CA2194675A1 - Static furnace for the thermal decomposition of solids at high temperatures by thermal radiation - Google Patents
Static furnace for the thermal decomposition of solids at high temperatures by thermal radiationInfo
- Publication number
- CA2194675A1 CA2194675A1 CA002194675A CA2194675A CA2194675A1 CA 2194675 A1 CA2194675 A1 CA 2194675A1 CA 002194675 A CA002194675 A CA 002194675A CA 2194675 A CA2194675 A CA 2194675A CA 2194675 A1 CA2194675 A1 CA 2194675A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- furnace
- solids
- thermal radiation
- thermal
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
- F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2/00—Lime, magnesia or dolomite
- C04B2/02—Lime
- C04B2/04—Slaking
- C04B2/08—Devices therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/24—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a vertical, substantially cylindrical, combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/005—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces wherein no smelting of the charge occurs, e.g. calcining or sintering furnaces
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B1/16—Arrangements of tuyeres
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B1/24—Cooling arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
- F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
- F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
- F27D2009/001—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas
- F27D2009/0013—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas the fluid being water
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
- F27D2009/0002—Cooling of furnaces
- F27D2009/0018—Cooling of furnaces the cooling medium passing through a pattern of tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
- F27M2003/00—Type of treatment of the charge
- F27M2003/03—Calcining
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
The thermal radiation furnace, according to the present invention comprises the following main parts: a solids feeding system; a solids pre-heating system and at the same time a gas/vapor cooling system; a reactor for the thermal radiation thermal decomposition; a solid products of the reaction cooling system and at the same time a solid thermal energy recovery system; a solid products discharge system; a furnace heating system to the thermal radiation temperatures; a gas/vapor collecting system for the gases/vapors formed in the reaction; and a flue gases heat recovery system when combustion is the energy source for the thermal radiation.
Description
r ~ ~ ~ ~
USTATIC FURNA OE FOR THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF SOLIDS AT
HIGH TEMPERATURES BY THERMAL RADIATION~.
5 Techni~l Fiel~
The present invention refers to a static furnace, more ~
specifically to a static furnace for the thermal decomposition ~n of solids at high temperatures by thermal radiation. ~
Sllmm~ry of the inv~ntion The furnace of the present invention is characterized by i~
the utilization of essentially thermal radiation as the source of the heat needed in the process. Hence, the direct contact with the hot gases is avoided, these hot gases being generated in the combustion of fuels in the furnace environment, also avoided is the cont~mi~tion of the CO2 or of the sulfur (vapor) formed in the thermal decomposition of the limestone or of the pyritic substances, and of the solid residue formed in the furnace.
The source of thermal radiation can be electric energy, combustion of fossil andjor renewable fuels, externally to the furnace environment and other forms of heating the furnace chamber by thermal radiation.
21q~675 ~rief nescrlption of the nr~w;~gs:
- Figure 1 represents the front elevation of a static furnace for the thermal decomposition of solids at high temperatures by thermal radiation of the present invention.
Figure 2 represents a back elevation of the furnace of the invention.
Figure 3 represents the plant of the furnace of the invention.
Figure 4 represents a section according to the plane A - A in figure 3.
Figure 5 represents a section according to the plane B - B in Figure 4.
C~
15 Disclosllre of the Inv~nt'on C
This furnace is intended for the decomposition of solids at a temperature range from 500~C to 1200~C, for, for C~
instance, limestone calcination (CaCO3), to produce a lime (CaO) of high reactivity and pure carbonic gas (CO2), at 100%, 20 or the thermal decomposition of iron and copper pyrites, such as the pyritic rejects of coal, and the pyritic concentrates of iron and copper, to produce sulfur 100~~ pure and a residue of iron sulfide of industrial application.
The thermal radiation furnace, according to the present 25 invention comprises the following main parts:
a solids feeding systemi a solids pre-heating system which is also used in the cooling of the formed gases/vapors;
a reactor for the thermal decomposition by thermal 30 radiation;
a cooling system for the solid products of the reaction and for the solids thermal energy recovery;
o 3 3 2! 94675 a system for the discharge of the solid productsi a system for the heating of the furnace to the temperatures of - thermal radiation;
a system to collect the gas/vapors formed in the reaction; and a system to recover the energy of the flue gases whenever this is the source of energy for the thermal radiation.
Sol;~.s Fee~i ng Syst~m The solids are fed through the top of the furnace and ~a are moved in their path by gravity action until their ~e...~v~l from the furnace. A feeding hopper 1, silo or other means to store the solids, in the highest part of the assembly, o discharges the solids through a rotating valve 2, for example, O
or other feeding mechanism to the furnace, which defines O
tightness, preventing the gases/vapors formed in the environment to escape. C~
Soli~ pre-he~t; ng ~n~ g~ses/v~pors cool~ ng syst~m The solids are fed to the furnace at ambient temperature and they require to be heated up to the process temperature of the thermal decomposition, in the range 500~C to 1200~C. On the other hand, the gases/vapors formed in the thermal 2S decomposition which occurs in the reactor by thermal radiation being in the range of temperatures between 500~C and 1200~C, must be cooled down to temperatures suitable to their recovery and utilization in the following steps.
Therefore, the solids pre-heating takes place simultaneously to the gases/vapors cooling in the upper regions of the furnace, where the solids descend by gravity and the gases/vapors rise in counter-flow and in direct 2194675 PC~ R ~ 500003~
contact with the solids, thus producing the desired effects.
Once heated to the desired temperature of operation, the - solids enter the thermal decomposition reaction zone, which i9 strictly maintained at this defined temperature, rigorously controlled by the heating sources of those thermal radiation surfaces. The downflow in the reactor is cauged by the gravity action. The solids remain in this reaction zone the necessary time for their complete conversion and the production of the desired products, that is, the regidence time which i8 ~0 controlled by the solids movement by gravity through a mechanism of solids motion at the bottom of the furnace. To keep the quality or the purity of the gas/vapor formed, a ~
slight overpressure is maintained in the furnace to prevent ~n the contamination of the furnace atmosphere by external O
gases/vapors. Three reaction zones are shown in the figures. O
The heat to heat up the ceramic plates 4 is provided by O
burners 3 located in completely isolated chambers 5 from the reactions/reaction zones of the furnace to avoid the C~
contamination of the reaction products with the combustion products of the fuel and of the excess air. The chamber walls, where the burners are installed, are vertical and the refractory plates will be heated up to transfer the heat received via combustion to the solids (limestone or pyrites, pending upon the application) by thermal radiation.
The figures present four chambers and twelve burners each chamber, as an example. The number of burners for maximum energy efficiency will be defined as function of the flame intensity, shape and temperature.
Soli~ Pro~llcts of th~ re~ctio~ cooling systPm ~n~ the sol i~R
therm~l ~nergy recovery.
After completion of the thermal decomposition reaction, - 2194675 Fcil~R ~ ~3000~3~JD
s the solids in the temperature range 500~C - 1200~C will be cooled to temperatures suitable for their handling, discharge ~ and/or further utilization in other process steps downstream the furnace. The heat recovery from the solid products with their consequent cooling, can be made, for example, also by thermal radiation to a system of water cooled wall, to produce hot water and/or steam. Such water wall is similar to those existing in boilers in which the tubes 6 in a vertical position, united by fins or composing the waterwall, are filled up with water, from a lower water header 8b and receiving the heat of the solid products within the furnace, by thermal radiation quantity, the water is heated up and/or steam is produced which is guided then to the upper hot water or steam header 8a. In this system, the solids follow their ~
movement downwards by the action of gravity, allowed by a 0 mechanism, for example, rotary valves 7 actuated by low energy 0 consumption motors at the lowest part of the furnace or by an endless screw, which at the same time, makes the sealing and C~
tightness of the furnace against the intake of air and/or other gases to the interior of the furnace, which would contaminate the desired gases/vapors and/or solid products.
Hence, the same heat transfer mechanism is used, that is, the thermal radiation, to supply the heat of reaction of thermal decomposition, in the reactor, and for the thermal energy recovery and cooling of the reaction solid products.
Another way to recover the thermal energy contained in the solids and their simultaneous cooling, can be to send the solids to an air tight compartment, a silo for example, with double sealing and send air into it, cooling the solids and heating up the air which would serve as combustion air to the fuel burners.
21 94675 ~l18R 9 ~~ ~~ ~3~
nisch~r~e of Soli~ Pro~l~cts ~yRtem.
Once the solids are cooled, these reaction products are discharged from the furnace, by gra~ity, through the rotary valve 7, or endless screw, to the desired site.
-~ting of the fllrn~ce to th~ Th~rm~l RA~iAt;nn T~m~er~tllr~cSyst~m To reach the temperatures which are needed to the conduction of the process by thermal radiation, the external 10 source of heat to the furnace surfaces can be electric energy ~, or any other, for example, the burning of fossil fuels or C3 renewable energy, for example, in burners localized in compartments, adequately designed, to optimize the heating '~
process to the walls/surfaces of the furnace. Those burners and the burning compartments must be in a sufficient num.ber O
for the desired production rate, and their specification is a O
function of the temperature to be reached for the reaction ~
process to take place. The utilization of the temperature and C~
the flame radiant surface of the burners must be optimized, for the desired heating of the surfaces/walls of the furnace.
G~ Collect;ng/V~por Collecti ng Syst~m The gas/vapor of interest, formed in the reaction of thermal decomposition, should be recovered under conditions of their further utilization. An induction blowing system, downstream the furnace, defines the needed conditions to remove that gas/vapor. Care should be taken that the gas/vapor be at a temperature above its condensation at the exit to the furnace, or a partial condensation of one of its components, or above the dew point if it is a mixture of gases/vapors.
The gas/vapor formed, after its cooling and pre-heating of the solids before the reaction, enters a gas/vapor collector/header, at the uppermost part of the furnace, from where it is removed from the furnace. The collecting system for the gas/vapors must maintain a slight overpressure in the furnace atmosphere, to avoid its cont~m;n~tion with 5 gases/vapors from outside.
Fll~e ~ es ~nergy Recovery .~ystPm One of the possible external sources of heat, for heating of the surfaces/walls of the furnace to the 10 temperature of radiation for the process, is the combustion of -~
fossil or renewable fuels, liquid, with specially selected burners for the desired application, so that the fuel energy aU
use will be optimized, by means of the high temperature of the flame and of its surface, and of the temperature of the flue 15 gases. O
The burners are placed in the front part of the furnace ~
in compartments specially designed for this application, in an o adequate number to reach the temperature of the surfaces/walls G~
of the furnace, suitable to the process. The flue gases are C~
20 removed for example, from the rear part of those compartments and, might be used, in conventional equipments already available in the marketplace, for the pre-heating of the necessary air to the combustion which was itself the source of these flue gases.
The electric energy as source of external heat could only find practical application in those economic situations, in which, for example, the electric energy is cheap or can be generated at the site at low costs, or even, close to the furnace.
The figures present the typical configuration of the thermal radiation furnace, in which the several parts which make it, or its systems can be easily identified. The 8 PCTI~R 9 50 ~~ 03 ~,6 dimensions are typical and will depend upon the process and its characteristics, such as: size of the solid particles, - process temperature, external source of heat, nature of the formed products, level of the energy recovery desired, and of the nature and characteristics of the solid particles.
The flue gases produced in the combustion chambers are collected in a ~h~nnel 9 in the furnace, and, after pre-heating of the combustion air, the gases are vented to the atmosphere.
-o o o C~
C~
USTATIC FURNA OE FOR THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF SOLIDS AT
HIGH TEMPERATURES BY THERMAL RADIATION~.
5 Techni~l Fiel~
The present invention refers to a static furnace, more ~
specifically to a static furnace for the thermal decomposition ~n of solids at high temperatures by thermal radiation. ~
Sllmm~ry of the inv~ntion The furnace of the present invention is characterized by i~
the utilization of essentially thermal radiation as the source of the heat needed in the process. Hence, the direct contact with the hot gases is avoided, these hot gases being generated in the combustion of fuels in the furnace environment, also avoided is the cont~mi~tion of the CO2 or of the sulfur (vapor) formed in the thermal decomposition of the limestone or of the pyritic substances, and of the solid residue formed in the furnace.
The source of thermal radiation can be electric energy, combustion of fossil andjor renewable fuels, externally to the furnace environment and other forms of heating the furnace chamber by thermal radiation.
21q~675 ~rief nescrlption of the nr~w;~gs:
- Figure 1 represents the front elevation of a static furnace for the thermal decomposition of solids at high temperatures by thermal radiation of the present invention.
Figure 2 represents a back elevation of the furnace of the invention.
Figure 3 represents the plant of the furnace of the invention.
Figure 4 represents a section according to the plane A - A in figure 3.
Figure 5 represents a section according to the plane B - B in Figure 4.
C~
15 Disclosllre of the Inv~nt'on C
This furnace is intended for the decomposition of solids at a temperature range from 500~C to 1200~C, for, for C~
instance, limestone calcination (CaCO3), to produce a lime (CaO) of high reactivity and pure carbonic gas (CO2), at 100%, 20 or the thermal decomposition of iron and copper pyrites, such as the pyritic rejects of coal, and the pyritic concentrates of iron and copper, to produce sulfur 100~~ pure and a residue of iron sulfide of industrial application.
The thermal radiation furnace, according to the present 25 invention comprises the following main parts:
a solids feeding systemi a solids pre-heating system which is also used in the cooling of the formed gases/vapors;
a reactor for the thermal decomposition by thermal 30 radiation;
a cooling system for the solid products of the reaction and for the solids thermal energy recovery;
o 3 3 2! 94675 a system for the discharge of the solid productsi a system for the heating of the furnace to the temperatures of - thermal radiation;
a system to collect the gas/vapors formed in the reaction; and a system to recover the energy of the flue gases whenever this is the source of energy for the thermal radiation.
Sol;~.s Fee~i ng Syst~m The solids are fed through the top of the furnace and ~a are moved in their path by gravity action until their ~e...~v~l from the furnace. A feeding hopper 1, silo or other means to store the solids, in the highest part of the assembly, o discharges the solids through a rotating valve 2, for example, O
or other feeding mechanism to the furnace, which defines O
tightness, preventing the gases/vapors formed in the environment to escape. C~
Soli~ pre-he~t; ng ~n~ g~ses/v~pors cool~ ng syst~m The solids are fed to the furnace at ambient temperature and they require to be heated up to the process temperature of the thermal decomposition, in the range 500~C to 1200~C. On the other hand, the gases/vapors formed in the thermal 2S decomposition which occurs in the reactor by thermal radiation being in the range of temperatures between 500~C and 1200~C, must be cooled down to temperatures suitable to their recovery and utilization in the following steps.
Therefore, the solids pre-heating takes place simultaneously to the gases/vapors cooling in the upper regions of the furnace, where the solids descend by gravity and the gases/vapors rise in counter-flow and in direct 2194675 PC~ R ~ 500003~
contact with the solids, thus producing the desired effects.
Once heated to the desired temperature of operation, the - solids enter the thermal decomposition reaction zone, which i9 strictly maintained at this defined temperature, rigorously controlled by the heating sources of those thermal radiation surfaces. The downflow in the reactor is cauged by the gravity action. The solids remain in this reaction zone the necessary time for their complete conversion and the production of the desired products, that is, the regidence time which i8 ~0 controlled by the solids movement by gravity through a mechanism of solids motion at the bottom of the furnace. To keep the quality or the purity of the gas/vapor formed, a ~
slight overpressure is maintained in the furnace to prevent ~n the contamination of the furnace atmosphere by external O
gases/vapors. Three reaction zones are shown in the figures. O
The heat to heat up the ceramic plates 4 is provided by O
burners 3 located in completely isolated chambers 5 from the reactions/reaction zones of the furnace to avoid the C~
contamination of the reaction products with the combustion products of the fuel and of the excess air. The chamber walls, where the burners are installed, are vertical and the refractory plates will be heated up to transfer the heat received via combustion to the solids (limestone or pyrites, pending upon the application) by thermal radiation.
The figures present four chambers and twelve burners each chamber, as an example. The number of burners for maximum energy efficiency will be defined as function of the flame intensity, shape and temperature.
Soli~ Pro~llcts of th~ re~ctio~ cooling systPm ~n~ the sol i~R
therm~l ~nergy recovery.
After completion of the thermal decomposition reaction, - 2194675 Fcil~R ~ ~3000~3~JD
s the solids in the temperature range 500~C - 1200~C will be cooled to temperatures suitable for their handling, discharge ~ and/or further utilization in other process steps downstream the furnace. The heat recovery from the solid products with their consequent cooling, can be made, for example, also by thermal radiation to a system of water cooled wall, to produce hot water and/or steam. Such water wall is similar to those existing in boilers in which the tubes 6 in a vertical position, united by fins or composing the waterwall, are filled up with water, from a lower water header 8b and receiving the heat of the solid products within the furnace, by thermal radiation quantity, the water is heated up and/or steam is produced which is guided then to the upper hot water or steam header 8a. In this system, the solids follow their ~
movement downwards by the action of gravity, allowed by a 0 mechanism, for example, rotary valves 7 actuated by low energy 0 consumption motors at the lowest part of the furnace or by an endless screw, which at the same time, makes the sealing and C~
tightness of the furnace against the intake of air and/or other gases to the interior of the furnace, which would contaminate the desired gases/vapors and/or solid products.
Hence, the same heat transfer mechanism is used, that is, the thermal radiation, to supply the heat of reaction of thermal decomposition, in the reactor, and for the thermal energy recovery and cooling of the reaction solid products.
Another way to recover the thermal energy contained in the solids and their simultaneous cooling, can be to send the solids to an air tight compartment, a silo for example, with double sealing and send air into it, cooling the solids and heating up the air which would serve as combustion air to the fuel burners.
21 94675 ~l18R 9 ~~ ~~ ~3~
nisch~r~e of Soli~ Pro~l~cts ~yRtem.
Once the solids are cooled, these reaction products are discharged from the furnace, by gra~ity, through the rotary valve 7, or endless screw, to the desired site.
-~ting of the fllrn~ce to th~ Th~rm~l RA~iAt;nn T~m~er~tllr~cSyst~m To reach the temperatures which are needed to the conduction of the process by thermal radiation, the external 10 source of heat to the furnace surfaces can be electric energy ~, or any other, for example, the burning of fossil fuels or C3 renewable energy, for example, in burners localized in compartments, adequately designed, to optimize the heating '~
process to the walls/surfaces of the furnace. Those burners and the burning compartments must be in a sufficient num.ber O
for the desired production rate, and their specification is a O
function of the temperature to be reached for the reaction ~
process to take place. The utilization of the temperature and C~
the flame radiant surface of the burners must be optimized, for the desired heating of the surfaces/walls of the furnace.
G~ Collect;ng/V~por Collecti ng Syst~m The gas/vapor of interest, formed in the reaction of thermal decomposition, should be recovered under conditions of their further utilization. An induction blowing system, downstream the furnace, defines the needed conditions to remove that gas/vapor. Care should be taken that the gas/vapor be at a temperature above its condensation at the exit to the furnace, or a partial condensation of one of its components, or above the dew point if it is a mixture of gases/vapors.
The gas/vapor formed, after its cooling and pre-heating of the solids before the reaction, enters a gas/vapor collector/header, at the uppermost part of the furnace, from where it is removed from the furnace. The collecting system for the gas/vapors must maintain a slight overpressure in the furnace atmosphere, to avoid its cont~m;n~tion with 5 gases/vapors from outside.
Fll~e ~ es ~nergy Recovery .~ystPm One of the possible external sources of heat, for heating of the surfaces/walls of the furnace to the 10 temperature of radiation for the process, is the combustion of -~
fossil or renewable fuels, liquid, with specially selected burners for the desired application, so that the fuel energy aU
use will be optimized, by means of the high temperature of the flame and of its surface, and of the temperature of the flue 15 gases. O
The burners are placed in the front part of the furnace ~
in compartments specially designed for this application, in an o adequate number to reach the temperature of the surfaces/walls G~
of the furnace, suitable to the process. The flue gases are C~
20 removed for example, from the rear part of those compartments and, might be used, in conventional equipments already available in the marketplace, for the pre-heating of the necessary air to the combustion which was itself the source of these flue gases.
The electric energy as source of external heat could only find practical application in those economic situations, in which, for example, the electric energy is cheap or can be generated at the site at low costs, or even, close to the furnace.
The figures present the typical configuration of the thermal radiation furnace, in which the several parts which make it, or its systems can be easily identified. The 8 PCTI~R 9 50 ~~ 03 ~,6 dimensions are typical and will depend upon the process and its characteristics, such as: size of the solid particles, - process temperature, external source of heat, nature of the formed products, level of the energy recovery desired, and of the nature and characteristics of the solid particles.
The flue gases produced in the combustion chambers are collected in a ~h~nnel 9 in the furnace, and, after pre-heating of the combustion air, the gases are vented to the atmosphere.
-o o o C~
C~
Claims (6)
1. Static furnace for the thermal decomposition of solids at elevated temperatures by thermal radiation, characterized by the fact that it comprises the following main parts: a system to feed the solids into the furnace; a system for preheating the solids and to cool the gases/vapors formed;
a reactor for the thermal radiation thermal decomposition; a system to cool the solid products and to recover energy from the solid products of the reaction; a system to discharge the solid products; a furnace heating system to heat the furnace to the temperatures of thermal radiation; a gas/vapor collecting system for the gas/vapor formed in the reaction; a flue gas energy recovery system when combustion is the source of energy for the thermal radiation.
a reactor for the thermal radiation thermal decomposition; a system to cool the solid products and to recover energy from the solid products of the reaction; a system to discharge the solid products; a furnace heating system to heat the furnace to the temperatures of thermal radiation; a gas/vapor collecting system for the gas/vapor formed in the reaction; a flue gas energy recovery system when combustion is the source of energy for the thermal radiation.
2. Furnace according to the claim 1., characterized by the fact that the solids are fed on the upper part of the furnace and their movement down to their removal from the furnaces, is made by action of gravity, by means of the solids storage (1), in the uppermost part of the equipment, which discharges the solids through a mechanism of feeding the furnace (2).
3. Furnace according to the claim (1)., characterized by the fact that the heat to heat up the ceramic plates (4) is supplied by burners (3) assembled in chambers (5), which are completely tight and isolated from the reactions/reaction zones of the furnace.
4. Furnace according to the claim 1., characterized by the fact that the cooling is made by a waterwall system, in the production of hot water and/or the production of steam, in which tuber (6) in the vertical position, formed with fins or compounding a waterwall, are filled up with water, coming from a lower water header (8b) and receiving the heat from the solid products inside the furnace, by thermal radiation, heat up the water and/or generate steam which is then diverted to the upper hot water or steam header (8a).
5. Furnace according to the claim 1; characterized by the fact that the solids, continue their motion down by action of gravity, allowed by a discharge mechanism (7) of the solids.
6. Furnace according to the claim 1., characterized by the fact that the flue gases, formed in the combustion chambers, are collected in a channel (9) in the furnace and, after pre-heating the combustion air, are vented to the atmosphere.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002194675A CA2194675A1 (en) | 1995-06-28 | 1995-06-28 | Static furnace for the thermal decomposition of solids at high temperatures by thermal radiation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002194675A CA2194675A1 (en) | 1995-06-28 | 1995-06-28 | Static furnace for the thermal decomposition of solids at high temperatures by thermal radiation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2194675A1 true CA2194675A1 (en) | 1996-12-29 |
Family
ID=4159608
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002194675A Abandoned CA2194675A1 (en) | 1995-06-28 | 1995-06-28 | Static furnace for the thermal decomposition of solids at high temperatures by thermal radiation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2194675A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2818281A1 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2002-06-21 | Biomasse En | Gasifier for biomass comprising organic effluents and wastes, burns pyrolysis gas for indirect heating of separate chamber containing wastes |
| CN112648841A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-13 | 华林特钢集团有限公司 | Iron and steel smelting furnace convenient to add auxiliary material |
-
1995
- 1995-06-28 CA CA002194675A patent/CA2194675A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2818281A1 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2002-06-21 | Biomasse En | Gasifier for biomass comprising organic effluents and wastes, burns pyrolysis gas for indirect heating of separate chamber containing wastes |
| CN112648841A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-13 | 华林特钢集团有限公司 | Iron and steel smelting furnace convenient to add auxiliary material |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
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Effective date: 20040628 |