DNA (e.g., calcium phosphate precipitation, electroporation, ~csimil~tion of liposomes, etc.), or by infection, in which viruses are used to transfer DNA into cells.
A "target cell" is a cell(s) that is selectively transfected over other cell types (or cell lines).
A "clone" is a population of cells derived from a single cell or common ancestor by mitosis. A "cell line" is a clone of a primary cell that is capable of stable growth in vitro for many generations.
A "heterologous" region of a DNA construct is an identifiable segment of DNA within or attached to another DNA molecule that is not found in ~Csoci~tion with the other molecule in nature. Thus, when the heterologous region encodes a gene, the gene will usually be flanked by DNA that does not flank the gene in the genome of the source animal. Another example of a heterologous coding sequence is a construct where the coding sequence itself is not found in nature (e.g., synthetic sequences having codons different from the native gene). Allelic variation or naturally occurring mutational events do not give rise to a heterologous region of DNA, as used herein.
"Conditions which are related to insufficient human galactokin~e activity"
or a "deficiency in galactokinase activity" means mutations of the galactokinaseprotein which affects g~l~ctokin~ce activity or may affect expression of galactokin~e or both such that the levels of galactose in a patient are atypically elevated. In addition, this definition is intended to cover atypically low levels of galactol~in~e expression in a patient due to defective control sequences for thereference g~l~ctokin~e protein.
This invention provides an i~ol~ted nucleic acid molecule encoding a human galactokinase protein and substantially similar sequences. Isolated nucleic acidsequences are "subst~nti~lly similar" if: (i) they are approximately the same length (i.e., at least 80% of the coding region of SEQ ID NO:4); (ii) they encode a protein with the same (i.e., within an order of m~gnitude) galactokinase activity as theprotein encoded by SEQ ID NO:4; and (iii) they are capable of hybridizing under moderately stringent conditions to SEQ ID NO:4; or they encode DNA sequences wo 96/09374 ~ 2 0 0 5 8 3 PCT~Sg5/06743 5 which are degenerate to SEQ ID NO:4. Degenerate DNA sequences encode the same amino acid sequence as SEQ ID NO:4, but have variation(s) in the nucleotidecoding sequences. Hybridization under moderately stringent conditions is outlined below.
Hybridizadon under moderately stringent conditions can be pelrol.ncd as 10 follows. Nitrocellulose filters are prehybridized at 65C in a solution conl~;ning 6X
SSPE, 5X Denhardt's solution (lOg Ficoll, 10g BSA and 10g Polyvinylpyrrolidone per liter solution), 0.05% SDS and 100 micrograms tRNA. Hybridi_ation probes arelabeled, preferably radiolabelled (e.g., using the Bios TAG-IT~) kit). Hybridi7~ti~n is then carried out for a~plo~i"lately 18 hours at 65C. The filters are then washed in a solution of 2X SSC and 0.5% SDS at room temperature for 15 minutes (repeated once). Subsequently, the filters are washed at 58C, air-dried and exposed to X-ray film ovemight at -70C with an intensifying screen.
~ltern~tively, "substantially similar" sequences are subst~nti~lly the same when about 66% (preferably about 75%, and most preferably about 90%) of the nucleotides or amino acids match over a defined length (i.e., at least 80% of the coding region of SEQ ID NO:4) of the molecule and the protein encoded by such sequence has the same (i.e., within an order of magnitude) galactokinase activity as the protein encoded by SEQ ID NO:4. As used herein, substantially similar refers to the sequences having similar identity to the sequences of the instant invention. Thus nucleotide sequences that are substantially the same can be identified by hybr ~li7~tion or by sequence comparison. Protein sequences that are substantially the same can be identi~le~ by one or more of the following: proteolytic digestion, gel electrophoresis and/or microsequencing.
This invention also provides isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding a mi~se~ce mutation (SEQ ID NO:5) or a nonsense mutation (SEQ ID NO:6) of the human galactokinase protein and DNA sequences which are degenerate to SEQ ID
NO:5 or 6. Degenerate DNA sequences encode the same amino acid (or termination site) sequence as SEQ ID NO:5 or 6, but have variation(s) in the nucleotide coding sequences.
One means for isolating a nucleic acid molecule encoding for a human galactokin~ce is to probe a human genomic or cDNA library with a natural or artificially designed probe using art recognized procedures (See for example:
"Current Protocols in Molecular Biology", Ausubel, F.M., et al. (eds.) Greene Publishing Assoc. and John Wiley Interscience, New York, 1989,1992). It is appreciated to one skilled in the art that SEQ ID NO:4, or fragments thereof (comprising at least 15 contiguous nucleotides), is a particularly useful probe.

WO 96/09374 ~ 2 0 (J 5 ~ 3 PCT/US95/06743 5 Several particularly useful probes for this purpose are set forth in Table 1, or hyhritli7~ble fr~gm~nt~ thereof (i.e., comprising at least 15 contiguous nucleotides).
It is also appreciated that such probes can be and are preferably labeled with an analytically ~etect~hle reagent to facilitate identific.~tion of the probe. Useful reagents include but are not limited to radioactivity, fluorescent dyes or enzymes 10 capable of catalyzing the forrnation of a detectable product. The probes are thus useful to isolate complementary copies of genomic DNA, cDNA or RNA from human, . ..~ n or other animal sources or to screen such sources for relatedsequences (e.g., additional members of the family, type and/or subtype) and including transcriptional regulatory and control elements defined above as well as 15 other stability, processing, translation and tissue specificity-dele~ ing regions from 5' and/or 3' regions relative to the coding sequences disclosed herein.
This invention also provides for gene therapy. "Gene therapy" means gene supplem~nt~tion. That is, an additional (i.e., reference) copy of the gene of interest is inserted into a p~tient~ cells. As a result, the protein encoded by the reference 20 gene corrects the defect (i.e., galactokinase deficiency) and permits the cells to function normally thus alleviating disease symptoms.
Gene therapy of the present invention can occur in vivo or ex vivo. Ex vivo gene therapy requires the isolation and purification of patient cells, the introduction of a therapeutic gene, and introduction of the genetically altered cells back into the 25 patient. A replication-deficient virus such as a modified retrovirus can be used to introduce the therapeutic gene (galactokinase) into such cells. For example, mouse Moloney leukemia virus (MMLV) is a well-known vector in clinical gene therapy trials (see, e.g., Boris-Lauerie et al., Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev.. 3:102-109 (1993)).
In contrast, in vivo gene therapy does not require isolation and purification 30 of patients' cells. The therapeutic gene is typically "packaged" for ~rimini~tration to a patient such as in liposomes or in a replication-deficient virus such as adenovirus (see, e.g., Berkner, K.L., Curr. Top Microbiol. Immunol.. 158:39-66 (1992)) or adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors (see, e.g., Muzyczka, N., Curr. Top.
Microbiol. Immunol, 158:97-129 (1992) and U.S. Patent 5,252,479 "Safe Vector 35 for Gene Therapy"). Another approach is a~ministration of so-called "naked DNA"
in which the therapeutic gene is directly injected into the bloodstream or muscle tissue.
Cell types useful for gene therapy of the present invention include hepatocytes, fibroblasts, lymphocytes, any cell of the eye (e.g., retina), epithelial 40 and endothelial cells. Preferably the cells are hepatocytes, any cell of the eye or respiratory (or pulmonary) epithelial cells. Transfection of (pulmonary) epithelial W O 96/09374 2 2 0 0 5 8 3 PCTrUS95/06743 cells can occur via inhalation of a neubulized preparation of DNA vectors in liposomes, DNA-protein complexes or replication-deficient adenoviruses (see, e.g., U.S. Patent 5,240,846 "Gene Therapy Vector for Cystic Fibrosis".
This invention also provides for a process to prepare human g~l~ct()kin~e proteins. Non-mutant proteins are defined with reference to the amino acid sequence listed in SEQ ID NO:4 and includes variants with a substantially similar amino acid sequence that have the same galactokinase activity. Additional proteins of this invention include mutant human galactokinase proteins as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5 or 6. The proteins of this invention are preferably made by recombinant genetic engineering techniques. The isolated nucleic acids particularly the DNAs can be introduced into expression vectors by operatively linking the DNA to the necess~ry expression control regions (e.g., regulatory regions) required for gene expression.
The vectors can be introduced into the appl~liate host cells such as prokaryotic(e.g., bacterial), or eukaryotic (e.g., yeast or m~mm~ 3n) cells by methods wellknown in the art (Ausubel et al., supra). The coding sequences for the desired proteins having been pl~;~ed or isolated, can be cloned into any suitable vector or replicon. Numelous cloning vectors are known to those of skill in the art, and the selection of an applopliate cloning vector is a matter of choice. Examples of recombinant DNA vectors for cloning and host cells which they can transform include, but is not limited to, the bacteriophage ~ (~. coli), pBR322 (~. ÇQll),pACYC177 C~- coli), pKT230 (gram-negative bacteria), pGV1106 (gram-negative bacteria), pLAFRl (gram-negative bacteria), pME290 (non-E. coli gram-negative bacteria), pHV14 (~. coli and Bacillus subtilis), pBD9 (Bacillus), pIJ61 (Sl~ptol"yces), pUC6 (S~IGpto,nyces), YIp5 (Saccharomyces), a baculovirus insectcell system, a Drosophila insect system, and YCpl9 (Saccharomyces). See, generally.
"DNA Cloning": Vols. I & II, Glover et al. ed. IRL Press Oxford (1985) (1987) and;
T. Maniatis et al. ("Molecular Cloning" Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (1982).
The gene can be placed under the control of a promoter, ribosome binding site (for bacterial expression) and, optionally, an operator (collectively referred to herein as "control" elements), so that the DNA sequence encoding thedesired protein is transcribed into RNA in the host cell transformed by a vectorcom~ining this c~lGssion construction. The coding sequence may or may not contain a signal peptide or leader sequence. The subunit antigens of the presentinvention can be expressed using, for example, the E. coli tac promoter or the protein A gene (spa) promoter and signal sequence. Leader sequences can be removed by the bacterial host in post-translational processing. See, e.~., U.S. Patent Nos. 4,431,739;
4,425,437; 4,338,397.

WO 96/09374 2 2 U ~ S 8 ~ PCT/US95/06743 S In addition to control sequences, it may be desirable to add regulatory sequences which allow for regulation of the e,-plGssion of the protein sequencesrelative to the growth of the host cell. Regulatory sequences are known to those of skill in the art, and examples include those which cause the expression of a gene to be turned on or off in response to a chemical or physical stim-lh-s, including the presence of a regulatory compound. Other types of regulatory element~ may also be present in the vector, for example, enhancer sequences.
An e~r~ ssion vector is constructed so that the particular coding sequence is located in the vector with the applopliate regulatory sequences, thepositioning and or çnt~sion of the coding sequence with respect to the control sequences being such that the coding sequence is transcribed under the "control" of the control sequences (i.e., RNA polymerase which binds to the DNA molecule at the control sequences transcribes the coding sequence). Modification of the sequences encoding the particular antigen of interest may be desirable to achieve this end. For example, in some cases it may be necessary to modify the sequence so that it may be ~ts~hecl to the control sequences with the applol,liate orientation; i.e., to m~int~in the reading frame. The control sequences and other regulatory sequences may be ligated to the coding sequence prior to insertion into a vector, such as the cloning vectors described above. Alternatively, the coding sequence can be cloned directly into an e~ression vector which already contains the control sequences and an a~pl~pliate restriction site.
In some cases, it may be desirable to produce other mut~nt~ or analogs of the g~l~ctokin~ce protein. Mutants or analogs may be prepared by the deletion of a portion of the sequence encoding the protein, by insertion of a sequence, and/or by substitll~ion of one or more nucleotides within the sequence. Techniques for modifying nucleotide sequences, such as site-directed m-lt~genesi~ are well known to those skilled in the art. See, e.~., T. Maniatis et al., supra; DNA Clonin~ Vols. I and II, supra; Nucleic Acid Hybridization~ supra.
A number of prokaryotic ~ s~ion vectors are known in the art.
See, ç~" U.S. Patent Nos. 4,578,355; 4,440,859; 4,436,815; 4,431,740; 4,431,739;4,428,941; 4,425,437; 4,418,149; 4,411,994; 4,366,246; 4,342,832; ~ also U.K.
Patent Applications GB 2,121,054; GB 2,008,123; GB 2,007,675; and Eul~eall Patent Application 103,395. Yeast expression vectors are also known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos. 4,446,235; 4,443,539; 4,430,428; see ~1~Q European Patent- Applications 103,409; 100,561; 96,491. pSV2neo (as described in J. Mol. Appl.
Genet. 1 :327-341) which uses the SV40 late promoter to drive expression in .,.~.. ~li~n cells orpCDNAlneo, a vector derived from pCDNA1 (Mol. Cell Biol.

wo 96t09374 2 2 0 0 ~ 8 3 PCT/USg5/06743 7:4125-29) which uses the CMV promoter to drive expression. Both these latter two vectors can be employed for transient or stable (using G418 resistance) eA~rl,ssion in " ,~" ",~ n cells. Insect cell e~ression systems, e.g., Drosophila~ are also useful, see for ex~mrle, PCT applications WO 90/06358 and WO 92/06212 as well as EP
290,261-B1.
Depending on the expression system and host selected, the proteins of the present invention are produced by growing host cells transformed by an eA~ssion vector described above under conditions whereby the protein of interest is tA~l~,ssed. ~efell~,d "~ n cells include human embryonic kidney cells, monkey kidney (HEK-293cells), fibroblast tCOS) cells, Chinese ha~llsl~l ovary (CHO) cells, Drosophila or murine L-cells. If the expression system sec~ s the protein into growth media, the protein can be purified directly from the media. If the protein is not secreted, it is i~ol~t~l from cell Iysates orrecovered from the cell membrane fraction. The selection of the a~lopliate growth conditions and recovery methodsare within the skill of the art.
An ~ltenl~tive method to identify proteins of the present invention is by constructing gene libraries, using the resulting clones to transform 1~ 1i and pooling and scl~,e~ g individual colonies using polyclonal serum or monoclonal antibodies to galactokinase.
The proteins of the present invention may also be produced by chemical synthesis such as solid phase peptide synthesis, using known amino acidsequences or amino acid sequences derived from the DNA sequence of the genes of interest. Such methods are known to those skilled in the art. Chemical synthesis of peptides is not particularly preferred.
The proteins of the present invention or their fragments cornrn~ing at least one epitope can be used to produce antibodies, both polyclonal and monoclonal.
If polyclonal antibodies are desired, a selected m~mm~l, (e.g., mouse, rabbit, goat, horse, etc.) is immunized with the protein of the present invention, or a fragment thereof, capable of eliciting an immune response (i.e., having at least one epitope).
Serum from the immnni7ed animal is collected and treated according to known procedures. If serum containing polyclonal antibodies is used, the polyclonal andbodies can be purified by immunoaffinity chromatography or other known procedures.
Monoclonal antibodies to the proteins of the present invention, and to the fr~,~m~n~c thereof, can also be readily produced by one skilled in the art. The general methodology for making monoclonal antibodies by using hybridoma technology is well known. Immortal antibody-producing cell lines can be created by WO 96/09374 Z 2 U () 5 8 3 PCT/US95/06743 _ S cell fusion, and also by other techniques such as direct transformation of Blymphocytes with oncogenic DNA, or transfection with Epstein-Barr virus. See, e.~., M. Schreier ~ ~1., "Hybridoma Techniques" (1980); Hammerling ~ al., "Monoclonal Antibodies and T-cell Hybridom~c" (1981); Kennett et al., "Monoclonal Antibodies"
(1980); see also U.S. Patent Nos. 4,341,761; 4,399,121; 4,427,783; 4,444,887;
4,452,570; 4,466,917; 4,472,500; 4,491,632; and 4,493,890. Panels of monoclonal antibodies produced against the antigen of interest, or fragment thereof, can bescreened for various yluy~-lLies; i.e., for isotype, epitope, affinity, etc. Hence one skilled in the art can produce monoclonal antibodies specifically reactive with mutant g~l~etc-bin~e proteins, e.g., the misse~se mutation of SEQ ID NO:5 or nonsense mutation of SEQ ID NO:6. Monoclonal antibodies are useful in pllrific~tiQn, using immllno~ffinity techniques, of the individual antigens which they are directed against.
Alternatively, genes encoAing the monoclonals of interest may be isol~ted from the hybridomas by PCR techniques known in the art and cloned and expressed in the apl)lopl;ate vectors. The antibodies of this invention, whether polyclonal or monoclonal have additional utility in that they may be employed reagents in immllno~csays, RIA, ELISA, and the like. As used herein, "monoclonal antibody" is understood to include antibodies derived from one species (e.g., murine, rabbit, goat, rat, human, etc.) as well as antibodies derived from two (or perhaps more) species (e.g., chimeric and h~ ni7ed antibodies).
Chime~ic antibodies, in which non-human variable regions are joined or fused to human constant regions (~, e.~. Liu et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA~ 84:3439 (1987)), may also be used in assays or thcl~euLically. Preferably, a theidpeuLicmonoclonal antibody would be "hum~ni7ed" as described in Jones et al., Nature, 321:522 (1986); Verhoeyen et al., Science. 239: 1534 (1988); Kabat et al., L
Irnrnunol., 147:1709 (1991); Queen et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 86:10029 (1989); Gorman et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 88:34181 (1991); and Hodgson et al., Bio~rechnolo~y. 9:421 (1991). Therefore, this invention also contemplates antibodies, polyclonal or monoclonal (including chimeric and "hnm~ni7~A") directed to epitopes cc.ll. ~,uonding to amino acid sequences disclosed herein from humangalactokin~se. Methods for the production of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are well known, see for example Chap. 11 of Ausubel et al. (supra).
When the antibody is labeled with an analytically detect~ble reagent such a r~ioactivity, fluorescence, or an enzyme, the antibody can be use to detect the presence or absence of human galactokin~e and/or its qll~ntitative level. In ~dtlition, antibodies (polyclonal or monoclonal) specific for the misserlce and nonsense mutations of the present invention are useful for diagnostic purposes. A serum or ~20iJ5~3 W O 96/09374 PCT~US95/06743 tissue sample (e.g., liver, lung, etc.) is obtained and allowed to come in contact with an antibody or antibody fragment which specifically binds to a mutant human galactokin~ce protein of the invention under conditions such that an antigen-antibody complex is formed between said antibody (or antibody fragment) and saidmutant g~ tokin~ce protein. The detection for the presence or absence of said complex is within the skill of the art (e.g., ELISA, RIA, Western Blotting, Optical Biosensor (e.g., BIAcore - Pharmacia Biosensor, Uppsala, Sweden) and do not limit this invention.
This invention also contçmpl~tes pharmaceutical compositions comprising an effective amount of the galactokin~ce protein of the invention and a pharm~ce~ltic~lly acceptable carrier. Ph~rm~ceutical compositions of p~teinaceous drugs of this invention are particularly useful for parentel~l a~lminictration, i.e., subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously. Optionally, the g~l~ctQkin~ce protein is surrounded by a membrane bound vesicle, such as a liposome.
The compositions forparenteral ~minictration will commonly comprise a solution of the compounds of the invention or a cocktail thereof dissolved in anacceptable carrier, preferably an aqueous carrier. A variety of aqueous carriers may be employed, e.g., water, buffered water, 0.4% saline, 0.3% glycine, and the like.
These solutions are sterile and generally free of particulate matter. These solutions may be steriliæd by conventional, well known sterilization techniques. The compositions may contain pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances as required to al)l,lu~ ate physiological conditions such as pH adjusting and buffering agents, etc. The concentration of the compound of the invention in such pharmaceutical formulation can very widely, i.e., from less than about 0.5%, usually at or at least about 1% to as much as 15 or 20% by weight and will be selected primarily based on fluid volumes, viscosities, etc., according to the particular mode of ~minis~ration selecte~
Thus, a ph~n~eutical composition of the invention for intramuscular injection could be plepal~d to contain 1 mL sterile buffered water, and 50 mg of a compound of the invention. Similarly, a pharmaceutical composition of the invention for intravenous infusion could be made up to contain 250 ml of sterile Ringer's solution, and 150 mg of a compound of the invention. Actual methods for ~.e~.;ng~alentel~lly aflministrable compositions are well known or will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are described in more detail in, for example, Remin~ton'sPharmaceutical Science. l5th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pennsylvania.The compounds described herein can be lyophilized for storage and reconstituted in a suitable carrier prior to use. This technique has been shown to be WO 96/09374 2 2 0 ~ S ~ 3 PCT/US95/06743 effective with conventional proteins and art-known lyophili7~tion and reco~tit~ltion techniques can be employed.
The physician will determine the dosage of the present thel~eu~ic agents which will be most suitable and it will vary with the forrn of a~mini~tration and the particular compound chosen, and furthermore, it will vary with the particular patient under patient under tre~tm~nt. He will generally wish to initiate treatment with small dosages subst~nti~lly less than the optimum dose of the compound and increase the dosage by small increments until the o~ ulll effect under the circumstances is reached. It will generally be found that when the composition is ~mini~tered orally, larger quantities of the active agent will be required to produce the same effect as a smaller quantity given pa,cnlcldlly. The therapeutic dosage will generally be from 1 to 10 milligrams per day and higher although it may be ~tlmini~tered in several different dosage units.
Depending on the patient condition, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention can be a~lministçred for prophylactic and/or therapeutic tre~tm~nts Intherapeutic application, compositions are a~lmini~tered to a patient already suffering from a disease in an amount sufficient to cure or at least partially arrest the disease and its complications. In prophylactic applications, compositions cont;1;ning the present compounds or a cocktail thereof are ~tlmini~tered to a patient not already in a disease state to enhance the patient's resistance.
Single or m~lltiple a~lmini~trations of the pharmaceutical compositions can be carried out with dose levels and pattern being selected by the treating physician. In any event, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention should provide a quantity of the compounds of the invention sufficient to effectively treat the patient.
This invention also contemplates use of the galactokin~ce genes of the instant invention as a diagnostic. For example, some diseases result from inherited defective genes. These genes can be detected by comparing the sequence of the defective gene with that of a normal one. Subsequently, one can verify that a "mutant" gene is associated with galactokinase deficiency by measurement of galactose. That is, a mutant gene would be associated with (atypically) elevatedlevels of galactose in a patient. In addition, one can insert mutant galactokin~e genes into a suitable vector for expression in a functional assay system (e.g., colorimetric assay, expression on MacConkey plates, complem~nt~tion experiments,e.g, in a g~ tokin~e deficient strain of yeast or E. coli) as yet another means to verify or identify galactokin~e mutations. As an example, RNA from an individualcan be transcribed with reverse transcriptase to cDNA which can then be amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned into an E. coli expression vector, and 5 transformed into a galactokinase-deficient strain of E. coli. When grown on MacConkey in-licatQr plates, galactokinase-deficient cells will produce colonies that are white in color, whereas cells that have been transformed/complem~nted with afunctional g~l~ctokin~ce gene will be red (see, e.g., Examples section). If most to all of the colonies from an individual are red, then the individual is considered to be 10 normal with respect to galactokin~ce activity. If approximately 50% of the colonies are red (the other 50% white), then that individual is likely to be a carrier for galacto'-in~ce deficiency. If most to all of the colonies are white, then that individual is likely to be galactokinase deficient. Once "mutant" genes have been identified, one can then screen the population for carriers of the "mutant"
15 galactokin~ce gene. (A carrier is a person in apparent health whose chromosomes contain a "mutant" galactokin~ce gene that may be tr~nsmitted to that person's offspring.) In addition, monoclonal antibodies that are speciffc for the mutant galactokin~ce proteins can be used for diagnostic purposes as described above.
Individuals carrying mutations in the human galactokinase gene may be 20 detected at the DNA level by a variety of techniques. Nucleic acids used for gnosic (genomic DNA, mRNA, etc.) may be obtained from a patient's cells, such as from blood, urine, saliva, tissue biopsy (e.g., chorionic villi s~mpling or removal of amniotic fluid cells), and autopsy material. The genomic DNA may be used directly for detection or may be amplified enzym~tic~lly by using PCR, ligase chain 25 reaction (LCR), strand displacement amplification (SDA), etc. (see, e.g., Saiki et al., Nature, 324:163-166 (1986), Bej, et al., Crit. Rev. Biochem. Molec. Biol.. 26:301-334 (1991), Birkenmeyer et al., J. Virol. Meth.. 35:117-126 (1991), Van Brunt, J., BiolTechnolo~y. 8:291-294 (1990)) prior to analysis. RNA may also be used for the same purpose. The RNA can be reverse-transcribed and ampli~led at one time 30 with PCR-RT (polymerase chain reaction - reverse transcriptase) or reverse-transcribed to an unamplified cDNA. As an example, PCR primers complçm~ nt~ry to the nucleic acid of the instant invention can be used to identify and analyzegalactokin~ce mutations. For example, deletions and insertions can be detected by a change in size of the amplified product in comparison to the normal galactokinase 35 genotype. Point mutations can be identified by hybridizing amplified DNA to radiolabeled galactokin~ce RNA (of the invention) or alternatively, radiolabelled galactokin~ce ~ntisence DNA sequences (of the invention). Perfectly matched sequences can be distinguished from micm~tched duplexes by RNase A digestion or by differences in melting temperatures (Tm). Such a diagnostic would be particularly 40 useful for prenatal and even neonatal testing.

WO 96/09374 ~ ~ U i) J ~ 3 PCT/US95/06743 -In addition, point mutations and other sequence differences between the reference gene and "mutant" genes can be identi~led by yet other well-known techniques, e.g., direct DNA sequencing, single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP; Orita et al., Genomics. 5:874-879 (1989)). For example, a sequencing primer is used with double-stranded PCR product or a single-stranded template molecule generated by a modified PCR. The sequence determination is pe.~~ ed by convention~l procedures with radiolabeled nucleotides or by fl~l~Q~ ;C sequencing procedures with fluorescent-tags. Cloned DNA segments may also be used as probes to detect specific DNA segments. The sensitivity of this methotl is greatly enh~nced when combined with PCR. The presence of nucleotide repeats may correlate to a change in galactokin~ce activity (causative change) or serve as marker for various polymorphisms.
Genetic testing based on DNA sequence differences may be achieved by detection of alteration in electrophoretic mobility of DNA fragments in gels with or without denaturing agents. Small sequence deletions and insertions can be vi~u~li7e~1 by high resolution gel electrophoresis. DNA fragments of different sequences may be distinguished on denaturing formamide gradient gels in which the mobilities of dirferent DNA fragments are retarded in the gel at different positions according to their specific melting or partial melting temperatures (see, e.g., Myers et al., Science. 230:1242 (1985)). In addition, sequence alterations, in particular small deletions, may be detected as changes in the migration pattern of DNA
heteroduplexes in non-denaturing gel electrophoresis (i.e., heteroduplex electrophoresis) (see, e.g., Nagamine et al., Am. J. Hum. Genet.. 45:337-339 (1989))-Sequence changes at specific locations may also be revealed by nuclease 30 protection assays, such as RNase and S 1 protection or the chemical cleavage method (e.g., Cotton et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA~ 85:4397-4401 (1985)).
Thus, the detection of a specific DNA sequence may be achieved by methods such as hybridization (e.g., heteroduplex ele-;L..poldtion, see, White et al., Genorrucs. 12:301-306 (1992), RNAse protection (e.g., Myers et al., Science.
230:1242 (1985)) chemical cleavage (e.g., Cotton et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.
85:4397-4401 (1985))), direct DNA sequencing, or the use of restriction enzymes (e.g., restriction fragment length polymo~phisms (RFLP) in which variations in the number and size of restriction fragments can indicate insertions, deletions, presence - of nucleotide repeats and any other mutation which creates or destroys an endonuclease restriction sequence). Southern blotting of genomic DNA may also beused to identify large (i.e., greater than 100 base pair) deletions and insertions.

WO 96/09374 2 2 U lJ j 8 3 PCT/US95/06743 In addition to more conventional gel-electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing, mutations (e.g., rnicrodeletions, aneuploidies, translocations, inversions) can also be detected by in situ analysis (See, e.g., Keller et al., DNA Probes, 2nd Ed., Stockton Press, New York, N.Y., USA (1993)). That is, DNA (or RNA) sequences in cells can be analyzed for mutations without isolation and/or immobilization onto a membrane. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is presently the most commonly applied method and numerous reviews of FISH have appeared. See, e.g., Trachuck et al., Science. ~Q:559-562 (1990), and Trask et al., Trends. Genet., l:
149-154 (1991) which are incorporated herein by reference for background purposes. Hence, by using nucleic acids based on the structure of specific genes, e.g., galactokin~ce, one can develop diagnostic tests for galactokinase ~leficiency.
In addition, some diseases are a result of, or are characterized by, changes in gene expression which can be detected by changes in the mRNA. Alternatively, thegalactokin~ce gene can be used as a reference to identify individuals e~lcssing a decreased level of galactokinase, e.g., by Northern blotting or in situ hybridization.
Defining ap~lo~liate hybridization conditions is within the skill of the art.
See, e. g., "Current Protocols in Mol. Biol." Vol. I & II, Wiley Interscience. Ausbel et _l. (ed.) (1992). Probing technology is well known in the art and it is appreciated that the size of the probes can vary widely but it is preferred that the probe be at least 15 nucleotides in length. It is also appreciated that such probes can be and arepreferably labeled with an analytically detectable reagent to facilitate i-l~ntific~tiQn of the probe. Useful reagents include but are not limited to radioactivity, flu~ scent dyes or enzymes capable of catalyzing the formation of a detectable product. As a general rule the more stringent the hybridization conditions the more closely related genes will be that are recovered.
Also within the scope of this invention are antisense oligonucleotides pre~1icate~ upon the sequences disclosed herein for human galactokinase. Synthetic oligonucleotides or related antisense chemical structural analogs are designed to recognize and specifically bind to a target nucleic acid encoding galact-~kin~ce and galactokinase mutations. The general field of antisense technology is illustrated by the following disclosures which are incorporated herein by reference for purposes of background (Cohen, J.S., Trends in Pharm. Sci.. 10:435(1989) and Weintraub, H.M.Scientific American. Jan.(1990) at page 40).
Transgenic, non-human, animals may be obtained by transfecting ap~ liate fertilized eggs or embryos of a host with nucleic acids encoding human g~l~ctok;n~e 40 disclosed herein, see for example U.S. Patents 4,736,866; 5,175,385; 5,175,384 and 5,175,386. The resultant transgenic animal may be used as a model for the study of WO 96t09374 2 2 U U 5 ~ 3 PCT/US95/06743 ._ S g~ tokin~se Particularly, useful transgenic ~nim~lc are those which display a detect~kle phenotype associated with the expression of the receptor. Drugs may then be screened for their ability to reverse or exacerbate the relevant phenotype. This invention also conte-mrlates operatively linking the receptor coding gene to regulatory eleme-nt~ which are differentially responsive to various ~ Lulc or 10 metabolic conditions, thereby effectively turning on or off the phenotypic expression in response to those conditions.
Although not necess~lily limiting of this invention, following are some experimental data illustrative of this invention.

F.XAMpLE I

Purification of Human Galactokinase from Placental Tissue Galactokinase (galK) was obtained from human placenta as described by Stambolian et al. (Biochim Biophys Acta, 831:306-312 (1985)), which is incorporated 20 by reference in its entirety. In essence, human placenta tissue (obtained within 1 hour of parturition) was homogenized, centrifuged and the resulting supernatant was absorbed onto DEAE-Sephacel@). The m~te~i~l was eluted, precipitated with ~mmonium sulfate and then run through a sizing column (Sephadex G-100 SF(E)).
Pooled active fractions were concentrated. Purified protein was obtained following 25 separation by SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis and then Western blotted using standard techniques (see, Laemmli, ~ure, 227:680-685 (1970), or LeGendre et al.,Biotechniques. 6:154 (1988)). Minute amounts of galactokinase were isolated (micrograms) from multiple rounds of protein purification. After a trypsin peptide digest, 7 peptide sequences were eventually i~ol~ted and identifi~l The three longest 30 fr~gm~nts are presented below:
[SEQ ID NO:l]
Val Asn Leu Ile Gly Glu His Thr Asp Tyr Asn Gln Gly Leu Val Leu-Pro Met Ala Leu Glu Leu Met Thr Val Leu Val Gly Ser Pro Arg 35 [SEQ ID NO:2]
His Ile Gln Glu His Tyr Gly Gly Thr Ala Thr Phe Tyr Leu Ser Gln-Ala Ala Asp Gly Ala Lys [SEQ ID NO:3]
40Ala Gln Val Cys Gln Gln Ala Glu His Ser Phe Ala Gly Met Pro Cys-Gly Ile Met Asp Gln Phe Ile Ser Leu Met Gly Gln Lys W O 96/09374 PCTrUS95/06743 S The fr~mPnts were co.~ ed with peptide sequences encoded by cDNAs, in which the cDNAs were partially sequenced. The cDNAs (also known as expressed sequence tags or ESTs) were obtained from Human Genome Sciences, Inc.
(Rockville, MD, USA). The best ~lignm~ns~ occurred with an EST sequence from a human osteocl~tom~ stromal cell library (SEQ ID NO:1 showed 100% identity over 18 contiguous amino acids) and an EST sequence from a human ~iLuila y library (SEQ
ID NO:2 showed 95.5% identity over 22 contiguous amino acids). A full-length cDNA from the human osteoclastoma stromal cell library was i~lentifie~l and sequenced (SEQ ID NO:4) in its entirety on an automated ABI 373A Sequencer.
Sequencing was conr~lllcd on both strands. The corresponding amino acid sequence(SEQ ID NO:4) was coll~pa ed against the peptide fragments idçntifie~ above. SEQID N0:1 coll~onds to arnino acids 38-68 of the full-length human galactokinase protein. Similarly, SEQ ID NOs: 2 and 3 correspond to amino acids 367-388 and 167-195, respectively, of human galactokinase.

Analysis of the Human Galactokinase Gene:
A coll~;son of the amino acid sequence for human g~ tokin~ce with that of E. coli galactokin?ce (Debouck et al., Nuc. Acid Res.. 13:1841-1853 (1985)) shows 61% similarity and 44.5% identity. Further co-~yalison with another ~ ol~ed human g~ tok;n~ce gene (G~2) (Lee et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89:10887-10891 (1992)) shows 54% similarity and 34.6% identity at the amino acid l~vel.
Furthermore, the Gk~2 gene maps to human chromosome 15 which is in contrast to the gene of the present invention which maps to human chromosome 17, position q24 as ~letenninpd by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis.
SEQ ID N0:4 was hybridized against a Northern blot containing human messenger RNA from placenta, brain, skeletal muscle, kidney, intestine, heart, lung and liver according to standard procedures (see, e.g., Sambrook et al., Molecular Clonin~: A Laboratory Manual~ 2nd Ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989). Hybridization was strongest with human liver and lung tissue.

Galactokinase Complementation:
SEQ ID NO:4 was subcloned into an E. coli vector, plasmid pBluescript [Stratagene]. When transformed into C600K-, a galactokinase-deficient strain, the transformed E. coli grew on MacConkey agar plates containing 1 % galactose (and ampicillin @ 50ug/ml for plasmid selection), and produced brick red colonies, indicating sugar fermentation. Specifically, the red color is due to the action of acids, ~2()~3 W 096/09374 PCT~US95/06743 -5 produeed by galaetose ferment~tion, upon bile salts and the in~ie~tQr (neutral red) in MacConkey mylillm Expression in Mammalian Cells:
SEQ ID NO:4 was also subcloned into COS-1 eells [ATCC CRL 1650]. The 10 cells were transfected, grown, and cell lysates were ple~d. The lysates were assayed by a 14C galactnkin~ce assay as deseribed by Stambolian et al. (Exp. Eye Res..
~:231-237 (1984)) which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. When expressed in tr~ncie-ntly transfected COS cells, galactokinase activity was tenfold higher than control levels (6600 vs. 640 counts per minute - repeated three times).
15 These results definitively confirm that SEQ ID NO:4 encodes a full-length, biologieally aetive, human galactc-kin~ce gene.
The nucleic acid molecule of the invention can also be subcloned into an e~iession vector to produce high levels of human galactokinase (either fused to another protein, e.g., operatively linked at the 5' end with another coding sequence, or 20 unfused) in transfected cells. For m~mm~ n cells, the expression vector wouldoptionally encode a neomycin resistance gene to select for transfectants on the basis of ability to grow in G418 and a dihydrofolate reductase gene which permits ~mplifie~tion of the transfected gene in DHFR- cells. The pl~smid ean then be introduced into host cell lines e.g., CHO ACC98, a nonadherent, DHFR- cell line 25 adapted to grow in serum free m~ ]m, and human embryonic kidney 293 cells (ATCC CRL 1573), and transfeeted cell lines can be selected by G418 resist~nce.

Human Galactokinase Gene - Genomic Sequence:
A full-length galaetc~ in~ce genomie gene coding region was identified from a lambda phage (~ Fix II) human genomic library (made from human placenta tissue) using the galK cDNA as a probe. One isolate, designated clone 17 was deposited on 3 May 1995, with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Rockville, MD, USA, under accession number ATCC 97135, and has been accepted as a patent deposit, in accordance with the Budapest Treaty of 1977 governing the deposit of35 microor~nicmc for the purposes of patent procedure.
The genomic gene coding region is divided into at least 8 exons isolated from 4 DNA fragments. The arrangement is depicted in Figure 1. The DNA sequenee was - determined by using multiple oligonucleotide PCR primers corresponding to the galK
eDNA sequence (i.e., corresponding to galK genomic exons) as well as 40 oligonucleotide PCR primers subsequently designed that correspond to non-coding regions (i.e., galK genomic introns). Thus the structure of the galactokinase genomic gene is s-lmm~ri7ed in Table 1 below (see also Figure 2 and SEQ ID NO:7]):

~ 2 U () S 8 3 PCT/US95/06743 wo 96/09374 s Table 1 Genomic Galactokinase Gene Amino Acids PCR Primer #/
Exon # Encoded ~SEQ ID NO]

1-55 3333/[8]
3334l[9]
3598/[10]
3599/[11]

2 56-118 1888/[12]
3332/[13]
3604/[14]
3605/[15]

3 119-158 3331/[16]
3606/[17]

4 159-204 1657/[18]
3034/[19]

205-264 3330/[20]
3607/[21]

6 265-315 1539/[22]
2665/[23]

7 316-369 1891/[24]
2665/[25]

8 370-392 2665/[26]
2666l~27]
2667l[28]

Galactokinase Deficiency Marker/Gene:
A fibroblast cell line (GM00334), derived from a patient with ~ ctokin~e 15 deficiency, was obtained from the Coriell Institute for Medical research, 401 Haddon 22U~583 WO 96t09374 PCT/US95/06743 Ave., C~m~pn~ New Jersey, 08103. Total RNA was isolated from the cultured cells using the RNAZOL kit for i~ol~tion cf RNA (Biotecx, Houston, Tx). Cytoplasmic DNA (1 ug) was reversed transcribed with oligonucleotide primers 1823 [SEQ ID
NO: 29] and 1825 [SEQ ID NO: 30]. The sample was amplified by 35 cycles at 94C
for 1 min., 60C for 1 min. and 72C for 7 min. The DNA product was purified electrophoretically, ligated to the TA cloning vector (Invitrogen) and sequenced.
Twelve cDNAs in total were sequenced (representing cloned PCR products of mllltiple independent PCR reactions). This procedure was also repeated with cultured fibroblasts from normal controls (i.e., persons not exhibiting galactokin~e deficiency).
A comparison with normal controls iclenti~le~ a single base substitution of A
for G at position 122 of the "normal" human galactokin~e gene [SEQ ID NO: 4].
The result is a missen~e mutation in amino acid 32 from Val to Met [SEQ ID NO: 5].
The G to A base change creates a MscI endonuclease restliction site (i.e., TGGI,CCA) on the mutant allele. This restriction site was then used to rapidly screen for the mutant allele in the parents of the patient with galactokin~e deficiency. In essence, the exon encoding galactokinase residues 1 to 5 (i.e., exon 1, see Table 1) was cloned from a genomic lambda phage library and its DNA sequence was ~leterrnined inrlu~ing a portion of the fl~nking intron sequences. Oligonucleotide im~ (X2-SOUT [SEQ ID NO: 31] and X2-30UT [SEQ ID NO: 32]) were ~lçsigned to hybridize to intron sequences for the amplification of a 346 bp DNAfragment of the genomic DNA. The PCR product was analyzed for the point mutation via RFLP, that is, the presence of a newly created MscI site as detected by electrophoresis of a 1.5% agarose gel. A "normal" allele remains uncut with the enzyme MscI, and thus migrates as a 346bp fragment on an agarose gel. The PCR
product from the patient with galactokin~ce deficiency (i.e., the G to A base change) is cleaved with MscI, resulting in two fr~gmrnts of 193 and 153 bp, respectively. The ~bsenre of 346 bp fragment in~ic~tes that the patient was homozygous for this allele.
In contrast, PCR products from the parents of this patient, followed by a MscI
digestion, resulted in three fragments (346, 193 and 153 bp) which is consistent with a heterozygous pattern for the G to A base change. That is, the parents were both carriers of the same mutation.
To determine whether the mi Ccen ce mutation resulted in decreased enzyma~c activity, a cDNA clone cont~ining the G to A base change was subcloned into COS
cells and assayed for g~l~rtokin~e activity as previously described. COS cells transfected with cDNA encoding the missen~e mutation had the same level of galactokinase activity as the host COS cells, namely 0.02 units/ug protein. In contrast~
COS cells transfected with the non-mutant galactokinase cDNA [SEQ ID NO:4] had a ~2U~5~3 S fifty-fold higher activity col,l~auGd to the host COS cells (i.e., control). This results supports the Val32 to Met32 substitution as the cause of the decreased enzymaticactivity.
Another mutadon was discovered in an unrelated patient having cataracts and diagnosed as g~l~ctokin~ce deficient (galactokin~ce activity was found to be close to 10 zero). Genomic DNA was isolated from lymphoblastoid cell lines and sequenced by automated sequencing on an ABI 373A sequencer. A single base substitution of T for G resulted in an in-frame nonsense codon (i.e., TAG) at amino acid position 80 rSEQ
II) NO:6]. This mutation causes premature termination of human galactokinase, resulting in a trnncated protein of 79 amino acids that would be expected to be non-15 functional. (The genomic DNA of the parents of this patient were heterozygous forthis mutation, and hence not galactokinase deficient.) The above description and examples fully disclose the invention including 20 l~lc~Gll~,d embo-lim~ntc thereof. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine expGl;...e~ tion, many equivalents to the specific eml~limPntc herein. Such equivalents are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.

22u~J583 W O 96/09374 PCT~US9j/06743 SEQUENCE LISTING

(1) GENERAL INFORMATION:

(l) APPLICANT: Bergsma, Derk J.
Stambolian, Dwight (ii) TITLE OF INVENTION: Human Galactokinase Gene (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 32 (iv) CORRESPONDENCE ADDRESS:
(A) ADDRESSEE: SmithKline Beecham Corp./Corporate Intellectual Property (B) STREET: 709 Swedeland Road/UW2220 (C) CITY: King of Prussia (D) STATE: Pennsylvania (E) COUNTRY: USA
(F) ZIP: 19406-0939 (v) COMPUTER READABLE FORM:
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(D) SOFTWARE: PatentIn Release #1.0, Version #1.30 (vi) CURRENT APPLICATION DATA:
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(B) FILING DATE:
3~ (C) CLASSIFICATION:

(vii) PRIOR APPLICATION DATA:
(A) APPLICATION NUMBER: PCT/US94/10825 (B) FILING DATE: 23-SEP-1994 (viii) ATTORNEY/AGENT INFORMATION:
(A) NAME: Sutton, Jeffrey A.
(B) REGISTRATION NUMBER: 34,028 (C) REFERENCE/DOCKET NUMBER: P50268-l - ~ -220(J583 W 096/09374 PCTnUS95/06743 s ~ix) TELECOMMUNICATION INFORMATION:
(A) TELEPHONE: 610-270-5024 (B) TELEFAX: 610-270-S090 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 31 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:
Val Asn Leu Ile Gly Glu His Thr Asp Tyr Asn Gln Gly Leu Val Leu Pro Met Ala Leu Glu Leu Met Thr Val Leu Val Gly Ser Pro Arg (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 22 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single ~D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein 220(J~83 W 096/09374 PCTrUS95/06743 _ (xl) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:

His Ile Gln Glu His Tyr Gly Gly Thr Ala Thr Phe Tyr Leu Ser Gln 10 Ala Ala Asp Gly Ala Lys ~2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3:

15 (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 29 amino acids (B) TYPE: amino acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:

Ala Gln Val Cys Gln Gln Ala Glu His Ser Phe Ala Gly Met Pro Cys Gly Ile Met Asp Gln Phe Ile Ser Leu Met Gly Gln Lys (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 1349 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: llnear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA

W O 96/09374 PCT~US95/06743 ~ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/KEY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 29..1204 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:

GAATTCGGCA CGAGTGCAGG CGCGCGTC ATG GCT GCT TTG AGA CAG CCC CAG

Met Ala Ala Leu Arg Gln Pro Gln GTC GCG GAG CTG CTG GCC GAG GCC CGG CGA GCC TTC CGG GAG GAG TTC

Val Ala Glu Leu Leu Ala Glu Ala Arg Arg Ala Phe Arg Glu Glu Phe GGG GCC GAG CCC GAG CTG GCC GTG TCA GCG CCG GGC CGC GTC AAC CTC

Gly Ala Glu Pro Glu Leu Ala Val Ser Ala Pro Gly Arg Val Asn Leu ATC GGG GAA CAC ACG GAC TAC AAC CAG GGC CTG GTG CTG CCT ATG GCT

Ile Gly Glu His Thr Asp Tyr Asn Gln Gly Leu Val Leu Pro Met Ala CTG GAG CTC ATG ACG GTG CTG GTG GGC AGC CCC CGC AAG GAT GGG CTG

Leu Glu Leu Met Thr Val Leu Val Gly Ser Pro Arg Lys Asp Gly Leu GTG TCT CTC CTC ACC ACC TCT GAG GGT GCC GAT GAG CCC CAG CGG CTG

Val Ser Leu Leu Thr Thr Ser Glu Gly Ala Asp Glu Pro Gln Arg Leu CAG TTT CCA CTG CCC ACA GCC CAG CGC TCG CTG GAG CCT GGG ACT CCT

Gln Phe Pro Leu Pro Thr Ala Gln Arg Ser Leu Glu Pro Gly Thr Pro 22ui~ss3 CGG TGG GCC AAC TAT GTC AAG GGA GTG ATT CAG TAC TAC CCA GCT GCC

Arg Trp Ala Asn Tyr Yal Lys Gly Val Ile Gln Tyr Tyr Pro Ala Ala CCC CTC CCT GGC TTC AGT GCA GTG GTG GTC AGC TCA GTG CCC CTG GGG

Pro Leu Pro Gly Phe Ser Ala Val Val Val Ser Ser Val Pro Leu Gly GGT GGC CTG TCC AGC TCA GCA TCC TTG GAA GTG GCC ACG TAC ACC TTC

Gly Gly Leu Ser Ser Ser Ala Ser Leu Glu Val Ala Thr Tyr Thr Phe CTC CAG CAG CTC TGT CCA GAC TCG GGC ACA ATA GCT GCC CGC GCC CAG

Leu Gln Gln Leu Cys Pro Asp Ser Gly Thr Ile Ala Ala Arg Ala Gln GTG TGT CAG CAG GCC GAG CAC AGC TTC GCA GGG ATG CCC TGT GGC ATC

Val Cys Gln Gln Ala Glu His Ser Phe Ala Gly Met Pro Cys Gly Ile ATG GAC CAG TTC ATC TCA CTT ATG GGA CAG AAA GGC CAC GCG CTG CTC

Met Asp Gln Phe Ile Ser Leu Met Gly Gln Lys Gly His Ala Leu Leu ATT GAC TGC AGG TCC TTG GAG ACC AGC CTG GTG CCA CTC TCG GAC CCC

Ile Asp Cys Arg Ser Leu Glu Thr Ser Leu Val Pro Leu Ser Asp Pro AAG CTG GCC GTG CTC ATC ACC AAC TCT AAT GTC CGC CAC TCC CTG GCC

Lys Leu Ala Val Leu Ile Thr Asn Ser Asn Val Arg His Ser Leu Ala ~2U0583 W 096/09374 PCTrUS95/06743 TCC AGC GAG TAC CCT GTG CGG CGG CGC CAA TGT GAA GAA GTG GCC CGG

Ser Ser Glu Tyr Pro Val Arg Arg Arg Gln Cys Glu Glu Val Ala Arg GCG CTG GGC AAG GAA AGC CTC CGG GAG GTA CAA CTG GAA GAG CTA GAG

Ala Leu Gly Lys Glu Ser Leu Arg Glu Val Gln Leu Glu Glu Leu Glu GCT GCC AGG GAC CTG GTG AGC AAA GAG GGC TTC CGG CGG GCC CGG CAC

Ala Ala Arg Asp Leu Val Ser Lys Glu Gly Phe Arg Arg Ala Arg His GTG GTG GGG GAG ATT CGG CGC ACG GCC CAG GCA GCG GCC GCC CTG AGA

Val Val Gly Glu Ile Arg Arg Thr Ala Gln Ala Ala Ala Ala Leu Arg CGT GGC GAC TAC AGA GCC TTT GGC CGC CTC ATG GTG GAG AGC CAC CGC

Arg Gly Asp Tyr Arg Ala Phe Gly Arg Leu Met Val Glu Ser His Arg TCA CTC AGA GAC GAC TAT GAG GTG AGC TGC CCA GAG CTG GAC CAG CTG

Ser Leu Arg Asp Asp Tyr Glu Val Ser Cys Pro Glu Leu Asp Gln Leu GTG GAG GCT GCG CTT GCT GTG CCT GGG GTT TAT GGC AGC CGC ATG ACG

Val Glu Ala Ala Leu Ala Val Pro Gly Val Tyr Gly Ser Arg Met Thr GGC GGT GGC TTC GGT GGC TGC ACG GTG ACA CTG CTG GAG GCC TCC GCT

Gly Gly Gly Phe Gly Gly Cys Thr Val Thr Leu Leu Glu Ala Ser Ala 22u~583 W O 96/09374 PCTrUS95/06743 ._ GCT CCC CAC GCC ATG CGG CAC ATC CAG GAG CAC TAC GGC GGG ACT GCC

Ala Pro His Ala Met Arg His Ile Gln Glu His Tyr Gly Gly Thr Ala ACC TTC TAC CTC TCT CAA GCA GCC GAT GGA GCC AAG GTG CTG TGC TTG

Thr Phe Tyr Leu Ser Gln Ala Ala Asp Gly Ala Lys Val Leu Cys Leu TGAGGCACCC CCAGGACAGC ACACGGTGAG GGTGCGGGGC CTGCAGGCCA GTCCCACGGC

AAAAAAAAAA Ai~UU~AAAC TCGAG

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 1349 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA

(lx) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/~EY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 29..1204 W O 96/09374 2 2 ~ u 3 PCTrUS95/06743 ~xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:

GAATTCGGCA CGAGTGCAGG CGCGCGTC ATG GCT GCT TTG AGA CAG CCC CAG

Met Ala Ala Leu Arg Gln Pro Gln GTC GCG GAG CTG CTG GCC GAG GCC CGG CGA GCC TTC CGG GAG GAG TTC

Val Ala Glu Leu Leu Ala Glu Ala Arg Arg Ala Phe Arg Glu Glu Phe GGG GCC GAG CCC GAG CTG GCC ATG TCA GCG CCG GGC CGC GTC AAC CTC

Gly Ala Glu Pro Glu Leu Ala Met Ser Ala Pro Gly Arg Val Asn Leu ATC GGG GAA CAC ACG GAC TAC AAC CAG GGC CTG GTG CTG CCT ATG GCT

Ile Gly Glu His Thr Asp Tyr Asn Gln Gly Leu Val Leu Pro Met Ala CTG GAG CTC ATG ACG GTG CTG GTG GGC AGC CCC CGC AAG GAT GGG CTG

Leu Glu Leu Met Thr Val Leu Val Gly Ser Pro Arg Lys Asp Gly Leu GTG TCT CTC CTC ACC ACC TCT GAG GGT GCC GAT GAG CCC CAG CGG CTG

Val Ser Leu Leu Thr Thr Ser Glu Gly Ala Asp Glu Pro Gln Arg Leu CAG TTT CCA CTG CCC ACA GCC CAG CGC TCG CTG GAG CCT GGG ACT CCT

Gln Phe Pro Leu Pro Thr Ala Gln Arg Ser Leu Glu Pro Gly Thr Pro CGG TGG GCC AAC TAT GTC AAG GGA GTG ATT CAG TAC TAC CCA GCT GCC

Arg Trp Ala Asn Tyr Val Lys Gly Val Ile Gln Tyr Tyr Pro Ala Ala WO 96/09374 2 2 0 ~ 5 8 3 PCT/US95/06743 CCC CTC CCT GGC TTC AGT GCA GTG GTG GTC AGC TCA GTG CCC CTG GGG

Pro Leu Pro Gly Phe Ser Ala Val Val Val Ser Ser Val Pro Leu Gly GGT GGC CTG TCC AGC TCA GCA TCC TTG GAA GTG GCC ACG TAC ACC TTC

Gly Gly Leu Ser Ser Ser Ala Ser Leu Glu Val Ala Thr Tyr Thr Phe CTC CAG CAG CTC TGT CCA GAC TCG GGC ACA ATA GCT GCC CGC GCC CAG

Leu Gln Gln Leu Cys Pro Asp Ser Gly Thr Ile Ala Ala Arg Ala Gln GTG TGT CAG CAG GCC GAG CAC AGC TTC GCA GGG ATG CCC TGT GGC ATC

Val Cys Gln Gln Ala Glu His Ser Phe Ala Gly Met Pro Cys Gly Ile ATG GAC CAG TTC ATC TCA CTT ATG GGA CAG AAA GGC CAC GCG CTG CTC

Met Asp Gln Phe Ile Ser Leu Met Gly Gln Lys Gly His Ala Leu Leu ATT GAC TGC AGG TCC TTG GAG ACC AGC CTG GTG CCA CTC TCG GAC CCC

Ile Asp Cys Arg Ser Leu Glu Thr Ser Leu Val Pro Leu Ser Asp Pro AAG CTG GCC GTG CTC ATC ACC AAC TCT AAT GTC CGC CAC TCC CTG GCC

Lys Leu Ala Val Leu Ile Thr Asn Ser Asn Val Arg His Ser Leu Ala TCC AGC GAG TAC CCT GTG CGG CGG CGC CAA TGT GAA GAA GTG GCC CGG

Ser Ser Glu Tyr Pro Val Arg Arg Arg Gln Cys Glu Glu Val Ala Arg WO 96l09374 2 2 ~ U ~ 8 3 PCTIUS95/06743 GCG CTG GGC AAG GAA AGC CTC CGG GAG GTA CAA CTG GAA GAG CTA GAG

Ala Leu Gly Lys Glu Ser Leu Arg Glu Val Gln Leu Glu Glu Leu Glu GCT GCC AGG GAC CTG GTG AGC AAA GAG GGC TTC CGG CGG GCC CGG CAC

Ala Ala Arg Asp Leu Val Ser Lys Glu Gly Phe Arg Arg Ala Arg His GTG GTG GGG GAG ATT CGG CGC ACG GCC CAG GCA GCG GCC GCC CTG AGA

Val Val Gly Glu Ile Arg Arg Thr Ala Gln Ala Ala Ala Ala Leu Arg CGT GGC GAC TAC AGA GCC TTT GGC CGC CTC ATG GTG GAG AGC CAC CGC

Arg Gly Asp Tyr Arg Ala Phe Gly Arg Leu Met Val Glu Ser His Arg TCA CTC AGA GAC GAC TAT GAG GTG AGC TGC CCA GAG CTG GAC CAG CTG

Ser Leu Arg Asp Asp Tyr Glu Val Ser Cys Pro Glu Leu Asp Gln Leu GTG GAG GCT GCG CTT GCT GTG CCT GGG GTT TAT GGC AGC CGC ATG ACG

Val Glu Ala Ala Leu Ala Val Pro Gly Val Tyr Gly Ser Arg Met Thr GGC GGT GGC TTC GGT GGC TGC ACG GTG ACA CTG CTG GAG GCC TCC GCT

Gly Gly Gly Phe Gly Gly Cys Thr Val Thr Leu Leu Glu Ala Ser Ala GCT CCC CAC GCC ATG CGG CAC ATC CAG GAG CAC TAC GGC GGG ACT GCC

Ala Pro His Ala Met Arg His Ile Gln Glu His Tyr Gly Gly Thr Ala 220~583 ._ ACC TTC TAC CTC TCT CAA GCA GCC GAT GGA GCC AAG GTG CTG TGC TTG

Thr Phe Tyr Leu Ser Gln Ala Ala Asp Gly Ala Lys Val Leu Cys Leu TGAGGCACCC CCAGGACAGC ACACGGTGAG GGTGCGGGGC CTGCAGGCCA GTCCCACGGC

TCTGTGCCCG GTGCCATCTT CCATATCCGG GTGCTCAATA AACTTGTGCC TCCAATGTGG

AAA~AA~AAA AAAAAAAAAC TCGAG

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A~ LENGTH: 1349 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (li) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA

(ix) FEATURE:
(A) NAME/~EY: CDS
(B) LOCATION: 29..265 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:

GAATTCGGCA CGAGTGCAGG CGCGCGTC ATG GCT GCT TTG AGA CAG CCC CAG

Met Ala Ala Leu Arg Gln Pro Gln W O 96/09374 2 2 ~ u ~ 8 3 PCT~US95106743 GTC GCG GAG CTG CTG GCC GAG GCC CGG CGA GCC TTC CGG GAG GAG TTC

Val Ala Glu Leu Leu Ala Glu Ala Arg Arg Ala Phe Arg Glu Glu Phe Gly Ala Glu Pro Glu Leu Ala Val Ser Ala Pro Gly Arg Val Asn Leu ATC GGG GAA CAC ACG GAC TAC AAC CAG GGC CTG GTG CTG CCT ATG GCT

Ile Gly Glu His Thr Asp Tyr Asn Gln Gly Leu Val Leu Pro Met Ala CTG GAG CTC ATG ACG GTG CTG GTG GGC AGC CCC CGC AAG GAT GGG CTG

Leu Glu Leu Met Thr Val Leu Val Gly Ser Pro Arg Lys Asp Gly Leu GTG TCT CTC CTC ACC ACC TCT TAGGGTGCCG ATGAGCCCCA GCGGCTGCAG

Val Ser Leu Leu Thr Thr Ser TTTCCACTGC CCACAGCCCA GCGCTCGCTG GAGCCTGGGA CTCCTCGGTG GGCCAACTAT

GTCAAGGGAG TGATTCAGTA CTACCCAGCT GCCCCCCTCC CTGGCTTCAG TGCAGTGGTG

GTCAGCTCAG TGCCCCTGGG GGGTGGCCTG TCCAGCTCAG CATCCTTGGA AGTGGCCACG

TACACCTTCC TCCAGCAGCT CTGTCCAGAC TCGGGCACAA TAGCTGCCCG CGCCCAGGTG

TGTCAGCAGG CCGAGCACAG CTTCGCAGGG ATGCCCTGTG GCATCATGGA CCAGTTCATC

W O 96/09374 2 2 U ~ S 8 3 PC~rrUS95/06743 5 TCACTTATGG GACA~AAAGG CCACGCGCTG CTCATTGACT GCAGGTCCTT G~AGACCAGC

CTGGTGCCAC TCTCGGACCC CAAGCTGGCC GTGCTCATCA CCAACTCTAA TGTCCGCCAC

~CCClGGCCT CCAGCGAGTA CCCTGTGCGG CGGCGCCAAT GTGAAGAAGT GGCCCGGGCG

CTGGGCAAGG AAAGCCTCCG GGAGGTACAA CTGGAAGAGC TAGAGGCTGC CAGGGACCTG

GT~.AG~AAAG AGGGCTTCCG GCGGGCCCGG CACGTGGTGG GGGAGATTCG GCGCACGGCC

CAGGr-AGCGG CCGCCCTGAG ACGTGGCGAC TACAGAGCCT TTGGCCGCCT CATGGTGGAG

AGCCACCGCT CACTCAGAGA CGACTATGAG GTGAGCTGCC CAGAGCTGGA CCAGCTGGTG

GAGGCTGCGC TTGCTGTGCC TGGGGTTTAT GGCAGCCGCA TGACGGGCGG TGGCTTCGGT

GGCTGCACGG TGACACTGCT GGAGGCCTCC GCTGCTCCCC ACGCCATGCG GCACATCCAG

GAGCACTACG GCGGGACTGC CACCTTCTAC CTCTCTCAAG CAGCCGATGG AGCCAAGGTG

CTGTGCTTGT GAGGCACCCC CAGGACAGCA CACGGTGAGG GTGCGGGGCC TGCAGGCCAG

TCCCACGGCT CTGTGCCCGG TGCCATCTTC CATATCCGGG TGCTCAATAA ACTTGTGCCT

CCAATGTGGA AA~LULaAa AAAAAAAACT CGAG

.2~u~3 ~2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 7676 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid 0 (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA ~genomic) ~xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7:

CCGAGCATCC CGCGCCGACG GGTCTGTGCC GGAGCAGCTG TGCAGAGCTG CAGGCGCGCG

TCATGGCTGC TTTGAGACAG CCCCAGGTCG CGGAGCTGCT GGCCGAGGCC CGGCGAGCCT

TCCGGGAGGA GTTCGGGGCC GAGCCCGAGC TGGCCGTGTC AGCGCCGGGC CGCGTCAACC

TCATCGGGGA ACACACGGAC TACAACCAGG GCCTGGTGCT GCCTATGGTG AGGGGCTGCA

CGGGGAGCCC CTAGCCCGCC GCCGCCTGTC CCGGTCGCCG AGGAGGGCGG GCCTCGGGGA

CGCTGGGGGC GACl~lTCC CGCGGGAGAT GTGGGGCGGG CAGCTGCGCC TGGAGCACCG

GTGCACGGAA GAGTCCCCGG GACAGGCTGT TCCCCACGTT GGAAGGGAGG AAGCGAAGAA

GTGGTCCCCA GAGGGTGCGC GGCCGCCTCT TGGCTCAAGC CCGCCCTCTG GGGGCTGGGG

W 096/09374 ~ 2 0 ~ 5 8 3 PCT~US95/06743 ClCC~CGC~l TCAACCTGGG AGCATGTTCC CCTTAAACTG TGAGGCCCTG TGTGCCACGC

AGAAGGGGAC ACTCCGCGCC TCCGGCCACC GTGGGGCCCC AACCGCAGAC CTGGGCGAAC

GTAGCCTTCT GGCCCAGCCC GTTCAATTTA CAGAGGAGGA AACTGAGGCC TAGAGAGGCC

CAGTGAACTG CTGGAGGTCA CACAGCAGGT TCTTGGCGGG GCTGCGACTT GGGAGTGAGG

ACTCCCAGCT TTCAGCGGGG GGCGCTTTCC GCCCCATCTG CAGCTTGGGG AGTGCACAGG

TACAGGATGT CCAGAGCCAC CCAAAATGTA AAGGCTTTGG AGCTCCAGTG Al~lG1l-lC

CCTTTGGGCT AAGCTCTCCC CCCTTGCCCC ACAGCTCAGG GCAGAGTCCA GGTCTGTGCT

CCAGCTGCAG CCGCCCCGCC CCTGAAGACC TAAGGGGGCA GGGCTCAAGC CCCCAAGGTC

AGCTGGCCCT CAGGATCTTC CCTGCGACGC TGAACCTGGA GGTTCAGAAC CTGATGACTG

TGGAGGCATC AGAACCTCGG CTGGAGGCAG TGTCATTGGA GAGGCTTACT CCAGCTGGCG

GAAGCCTCAC GTACTGCTTG TCTCTCCTGC CAGGCTCTGG AGCTCATGAC GGTGCTGGTG

GGCAGCCCCC GCAAGGATGG GCTGGTGTCT CTCCTCACCA CCTCTGAGGG TGCCGATGAG

CCCCAGCGGC TGCAGTTTCC ACTGCCCACA GCCCAGCGCT CGCTGGAGCC TGGGACTCCT

W 0 96/09374 PCTtUS95tO6743 CGGTGGGCCA ACTATGTCAA GGGAGTGATT CAGTACTACC CAGGTATGGG GCCCAGGCCT

GAGCCAAGTC CTCACTGATA CTAGGAGTGC CACCTCACAG CCACAGAGCC CATTCATTTG

TCTGATACAC ~iGGGGAAG GCTTGTAGAG TGGAGCATCC CATTGTACAG ATGAGGAAAC

TGATGCCCCC AGAAGGTCGG GAACTTGCCC TGGGTTTCCC GTGACCTGAT TGGAGGAGCC

AGGATTTGAA CCCCAGCCTT TTTTCCCTCC AGAGCCCTAA ACCAGGAGGA CAATTAGAAG

TGTCCCAGCA ACCTCAGAGG GTGGGAAAAT GGAGGGGAGT GGGTCCCTTG GGCCAGCAGG

TTGGTGGGGT TCTTGACAAT TGAGACACAC ACCTAGAAAC AGTTGCTAGG CCGTTGCTGC

CCTTCCCGCC AGGACACCTG CCCTTCCTGT CCAATCCTCC CAGGCAGCCT CTCTTACCAT

CAC~lGi~Ci TTCCCCCTGC AGCTGCCCCC CTCCCTGGCT TCAGTGCAGT GGTGGTCAGC

TCAGTGCCCC TGGGGGGTGG CCTGTCCAGC TCAGCATCCT TGGAAGTGGC CACGTACACC

TTCCTCCAGC AGCTCTGTCC AGGTACCAGC TAGGCCCCAG CCCTGACCCA GCCCTCCTTC

CCTGAGGTCT CCAGGTGGTC CCAGCTTCTA CTATGCCTTA TGGAGGGGGT GGCAGGGAAT

CTCCCTGGAG TGTCATTGAA GCCACTGCTG CTTCCACCAG CCCTAGCCTC CCCACCTCAC

W 096l09374 ~ 2 ~ ~ ~ 8 3 PCT~US95/06743 _ CCTGTACTGC AGACTCGGGC ACAATAGCTG CCCGCGCCCA GGTGTGTCAG CAGGCCGAGC

ACAGCTTCGC AGGGATGCCC TGTGGCATCA TGGACCAGTT CATCTCACTT ATGGGACAGA

AAGGCCACGC GClGC~CATT GACTGCAGGT TGGGCTCGCT CCCCTCGTCC CCTCCCGCCC

TGCACTCAGC AGCTCCTGGG TGGAGTGTGC CCACTGCCTG GCGCAGCAAG CACACGCTTG

GCClCClCAT C-CCCCCATT GTAACTCCAC CCCAGGTCCT TGGAGACCAG CCTGGTGCCA

CTCTCGGACC CCAAGCTGGC CGTGCTCATC ACCAACTCTA ATGTCCGCCA CTCCCTGGCC

TCCAGCGAGT ACCCl~lGCG GCGGCGCCAA TGTGAAGAAG TGGCCCGGGC GCTGGGCAAG

GAAAGCCTCC GGGAGGTACA ACTGGAAGAG CTAGAGGGTG AGAACTGCCA GGClGCl~lA

TCCTGGAGGC GG~lGlGClC CCTGCTGGCG CCTCAGTGTG GCCTTGACCC TGCCTGGGAC

CCCGATCTCC AGGGGCTTCT GCCATGCTCT CCCCAGTCCC TTCAAACACT GCGCACCCAG

GGTTCCAATC TCAGCAGGGG TGCTTGAAAT CCTAAAATGG TCTTATCTAA T~AG~AAAAT

CATGTTTCCA TTGTGGAAAA TGTAGAAAAG TACAAAGTAG AAAATAATAA GCTATAAGGG

CACTACCCAG AGATAGGCAC TGCTGACATT TTCACGTTTC CTTTCAGTAT TTTTCCACAT

W 096/09374 ~ 2 ~ U 5 8 3 PCT~US95/06743 ~lGlC.lCAA AGCTGAGTAT ATGTAATATA TCATCACTTT CCCCCCCCAC CCCC

TTAAGAGGCA GGGlClCATT CTGTTGCCCA AGCTGGAGTG TAGTGGTGTG ATCATAGCTT

ACTGCAAACT TGAACTCTTG AGCTCAAGGG ATCCTCCCAG CTCAGCCTTC CAAGTAGCTG

AGATTACAGG TGTGCCACCA TGCCCGGCTA ATTTTTATCT TCGTAAAGAC GGCCTTGTAG

TGTTGCCCAG GATGATCCTG AACTCTGGCC TCAAGAGGTC CTCCTGCCTT GGGCTCCCAA

AGTGTTGGGA TTATAGGCAT GAGCCACTGC GGCCAGCCCA TTTGCCGTGT lllllllllG

GACACA~AGT TTCGGTCTTG TCACCCATGC TGGAGTGCAA TGGTGCGATC TCAGCTCACT

GTAACCTCTG CCTCCCGGGT TCAAGTGATT CTCCTGCCTC AGCCTCCCGA GTAGCTGGGA

CTACAGGCGC CCGCCACTAC GCCTGGCACA TTTTTTATAG TTCTAGTAGA GACTGGGGTT

TCACCATGTT GGCCAGGCTG GTCTCAAACG CCTGACCTCA GGTGATCCTC CCGCCTCAGC

CTTCCAAAGT GCTGGGATTA CAGGCGTGAG CCATAGTGCC GGTCTCTTTT

TTAAACTAAA CATAATCTCA GAACCCAGAA CCCTATCTTA TCTTATGCCA TGAAAGGCAT

ATCTCGGCGT GGCICl~ lllll CIllTllIll GGGCGAGGTG GAGGCTTGCC

W0 96/09374 2 2 0 ~J; ~, 3 PCTrUS95/06743 ~ lGCCCA GGCTGGAGTG CAGCGGCGCA ATCTCGGTTC ACTGCATCCT CCACCICClG

GGTCCAAATG ATCClCCrGC CTTAGCTTCC TGAGTAGGTG GGATTACTGG AACCCACCAC

CACGCCCAGC CAATTTTTAT ATTTTTAGTA GAGACGGGGT TTCATGTTGG CCAGGCTGGC

CTCGAACTCC TGACCTCGTG ATCTGCCCGC CTCAGCCTCC CAATGTGCTA GGATTACATG

TGTGAGCCAC TGCACCTGGC CTCCGTGTGG CTCTTTAAAG CTCCACAATA TTTTAGCATT

CAGGTGCTCT GTCATTTACT TAACTATTTT CTGATACACC TCACACTGCG ATTAACTTTC

CTTATTTATC TTTTTTATTA TTTATTTATT TATTTATTTG AGACAGAGTC TTGCTCTGTC

ACCCAGGCTG GAGTGCAGTG GCACGATCTC GGCTCACTGC AACCTCTGCC TCCCAGGTTC

AAGTGATTCT CCTGCCTCAG CCTCCTGAGT AGCTAGGATT AGAGGCATGT GCCACCACAC

CTGGCTAATC TTCGTATTTT TAGCAGAGAT GAGGTTTTAC CATGTTGGTC GGGCTGGTCG

TGAACCACTG TGCCTGGCCA lClIl,rlAT TTTTTAAAGA GATGGGTTCT GCTAAGTTGC

CCAGGCTGGA CCTGAACTCT TGGGCTCAAG TAATCTTCTC ACCTAGTCTC CTGGGTAGCT

W O 96/09374 2 2 ~ ~ S 8 3 PCTrUS95/06743 GCAACCAAAG GCACCCGGTT TATCTGCATT ClC~ ll TCTTTGAGAC TGAG~CllGC

TCTGTAGCCC AGGCTGGAGC GCAGTGGCGT GATCTCGGCT CACTGCAACC TCCGTCTTCA

GGGTTCAAGC AAll~lCC-G CCTCAGCCTC TGGAGTGGCT GGGACTACAG GCGTGTGCCA

CCAGAGCGAG TTAATTTTTT .llllllllG TATTTTTAGT GGACACTGGG TTTCACTATA

TTGGCCAGGC TGG1Cll'GGA CTCCTGACCT CAAGTGATCC GCCTGCCTTG GCCTCCCAAA

20 ClGClGGGAT TACAGGCACA GGCGTGAGCC ACTACACCTG GCCTATCTGC A'll~lCllAA

TA6111C'llA GAAATGGATT CTTAGGAGTA GGATTACAGA GTCAAGA~.AC ACAAGTTTTG

TAGGCTGGGT GCGGlGGClC ACGTCTGTGC CTGTAATCCC AGTACTTTAG GAGGCCAAGG

TGGGCAGATT CATTGAGCTC AGGAATTCGA GACCAGCCTG GGCAACATGG CAAAACCCCA

TCTCTAAAGA AATACAAAAA TTAGCCAGGT GTGGTGGTGT GTGCCTGTAG TCCTAGCTAC

TTAGGAGGCT GGGGTGGGAG GATCAATTGA GCCCAGGAGG TTGAGACTGC AGTGAGCTGT

GATTGCACCA TGGCACTCCA GCCTGGGCCT CAAAGTGAGA TCCTGTCTCC AAAA~.~AAAA

AGATACAAGT ATCCTTAAGG CTCCTGCTAC ACATGGCCAG GAAGGTAGTC TATTGGACAG

W 096/09374 2 2 U ~ 5 8 3 PCTAUS95/06743 TTTTAAGGTC ATTATCAATA TTAGCTCATT TAATTCCCTC CAAAACTCTG TAAAGCACAT

TCTGCTACCA TAGTTGTCAT ATTTTTGATG GGGGAATCTA CAGTGAGAGG CAGTGCTGGG

ATCTGAACCC CATCTGGACA GATTAGCTCC AGGGCCCATG CTCTTGACTG GCTGGCCGCG

CTGCCCACAC TGAGTTGTTC CTTCCTGGCA GGGTAGGTGT GCCTATCTCA GGGACACTAG

ACAGCTCCGA GGGACCTCCC TGTCClll~C ClllGlGAAC TGTGTCACGT TCTCCAGAGC

AGGGCTCAGA CCTGCCCTGC CTGCl~lGlG CAGATGCCCT TGGCCAAGGT TTTCACACTG

CAAGTTG GTCCCTCCTC CCCACCCCAG CCTGTCCTTG GCCCTCCTCC AGGlC1C~l L

CTG~ATAGGA GCAGCTCACC CTGCCTCCTC CAGAGTCCTG CCCTAGAAGC GCAATCCCTC

TCCTTCCATC CCCTGCCTGG CTGCCTGGCT CCTTCCCTCA GCCTCCAAGA CATGCTCAGT

TTTCTTCCCT CCTAA~ACAC CACCCACTGT CTCATTTCCA TTCATTTCTT lC111~11iC

111C11illl llllllGAGA GGGAGCCTCA CTCTGTCACC CAGGCTGAAG TGCAGTGGCA

TGATCTCCAC TCACTGCAAC CTCCGCCTCC CAGGTTCAAG CAATTCTCCT GCCTCAGCCT

CCTGAGTAGC TGGGATTACA GGCGCCTGCC ACGATGCCCG GCTAACTTTT GTATTTTTAG

W 096/09374 '~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ 3 PCTrUS95/06743 TAGA~ACGGG G1l~CGCCAT GTTGGCCAGG CTGGTCTCGA GCTCCTGACC TCAGGCAATC

TGCCTGCCTC AGCTTCCCAA AGTGCTGGGA TTACAGGTGT GAGCCACCGC GCCCACCCAT

TCATTTCTCA GlCCl~GAA TCTACTTGCC CCTCCATCCC GCCATGCCAC CTACCCTAAC

AACCTTCCCC CTTAAACCTG CGGG~llGGC CGGGCGCAGT ACACTGAGTC AGTACTGGTA

CTGACCCAGG TACCCCTCCA GCCTCAGCTC CAGTCAGATG GGACAGCCTG ClGGICCClG

GClGCll~lG CCCCClCllC TGGAGCCCCA GCCCTGGAGG CTCCATGTGG CTCAGCAGAA

Cll~ CC TCCTGCTCTG TGGTGGCCTC TTGAGGGCAG CACTCACCTT GGAAAGCATG

GA~l~lllCA ACCCTCACTG CTCCCTGAAG GACCAAGGTG TCCCATTTTA CAGTCGGGGG

AGGAGGCACT GTGATAAAGG GGCTCTTCAG ACCCACGTCT GAGAGAGCCA GGCTGCGCCG

CCCCCGCGGC CTTCCACCCT TCACCGTCCA GCCAGGGCCA CTGCCATCAC CGCCTGCTGG

TCCTCACAGG CGTCGGGGCC CCAGGCAGTG AGAAGGCGGC TGCTGACTCC TCTTTCCTCC

CCAGCTGCCA GGGACCTGGT GAGCAAAGAG GGCTTCCGGC GGGCCCGGCA CGTGGTGGGG

GAGATTCGGC GCACGGCCCA GGCAGCGGCC GCCCTGAGAC GTGGCGACTA CAGAGCCTTT

2 2 0 0 5 ~ 3 PCT/USg5/06743 _ S GGCCGCCTCA TGGTGGAGAG CCACCGCTCA CTCAGGTGAG GCCCTCTGGG CGCCCCGCTC

CTGCCGGGCA CAGGCCGGCC CAGGCCCACC CCTTCAATAT CCTCTCTGCA G~CGACTA

TGAGGTGAGC TGCCCAGAGC TGGACCAGCT GGTGGAGGCT GCGCTTGCTG TGCCTGGGGT

TTATGGCAGC CGCATGACGG GCGGTGGCTT CGGTGGCTGC ACGGTGACAC TGCTGGAGGC

CTCCGCTGCT CCCCACGCCA TGCGGCACAT CCAGGTGGGC GGGCACCAGG GCCTGGGCGG

GCAGGAGCGG CAGCTTCCCG GGGCCCTGCC ACTCACCCCC AGCCCGCCTC TTACAGGAGC

ACTACGGCGG GACTGCCACC TTCTACCTCT CTCAAGCAGC CGATGGAGCC AAGGTGCTGT

GCTTGTGAGG CACCCCCAGG ACAGCACACG GTGAGGGTGC GGGGCCTGCA GGCCAGTCCC

ACGGCTCTGT GCCCGGTGCC ATCTTCCATA TCCGGGTGCT CAATAAACTT GTGCCTCCAA

TGTGGTACCT GCCTCCTCTA GAGGTGGGTG TATGCTTGGG TGTCAGAGAA TGGGGGATGT

CAGAACCGCT CCCCTACCCT AGGGGAGCAC CTCTCAGGCC CCAGAAGAAT GGGCAAGGCA

GGGCCTAGCA GTAGCAAAAC CATTTATTAA GTGCAGAACA AAGGCTGGGT CCTTGTGCTG

CTCCCAGCTC TTTGGTTACA AATAGGTTTG GGCCCACAGA GGACGGACCT TGCCCCCTTC

~32U~83 W 096/09374 PCTrUS95/06743 ATGCCTCCCA GGAGACACCT AGCCCCTGCT CTGTGCATGC GGGTGGGCTG GGCCCCCAGG

GGTGCAAGGA TGGAGTAGCT GAGGAGGCTC CGGGAGAGGA GTCGGGAGGA CGCCTAGTGG

GACATTGCGG GGGTGGCGCA GGGTGCGGTC AAGTTTGGAA GAAACTGTTG GGTCCA

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid ~C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8:

AGCCTTCCGG GAGGAGTTCG G

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acld (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) W 096/09374 ~ 2 ll ~ 5 8 3 PCTrUS95/06743 _ (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9:

CTGGTTGTAG TCCGTGTGTT C

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:10:

GCCAGCAGCT CCGCGACCTG G

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:11:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:11:

GCTTCCTCCC TTCCAACGTG G

~2UV~83 W 096/09374 - PCTrUS95/06743 t2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:12:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single tD) TOPOLOGY: linear (li) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:12:
CCCAGGCTCC AGCGAGCGCT G

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:13:

ACCTCTGAGG GTGCCGATGA G

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:14:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:

W O 96/09374 ~ 2 0 ~ 5 8 3 PCTrUS95/06743 .~_ (A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA ~genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:14:

CCCACAGCTC AGGGCAGAGT C

20 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:15:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (c) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:15:

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:16:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear ~20iJ~3 ~ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA ~genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:16:

GATGAACTGG TCCATGATGC C

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:17:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:17:
AGGGGCACTG AGCTGACCAC C

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:18:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B~ TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) -W 096/09374 ~ 2 ~) ~J 5 8 3 PCT~US95/06743 _ (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:18:

CACTTCTACA CATTGGCGCC G

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:19:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D~ TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:19:

CTTCGCAGGG ATGCCCTGTG G

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:20:

(1) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:20:

~ 220ui83 W 096/09374 PCTrUS95/06743 TCATCACCAA CTCTAATGTC C

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:21:

~i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
~A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs ~B) TYPE: nucleic acid ~C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: llnear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:21:

TGTCAGCAGT GCCTATCTCT G

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:22:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid ~C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:22:
AGCAGCGGAG GCCTCCAGCA G

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:23:

~2:)~583 ~i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
~A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs ~B) TYPE: nucleic acid ~C) STRANDEDNESS: single ~D) TOPOLOGY: linear ~ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) ~xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:23:

CCTCACCGTG TGCTGTCCTG G

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:24:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:24:

GGCTGCGCTT GCTGTGCCTG G

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:25:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid 2~5~3 (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:25:

CCTCACCGTG TGCTGTCCTG G

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:26:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:26:

CCTCACCGTG TGCTGTCCTG G

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:27:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acld (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) W O 96t09374 PCTnUS95/06743 -s (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:27:
GCGGGACTGC CACCTTCTAC C

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:28:
(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 21 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:28:

CTCAATAAAC TTGTGCCTCC A

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:29:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 23 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLO~Y: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) 220U~3 W 096/09374 PCTrUS95/06743 ~xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:29:

CGGATATGGA AGATGGCACC GGG

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:30:

(1) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 22 base pairs ~B) TYeE: nuclelc acld (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: llnear (11) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) (xl) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:30:

AGAGCTGCAG GCGCGCGTCA TG

(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:31:

(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 19 base pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acld (C) STRANDEDNESS: slllgle (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (il) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomlc) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:31:

CCGAGCATCC CGCGCCGAC

W 096/09374 2 2 ~ U 5 8 3 PCTrUS95/06743 (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:32:

~i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:
(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs ~B) TYPE: nucleic acid ~C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic~

(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:32:
CAGCTGCCCG CCCCACATCT

Claims (21)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding human genomic galactokinase, said nucleic acid molecule selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a nucleic acid molecule comprising the sequence as set forth in SEQ ID
NO:7; and (b) a nucleic acid molecule differing from the nucleic acid molecule of (a) in codon sequence due to the degeneracy of the genetic code.

2. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 1.

3. A recombinant host cell comprising the vector of claim 2.

4. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a DNA sequence that encodes nucleotides 29 to 1204 of SEQ ID NO:5 or nucleotides 29 to 265 of SEQ ID NO:6.

5. A vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim 4.

6. The vector according to claim 5 which is a plasmid.

7. A recombinant host cell comprising the vector of claim 5.

8. A process for preparing a human galactokinase protein comprising culturing the recombinant host cell of claim 7 under conditions promoting expression of said protein and recovery thereof.

9. An isolated protein encoded by the DNA sequence of claim 4.

10. A monoclonal antibody that is specifically reactive with the protein of claim 9.

11. A method for diagnosing conditions associated with human galactokinase deficiency which comprises isolating a serum or tissue sample from an individual;
allowing such sample to come in contact with an antibody or antibody fragment which specifically binds to the human galactokinase protein of claim 9 under conditions such that an antigen-antibody complex is formed between said antibodyor antibody fragment and said galactokinase protein; and detecting the presence or absence of said complex.

12. A method for diagnosing conditions associated with human galactokinase deficiency which comprises isolating a nucleic acid sample from an individual; assaying said sample and the DNA sequence, or corresponding RNA sequence, that encodes a human galactokinase gene; and comparing differences between said sample and saidDNA (or RNA) that encodes nucleotides 29 to 1204 of SEQ ID NO:4, wherein said differences indicate mutations in the human galactokinase gene.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein said sample is RNA which is subsequently amplified by PCR-RT.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein assaying said sample comprises a restriction endonuclease digestion.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein said restriction endonuclease is Msc I.

16. The method of claim 12 wherein assaying said sample comprises a hybridization assay.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein the hybridization assay is heteroduplex electrophoresis which comprises determining differential mobility of heteroduplex products in polyacrylamide gels, said heteroduplex products are the result of hybridization between the nucleic acid sample and the DNA sequence, or corresponding RNA sequence, that encodes nucleotides 29 to 1204 of SEQ ID NO:4.

18. The method of claim 12 wherein assaying said sample comprises gel electrophoresis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms of said nucleic acid sample and the DNA sequence, or corresponding RNA sequence, that encodes nucleotides 29 to 1204 of SEQ ID NO:4.

19. The method of claim 12 wherein assaying said sample comprises DNA
sequencing.

20. A method for diagnosing conditions associated with human galactokinase deficiency which comprises isolating cells from an individual containing genomic DNA
and assaying said sample by in situ hybridization using the DNA sequence that encodes nucleotides 29 to 1204 of SEQ ID NO:4, nucleotides 29 to 1204 of SEQ ID
NO:5, or nucleotides 29 to 265 of SEQ ID NO:6; or a fragment that encodes at least one exon of said sequence; or a fragment containing at least 15 contiguous base pairs of said sequence as a probe.

21. A transgenic non-human mammal capable of expresing in any cell thereof the DNA of claim 4.