CA2195299A1 - Tire studded pipe pig - Google Patents
Tire studded pipe pigInfo
- Publication number
- CA2195299A1 CA2195299A1 CA 2195299 CA2195299A CA2195299A1 CA 2195299 A1 CA2195299 A1 CA 2195299A1 CA 2195299 CA2195299 CA 2195299 CA 2195299 A CA2195299 A CA 2195299A CA 2195299 A1 CA2195299 A1 CA 2195299A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- pig
- pipe
- cleaning
- rubber
- studs
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
- B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
- B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
- B08B9/053—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
- B08B9/055—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles
- B08B9/0552—Spherically shaped pigs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
- B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
- B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
- B08B9/04—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes
- B08B9/053—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction
- B08B9/055—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages using cleaning devices introduced into and moved along the pipes moved along the pipes by a fluid, e.g. by fluid pressure or by suction the cleaning devices conforming to, or being conformable to, substantially the same cross-section of the pipes, e.g. pigs or moles
- B08B9/0553—Cylindrically shaped pigs
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
Abstract
Pipe pigs are used to clean buildup from within pipes. They are forced through the pipe with a motivating fluid. This invention contemplates a novel shape of pig better able to accommodate bends or even sharp turns within a pipe. A snow tire stud is used on the exterior of a rubber, preferably urethane pig which has a diameter generally that is equal to the pipe size. In one aspect of the invention the pig is ovoid shaped. In a design for sharp turns a spherical pig is used. Finally, an improved method of using the pig is specified. The method contemplates monitoring motivating fluid pressure as a function of pig travel within the pipe. After a pressure drop, pig travel direction is reversed, thereby concentrating cleaning effort on those few areas with reduced internal diameter which most need cleaning.
Description
21 ~9~' WO9St35172 PCT1CA95100364 T~ STUDDED PIPE PIG
RA~K~OUND OF T~ INvENTIO~
This invention relates to pipeline pigs and pigs used to clean coke and scale from within the tubes of furnaces, heat exchangers and other process piping which may have bends and sharp turns.
Over time the fluid carried within a pipe tends to coat the inner walls of the pipe. This coating reduces interior pipe cross-sectional area and restricts ~low therein. In the case of furnaces and other heat exchange processes where thermal conductivity through the pipe wall is critical to the process, pipes must be kept ro~cnn~hly clean in order to keep effini~nni~c at acceptable levels.
The standard method of cleaning a pipe is to drive a pig th~L~hluuyh using fluid pLes~Le as the driving force. The exterior walls of the pig being forced through the pipe scrape and clean the interior walls of the pipe removing buildup therefrom. When the pipes are cleaned, say for example in a ~urnace, freguently an entire manu~acturing process must be shut down. In this case, it is very important to minimi7e ~ "shut down" cl~ni ng time. Cleaning a pipeline several miles long is also a time cnncllming and expensive process. It is SUBSTrrUTE SH~Er ~ 9~29q
RA~K~OUND OF T~ INvENTIO~
This invention relates to pipeline pigs and pigs used to clean coke and scale from within the tubes of furnaces, heat exchangers and other process piping which may have bends and sharp turns.
Over time the fluid carried within a pipe tends to coat the inner walls of the pipe. This coating reduces interior pipe cross-sectional area and restricts ~low therein. In the case of furnaces and other heat exchange processes where thermal conductivity through the pipe wall is critical to the process, pipes must be kept ro~cnn~hly clean in order to keep effini~nni~c at acceptable levels.
The standard method of cleaning a pipe is to drive a pig th~L~hluuyh using fluid pLes~Le as the driving force. The exterior walls of the pig being forced through the pipe scrape and clean the interior walls of the pipe removing buildup therefrom. When the pipes are cleaned, say for example in a ~urnace, freguently an entire manu~acturing process must be shut down. In this case, it is very important to minimi7e ~ "shut down" cl~ni ng time. Cleaning a pipeline several miles long is also a time cnncllming and expensive process. It is SUBSTrrUTE SH~Er ~ 9~29q
2 PCT/CA95/003 important to have a pig and a pigging process which clean efficiently.
In order to more efficiently scrape the interior of the pipe pigs having relatively flexible bodies and teeth or scrapers extending outwardly therefrom have been used. o.
Sivacoe's rAn~iAn patent application #2,038,019-5 is for a pipeline pig having a flexible cylindrical body having recesses with internally threaded anchors therein. A threaded bolt screws therein. one of the problems with this design is that i5 wears out ~uickly, and another is that it is expensive to manufacture. The sleeves must be inserted into the cylinder during the molding process. O. Sivacoe's U.S.
application, 7/828,234 is for a similar pigg having a reduced radius in a central portion. When an end of the pig engages a restriction the central portion is said to expand outwardly engaging the restriction. The problem with this pig is that again it is expensive to manufacture and that the central portion expands when it engages a slight bend or turn in the pipe causing undue driving fluid p~es~ buildup and scraping at the bend.
OBJ~CTS AND STATFM~NT OF Tw~ INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a pig which is better able to a~ ' te slight bends and turns in a SUBSTrlUTE SHE~
~1 ~5~9~
95~172 PcT/CA95100364 pipe. It is an object of this invention to provide a pig which can a 'Ate sharp turns in a pipe. It is an object Or this invention to provide a pig which uses standard scraping AppPn~geS which are relatively quick and cheaply installed thereon and is therefore more Pc~r irAl to manufacture. It is yet another object of this invention to provide a pig which is durable and which may wear without the need for adjuaL L. It is yet another object of this invention to provide P design for a pig which can A~_ -' te severe internal buildups within pipes yet is sufficiently hard for finish ~l~An;ng. It is finally an object of this invention to provide a method of cleaning pipes and ~cpeciAlly p1p~linPq which is more efficient and time-saving than methods heretobefore employed.
One aspect of this invention provides for a pig for cleaning a pipe having a flexible body and a snow tire stud mounted therein. A preferred ~ho~i~ L further provides for the pig having an ovoid shape to better a: ' te slight bends in the pipe or a spherical shape to better a~ '-te sharp turns. An i , uved method of cleaning a pipe is provided wherein the pressure of the motivating fluid is monitored as a function of - ~ L of the pig in the pipe.
The direction of the motivating fluid in the pipe is I eveL~ed immediately after a ~Les~uLe drop is detected, so that the pig must repass through the tight portion of the pipe so that the SUBSmUTE S~EET
Z 1 952q9 cleaninsT effort is co1.~enL,~Led upon portions of the pipe which have the smallest internal passage therethrough.
Various other objects, advantages and features of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the accompanying drawings in which:
FICT~Pc OF TH3 I~VENTION
Figure l is a peI-pe~Live view of an ovoid pig.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 2-2 of Figure l.
Figure 3 is a p~t ~e~Live view of a spherical pig.
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 4-4 cr Figure 3.
The following is a ~;Cr7-CC;o7n and description of th preferred specific ~ir Lg of this invention, such being made with reference to the drawings, whereupon the same reference numerals are used to indicate the same or similar parts and/or structure. It should be noted that such SUBSTITUTE S}~EEl' ~i~c~ n and descriptioh is not meant to unduly li~it the scope of the invention.
SUBSTlllJTE SHEET
~ I q~2~ ' DFCC~IP~ION OE THE lNV~
Looking at the drawings, and more particularly Figure 1, we have an ovoid shaped pig 20. Compared to the conventionally shaped cylindrical pig ~not shown~ the ovoid pig 20 was found to be more able to ~t -te bends in a pipe which was being cleaned. The pig 20 ls made from rubber or urethane. A multiplicity of holes 28 are drilled around a central portion 22 of the pig 20. Snow tire studs 24 having a disc-shaped bottom portion 26 are then shot into the holes 28.
Alternatively, rather than being drilled, the holes could be pre-formed in the pig 20. After the stud 24 is shot into the hole 28 a bonding agent 30 may be added around the stud 24 in the hole 28.
By way of example, and without intending to limit the generality of the foregoing, it was found that a 4" diameter urethane pig, exclusive of the projecting stud length, was found to work well in a 4" pipe. Generally 5/8" studs in a 1/2" deep hole were satisfactory. However, stud length and hole depth can be tuned to the application.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of a spherical pig. The spherical pig was found to be the optimum shape of pig to use in boiler tubes and other process applications having sharp turns and even 180~ turns. cu,,aLLu~Lion is similar to the t SUI~SllTUTE 5HEET
21 9~9q WO95/35172 PcT/cA95/00364 ovoid piy. A 4" diameter rubber ball is preferred for a 4"
pipe. Rubber ~ ihility can be varied with the type of buildup being removed. Softer h~ dnrc can use more easily ~_ssed pigs. A softer pig is also preferred when the bnil~nrC are heavier.
Another variation (not shown) was the use of a urethane pig having tire studs therearound and having a fluid filled bladder. A needle accepting value, similar to that found on a football, is used to inflate and vary bladder ples~uL~. With this feature, pig ~ Ycsihility~ and hence scraping ~ssur~, could be increased as the pipe became cleaner.
The above described pigs are not only relatively cheap to produce, but e~L,~ -ly satisfactory in application. They could be made with a lower density rubber which would have increased - ~c;h; 1 ity useful in ~le~ning pies where the internal diameter was substantially reduced through the buildup of scale, iron, sulfides and other materials. These tire studded pigs were found to clean satisfactorily with only the use of water in the pipe, whereas many other pig designs are required to be used in conjunction with rhPm;r~1 solvents.
The use of water, instead of ~hPmic~lc is environmentally much preferred. It is also much cheaper, Pcre~;~l]y with long pipes.
SIJBSTITUTE SHEET
WO95135172 ~ 1 9 5 2 9 ~ PCT/CAgS/00364 Additionally, the pigs were found to wear well and be sufficiently abrasive to remove buildup, but not to be 3ufficiently obdurate, due to the resilience of the rubber, to damage the interior pipe surface.
Another technique was found to be useful in reduciny pipe ~lP~ning time, ocreciAlly in longer pipelines. A pig launcher is required on both ends of the pipe to be cleaned since pig travel in the pipe is bi-directional with this ~erhniqUp. A
5ystem comprising an automated control room, a clean water tank and a tank to collect contaminated water is used. A
valve arrangement controlled by a computer with a ~L~sauLe monitor, monitoring the ~Les~uLa of the motivating fluid as a function of pig v~ L in the pipe is also used. The direction of the motivating fluid is LeveLaed immediately after a ~Les~uL~ drop. This causes the pig to repass through the tight portion of the pipe so that cleaning effort is cu.,~nLL~ted upon portions of the pipe which have the smallest internal passage th~Let11luuy1l. In a long pipeline having a few restrictions, cl~Aning time is thereby effectively uu"~11LL~ted upon removing the restrictions and total ~ ning time is greatly reduced.
The foregoing description of the invention has been described with preferred specific ~ Ls thereof. This description is intended to illustrate, and not to limit the r SUBSTITUTE SHFEl-WO95/35172 ~1 9 5 ~ 9 ~ PCT/CA95/00364 scope of the invention. It will be evident that there are a number of changes, adaptions and modification5 of the present invention which come to mind and are within the province of the skilled in the art. It is intended that all such variations not departing from the spirit of the invention be cn~ ed as within the scope thereof as limited solely by the claims Appen~ hereto.
SUBSTITlJTE S~EE~
In order to more efficiently scrape the interior of the pipe pigs having relatively flexible bodies and teeth or scrapers extending outwardly therefrom have been used. o.
Sivacoe's rAn~iAn patent application #2,038,019-5 is for a pipeline pig having a flexible cylindrical body having recesses with internally threaded anchors therein. A threaded bolt screws therein. one of the problems with this design is that i5 wears out ~uickly, and another is that it is expensive to manufacture. The sleeves must be inserted into the cylinder during the molding process. O. Sivacoe's U.S.
application, 7/828,234 is for a similar pigg having a reduced radius in a central portion. When an end of the pig engages a restriction the central portion is said to expand outwardly engaging the restriction. The problem with this pig is that again it is expensive to manufacture and that the central portion expands when it engages a slight bend or turn in the pipe causing undue driving fluid p~es~ buildup and scraping at the bend.
OBJ~CTS AND STATFM~NT OF Tw~ INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide a pig which is better able to a~ ' te slight bends and turns in a SUBSTrlUTE SHE~
~1 ~5~9~
95~172 PcT/CA95100364 pipe. It is an object of this invention to provide a pig which can a 'Ate sharp turns in a pipe. It is an object Or this invention to provide a pig which uses standard scraping AppPn~geS which are relatively quick and cheaply installed thereon and is therefore more Pc~r irAl to manufacture. It is yet another object of this invention to provide a pig which is durable and which may wear without the need for adjuaL L. It is yet another object of this invention to provide P design for a pig which can A~_ -' te severe internal buildups within pipes yet is sufficiently hard for finish ~l~An;ng. It is finally an object of this invention to provide a method of cleaning pipes and ~cpeciAlly p1p~linPq which is more efficient and time-saving than methods heretobefore employed.
One aspect of this invention provides for a pig for cleaning a pipe having a flexible body and a snow tire stud mounted therein. A preferred ~ho~i~ L further provides for the pig having an ovoid shape to better a: ' te slight bends in the pipe or a spherical shape to better a~ '-te sharp turns. An i , uved method of cleaning a pipe is provided wherein the pressure of the motivating fluid is monitored as a function of - ~ L of the pig in the pipe.
The direction of the motivating fluid in the pipe is I eveL~ed immediately after a ~Les~uLe drop is detected, so that the pig must repass through the tight portion of the pipe so that the SUBSmUTE S~EET
Z 1 952q9 cleaninsT effort is co1.~enL,~Led upon portions of the pipe which have the smallest internal passage therethrough.
Various other objects, advantages and features of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the accompanying drawings in which:
FICT~Pc OF TH3 I~VENTION
Figure l is a peI-pe~Live view of an ovoid pig.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 2-2 of Figure l.
Figure 3 is a p~t ~e~Live view of a spherical pig.
Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along lines 4-4 cr Figure 3.
The following is a ~;Cr7-CC;o7n and description of th preferred specific ~ir Lg of this invention, such being made with reference to the drawings, whereupon the same reference numerals are used to indicate the same or similar parts and/or structure. It should be noted that such SUBSTITUTE S}~EEl' ~i~c~ n and descriptioh is not meant to unduly li~it the scope of the invention.
SUBSTlllJTE SHEET
~ I q~2~ ' DFCC~IP~ION OE THE lNV~
Looking at the drawings, and more particularly Figure 1, we have an ovoid shaped pig 20. Compared to the conventionally shaped cylindrical pig ~not shown~ the ovoid pig 20 was found to be more able to ~t -te bends in a pipe which was being cleaned. The pig 20 ls made from rubber or urethane. A multiplicity of holes 28 are drilled around a central portion 22 of the pig 20. Snow tire studs 24 having a disc-shaped bottom portion 26 are then shot into the holes 28.
Alternatively, rather than being drilled, the holes could be pre-formed in the pig 20. After the stud 24 is shot into the hole 28 a bonding agent 30 may be added around the stud 24 in the hole 28.
By way of example, and without intending to limit the generality of the foregoing, it was found that a 4" diameter urethane pig, exclusive of the projecting stud length, was found to work well in a 4" pipe. Generally 5/8" studs in a 1/2" deep hole were satisfactory. However, stud length and hole depth can be tuned to the application.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of a spherical pig. The spherical pig was found to be the optimum shape of pig to use in boiler tubes and other process applications having sharp turns and even 180~ turns. cu,,aLLu~Lion is similar to the t SUI~SllTUTE 5HEET
21 9~9q WO95/35172 PcT/cA95/00364 ovoid piy. A 4" diameter rubber ball is preferred for a 4"
pipe. Rubber ~ ihility can be varied with the type of buildup being removed. Softer h~ dnrc can use more easily ~_ssed pigs. A softer pig is also preferred when the bnil~nrC are heavier.
Another variation (not shown) was the use of a urethane pig having tire studs therearound and having a fluid filled bladder. A needle accepting value, similar to that found on a football, is used to inflate and vary bladder ples~uL~. With this feature, pig ~ Ycsihility~ and hence scraping ~ssur~, could be increased as the pipe became cleaner.
The above described pigs are not only relatively cheap to produce, but e~L,~ -ly satisfactory in application. They could be made with a lower density rubber which would have increased - ~c;h; 1 ity useful in ~le~ning pies where the internal diameter was substantially reduced through the buildup of scale, iron, sulfides and other materials. These tire studded pigs were found to clean satisfactorily with only the use of water in the pipe, whereas many other pig designs are required to be used in conjunction with rhPm;r~1 solvents.
The use of water, instead of ~hPmic~lc is environmentally much preferred. It is also much cheaper, Pcre~;~l]y with long pipes.
SIJBSTITUTE SHEET
WO95135172 ~ 1 9 5 2 9 ~ PCT/CAgS/00364 Additionally, the pigs were found to wear well and be sufficiently abrasive to remove buildup, but not to be 3ufficiently obdurate, due to the resilience of the rubber, to damage the interior pipe surface.
Another technique was found to be useful in reduciny pipe ~lP~ning time, ocreciAlly in longer pipelines. A pig launcher is required on both ends of the pipe to be cleaned since pig travel in the pipe is bi-directional with this ~erhniqUp. A
5ystem comprising an automated control room, a clean water tank and a tank to collect contaminated water is used. A
valve arrangement controlled by a computer with a ~L~sauLe monitor, monitoring the ~Les~uLa of the motivating fluid as a function of pig v~ L in the pipe is also used. The direction of the motivating fluid is LeveLaed immediately after a ~Les~uL~ drop. This causes the pig to repass through the tight portion of the pipe so that cleaning effort is cu.,~nLL~ted upon portions of the pipe which have the smallest internal passage th~Let11luuy1l. In a long pipeline having a few restrictions, cl~Aning time is thereby effectively uu"~11LL~ted upon removing the restrictions and total ~ ning time is greatly reduced.
The foregoing description of the invention has been described with preferred specific ~ Ls thereof. This description is intended to illustrate, and not to limit the r SUBSTITUTE SHFEl-WO95/35172 ~1 9 5 ~ 9 ~ PCT/CA95/00364 scope of the invention. It will be evident that there are a number of changes, adaptions and modification5 of the present invention which come to mind and are within the province of the skilled in the art. It is intended that all such variations not departing from the spirit of the invention be cn~ ed as within the scope thereof as limited solely by the claims Appen~ hereto.
SUBSTITlJTE S~EE~
Claims (11)
1) A pig for cleaning a pipe having a flexible body and a snow tire stud mounted therein.
2) A pig as in claim 1 wherein the body is ovoid in order to better accommodate slight bends in a pipe.
3) A pig as in claim 1 wherein the body is spherical in order to better accommodate sharp turns in a pipe.
4) A pig as in claim 2 wherein the studs are mounted around a central portion of the ovoid having the maximum diameter.
5) A pig as in claim 3 wherein a multiplicity of studs cover the entirety of the surface of the sphere.
6) A method of mounting studs in a pig comprising the step of shooting a tire stud in a preformed hold.
7) The method of claim 6 further comprising the step of filling in around the mounted stud with a bonding agent.
8) The method of claim 7 further comprising the first step of drilling holes in the pig to a desired depth.
9) A pig as in claim 1 wherein the pig is made from varying densities of rubber in order to vary the pressure required to compress the pig.
10) A pig as in claim 9 wherein the rubber is urethane.
11) A method of cleaning a pipe with a pig comprising the steps of, (1) monitoring the pressure in the motivating fluid as a function of movement of the pig in the pipe, (2) reversing the direction of the motivating fluid in the pipe immediately after a pressure drop, so that the pig must repass through the tight portion of the pipe so that cleaning effort is concentrated upon portions of the pipe which have the smallest internal passage therethrough.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US26257994A | 1994-06-20 | 1994-06-20 | |
| US08/262,579 | 1994-06-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2195299A1 true CA2195299A1 (en) | 1995-12-28 |
Family
ID=22998110
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2195299 Abandoned CA2195299A1 (en) | 1994-06-20 | 1995-06-19 | Tire studded pipe pig |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2709595A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2195299A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995035172A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0975444A1 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 2000-02-02 | Robert Watts | Soft core pig |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0725347D0 (en) * | 2007-12-31 | 2008-02-06 | Cokebusters Ltd | Improvements in or relating to pipeine pigs |
| GB2501312B (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2017-04-26 | Cokebusters Ltd | Improvements in or relating to pipeline pigs |
| CN105225370B (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2017-10-17 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of spherical pig alarm |
| CN117366388B (en) * | 2023-12-08 | 2024-02-27 | 四川德源管道科技股份有限公司 | Detector in foam ball pipeline |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2045887B (en) * | 1979-04-06 | 1983-05-05 | Sagawa S | Pipeline pig |
| US4242771A (en) * | 1979-07-16 | 1981-01-06 | Knapp Kenneth M | Pipeline pig |
| SU903689A1 (en) * | 1980-06-06 | 1982-02-07 | Всесоюзное научно-производственное объединение целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности | Apparatus for cleaning pipeline inner surface |
| JPH01184090A (en) * | 1988-01-20 | 1989-07-21 | Bridgestone Corp | Stopper for cleaning inside of pipe and production thereof |
| JPH0263588A (en) * | 1988-04-25 | 1990-03-02 | Pori Union Kogyo Kk | Pig for cleaning of inside wall surface of pipeline and production of pig for cleaning |
| US5265302A (en) * | 1991-03-12 | 1993-11-30 | Orlande Sivacoe | Pipeline pig |
-
1995
- 1995-06-19 CA CA 2195299 patent/CA2195299A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-06-19 AU AU27095/95A patent/AU2709595A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-06-19 WO PCT/CA1995/000364 patent/WO1995035172A2/en active Application Filing
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0975444A1 (en) | 1997-02-28 | 2000-02-02 | Robert Watts | Soft core pig |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2709595A (en) | 1996-01-15 |
| WO1995035172A2 (en) | 1995-12-28 |
| WO1995035172A3 (en) | 1996-02-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |