CA2190258A1 - Antenna array calibration - Google Patents
Antenna array calibrationInfo
- Publication number
- CA2190258A1 CA2190258A1 CA 2190258 CA2190258A CA2190258A1 CA 2190258 A1 CA2190258 A1 CA 2190258A1 CA 2190258 CA2190258 CA 2190258 CA 2190258 A CA2190258 A CA 2190258A CA 2190258 A1 CA2190258 A1 CA 2190258A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- calibrating
- correction factors
- antenna array
- array according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Radio Transmission System (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
A method and apparatus for calibrating the transmission of an antenna array for use in a mobile radio communication system so as to increase the accuracy of the beam shape and direction of the antenna beam are disclosed. First, an input signal is inputted into each antenna section one antenna section at a time. The signal transmitted by each antenna section is then measured and correction factors can be formed for each antenna section. The antenna sections are then adjusted using the correction factors so as to ensure that each section is properly calibrated.
Description
WO9~il31103 2 1 9~2~8 PC~.SE95/00627 . ~
ANTENNA ARrAY CALIBRATION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an antenna array for use irl a base station irl a cellular c-.,, ..". rlll~ll system, ard more ~uli~ uly to an antenna array calibration system for improving the ~ of base 5 statiorls.
vul~d of ~e Tnvention The cellular industry has made ~ strides in cn".., operations in the United States as well as the rest of the world. The number of celIular users in major ~ t u~Li~ areas has far e~ceeded ~
10 and is uu~L~ulg system capaciq. If this t~end continues, the effects of the rapid growth will soon be achieved eYen irl the smallest mar!~ets. InnoYatiYe solutions are thus required to meet these increasing capacity needs as well as to maintain high qualiq ser~ice and avoid raising prices. r~,l~ UlC~ as the number of cellular users increases, the problems associated with co-15 channd ~t~.r~l~e become of increased; ~
Figure 1 illustrates ten cells Cl-C10 in ~ typical cellular mobile radio <-,.. .. ~1.. system. Normally, ~ cellular mooile radio system would be j " ,~ with more than ten cells. However, for the purposes of simpliciq, the present irlvention can be e~plained using the sunplified 20 l ~ illustrated in Figure 1. For each cdl, Cl-C10, there is a base station Bl-B10 with the same reference number as the c~ cell.
Figure 1 illustrates the base stations as situated in the vicinity of the ceD
center and having ~ id;~ iu~lal antennas.
Figure 1 also illustrates nine mobile stations Ml-M9 which are 25 movable within a cell and from orle cell to another. In a typical cellular radio system, there would normaDy be more than nine cellular mobile stations. In fact, there are typically many times the number of mobile stations as there are base stations. However, for the purposes of explaining the presenl in~ ention. the reduced number of mobile stations is sufficient.
WO9~ 103 2 1 9025 8 Y~
Also illustIated in Figurc 1 is a mobile switching center MSC. The mobile switching center MSC illustrated in Figure 1 is cormected to all ten base stations B1-B10 by cables. The mobile switching center MSC is also connected by cables to a fi~ed switch telephone rletwor~ or similar fi~ed 5 networ3~. All cables from the mobile switching center MSC to the base stations B1-B10 and cables to thc fL~ed networ~ are not illustrated.
In addition to the mobile switrhing center MSC illustrated, there may be additional mobile switcbing centers connected by cables to base stations other than those illustrated in Figurc 1. Instead of cables, other meaTls, for 10 example, fLl~ed radio links may also be used to connect base stations to mobile switching centers. The mobile switching center MSC, the base stations and the mobile stations are all computer controlled.
In traditional cellular mobile radio systems, as illustrated in Figure 1, e~ch base station has an . . . "l., ~ I ,., .,t or directional antenna for 15 blu~d~ g signals throughout the area covered by the base station. As a result, signals for particular mobile stations are broadcast throughout the entire coverage area regardless of the relatiYe positions of the mobile stationsusing the system. In the base station, the transmitter has one power amplifier per caTrier frequency. Amplified signals are combined and 20 connected to a common antenna which has ~ wide azimuth beam. Due to the wide beam width of the common antenna, for e~ample 120 or 360 degrees coverage in azimuth, the antenna gain is low and there is no spatial selectivity to use to reduce .h.~.f;~ ~ problems.
More recent techniques have foc`used on using linear power amplifiers 2~ to amplify a combined signal from several caTrier r, ,.~ f ~ which is then feed to a common anteMa. In these systems, the common antenna also has a wide azimuth beam. As a result, these systems also suffer from ~I t, ~. . r~
problems.
To overcome these problerns, antenna systems have been designed 30 which increase the gain of the transmitted signals while decreasing the tVO 9~J3.~103 P.~
2 ~ 9~2~8 ..lt~f~c.i~e problems associated with a typical base station. One such antcnr~a system is described in U.S. Patent App~ieation No. _, entitled ~Microstrip Antenna Array~, which is ~ t~ ~ herein by reference. The disclosed microstrip antcnna array uscs seYeral 7~eams with rlarrow beam 5 width to cover the a7lra served by the 7Oase station. As a result, th~ gain ofthe individual bc~ns can be highcr than the typical wide 7Deam u ed by an traditional antema. r.. ~ .. diversity can be used instead of spacial diYersity to reduce fading variations c7nd ult~..r~cU~,c problems.
However, in order to more accurately ~7apc and direct antenna beams, these 10 array antcnnas need to be aecurately caiibrated.
S7lmm 77~y of t7.~7e DiQ~`lnQ71~c It is an o7.7jeet of the present invention to improve the r~.ru~ cLll~e of a mobile station by ine~7sing the accL7racy of the beam shape ar d direction of the antenna beam. This is performed by measuring and eorrecting for 15 errors and enm~n~nt bchavior which occL7r in antcnna array ~
located 7c7etwecn the 7Deam forming device and the radiated fields. As a result, the antenna array c~ r- l~ do not ne7 d to b7 as acc71lrately matched since any ~ c~ can be eorrected by using the prcsent invention.
F. Il . . -- .. ~ the present invention ean also be used to test the antenna array 20 to verify that the ~ r~ of the array are wor;~ing properly before the antenna array is used by the ~ system.
According to one - 1~~ t of the present invention, a method and apparatus for calibrating the 7 7, ~ 11 of an antenna array for use in a mobile radio ~,..."... ~ _ti~ system are disclosed. Flrst, an input signal is 25 inputted irlto each antenna section one antenna section at a ti~ne. The signal 3 by cach antenna section is then me7Qured and correction factors ean be fo-med for each antenna scction. The a7 tenna sections a7e then adjusted using the correetion factor so as to ensure that each section is properly calib7ated.
WO9~i/3;103 2 1 902~8 ~ k~CC ~7 According to another ~ of the present invention, a method and apparatus for calibrating the reception of an antenna array for use in a mobile radio c~ system are disclosed. First, an input signal is generated and injected into each antenna secfion of tbe antenna array. The 5 signals received by each antenna section are measured and a correction signal can then be formed for each antenna section by comparing the injected signal with the measured signals. Each antenna section can then be adjusted using the correction factors so as to ensure fhat each antenna section is properly calibrated. The correlation factors can also be adjusted for known 10 . ~ of the individual antenna elements.
Br;ef Desc~riDtion of the Drawinps The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to preferred, ~ of the invention, gi~en only by way of example, and illustrated in the ~ ihlg drawings, in which:
Fgure 1 iUustrates a typical cdlular radio ~ systern;
Figure 2 illustrates a . S for obtaining calibration factors for the reception of an antenna array according to one ,1~1' - ~1 of the present invention;
Flgure 3 illusfrates a ~ -- for obtaining calibration factors for 20 the ~ of an antenna array according to one: b~ ' of the pres~nt invention;
Figure 4 illustrates beaTn forrning correction according to one of the present invention; and Figure S illusfrafes digital correcfion of beam forrning according to one ,.. I~T;.. ~ of the present invention.
De~ailed Descri~tion of the Disclosure The present invention is primarily intended for use in base stations in cellular rl"",,"; ~, syslems, although it will be undersfood by fhose WO 93/34103 PC~/SE9~J00627 ~ 21 90258 sl~lled in the art that the present invention carl a150 be used in o~her variouS
", ,_~,"" ~ nc According to the present invention, a calibration networ~ is used to calibrate the c~ associated with each antenna section of an anterma 5 array. Figure 2 iUustrates a c~ riL~ for calibrating the reception of an anterma array in a base station confi~ n The reception calibration is performed by injecting a known signal to each antenna section and measuring the output from each antenna section. As illustrated in Figure 2, a ll~uli,UUt~ 18 generates a signal which is applied to each antenna sectio~ 10 10 by a calibration nehvorlc 16 which is a passive ~i~trihllti~n network dividing the generated signal to a calibration port at each antenna section. Each signal is then passed through its respective low noise arnplifier 12 and the resulting signal is detected irl the beam forming apparatus 14. ~hc beam forming apparatus 14 can then generate correction factors by compaTing the 15 transmittez ~ignal to the received signal so as to individually calibrate each anter~na section of the antenrla array lO. No caEbration factors havc to be appEed if the received signals from each anterma section is identicaUy lelated to the ~no vn signal injected into that antenna scction. The occurrence of errors and ~ behavior wiU alter these relatdons which will be 20 detected by measuring devices in the ~ . r.,., ~ apparatus. Correction factors describing the ar~ount of corrections needed as ...~ in cach antenna are then calculated. The corr~ction factors can be described as amplitude and phase cv~ ,lio-~s or as corrections in I and Q.
A cv- r~ for calibrating the l,~ of the antenna array 25 in a base station is iUustrated in Figure 3. According to this ~ a beaTn forr~ung apparatus 34 generates a transmit signal which is applied to each antenna section of the antenna array 30, one antenna section at a time.
AfTer the l .~..~,.,i~- - ,., signal has passed through a respective power arnplifier 32, the calibration networl~ 36 sarnples the resulting signal from each antenna 30 section. The resulTing signal is then fed inTo a rcceiver 38. A c~,l~u~tiol~
~v095131103 P~ ../ 7 ~1 9~2~
means 40 relates the received signal from the receiver 38 with the original transmit signal for each antenna section. The oceu~ce of errors and nrn,-nt behavior will alter these relations which will be detected by the ~n...~ ,. means and correction factors describing the amount of 5 en~tir.n~ needed as the ~v ~ , in each antenna section are calculated. Tbe correction factors can be described as amplitude and phase or corrections in I and Q.
The antenna array uses the measured corre~tion factors to form na~w antenna beams with preferably low side Ic,be levels. There are 10 several metnods for using the correction factors to adjust the antenna array.As illustrated in Figure 4, the correction factors can be used to ad~ust the phase and/or amplitude of tbe signal between the beam forming apparatus 42 and the antenna array 44. In this example, the correction ~actors can be applied to an amp~ifier 46 to change the amplitude of the signal andlor to a 15 pbase shi~er 48 for changing tbe phase of the signal. r...: ., .. r, as illustrated in Figure 5, the eorrection factors ean be used by the beam forming apparatus if digital beam forming is beirlg used by adding the I and Q correction factors digitally before A/O conversion.
The present invention severely reduces tbe accuracies required of the 20 ~ coMected to each antenna section ~ecause the present inver~tion measures and eorrects for errors generated by these ~ In addition, the calibration networ~ / tests the devices associated with eac~
anteMa section so as to verify that the antenna array is working properly.
It will be o.~J~/l~id~ by those of ordinary sl~ll in the art that the 25 present invention can be embodied in other specifie forms without depar~ing from the spirit or eentral character thereof. The presently disclosed are therefore considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is indiuted by the appended claims rather tharl the foregoing d~C~ipti~n, and all changes which eome within the WO 9513~103 ~ 7 ~1 9~2~`8 mea~ng and range of eq~ ence ~ereof are m~ended to be embr ed ~eron.
ANTENNA ARrAY CALIBRATION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an antenna array for use irl a base station irl a cellular c-.,, ..". rlll~ll system, ard more ~uli~ uly to an antenna array calibration system for improving the ~ of base 5 statiorls.
vul~d of ~e Tnvention The cellular industry has made ~ strides in cn".., operations in the United States as well as the rest of the world. The number of celIular users in major ~ t u~Li~ areas has far e~ceeded ~
10 and is uu~L~ulg system capaciq. If this t~end continues, the effects of the rapid growth will soon be achieved eYen irl the smallest mar!~ets. InnoYatiYe solutions are thus required to meet these increasing capacity needs as well as to maintain high qualiq ser~ice and avoid raising prices. r~,l~ UlC~ as the number of cellular users increases, the problems associated with co-15 channd ~t~.r~l~e become of increased; ~
Figure 1 illustrates ten cells Cl-C10 in ~ typical cellular mobile radio <-,.. .. ~1.. system. Normally, ~ cellular mooile radio system would be j " ,~ with more than ten cells. However, for the purposes of simpliciq, the present irlvention can be e~plained using the sunplified 20 l ~ illustrated in Figure 1. For each cdl, Cl-C10, there is a base station Bl-B10 with the same reference number as the c~ cell.
Figure 1 illustrates the base stations as situated in the vicinity of the ceD
center and having ~ id;~ iu~lal antennas.
Figure 1 also illustrates nine mobile stations Ml-M9 which are 25 movable within a cell and from orle cell to another. In a typical cellular radio system, there would normaDy be more than nine cellular mobile stations. In fact, there are typically many times the number of mobile stations as there are base stations. However, for the purposes of explaining the presenl in~ ention. the reduced number of mobile stations is sufficient.
WO9~ 103 2 1 9025 8 Y~
Also illustIated in Figurc 1 is a mobile switching center MSC. The mobile switching center MSC illustrated in Figure 1 is cormected to all ten base stations B1-B10 by cables. The mobile switching center MSC is also connected by cables to a fi~ed switch telephone rletwor~ or similar fi~ed 5 networ3~. All cables from the mobile switching center MSC to the base stations B1-B10 and cables to thc fL~ed networ~ are not illustrated.
In addition to the mobile switrhing center MSC illustrated, there may be additional mobile switcbing centers connected by cables to base stations other than those illustrated in Figurc 1. Instead of cables, other meaTls, for 10 example, fLl~ed radio links may also be used to connect base stations to mobile switching centers. The mobile switching center MSC, the base stations and the mobile stations are all computer controlled.
In traditional cellular mobile radio systems, as illustrated in Figure 1, e~ch base station has an . . . "l., ~ I ,., .,t or directional antenna for 15 blu~d~ g signals throughout the area covered by the base station. As a result, signals for particular mobile stations are broadcast throughout the entire coverage area regardless of the relatiYe positions of the mobile stationsusing the system. In the base station, the transmitter has one power amplifier per caTrier frequency. Amplified signals are combined and 20 connected to a common antenna which has ~ wide azimuth beam. Due to the wide beam width of the common antenna, for e~ample 120 or 360 degrees coverage in azimuth, the antenna gain is low and there is no spatial selectivity to use to reduce .h.~.f;~ ~ problems.
More recent techniques have foc`used on using linear power amplifiers 2~ to amplify a combined signal from several caTrier r, ,.~ f ~ which is then feed to a common anteMa. In these systems, the common antenna also has a wide azimuth beam. As a result, these systems also suffer from ~I t, ~. . r~
problems.
To overcome these problerns, antenna systems have been designed 30 which increase the gain of the transmitted signals while decreasing the tVO 9~J3.~103 P.~
2 ~ 9~2~8 ..lt~f~c.i~e problems associated with a typical base station. One such antcnr~a system is described in U.S. Patent App~ieation No. _, entitled ~Microstrip Antenna Array~, which is ~ t~ ~ herein by reference. The disclosed microstrip antcnna array uscs seYeral 7~eams with rlarrow beam 5 width to cover the a7lra served by the 7Oase station. As a result, th~ gain ofthe individual bc~ns can be highcr than the typical wide 7Deam u ed by an traditional antema. r.. ~ .. diversity can be used instead of spacial diYersity to reduce fading variations c7nd ult~..r~cU~,c problems.
However, in order to more accurately ~7apc and direct antenna beams, these 10 array antcnnas need to be aecurately caiibrated.
S7lmm 77~y of t7.~7e DiQ~`lnQ71~c It is an o7.7jeet of the present invention to improve the r~.ru~ cLll~e of a mobile station by ine~7sing the accL7racy of the beam shape ar d direction of the antenna beam. This is performed by measuring and eorrecting for 15 errors and enm~n~nt bchavior which occL7r in antcnna array ~
located 7c7etwecn the 7Deam forming device and the radiated fields. As a result, the antenna array c~ r- l~ do not ne7 d to b7 as acc71lrately matched since any ~ c~ can be eorrected by using the prcsent invention.
F. Il . . -- .. ~ the present invention ean also be used to test the antenna array 20 to verify that the ~ r~ of the array are wor;~ing properly before the antenna array is used by the ~ system.
According to one - 1~~ t of the present invention, a method and apparatus for calibrating the 7 7, ~ 11 of an antenna array for use in a mobile radio ~,..."... ~ _ti~ system are disclosed. Flrst, an input signal is 25 inputted irlto each antenna section one antenna section at a ti~ne. The signal 3 by cach antenna section is then me7Qured and correction factors ean be fo-med for each antenna scction. The a7 tenna sections a7e then adjusted using the correetion factor so as to ensure that each section is properly calib7ated.
WO9~i/3;103 2 1 902~8 ~ k~CC ~7 According to another ~ of the present invention, a method and apparatus for calibrating the reception of an antenna array for use in a mobile radio c~ system are disclosed. First, an input signal is generated and injected into each antenna secfion of tbe antenna array. The 5 signals received by each antenna section are measured and a correction signal can then be formed for each antenna section by comparing the injected signal with the measured signals. Each antenna section can then be adjusted using the correction factors so as to ensure fhat each antenna section is properly calibrated. The correlation factors can also be adjusted for known 10 . ~ of the individual antenna elements.
Br;ef Desc~riDtion of the Drawinps The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to preferred, ~ of the invention, gi~en only by way of example, and illustrated in the ~ ihlg drawings, in which:
Fgure 1 iUustrates a typical cdlular radio ~ systern;
Figure 2 illustrates a . S for obtaining calibration factors for the reception of an antenna array according to one ,1~1' - ~1 of the present invention;
Flgure 3 illusfrates a ~ -- for obtaining calibration factors for 20 the ~ of an antenna array according to one: b~ ' of the pres~nt invention;
Figure 4 illustrates beaTn forrning correction according to one of the present invention; and Figure S illusfrafes digital correcfion of beam forrning according to one ,.. I~T;.. ~ of the present invention.
De~ailed Descri~tion of the Disclosure The present invention is primarily intended for use in base stations in cellular rl"",,"; ~, syslems, although it will be undersfood by fhose WO 93/34103 PC~/SE9~J00627 ~ 21 90258 sl~lled in the art that the present invention carl a150 be used in o~her variouS
", ,_~,"" ~ nc According to the present invention, a calibration networ~ is used to calibrate the c~ associated with each antenna section of an anterma 5 array. Figure 2 iUustrates a c~ riL~ for calibrating the reception of an anterma array in a base station confi~ n The reception calibration is performed by injecting a known signal to each antenna section and measuring the output from each antenna section. As illustrated in Figure 2, a ll~uli,UUt~ 18 generates a signal which is applied to each antenna sectio~ 10 10 by a calibration nehvorlc 16 which is a passive ~i~trihllti~n network dividing the generated signal to a calibration port at each antenna section. Each signal is then passed through its respective low noise arnplifier 12 and the resulting signal is detected irl the beam forming apparatus 14. ~hc beam forming apparatus 14 can then generate correction factors by compaTing the 15 transmittez ~ignal to the received signal so as to individually calibrate each anter~na section of the antenrla array lO. No caEbration factors havc to be appEed if the received signals from each anterma section is identicaUy lelated to the ~no vn signal injected into that antenna scction. The occurrence of errors and ~ behavior wiU alter these relatdons which will be 20 detected by measuring devices in the ~ . r.,., ~ apparatus. Correction factors describing the ar~ount of corrections needed as ...~ in cach antenna are then calculated. The corr~ction factors can be described as amplitude and phase cv~ ,lio-~s or as corrections in I and Q.
A cv- r~ for calibrating the l,~ of the antenna array 25 in a base station is iUustrated in Figure 3. According to this ~ a beaTn forr~ung apparatus 34 generates a transmit signal which is applied to each antenna section of the antenna array 30, one antenna section at a time.
AfTer the l .~..~,.,i~- - ,., signal has passed through a respective power arnplifier 32, the calibration networl~ 36 sarnples the resulting signal from each antenna 30 section. The resulTing signal is then fed inTo a rcceiver 38. A c~,l~u~tiol~
~v095131103 P~ ../ 7 ~1 9~2~
means 40 relates the received signal from the receiver 38 with the original transmit signal for each antenna section. The oceu~ce of errors and nrn,-nt behavior will alter these relations which will be detected by the ~n...~ ,. means and correction factors describing the amount of 5 en~tir.n~ needed as the ~v ~ , in each antenna section are calculated. Tbe correction factors can be described as amplitude and phase or corrections in I and Q.
The antenna array uses the measured corre~tion factors to form na~w antenna beams with preferably low side Ic,be levels. There are 10 several metnods for using the correction factors to adjust the antenna array.As illustrated in Figure 4, the correction factors can be used to ad~ust the phase and/or amplitude of tbe signal between the beam forming apparatus 42 and the antenna array 44. In this example, the correction ~actors can be applied to an amp~ifier 46 to change the amplitude of the signal andlor to a 15 pbase shi~er 48 for changing tbe phase of the signal. r...: ., .. r, as illustrated in Figure 5, the eorrection factors ean be used by the beam forming apparatus if digital beam forming is beirlg used by adding the I and Q correction factors digitally before A/O conversion.
The present invention severely reduces tbe accuracies required of the 20 ~ coMected to each antenna section ~ecause the present inver~tion measures and eorrects for errors generated by these ~ In addition, the calibration networ~ / tests the devices associated with eac~
anteMa section so as to verify that the antenna array is working properly.
It will be o.~J~/l~id~ by those of ordinary sl~ll in the art that the 25 present invention can be embodied in other specifie forms without depar~ing from the spirit or eentral character thereof. The presently disclosed are therefore considered in all respects to be illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is indiuted by the appended claims rather tharl the foregoing d~C~ipti~n, and all changes which eome within the WO 9513~103 ~ 7 ~1 9~2~`8 mea~ng and range of eq~ ence ~ereof are m~ended to be embr ed ~eron.
Claims (24)
1. A method for calibrating the transmission of an antenna array for use in a mobile radio communication system, said antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna sections, said method comprising the steps of:
inputting an input signal into each antenna section one antenna section at a time;
measuring a signal transmitted by each antenna section;
forming correction factors for each antenna section from said measured signals; and adjusting output of said antenna sections with said correction factors.
inputting an input signal into each antenna section one antenna section at a time;
measuring a signal transmitted by each antenna section;
forming correction factors for each antenna section from said measured signals; and adjusting output of said antenna sections with said correction factors.
2. A method for calibrating the transmission of an antenna array according to claim 1, wherein said correction factors adjust the phase of the output of the antenna sections.
3. A method for calibrating the transmission of an antenna array according to claim 1, wherein said correction factors adjust an amplitude of the output of the antenna sections.
4. A method for calibrating the transmission of an antenna array according to claim 1, wherein said correction factors adjust the phase and amplitude of the output of the antenna sections.
5. A method for calibrating the transmission of an antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the correction factors are applied to signals between a beamforming means and the antenna sections.
6. A method for calibrating the transmission of an antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the correction factors are applied digitally to a beamforming means.
7. A method for calibrating the reception of an antenna array for use in a mobile radio communication system, said antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna sections, said method comprising the steps of:
generating an input signal;
injecting said input signal into each antenna section;
measuring a signal outputed by each antenna section;
forming correction signals from each antenna section by comparing the injected signal and said measured signals; and adjusting said antenna sections with said correction factors.
generating an input signal;
injecting said input signal into each antenna section;
measuring a signal outputed by each antenna section;
forming correction signals from each antenna section by comparing the injected signal and said measured signals; and adjusting said antenna sections with said correction factors.
8. A method for calibrating the reception of an antenna array according to claim 1, wherein said correction factors adjust the phase of signals received on each antenna section.
9. A method for calibrating the reception of an antenna array according to claim 1, wherein said correction factors adjust an amplitude of signals received on each of said antenna sections.
10. A method for calibrating the reception of an antenna array according to claim 1, wherein said correction factors adjust the phase and amplitude of signals received on said antenna sections.
11. A method for calibrating the reception of an antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the correction factors are applied to signals between a beamforming means and the antenna sections.
12. A method for calibrating the reception of an antenna array according to claim 1, wherein correction factors are applied digitally to a beamforming means.
13. A system for calibrating the transmission of an antenna array for use in a mobile radio communication system, said antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna sections, said system comprising:
means for inputting an input signal into each antenna section one antenna section at a time;
means for measuring a signal transmitted by each antenna section;
means for forming correction factors for each antenna section from said measured signals; and means for adjusting output of said antenna sections with said correction factors.
means for inputting an input signal into each antenna section one antenna section at a time;
means for measuring a signal transmitted by each antenna section;
means for forming correction factors for each antenna section from said measured signals; and means for adjusting output of said antenna sections with said correction factors.
14. A system for calibrating the transmission of an antenna array according to claim 13, wherein said correction factors adjust the phase of the output of the antenna sections.
15. A system for calibrating the transmission of an antenna array according to claim 13, wherein said correction factors adjust an amplitude of the output of the antenna sections.
16. A system for calibrating the transmission of an antenna array according to claim 13, wherein said correction factors adjust the phase and amplitude of the output of the antenna sections.
17. A system for calibrating the transmission of an antenna array according to claim 13, wherein the correction factors are applied to signals between a beamforming means and the antenna sections.
18. A system for calibrating the transmission of an antenna array according to claim 13, wherein the correction factors are applied digitally to a beamforming means.
19. A system for calibrating the reception of an antenna array for use in a mobile radio communication system, said antenna comprising a plurality of antenna sections, said system comprising:
means for generating an input signal;
means for injecting said input signal into each antenna section;
means for measuring a signal outputed by each antenna section;
means for forming correction signals from each antenna section by comparing the injected signal and said measured signals; and means for adjusting said antenna sections with said correction factors.
means for generating an input signal;
means for injecting said input signal into each antenna section;
means for measuring a signal outputed by each antenna section;
means for forming correction signals from each antenna section by comparing the injected signal and said measured signals; and means for adjusting said antenna sections with said correction factors.
20. A system for calibrating the reception of an antenna array according to claim 19, wherein said correction factors adjust the phase of signals received on each antenna section.
21. A system for calibrating the reception of an antenna array according to claim 19, wherein said correction factors adjust an amplitude of signals received on each of said antenna sections.
22. A system for calibrating the reception of an antenna array according to claim 19, wherein said correction factors adjust the phase and amplitude of signals received on said antenna sections.
23. A system for calibrating the reception of an antenna array according to claim 19, wherein the correction factors are applied to signals between a beamforming means and the antenna sections.
24. A system for calibrating the reception of an antenna array according to claim 19, wherein correction factors are applied digitally to a beamforming means.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US25329594A | 1994-06-03 | 1994-06-03 | |
| US08/253,295 | 1994-06-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2190258A1 true CA2190258A1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
Family
ID=22959670
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2190258 Abandoned CA2190258A1 (en) | 1994-06-03 | 1995-06-01 | Antenna array calibration |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0763266A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH10503892A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1078390C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU691295B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9507801A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2190258A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI964654A0 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9605934A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2147753C1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995034103A1 (en) |
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| US11942694B2 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2024-03-26 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Self-calibration of antenna array system |
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| US5248982A (en) * | 1991-08-29 | 1993-09-28 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Method and apparatus for calibrating phased array receiving antennas |
-
1995
- 1995-06-01 WO PCT/SE1995/000627 patent/WO1995034103A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1995-06-01 AU AU25836/95A patent/AU691295B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-06-01 BR BR9507801A patent/BR9507801A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-06-01 JP JP8500753A patent/JPH10503892A/en active Pending
- 1995-06-01 RU RU97100131A patent/RU2147753C1/en active
- 1995-06-01 EP EP95920362A patent/EP0763266A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-06-01 CN CN95193418A patent/CN1078390C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-06-01 CA CA 2190258 patent/CA2190258A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-06-01 MX MX9605934A patent/MX9605934A/en unknown
-
1996
- 1996-11-21 FI FI964654A patent/FI964654A0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11942694B2 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2024-03-26 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Self-calibration of antenna array system |
| US11411624B2 (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2022-08-09 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Systems and methods for correction of beam direction due to self-coupling |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1078390C (en) | 2002-01-23 |
| JPH10503892A (en) | 1998-04-07 |
| FI964654A (en) | 1996-11-21 |
| AU691295B2 (en) | 1998-05-14 |
| FI964654A0 (en) | 1996-11-21 |
| BR9507801A (en) | 1998-05-26 |
| RU2147753C1 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
| EP0763266A1 (en) | 1997-03-19 |
| WO1995034103A1 (en) | 1995-12-14 |
| MX9605934A (en) | 1997-12-31 |
| AU2583695A (en) | 1996-01-04 |
| CN1150499A (en) | 1997-05-21 |
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