CA2192221A1 - Method of winding dry tissue sheets - Google Patents
Method of winding dry tissue sheetsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2192221A1 CA2192221A1 CA 2192221 CA2192221A CA2192221A1 CA 2192221 A1 CA2192221 A1 CA 2192221A1 CA 2192221 CA2192221 CA 2192221 CA 2192221 A CA2192221 A CA 2192221A CA 2192221 A1 CA2192221 A1 CA 2192221A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- vacuum
- reel drum
- sheet
- parent roll
- vacuum reel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Landscapes
- Winding Of Webs (AREA)
Abstract
Winding of a dried tissue sheet onto a parent roll is improved by the use of a vacuum reel drum which secures the sheet to the surface of the vacuum reel drum, thereby eliminating non-uniform, winding associated with sheet flutter and boundary air. This invention has preferred applications in the manufacture of tissue products, such as facial tissue, bath tissue and paper towels.
Description
-METHOD OF WINDING DRY TISSUE SHEETS
Back~round of the Invention In the manufacture of tissue products such as facial tissue bath tissue and paper towels the tissue sheet is continuously formed by depo~ ng an aqueous suspension of paper",aking fibers onto a forming fabric drying the resulting sheet optionally creping the dried sheet from the surface of a Yankee dryer and winding the dried sheet onto a parent" roll. The parent roll serves as a source of sheet ",ate,ial for s~hsequent converting operdlions which may involve such operdlions as slitting folding calendering rewinding and packaging.
In winding the sheet onto a parent roll the sheet is initially w:apped around a reel spool.
The reel spool may be driven (rotated) at least in part by contact with a rotating reel drum which is pressed up against the reel spool and the resulting parent roll as the parent roll grows in size. In ope(ation the dried tissue sheet passes around a portion of the reel drum and transfers to the parent roll at the contact point (nip) between the reel drum and the parent roll.
Recause the tissue sheet is foresho, lened by creping the speed of the sheet on the surface of the Yankee dryer is greater than the speed of the creped sheet leaving the Yankee. The average of the Yankee dryer speed and reel drum speed is referl ed to as the average sheet velocity. The ratio of these two speeds is referred to as the crepe ratio which is greater than 1.0 for creped sheets.
The ability to efficiently wind light w ~;glll overdried (less than 4.5% moisture) tissue sheets dete,io,ates significantly as average sheet velocities exceed 3600 feet per minute. This is due to the fact that in the process of overdrying and creping the tissue sheet the slope of the force-deflection curve of the sheet is greatly reduced. This lower slope characteristic allows the sheet to elongate more for an equal force or relieve sheet tension at a lower force than traditional tissue sheets. The result is that an overdried sheet has lower tension than a comparable sheet dried at converilional moisture levels. Experience has indicated that small reductions in the crepe ratio (from 1.30 to 1.26) are ineffective in increasing web tension bec~llse the increased pull-out is immediately relieved in the sheet through elongation.
Reducing the crepe ratio further is directionally inconsistent with the desired quality attributes of the sheet.
The result of the lower sheet tension at average sheet velocities of about 3600 feet per minute is that the tissue sheet floats several inches above the reel drum. This brings an increased volume of air into the parent roll-reel drum nip. The increased air volume exceeds the capability of the grooved reel drum to ventilate the air. Consequently a pocket of air is established ahead of the parent roll-reel drum nip which relieves itself differentially out the edges of the sheet through the sheet and back against the flow of the sheet. The differential relieving of air causes sheet wanderi"g and a poor parent roll edge profile. Additionally the excessive clearance between the reel drum and the sheet allows the sheet edges to flip. The result of the sheet wande, i"g and edge flipping is a parent roll that is unfit to further process via the tissue machine re l ;. ,der or other unwind converting processes Summarv of the Invention A reel drum having partial vacuum under the portion of the reel drum circumference covered by the sheet can have significaril p,ucessi"g advantages. Specifically the boundary air layer traveling with the sheet is exhausted by the vacuum. This eliminates the bubble that builds at the softroll-reel drum nip and causes the sheet to be Uanchored~ to the reel drum.
Also the sheet edges can be firmly held in place to prevent them from flipping over. The end result is improved roll building and reduced production losses due to rolls rejected for weaving and edge flipping. Improved roll building allows more efficient machine oper~lion at higher average sheet v~ IQCiti~S.
Hence in one aspect the invention resides in a method of winding a dry tissue sheet onto a parent roll CGIllpli;.Ll~a. (a) delivering the sheet to a rotating vacuum reel drum posilioned against the parent roll to form a nip ~h~sen the vacuum reel drum and the parent roll said vacuum reel drum cGmprisi"g a rotating pe, torated outer shell and a stationary internal vacuum region adjacent the inner surface of the rotating outer shell such that vacuum suction is pulled through the pe, torations in the outer shell as the pe, furdlions pass over the inteMal vacuum region; (b) carrying the sheet secured by vacuum suction over an arcuate path defined by the surface of the rotating vacuum reel drum said arcuate path beginning at the point where the -sheet contacts the surface of the vacuum reel drum and ending at the nip between the vacuum reei drum and the parent roll; and (c) transferring the sheet to the rotating parent roll.
In order to restrict air flow into the vacuum reel drum to the portion of the vacuum reel drum circu",ference approxi",ately covered by the sheet the vacuum reel drum 5 can have internal slalionary seals. The flow zone can be adjustable to optimize the l-ansition process of the sheet onto and off of the vacuum reel drum. Alternatively the entire vacuum reel drum can be exrosed to vacuum if the total flow rate and ~hs~ ~te pressure required are low enough to make the econo",i~s of exhausting a higher volume of air pr~:ft:r,t:d to the costs of fabricdling or modifying the vacuum reel drum and reel section to accommodate s(alionary 10 internal seals.
The vacuum reel drum can be equipped with an intemal stationary pressurized slot or an air shower placed just after the parent roll nip point. The pressurized slot positively separates the sheet from the vacuum reel drum. This would be particularly useful during threading and turn-up operations. The slot could operate continuously or intermittently. The 15 position of the slot and the slot width can be either fixed or adjustable.
The vacuum reel drum can be manufactured by any number of ways including a solidcast or fab,icaled shell machined to have small holes (between 1/8" and 3/4 dia",eter) in a regular or irregular pattern to allow air to flow through the shell. The shell can be further machined with grooves of one or several pdtlellls all on the same shell to improve the 20 distribution of vacuum to the sheet. Alternatively the vacuum reel drum can be fabricaled to have a large open area (by methods well known in the paper industry) and can be covered with a fabric sleeve to improve the support of the sheet on the vacuum reel drum and prevent marking of the sheet.
The vacuum reel drum can be covered with a patterned fabric sleeve to not only 25 improve sheet support and reduce sheet marking but also to increase the tractive force of the vacuum reel drum on the parent roll. This i"cr~ased tractive force serves to reduce or eliminate velocity diflrelencas between the vacuum reel drum and the parent roll.
The entire width of the vacuum reel drum need not be provided with vacuum.
Depending upon the circu",atdnceâ it may be sufficient to provide vacuum to only the edges of 30 the vacuum reel drum to provide adeq~ ~ats control of the sheet edges. With the edges under control other methods (such as air foils) may be sufficient to control the remainder of the sheet.
The vacuum reel drum can also be pressurized to create a uniform film of air between the vacuum reel drum and the sheet. This uniform layer of air would reduce shifting of the -sheet by reducing the variability of the relieving of the air between sheet and the vacuum reel drum liscussed above.
In an altemative embodiment the vacuum reel drum can be s~ pp ed with vacuum through the shell instead of through the journal or through the head as is typical of vacuum rolls.
5 In such a case the vacuum reel drum shell can be drilled with 1/2" .lia",eter to 1 diameter holes or otherwise constructed so that it has a large open area. A vacuum plenum can be installed a-Jjacenl to the reel drum appruxi",alely oppo~;ts to the arcuate area covered by the sheet. Sealing strips can be placed to rub the vacuum reel drum and seal the vacuum plenum to the vacuum reel drum. In ope,alion vacuum would draw air into the vacuum reel drum from 10 the area wrapped by the sheet and out through the vacuum reel drum into the plenum. The benefit of this embodiment is that it is a much simpler and lower cost means of providing vacuum to the vacuum reel drum than traditional nl~tllods. It is also the easiest way to retrofit an existing reel with the new vacuum reel drum design.
15Brief Desc(iulion of the Drawina Figure 1 is a s~;he",alic depiction of one embodiment of this invention illuall ating the utilization of an internal vacuum source within the vacuum reel drum.
Figure 2 is a scheri,alic ilhlal,dtion of another embodiment of a method of this invention 20illusll aling the use of an external vacuum source.
Figure 3 is a s~;l ,e" ,alic illusl, alion similar to that of Figure 1 further illustrating the use of a fabric wrap on the surface of the vacuum reel drum.
Figure 4 is a sc helllalic illustration similar to that of Figure 2 further illu~lldlil)g the use of a fabric wrap on the surface of the vacuum reel drum.
25Figure 5 is a scheri,alic plan view illustrating the drilled holes in the surface of the vacuum reel drum shell.
219~
Detailed DescriDtion of the Drawinq Directing dll~nlion to Figure 1, shown is the incoming dried web 1, the vacuum reel drum 2 and the parent roll 3. The vacuum reel drum comprises a shell 4 containing pe, fu, dlions 5 or holes 5. Wlthin the vacuum reel drum is a vacuum box 6 which defines a vacuum region 7.
Shown is a vacuum seal 8 which maintains the vacuum in the vacuum region as the shell rotates about the vacuum box. Also shown is an optional pressurized area 8 which seNes to assist release of the sheet from the vacuum reel drum surface to the parent roll. As illustrated, the incoming sheet passes over an arcuate path from the point of contact 9 to the nip 10. This 10 arcuate path is about 120 degrees, although greater or lesser arcuate paths can be utilized.
Figure 2 is a schematic figure similar to that of Figure 1, but illuslldli"g a different means for providing vacuum to the arcuate area of the vacuum reel drum contacted by the sheet.
Sperifically, a vacuum charnber 15 is provided opp~s ~o the area where the sheet contd~ the surface of the vacuum reel drum. The vacuum box pulls vacuum through the pe,fordlions in the 15 shell on one side, causing the inside of the vacuum reel drum to be under a vacuum.
Figures 3 and 4 are similar to Figures 1 and 2, respecli~ely, but further illustrating the use of a fabric wrap around the surface of the vacuum reel drum. The fabric is suffic,enlly porous to permit the vacuum to penet, dte to the sheet, yet prevents marking of the sheet as might otherwise be caused by the pe, rorations or holes in the shell. Any woven fabric or 20 perforated film fabric that seNes this purpose is suitable. A simple woven screen, for example, could suffice.
Figure 5 is simply a plan view of a portion of the surface of the vacuum reel drum having holes through which the vacuum acts upon the sheet, illustrating a reasonable relalionship between the hole size and the spacing of the holes. The hole ~ia",eter can be, for example, 25 from about 0.1 to about 1 inch in Jia",ater. The open area of the shell due to the holes or pel f~ rdtions can be any suitable amount depending upon the structure of the roll and the method by which it is fab,icaled, but an open area of from about 35 to about 65 percent or greater is prefer-ed.
It will be appreciated that the for~g~ ,g des~,,i,ulion and drawings, given for purposes of 30 illusl, alion, are not to be construed as limiting the scope of this invention, which is defined by the f~l';/:iag claims and all equivalents thereto.
Back~round of the Invention In the manufacture of tissue products such as facial tissue bath tissue and paper towels the tissue sheet is continuously formed by depo~ ng an aqueous suspension of paper",aking fibers onto a forming fabric drying the resulting sheet optionally creping the dried sheet from the surface of a Yankee dryer and winding the dried sheet onto a parent" roll. The parent roll serves as a source of sheet ",ate,ial for s~hsequent converting operdlions which may involve such operdlions as slitting folding calendering rewinding and packaging.
In winding the sheet onto a parent roll the sheet is initially w:apped around a reel spool.
The reel spool may be driven (rotated) at least in part by contact with a rotating reel drum which is pressed up against the reel spool and the resulting parent roll as the parent roll grows in size. In ope(ation the dried tissue sheet passes around a portion of the reel drum and transfers to the parent roll at the contact point (nip) between the reel drum and the parent roll.
Recause the tissue sheet is foresho, lened by creping the speed of the sheet on the surface of the Yankee dryer is greater than the speed of the creped sheet leaving the Yankee. The average of the Yankee dryer speed and reel drum speed is referl ed to as the average sheet velocity. The ratio of these two speeds is referred to as the crepe ratio which is greater than 1.0 for creped sheets.
The ability to efficiently wind light w ~;glll overdried (less than 4.5% moisture) tissue sheets dete,io,ates significantly as average sheet velocities exceed 3600 feet per minute. This is due to the fact that in the process of overdrying and creping the tissue sheet the slope of the force-deflection curve of the sheet is greatly reduced. This lower slope characteristic allows the sheet to elongate more for an equal force or relieve sheet tension at a lower force than traditional tissue sheets. The result is that an overdried sheet has lower tension than a comparable sheet dried at converilional moisture levels. Experience has indicated that small reductions in the crepe ratio (from 1.30 to 1.26) are ineffective in increasing web tension bec~llse the increased pull-out is immediately relieved in the sheet through elongation.
Reducing the crepe ratio further is directionally inconsistent with the desired quality attributes of the sheet.
The result of the lower sheet tension at average sheet velocities of about 3600 feet per minute is that the tissue sheet floats several inches above the reel drum. This brings an increased volume of air into the parent roll-reel drum nip. The increased air volume exceeds the capability of the grooved reel drum to ventilate the air. Consequently a pocket of air is established ahead of the parent roll-reel drum nip which relieves itself differentially out the edges of the sheet through the sheet and back against the flow of the sheet. The differential relieving of air causes sheet wanderi"g and a poor parent roll edge profile. Additionally the excessive clearance between the reel drum and the sheet allows the sheet edges to flip. The result of the sheet wande, i"g and edge flipping is a parent roll that is unfit to further process via the tissue machine re l ;. ,der or other unwind converting processes Summarv of the Invention A reel drum having partial vacuum under the portion of the reel drum circumference covered by the sheet can have significaril p,ucessi"g advantages. Specifically the boundary air layer traveling with the sheet is exhausted by the vacuum. This eliminates the bubble that builds at the softroll-reel drum nip and causes the sheet to be Uanchored~ to the reel drum.
Also the sheet edges can be firmly held in place to prevent them from flipping over. The end result is improved roll building and reduced production losses due to rolls rejected for weaving and edge flipping. Improved roll building allows more efficient machine oper~lion at higher average sheet v~ IQCiti~S.
Hence in one aspect the invention resides in a method of winding a dry tissue sheet onto a parent roll CGIllpli;.Ll~a. (a) delivering the sheet to a rotating vacuum reel drum posilioned against the parent roll to form a nip ~h~sen the vacuum reel drum and the parent roll said vacuum reel drum cGmprisi"g a rotating pe, torated outer shell and a stationary internal vacuum region adjacent the inner surface of the rotating outer shell such that vacuum suction is pulled through the pe, torations in the outer shell as the pe, furdlions pass over the inteMal vacuum region; (b) carrying the sheet secured by vacuum suction over an arcuate path defined by the surface of the rotating vacuum reel drum said arcuate path beginning at the point where the -sheet contacts the surface of the vacuum reel drum and ending at the nip between the vacuum reei drum and the parent roll; and (c) transferring the sheet to the rotating parent roll.
In order to restrict air flow into the vacuum reel drum to the portion of the vacuum reel drum circu",ference approxi",ately covered by the sheet the vacuum reel drum 5 can have internal slalionary seals. The flow zone can be adjustable to optimize the l-ansition process of the sheet onto and off of the vacuum reel drum. Alternatively the entire vacuum reel drum can be exrosed to vacuum if the total flow rate and ~hs~ ~te pressure required are low enough to make the econo",i~s of exhausting a higher volume of air pr~:ft:r,t:d to the costs of fabricdling or modifying the vacuum reel drum and reel section to accommodate s(alionary 10 internal seals.
The vacuum reel drum can be equipped with an intemal stationary pressurized slot or an air shower placed just after the parent roll nip point. The pressurized slot positively separates the sheet from the vacuum reel drum. This would be particularly useful during threading and turn-up operations. The slot could operate continuously or intermittently. The 15 position of the slot and the slot width can be either fixed or adjustable.
The vacuum reel drum can be manufactured by any number of ways including a solidcast or fab,icaled shell machined to have small holes (between 1/8" and 3/4 dia",eter) in a regular or irregular pattern to allow air to flow through the shell. The shell can be further machined with grooves of one or several pdtlellls all on the same shell to improve the 20 distribution of vacuum to the sheet. Alternatively the vacuum reel drum can be fabricaled to have a large open area (by methods well known in the paper industry) and can be covered with a fabric sleeve to improve the support of the sheet on the vacuum reel drum and prevent marking of the sheet.
The vacuum reel drum can be covered with a patterned fabric sleeve to not only 25 improve sheet support and reduce sheet marking but also to increase the tractive force of the vacuum reel drum on the parent roll. This i"cr~ased tractive force serves to reduce or eliminate velocity diflrelencas between the vacuum reel drum and the parent roll.
The entire width of the vacuum reel drum need not be provided with vacuum.
Depending upon the circu",atdnceâ it may be sufficient to provide vacuum to only the edges of 30 the vacuum reel drum to provide adeq~ ~ats control of the sheet edges. With the edges under control other methods (such as air foils) may be sufficient to control the remainder of the sheet.
The vacuum reel drum can also be pressurized to create a uniform film of air between the vacuum reel drum and the sheet. This uniform layer of air would reduce shifting of the -sheet by reducing the variability of the relieving of the air between sheet and the vacuum reel drum liscussed above.
In an altemative embodiment the vacuum reel drum can be s~ pp ed with vacuum through the shell instead of through the journal or through the head as is typical of vacuum rolls.
5 In such a case the vacuum reel drum shell can be drilled with 1/2" .lia",eter to 1 diameter holes or otherwise constructed so that it has a large open area. A vacuum plenum can be installed a-Jjacenl to the reel drum appruxi",alely oppo~;ts to the arcuate area covered by the sheet. Sealing strips can be placed to rub the vacuum reel drum and seal the vacuum plenum to the vacuum reel drum. In ope,alion vacuum would draw air into the vacuum reel drum from 10 the area wrapped by the sheet and out through the vacuum reel drum into the plenum. The benefit of this embodiment is that it is a much simpler and lower cost means of providing vacuum to the vacuum reel drum than traditional nl~tllods. It is also the easiest way to retrofit an existing reel with the new vacuum reel drum design.
15Brief Desc(iulion of the Drawina Figure 1 is a s~;he",alic depiction of one embodiment of this invention illuall ating the utilization of an internal vacuum source within the vacuum reel drum.
Figure 2 is a scheri,alic ilhlal,dtion of another embodiment of a method of this invention 20illusll aling the use of an external vacuum source.
Figure 3 is a s~;l ,e" ,alic illusl, alion similar to that of Figure 1 further illustrating the use of a fabric wrap on the surface of the vacuum reel drum.
Figure 4 is a sc helllalic illustration similar to that of Figure 2 further illu~lldlil)g the use of a fabric wrap on the surface of the vacuum reel drum.
25Figure 5 is a scheri,alic plan view illustrating the drilled holes in the surface of the vacuum reel drum shell.
219~
Detailed DescriDtion of the Drawinq Directing dll~nlion to Figure 1, shown is the incoming dried web 1, the vacuum reel drum 2 and the parent roll 3. The vacuum reel drum comprises a shell 4 containing pe, fu, dlions 5 or holes 5. Wlthin the vacuum reel drum is a vacuum box 6 which defines a vacuum region 7.
Shown is a vacuum seal 8 which maintains the vacuum in the vacuum region as the shell rotates about the vacuum box. Also shown is an optional pressurized area 8 which seNes to assist release of the sheet from the vacuum reel drum surface to the parent roll. As illustrated, the incoming sheet passes over an arcuate path from the point of contact 9 to the nip 10. This 10 arcuate path is about 120 degrees, although greater or lesser arcuate paths can be utilized.
Figure 2 is a schematic figure similar to that of Figure 1, but illuslldli"g a different means for providing vacuum to the arcuate area of the vacuum reel drum contacted by the sheet.
Sperifically, a vacuum charnber 15 is provided opp~s ~o the area where the sheet contd~ the surface of the vacuum reel drum. The vacuum box pulls vacuum through the pe,fordlions in the 15 shell on one side, causing the inside of the vacuum reel drum to be under a vacuum.
Figures 3 and 4 are similar to Figures 1 and 2, respecli~ely, but further illustrating the use of a fabric wrap around the surface of the vacuum reel drum. The fabric is suffic,enlly porous to permit the vacuum to penet, dte to the sheet, yet prevents marking of the sheet as might otherwise be caused by the pe, rorations or holes in the shell. Any woven fabric or 20 perforated film fabric that seNes this purpose is suitable. A simple woven screen, for example, could suffice.
Figure 5 is simply a plan view of a portion of the surface of the vacuum reel drum having holes through which the vacuum acts upon the sheet, illustrating a reasonable relalionship between the hole size and the spacing of the holes. The hole ~ia",eter can be, for example, 25 from about 0.1 to about 1 inch in Jia",ater. The open area of the shell due to the holes or pel f~ rdtions can be any suitable amount depending upon the structure of the roll and the method by which it is fab,icaled, but an open area of from about 35 to about 65 percent or greater is prefer-ed.
It will be appreciated that the for~g~ ,g des~,,i,ulion and drawings, given for purposes of 30 illusl, alion, are not to be construed as limiting the scope of this invention, which is defined by the f~l';/:iag claims and all equivalents thereto.
Claims (9)
1. A method of winding a dry tissue sheet onto a parent roll comprising:
(a) delivering the sheet to a rotating vacuum reel drum positioned against the parent roll to form a nip between the vacuum reel drum and the parent roll said vacuum reel drum comprising a rotating perforated outer shell and a stationary internalvacuum region adjacent the inner surface of the rotating outer shell such that vacuum suction is pulled through the perforations in the outer shell as the perforations pass over the internal vacuum region;
(b) carrying the sheet secured by vacuum suction over an arcuate path defined bythe surface of the rotating vacuum reel drum said arcuate path beginning at the point where the sheet contacts the surface of the vacuum reel drum and ending at the nip between the vacuum reel drum and the parent roll; and (c) transferring the sheet to the rotating parent roll.
(a) delivering the sheet to a rotating vacuum reel drum positioned against the parent roll to form a nip between the vacuum reel drum and the parent roll said vacuum reel drum comprising a rotating perforated outer shell and a stationary internalvacuum region adjacent the inner surface of the rotating outer shell such that vacuum suction is pulled through the perforations in the outer shell as the perforations pass over the internal vacuum region;
(b) carrying the sheet secured by vacuum suction over an arcuate path defined bythe surface of the rotating vacuum reel drum said arcuate path beginning at the point where the sheet contacts the surface of the vacuum reel drum and ending at the nip between the vacuum reel drum and the parent roll; and (c) transferring the sheet to the rotating parent roll.
2. The method of Claim 1 wherein the internal vacuum region is provided by an internal vacuum box within the vacuum reel drum.
3. The method of Claim 1 wherein the internal vacuum region is provided by a stationary external vacuum chamber positioned against the vacuum reel drum opposite the arcuate area where the sheet is in contact with the vacuum reel drum surface.
4. The method of Claim 1 wherein the perforations in the vacuum reel drum shell are holes having a diameter of from about 0.1 to about 1 inch.
5. The method of Claim 1 wherein the arcuate path of the sheet over the surface of the vacuum reel drum is about 120°.
6. The method of Claim 1 wherein the open area due to the perforations in the shell of the vacuum reel drum is from about 35 to about 65 percent.
7. The method of Claim 1 wherein the vacuum reel drum is wrapped with a fabric sleeve.
8. The method of Claim 1 wherein the vacuum reel drum comprises an internal pressurized region adjacent the vacuum region and near the nip to assist detachment of the sheet from the surface of the vacuum reel drum to the parent roll.
9. The method of Claim 1 wherein the stationary internal vacuum region is confined to the portion of the vacuum reel drum in contact with the edge area of the sheet.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US866695P | 1995-12-15 | 1995-12-15 | |
| US60/008,666 | 1995-12-15 | ||
| US70358696A | 1996-08-27 | 1996-08-27 | |
| US08/703,586 | 1996-08-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2192221A1 true CA2192221A1 (en) | 1997-06-16 |
Family
ID=26678445
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2192221 Abandoned CA2192221A1 (en) | 1995-12-15 | 1996-12-05 | Method of winding dry tissue sheets |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2192221A1 (en) |
-
1996
- 1996-12-05 CA CA 2192221 patent/CA2192221A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |