CA2199876A1 - Waterra disposable bailer - Google Patents
Waterra disposable bailerInfo
- Publication number
- CA2199876A1 CA2199876A1 CA 2199876 CA2199876A CA2199876A1 CA 2199876 A1 CA2199876 A1 CA 2199876A1 CA 2199876 CA2199876 CA 2199876 CA 2199876 A CA2199876 A CA 2199876A CA 2199876 A1 CA2199876 A1 CA 2199876A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- molded
- bailer
- valve
- liquid
- injection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/12—Dippers; Dredgers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The Applicant's invention is of an improved apparatus, otherwise described as a bailer, which is utilized in obtaining a sample or volume of liquid from a reservoir. The Applicant's bailer is intended to be a completely disposable item and consists of utilizing a transparent material for the bailer body which is molded to contain a pouring spout that is separated from the lowering cord connection point. The body contains debossedincrementations for free-product measurement and has an injection molded inlet valve at the lower proximal end of the device. A weight compartment for allowing rapid sinking in the liquid is also provided which is held in place within the bailer by molded flanges in the bailer body.
Description
Waterra Disposable Bailer Liquid Sampling Apparatus The invention described in this application relates to a device intended to be used for obtaining a volume of liquid from a liquid reservoir.
Back~round Obtaining samples from groundwater, which describes underground water sources, enables geoscientists and regulatory agencies to evaluate the subsurface for the presence of environmental cont~ in~tion. Environmental groundwater sampling is most commonly conducted by advancing a borehole into the ground with a drilling rig or such apparatus and installing a monitoring well. The monitoring well consists of a casing, typically polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or steel, which is extended into the ground to a depth beneath the level of standing groundwater. The base of the well casing contains a screened portion, which enables water to flow into the casing, while keeping thesurrounding soil material out. Samples of representative groundwater from the monitoring well are then analyzed by a laboratory for parameters defined by regulatory guidelines and these results are used to determine the extent and level of cont~ n~tion in the subsurface.
Groundwater sampling is cullelllly conducted by two methods, through pumping systems or via grab samples conducted by devices called 'bailers'. Bailers are typicallyconstructed of a tubular body of metal or plastic that contains a hole at the bottom of the tube that is of a smaller diameter than the inside diameter of the tube body. The top of the device also contains an opening and provides a connection in which a cord or rope can be attached. A ball, which is a slightly larger diameter than the hole at the base and 2~ 99876 top of the device but is of a size to allow it to move freely within the tube, is placed inside the bailer.
To obtain a liquid sample, the bailer is lowered with a cord down a monitoring well or into the surface of liquid to be sampled. The liquid enters into the bailer by the hole at the base of the device. After filling, the bailer is raised out of the liquid and the ball, which is constructed of a material denser than water, forms a seal around the base hole thus preventing the liquid sample from escaping. The sample is then transferred to a sample container by pouring the liquid out via the hole at the top of the bailer and into the container.
Of the varieties of bailers currently on the market, they all fall into two categories; non-disposable or disposable types. Non-disposable bailers are typically constructed of either stainless steel or Teflon which are non-reactive to most chemical compounds encountered in the groundwater at cont~min:~tçd sites. They also disassemble forcleaning which is required after every sampling episode. Cleaning bailers is time consuming, costly and introduces a potential for cross-cont~min~tion between samples if the cleaning is not done correctly or completely.
An alternative is disposable bailers which are intended for one use only. Disposable bailers are relatively cheap compared to non-disposable types and are typically constructed of polymers, including but not limited to polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Although these materials may not be as chemically inert as those in non-disposable bailers, the residence time for the cont~min~ted sample in the bailer is usually only less than a minute, therefore in most cases the chemical compounds in the sample do not have enough time to significantly react with the plastic in the bailer prior to transferring the sample to a container. As an added feature, both non-disposable and disposable types of bailers are offered with weights. Bailer weights typically consist of a metal torus secured to the bailer wall. This feature makes the device heavier and decreases the time that the bailers take to fill, hence making sampling more efficient.
~1 99876 Both disposable and non-disposable bailers have common problems which require improvement. These problems include having a valve at the base of the bailer which seal effectively (bailers with balls have difficulty obtaining a complete seal due to either the non-perfectly spherical nature of the balls or to a seam running around the girth of the ball due to the molding process in which they are manufactured). Balls are available without parting line seams from the molding process, but are relatively expensive and therefore are prohibitive for use in a disposable item if cost effectiveness is to be observed. The use of a ball can prevent proper seating on the bottom hole of the bailer and thus leakage can occur. It is understood, however, that total sealing may be difficult to obtain due to silt or sand particles that may be in the water that prevent a seal around the inlet hole.
Another negative feature with bailers currently on the market is the non-l-allsparel-l nature of most plastics or the opaqueness of metals used in bailer manufacture.
Transparency is a feature that is desirable due to its ability to allow one to inspect the sample visually prior to transferring the sample to a container. Liquids immiscible with water are also known as free-product, and include oils, gasoline and other lighthydrocarbons. These can be observed in the device as they would appear on the surface of the groundwater (free product can also include hydrocarbons that are denser than water but these types are not typically sampled with bailers). Polyethylene and polypropylene are not ll~nsl)arelll and although lranspalelll PVC and other polymers are available, they are difficult to extrude to form a tube which is thin enough, cheap enough and rigid enough for use in a one liter disposable bailer.
A further problem with the design of bailers presently available is the relative locations of the discharge hole and the connection point where a lowering cord can be attached .
Due to allelllpl~ to simplify manufacture and to space constraints, their proximity to each other makes it difficult to pour the sample from the bailer without spilling the sample or encountering interference with the cord.
Summary of the Invention The goal of the project which resulted in the development of the Waterra disposable bailer was to construct a bailer that has a capacity of at least one liter; to contain an intake valve with components that do not interfere with the pouring spout when collecting the sample; to be transparent to allow for visual inspection of the sample and free-product; to have a discharge spout that is not interfered with by the supporting cord or rope; to be inexpensive; to be weighted for rapid filling; and to have increments on the body, in both inches and centimetres, allowing for measurement of free product in the sample.
To meet the above referenced objectives, the Applicant has utilized manufacturing technologies previously not commonly associated with bailer and bailer componentmanufacture.
In the optimal configuration of the invention, the ball has been elimin~te-l entirely by l]tili~ing an injection molded valve consisting of three parts: the valve seat, the valve housing and the valve stem. Injection molding the parts allows for precise quality control. Alternatively, a precision ground ball can be used instead of the valve stem, but due to cost constraints, an injection molded part is preferred.
The body of the Waterra disposable bailer is constructed of transparent PVC that is vacuum formed in two halves, with the parting line offset from the centre along the linear axis. This manufacturing process allows for the use of strong, rigid and llallsl)alelll PVC
material that would be difficult to produce with extrusions. The two halves are attached along the seam by Radio Frequency (RF) welding. This technique fuses the plastic parts together to form a seal without introducing glues or solvents that could con~ te a groundwater sample. Vacuum molding also allows for h~ lillg increments, without ~1 99876 the use of inks, along the length of the bailer for free product measurement. This is not possible with extrusion technology if the bailer is to remain economically priced.
A pouring spout has been molded in a location separate from the connection point where the cord is tied to the device. The shape of the spout is designed such that the discharge hole can be readily enlarged to increase the speed in which the bailer can be emptied. A
sample can be obtained without interference from the support cord.
The Waterra disposable bailer has been designed to be weighted to allow rapid filling of the device. This is accomplished with a PVC plastic, water tight weight compalllllent that is filled with cast off metal punchings or similar materials with high specific gravity and weighs one quarter of a pound (114 grams). The weight col..palLlllent is held in place inside the bailer by two flanges molded into the inside of the vacuum molded body.
The flanges are designed such that liquid is able to pass around the weight compartment to fill the device. Cast off metal punchings were used to make the weight container cost effective.
Brief Description of the Drawings In the drawings which illustrate the embodiment of the invention, Figure 1 is anelevational side and front view of the Applicant's disposable bailer; Figure 2 is an elevational side and front view of the top end of the Applicant's disposable bailer, detailing the pour spout, the cord connection location and the RF welded seam; Figure 3 is an elevational side and front view of the bottom end of the Applicant's disposable bailer, detailing the injection molded weight coll-pallment and the injection molded valve assembly; Figure 4 is an elevational exploded side view of the injection molded valve assembly; and Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the injection molded weight colnl)al l-nent, indicating the metal punchings used as weight.
Description of the Optimal Embodiment of the Invention The device illustrated is comprised to two linear vacuum molded halves, an anterior half 1 and posterior half 2. The two halves are joined along a seam 3 along the linear axis by a Radio Frequency (RF) weld producing a leak-proof seal without the use of adhesives that could compromise the quality of samples obtained from the device.
A hole 4 is open at the upper distal end of the device which allows for the attachment of a cord, rope or cable for lowering the bailer into a liquid. A pouring spout 5 is molded into the anterior half 1 of the device which protrudes away from the face of the half 1. A
hole is open in the center of the spout 5 which allows for the controlled flow and release of liquid contained in the device. The surface of spout 5 extends perpendicularly from the face of the anterior half 1 and is then chamfered inwards at an angle which concludes at the inside diameter of the pouring hole. If a larger diameter pouring hole is desired, the spout 5 can be cut along the neck of the spout 5 to obtain a larger diameter pouring hole.
During the vacuum forming process, incrementations in inches and centimeters aredebossed along the faces of the anterior half 1 and posterior half 2, respectively. These incrementations commence at the lower distal end of the device and conclude at the upper distal end.
An injection-molded PVC valve assembly comprised of a valve stem 7, a valve housing 8 and a valve seat 9 is set into the lower distal end of the bailer. The valve housing 8 and the valve seat 9 are snap-fitted together through a hole 12 in lower distal end of the anterior half 1. The snap fit provides a seal between the anterior half 1 by tightly closing two flexible collars on the bottom of the valve housing 8 and the top of the valve seat 9.
The valve stem 7 is held in place by the valve housing 8 and the valve seat 9 and is allowed to open and close through a range of motion limited by the top of the valve 2~ 99876 housing 8 and the top of the valve seat 9. Alternatively, a ball can be used in the place of the valve stem 7.
An injection-molded PVC weight co--lpa~ ent 10 is secured in place with a flange 11, located near the lower distal end of the device and which is comprised of two mirrored parts. One is molded into the anterior half 1 and the other molded into the posterior half 2. Figure 3 illustrates the position of the weight compartment l 0 when the halves of the bailer are sealed. The weight con.pall-l.ent is secured in place by protuberances at the top and bottom of the halves of flange 11.
The embodiment of the injection-molded PVC weight con-l)a-l-l~ent 10 is illustrated in Figure 5 and is comprised of three parts; the weight container body 13, the cap 14 and the weight material 15. The weight material 15 shown is comprised of cast off metal punchings. The cap 14 is snap-fitted to the weight container body 13 and the entire weight conlpa~l-nent 10 is inverted so that when placed in a liquid, an air-lock is formed and no liquid can enter the weight col..l3a I nlent.
Back~round Obtaining samples from groundwater, which describes underground water sources, enables geoscientists and regulatory agencies to evaluate the subsurface for the presence of environmental cont~ in~tion. Environmental groundwater sampling is most commonly conducted by advancing a borehole into the ground with a drilling rig or such apparatus and installing a monitoring well. The monitoring well consists of a casing, typically polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or steel, which is extended into the ground to a depth beneath the level of standing groundwater. The base of the well casing contains a screened portion, which enables water to flow into the casing, while keeping thesurrounding soil material out. Samples of representative groundwater from the monitoring well are then analyzed by a laboratory for parameters defined by regulatory guidelines and these results are used to determine the extent and level of cont~ n~tion in the subsurface.
Groundwater sampling is cullelllly conducted by two methods, through pumping systems or via grab samples conducted by devices called 'bailers'. Bailers are typicallyconstructed of a tubular body of metal or plastic that contains a hole at the bottom of the tube that is of a smaller diameter than the inside diameter of the tube body. The top of the device also contains an opening and provides a connection in which a cord or rope can be attached. A ball, which is a slightly larger diameter than the hole at the base and 2~ 99876 top of the device but is of a size to allow it to move freely within the tube, is placed inside the bailer.
To obtain a liquid sample, the bailer is lowered with a cord down a monitoring well or into the surface of liquid to be sampled. The liquid enters into the bailer by the hole at the base of the device. After filling, the bailer is raised out of the liquid and the ball, which is constructed of a material denser than water, forms a seal around the base hole thus preventing the liquid sample from escaping. The sample is then transferred to a sample container by pouring the liquid out via the hole at the top of the bailer and into the container.
Of the varieties of bailers currently on the market, they all fall into two categories; non-disposable or disposable types. Non-disposable bailers are typically constructed of either stainless steel or Teflon which are non-reactive to most chemical compounds encountered in the groundwater at cont~min:~tçd sites. They also disassemble forcleaning which is required after every sampling episode. Cleaning bailers is time consuming, costly and introduces a potential for cross-cont~min~tion between samples if the cleaning is not done correctly or completely.
An alternative is disposable bailers which are intended for one use only. Disposable bailers are relatively cheap compared to non-disposable types and are typically constructed of polymers, including but not limited to polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Although these materials may not be as chemically inert as those in non-disposable bailers, the residence time for the cont~min~ted sample in the bailer is usually only less than a minute, therefore in most cases the chemical compounds in the sample do not have enough time to significantly react with the plastic in the bailer prior to transferring the sample to a container. As an added feature, both non-disposable and disposable types of bailers are offered with weights. Bailer weights typically consist of a metal torus secured to the bailer wall. This feature makes the device heavier and decreases the time that the bailers take to fill, hence making sampling more efficient.
~1 99876 Both disposable and non-disposable bailers have common problems which require improvement. These problems include having a valve at the base of the bailer which seal effectively (bailers with balls have difficulty obtaining a complete seal due to either the non-perfectly spherical nature of the balls or to a seam running around the girth of the ball due to the molding process in which they are manufactured). Balls are available without parting line seams from the molding process, but are relatively expensive and therefore are prohibitive for use in a disposable item if cost effectiveness is to be observed. The use of a ball can prevent proper seating on the bottom hole of the bailer and thus leakage can occur. It is understood, however, that total sealing may be difficult to obtain due to silt or sand particles that may be in the water that prevent a seal around the inlet hole.
Another negative feature with bailers currently on the market is the non-l-allsparel-l nature of most plastics or the opaqueness of metals used in bailer manufacture.
Transparency is a feature that is desirable due to its ability to allow one to inspect the sample visually prior to transferring the sample to a container. Liquids immiscible with water are also known as free-product, and include oils, gasoline and other lighthydrocarbons. These can be observed in the device as they would appear on the surface of the groundwater (free product can also include hydrocarbons that are denser than water but these types are not typically sampled with bailers). Polyethylene and polypropylene are not ll~nsl)arelll and although lranspalelll PVC and other polymers are available, they are difficult to extrude to form a tube which is thin enough, cheap enough and rigid enough for use in a one liter disposable bailer.
A further problem with the design of bailers presently available is the relative locations of the discharge hole and the connection point where a lowering cord can be attached .
Due to allelllpl~ to simplify manufacture and to space constraints, their proximity to each other makes it difficult to pour the sample from the bailer without spilling the sample or encountering interference with the cord.
Summary of the Invention The goal of the project which resulted in the development of the Waterra disposable bailer was to construct a bailer that has a capacity of at least one liter; to contain an intake valve with components that do not interfere with the pouring spout when collecting the sample; to be transparent to allow for visual inspection of the sample and free-product; to have a discharge spout that is not interfered with by the supporting cord or rope; to be inexpensive; to be weighted for rapid filling; and to have increments on the body, in both inches and centimetres, allowing for measurement of free product in the sample.
To meet the above referenced objectives, the Applicant has utilized manufacturing technologies previously not commonly associated with bailer and bailer componentmanufacture.
In the optimal configuration of the invention, the ball has been elimin~te-l entirely by l]tili~ing an injection molded valve consisting of three parts: the valve seat, the valve housing and the valve stem. Injection molding the parts allows for precise quality control. Alternatively, a precision ground ball can be used instead of the valve stem, but due to cost constraints, an injection molded part is preferred.
The body of the Waterra disposable bailer is constructed of transparent PVC that is vacuum formed in two halves, with the parting line offset from the centre along the linear axis. This manufacturing process allows for the use of strong, rigid and llallsl)alelll PVC
material that would be difficult to produce with extrusions. The two halves are attached along the seam by Radio Frequency (RF) welding. This technique fuses the plastic parts together to form a seal without introducing glues or solvents that could con~ te a groundwater sample. Vacuum molding also allows for h~ lillg increments, without ~1 99876 the use of inks, along the length of the bailer for free product measurement. This is not possible with extrusion technology if the bailer is to remain economically priced.
A pouring spout has been molded in a location separate from the connection point where the cord is tied to the device. The shape of the spout is designed such that the discharge hole can be readily enlarged to increase the speed in which the bailer can be emptied. A
sample can be obtained without interference from the support cord.
The Waterra disposable bailer has been designed to be weighted to allow rapid filling of the device. This is accomplished with a PVC plastic, water tight weight compalllllent that is filled with cast off metal punchings or similar materials with high specific gravity and weighs one quarter of a pound (114 grams). The weight col..palLlllent is held in place inside the bailer by two flanges molded into the inside of the vacuum molded body.
The flanges are designed such that liquid is able to pass around the weight compartment to fill the device. Cast off metal punchings were used to make the weight container cost effective.
Brief Description of the Drawings In the drawings which illustrate the embodiment of the invention, Figure 1 is anelevational side and front view of the Applicant's disposable bailer; Figure 2 is an elevational side and front view of the top end of the Applicant's disposable bailer, detailing the pour spout, the cord connection location and the RF welded seam; Figure 3 is an elevational side and front view of the bottom end of the Applicant's disposable bailer, detailing the injection molded weight coll-pallment and the injection molded valve assembly; Figure 4 is an elevational exploded side view of the injection molded valve assembly; and Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the injection molded weight colnl)al l-nent, indicating the metal punchings used as weight.
Description of the Optimal Embodiment of the Invention The device illustrated is comprised to two linear vacuum molded halves, an anterior half 1 and posterior half 2. The two halves are joined along a seam 3 along the linear axis by a Radio Frequency (RF) weld producing a leak-proof seal without the use of adhesives that could compromise the quality of samples obtained from the device.
A hole 4 is open at the upper distal end of the device which allows for the attachment of a cord, rope or cable for lowering the bailer into a liquid. A pouring spout 5 is molded into the anterior half 1 of the device which protrudes away from the face of the half 1. A
hole is open in the center of the spout 5 which allows for the controlled flow and release of liquid contained in the device. The surface of spout 5 extends perpendicularly from the face of the anterior half 1 and is then chamfered inwards at an angle which concludes at the inside diameter of the pouring hole. If a larger diameter pouring hole is desired, the spout 5 can be cut along the neck of the spout 5 to obtain a larger diameter pouring hole.
During the vacuum forming process, incrementations in inches and centimeters aredebossed along the faces of the anterior half 1 and posterior half 2, respectively. These incrementations commence at the lower distal end of the device and conclude at the upper distal end.
An injection-molded PVC valve assembly comprised of a valve stem 7, a valve housing 8 and a valve seat 9 is set into the lower distal end of the bailer. The valve housing 8 and the valve seat 9 are snap-fitted together through a hole 12 in lower distal end of the anterior half 1. The snap fit provides a seal between the anterior half 1 by tightly closing two flexible collars on the bottom of the valve housing 8 and the top of the valve seat 9.
The valve stem 7 is held in place by the valve housing 8 and the valve seat 9 and is allowed to open and close through a range of motion limited by the top of the valve 2~ 99876 housing 8 and the top of the valve seat 9. Alternatively, a ball can be used in the place of the valve stem 7.
An injection-molded PVC weight co--lpa~ ent 10 is secured in place with a flange 11, located near the lower distal end of the device and which is comprised of two mirrored parts. One is molded into the anterior half 1 and the other molded into the posterior half 2. Figure 3 illustrates the position of the weight compartment l 0 when the halves of the bailer are sealed. The weight con.pall-l.ent is secured in place by protuberances at the top and bottom of the halves of flange 11.
The embodiment of the injection-molded PVC weight con-l)a-l-l~ent 10 is illustrated in Figure 5 and is comprised of three parts; the weight container body 13, the cap 14 and the weight material 15. The weight material 15 shown is comprised of cast off metal punchings. The cap 14 is snap-fitted to the weight container body 13 and the entire weight conlpa~l-nent 10 is inverted so that when placed in a liquid, an air-lock is formed and no liquid can enter the weight col..l3a I nlent.
Claims (9)
1. An elongated, cylindrical container for collecting a volume of liquid, comprising a molded pouring spout, a molded connection point where a lowering cord can be attached and molded incrementations for measuring the amount of sample contained in the apparatus. It also includes an injection-molded one-way inlet valve, which may or may not include a ball and an injection-molded weight compartment that is held in place within the device.
2. An apparatus as defined in Claim 1 wherein a transparent or opaque material is utilized for either part or the whole of the container of the apparatus such that an unobstructed view of the liquid contained within the apparatus is attained.
3. An apparatus as defined in Claim 1 wherein a pouring spout hole is molded or cut into the material comprising the body at either proximal end of the container such that the release or transfer of the liquid contained in the apparatus can be conducted.
4. An apparatus as defined in Claim 1 wherein a connection point is molded or cut into the material comprising the body at the upper distal end of the container such that a rope, cord, cable or such article can be attached to the apparatus.
5. An apparatus as defined in Claim 1 and Claim 2 in which incrementations in inches and centimeters are debossed along the elongate cylindrical surface of the device. These incrementations commence numerically at the lower distal end of the device and conclude at the upper distal end.
6. An apparatus as defined in Claim 1 wherein the injection molded one-way inlet valve is comprised of an article, acting as the valve proper, which can be either an injection molded part or a ball that is prevented from interfering with the discharge spout of the device (where the liquid is released or transferred from the apparatus) by a housing, cage or like mechanical means.
7. An apparatus as defined in Claim 6 wherein the valve proper is molded such that the seal is not compromised by a parting line seam.
8. An apparatus as defined in Claim 6 wherein the valve housing and the valve seat are held together by means of a convex ridge along the outside diameter of the valve seat, which when compressed against the valve housing, seats into a matching concave groove on the inside diameter of the valve housing. Two flexible matching flanges, one located on the valve housing and one on the valve seat, provide a water-tight seal against the bailer body when the valve is assembled.
9. An apparatus as defined in Claim 1 and in Claim 2 wherein the injection molded weight compartment is held in place inside the body of the apparatus by a flange, located near the lower distal end of the device.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2199876 CA2199876A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 | 1997-03-13 | Waterra disposable bailer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2199876 CA2199876A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 | 1997-03-13 | Waterra disposable bailer |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2199876A1 true CA2199876A1 (en) | 1998-09-13 |
Family
ID=4160158
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2199876 Abandoned CA2199876A1 (en) | 1997-03-13 | 1997-03-13 | Waterra disposable bailer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2199876A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112727455A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-30 | 华南理工大学 | Device for rapidly washing underground water |
-
1997
- 1997-03-13 CA CA 2199876 patent/CA2199876A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112727455A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-30 | 华南理工大学 | Device for rapidly washing underground water |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |