CA2189904A1 - Live fire exclusion for automatic firearms - Google Patents
Live fire exclusion for automatic firearmsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2189904A1 CA2189904A1 CA 2189904 CA2189904A CA2189904A1 CA 2189904 A1 CA2189904 A1 CA 2189904A1 CA 2189904 CA2189904 CA 2189904 CA 2189904 A CA2189904 A CA 2189904A CA 2189904 A1 CA2189904 A1 CA 2189904A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- casing
- barrel
- pressure
- firearm
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
- F41A21/00—Barrels; Gun tubes; Muzzle attachments; Barrel mounting means
- F41A21/28—Gas-expansion chambers; Barrels provided with gas-relieving ports
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41C—SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- F41C3/00—Pistols, e.g. revolvers
- F41C3/04—Starting pistols; Alarm pistols
Abstract
A firearm modified with a subcalibre barrel has a pressure-relief orifice formed in the chamber to allow a full size, live round to burst in a controlled manner in the event that such a round is inadvertently loaded into the weapon.
Description
2l8990q Title: LIVE FIRE EXCLU8ION FOR AUTONATIC FIREARN8 Field of the Invention This invention relates to the field of firearms and provisions for modifying semi-automatic and fully automatic firearms for training purposes. In particular, it relates to a safety feature for firearms that have been modified to fire blanks or sub-calibre, low energy ammunition.
Background to the Invention In military and police firearms applications almost all the ammunition consumed is used in training. For some training purposes, however, normal ammunition is not adequate.
An alternate type of known training ammunition represented by United States Patent No. 5,359,937 fires a low mass projectile relying on a special cartridge design to provide cycling of recoil-operated automatic weapons.
When such training rounds are being employed, it is important to ensure that no weapon is loaded with standard, live ammunition. An advantage of the lighter-weight training ammunition is that it has a shorter range and lower penetration capacity. This permits use of smaller, less secure firing ranges as training facilities. If standard ammunition were accidentally employed in these facilities, 2189g'04 unexpected dangers would arise from the increased striking power and range of standard ammunition.
To provide increased security when training rounds are being employed, it has become conventional to provide firearms with substitute barrels which are bored to fire a smaller calibre round than standard ammunition. If an attempt is made to chamber a standard round in a training-adapted firearm, then the barrel will not normally admit entry of the standard projectile. This ensures that such modified weapons cannot fire standard, live ammunition. Other examples of systems for converting standard firearms for operation with sub-calibre ammunition vis U.S. Patent Nos. 4,515,004 and 4,531,446.
As one of the objectives in providing training ammunition is to simulate use of a normal weapon as nearly as possible, it has been customary to modify standard weapons only to a minimum extent. In particular, subcalibre training rounds are employed which have standard-sized casings. This allows all parts of the weapon concerned with the loading and cycling functions to operate in a nearly normal fashion. To accommodate reduced recoil as provided by the cartridges of U.S. Patent No. 5,359,937, springs and other secondary components may also be modified.
It has been found that standard ammunition may be capable of being loaded into a barrel-modified weapon if the projectile is pressed back into the casing. In certain cases, reduced propellent is provided in training cartridges providing room in the casing for the projectile to be pressed therein, shortening the cartridge. By so shortening the cartridge, it is possible that a live round has been chambered within a weapon with a modified barrel. Upon firing such a round, the projectile or a part thereof, can be extruded by the high chamber pressure to travel down the barrel and out the muzzle at a sufficiently high velocity to cause serious bodily harm should it inadvertently strike a human target.
Conversely, should the projectile jam in the barrel and block it the pressure build-up will blow open the breech at considerable risk to the operator.
This invention addresses such a situation. In particular, this invention provides a safety feature which will prevent any portion of the projectile from exiting the muzzle when a live cartridge is chambered and fired in a firearm having a barrel bore of reduced diameter. This is effected by allowing the cartridge casing to burst in a controlled manner without danger to the operator.
In certain prior art firearms, the chambers of such firearms have been provided with pressure-relief orifices located rearward of the cartridge to serve as an escape path for gases that may blow-back (e.g. from a burst primer cap).
Such orifices have been in the nature of a small hole that penetrated through the chamber wall of the firearm rearward of the cartridge casing. By allowing for a secondary path for gases to escape upon firing, the bolt and slide mechanism barrel were protected against extreme over-pressures arising from the use of a defective cartridge.
Such a relieve orifice was also effectively present in early black-powder firearms that were fired through a touch-hole.
In the prior art, however, no example is known of provision for a casing to burst in the chamber and release pressure through a pressure-relief orifice in the chamber wall.
The invention in its general form will first be described, and then its implementation in terms of specific embodiments will be detailed with reference to the drawings following hereafter. These embodiments are intended to demonstrate the principle of the invention, and the manner of its implementation. The invention in its broadest and more specific forms will then be further described, and defined, in each of the individual claims which conclude this Specification.
Summary of the Invention According to one aspect of the invention a firearm is provided with a chamber for receiving a cartridge having a casing with a casing sidewall. The chamber is provided with a pressure-relief orifice that extends through the chamber wall to terminate adjacent to the casing sidewall. The orifice is of sufficient diameter to allow the casing to burst on firing and vent its gases through the pressure-relief orifice, in the event that an excessive pressure condition builds-up within the casing.
In particular, the invention is suited to weapons having a barrel with a reduced bore diameter and a chamber that will accommodate a standard sized round with a standard diameter casing and projectile.
As a further feature of the invention, the pressure-relief orifice may preferably be in the shape of one or more elongated slots, for example of an elongated, oval shape, that are oriented in parallel with the axis of the cartridge. More preferably, such a slotted orifice may be located towards the rearward end of the chamber wall. Further, it may extend so as to run-out rearwardly so as to form a "u" shaped opening in the chamber wall.
While the invention is of value with weapons converted to fire sub-calibre ammunition, it may also be utilized in weapons converted to fire blanks. An example of such a system is depicted in U.S. Patent No. 5,433,134 wherein the conversion barrel is substantially restricted by a plug with a choking orifice.
218990~
The foregoing summarizes the principal features of the invention and some of its optional aspects. The invention may be further understood by the description of the preferred embodiments, in conjunction with the drawings, which now follow.
Summary of the Figures Figure 1 is a side view of a conventional automatic pistol indicating the barrel and chamber portions.
Figure 2 is a sectioned side view of a prior art conversion pistol barrel of reduced bore diameter.
Figure 3 is a view as in Figure 2 with the presence of an elongated pressure relief slot formed according to the invention, in the chamber wall of a pistol barrel wherein the slot runs-out at the rearward end of the chamber wall.
Figure 4 is a top view of an automatic rifle or machine gun barrel modified by the presence of an oval, elongated pressure-relief orifice formed according to the invention in the top mid-portion of the chamber wall.
Figures 5a and 5b are side views of cartridge casings after they have been fired in barrels with modified chambers in accordance with the invention corresponding to Figure 3 (pistol casing) and Figure 4 (rifle or machine gun casing) respectively.
DescriPtion of the Preferred Embodiment In Figure 1 an automatic pistol 1 is provided with a barrel 2 having a chamber 3 and a slide 4 with an ejection slot 5.
5In Figure 2 a conversion pistol barrel of prior art design is shown wherein the barrel 2 has a bore 6 of reduced diameter providing a conical forcing cone end 7 to the chamber 3. A cartridge 8 with a sub-calibre projectile 9 and full-sized casing 10 is shown chambered in the barrel.
10In Figure 3 a pistol barrel modified according to the invention has a pressure relief orifice 11 in the form of a longitudinal extending opening that runs-out at the rearward end of the chamber 3 to provide a "u" shaped slot in the chamber wall that penetrates through to terminate adjacent to 15the casing 10 of the cartridge 12. The cartridge 12 is a live round with a full sized projectile 13 shown compressed back into the casing 10 from its normal position. This represents a hypothetical situation where the live round 12 has been forced into the chamber 3 notwithstanding the reduced diameter of the barrel bore 6q~
Figure 4 is a top view of the barrel of an automatic rifle or machine gun. The wall of the chamber 3 is provided with a pressure-relief orifice lla in the form of a central, elongated oval.
The casing 10 of a cartridge inserted in the barrel of Figure 4 (not shown) would partially burst along the portion of the casing wall that is adjacent to the pressure-relief orifice lla. The casing wall 14 would thereby be sheared or torn to provide an opening of extended length to form in the casing wall 14, facilitating the release of pressurized gas from the cartridge 12.
In most cases, the slide 4 in a pistol or the bolt 17 in a rifle must be circled manually in order to remove the spent cartridge 9,10 through the ejector slot 5.
Figures 5a and 5b show casings 10 after being removed from a modified pistol or rifle/machine gun respectively with the burst openings 14 apparent. The use of a pressure-relief orifice lla of elongated shape, oriented parallel to the cartridge axis, provides a preferred formation of the burst openings 14. For example, the positioning of the pressure-relief orifice 11 at the rearward end of the pistol chamber 3, preferably running-out at the rearward edge of the chamber 3, allows the burst opening 14 to commence anywhere along the casing 10, but most likely near the cap end 16 of the casing 10, extending down the side of the casing 10. By extending the slot for almost the full length of the chamber 11, casings 10 can be caused to split along virtually their full length.
2189~0~
While use of a single pressure-relief orifice has been shown, for security against excessive pressure build up, two or more such orifices may be employed at spaced locations around the circumference of the chamber 3.
Tests have been conducted in 9mm SIG P226, SIG 228, SIG 229, Browning HP, Glock 17, Colt M16/K4, Beretta 92/96 and Smith & Wesson 59 hand guns amongst others modified with reduced diameter barrel bores to fire FXR rounds supplied by SNC Industrial Technologies Inc. of Quebec, Canada. The machined slot or pressure-relief orifice for the run-out slots was 5/32 inch wide and 0.02-0.03 inches less than the chamber length. Oval slots were approximately three times their width in length. In no case did a normal-sized projectile proceed down the reduced diameter barrel bore. In all examples, the casings burst releasing the propellant gases generated by such rounds.
Conclusion The foregoing has constituted a description of specific embodiments showing how the invention may be applied and put into use. These embodiments are only exemplary. The invention in its broadest, and more specific aspects, is further described and defined in the claims which now follow.
These claims, and the language used therein, are to be understood in terms of the variants of the invention which 2189~4 have been described. They are not to be restricted to such variants, but are to be read as covering the full scope of the invention as is implicit within the invention and the disclosure that has been provided herein.
Background to the Invention In military and police firearms applications almost all the ammunition consumed is used in training. For some training purposes, however, normal ammunition is not adequate.
An alternate type of known training ammunition represented by United States Patent No. 5,359,937 fires a low mass projectile relying on a special cartridge design to provide cycling of recoil-operated automatic weapons.
When such training rounds are being employed, it is important to ensure that no weapon is loaded with standard, live ammunition. An advantage of the lighter-weight training ammunition is that it has a shorter range and lower penetration capacity. This permits use of smaller, less secure firing ranges as training facilities. If standard ammunition were accidentally employed in these facilities, 2189g'04 unexpected dangers would arise from the increased striking power and range of standard ammunition.
To provide increased security when training rounds are being employed, it has become conventional to provide firearms with substitute barrels which are bored to fire a smaller calibre round than standard ammunition. If an attempt is made to chamber a standard round in a training-adapted firearm, then the barrel will not normally admit entry of the standard projectile. This ensures that such modified weapons cannot fire standard, live ammunition. Other examples of systems for converting standard firearms for operation with sub-calibre ammunition vis U.S. Patent Nos. 4,515,004 and 4,531,446.
As one of the objectives in providing training ammunition is to simulate use of a normal weapon as nearly as possible, it has been customary to modify standard weapons only to a minimum extent. In particular, subcalibre training rounds are employed which have standard-sized casings. This allows all parts of the weapon concerned with the loading and cycling functions to operate in a nearly normal fashion. To accommodate reduced recoil as provided by the cartridges of U.S. Patent No. 5,359,937, springs and other secondary components may also be modified.
It has been found that standard ammunition may be capable of being loaded into a barrel-modified weapon if the projectile is pressed back into the casing. In certain cases, reduced propellent is provided in training cartridges providing room in the casing for the projectile to be pressed therein, shortening the cartridge. By so shortening the cartridge, it is possible that a live round has been chambered within a weapon with a modified barrel. Upon firing such a round, the projectile or a part thereof, can be extruded by the high chamber pressure to travel down the barrel and out the muzzle at a sufficiently high velocity to cause serious bodily harm should it inadvertently strike a human target.
Conversely, should the projectile jam in the barrel and block it the pressure build-up will blow open the breech at considerable risk to the operator.
This invention addresses such a situation. In particular, this invention provides a safety feature which will prevent any portion of the projectile from exiting the muzzle when a live cartridge is chambered and fired in a firearm having a barrel bore of reduced diameter. This is effected by allowing the cartridge casing to burst in a controlled manner without danger to the operator.
In certain prior art firearms, the chambers of such firearms have been provided with pressure-relief orifices located rearward of the cartridge to serve as an escape path for gases that may blow-back (e.g. from a burst primer cap).
Such orifices have been in the nature of a small hole that penetrated through the chamber wall of the firearm rearward of the cartridge casing. By allowing for a secondary path for gases to escape upon firing, the bolt and slide mechanism barrel were protected against extreme over-pressures arising from the use of a defective cartridge.
Such a relieve orifice was also effectively present in early black-powder firearms that were fired through a touch-hole.
In the prior art, however, no example is known of provision for a casing to burst in the chamber and release pressure through a pressure-relief orifice in the chamber wall.
The invention in its general form will first be described, and then its implementation in terms of specific embodiments will be detailed with reference to the drawings following hereafter. These embodiments are intended to demonstrate the principle of the invention, and the manner of its implementation. The invention in its broadest and more specific forms will then be further described, and defined, in each of the individual claims which conclude this Specification.
Summary of the Invention According to one aspect of the invention a firearm is provided with a chamber for receiving a cartridge having a casing with a casing sidewall. The chamber is provided with a pressure-relief orifice that extends through the chamber wall to terminate adjacent to the casing sidewall. The orifice is of sufficient diameter to allow the casing to burst on firing and vent its gases through the pressure-relief orifice, in the event that an excessive pressure condition builds-up within the casing.
In particular, the invention is suited to weapons having a barrel with a reduced bore diameter and a chamber that will accommodate a standard sized round with a standard diameter casing and projectile.
As a further feature of the invention, the pressure-relief orifice may preferably be in the shape of one or more elongated slots, for example of an elongated, oval shape, that are oriented in parallel with the axis of the cartridge. More preferably, such a slotted orifice may be located towards the rearward end of the chamber wall. Further, it may extend so as to run-out rearwardly so as to form a "u" shaped opening in the chamber wall.
While the invention is of value with weapons converted to fire sub-calibre ammunition, it may also be utilized in weapons converted to fire blanks. An example of such a system is depicted in U.S. Patent No. 5,433,134 wherein the conversion barrel is substantially restricted by a plug with a choking orifice.
218990~
The foregoing summarizes the principal features of the invention and some of its optional aspects. The invention may be further understood by the description of the preferred embodiments, in conjunction with the drawings, which now follow.
Summary of the Figures Figure 1 is a side view of a conventional automatic pistol indicating the barrel and chamber portions.
Figure 2 is a sectioned side view of a prior art conversion pistol barrel of reduced bore diameter.
Figure 3 is a view as in Figure 2 with the presence of an elongated pressure relief slot formed according to the invention, in the chamber wall of a pistol barrel wherein the slot runs-out at the rearward end of the chamber wall.
Figure 4 is a top view of an automatic rifle or machine gun barrel modified by the presence of an oval, elongated pressure-relief orifice formed according to the invention in the top mid-portion of the chamber wall.
Figures 5a and 5b are side views of cartridge casings after they have been fired in barrels with modified chambers in accordance with the invention corresponding to Figure 3 (pistol casing) and Figure 4 (rifle or machine gun casing) respectively.
DescriPtion of the Preferred Embodiment In Figure 1 an automatic pistol 1 is provided with a barrel 2 having a chamber 3 and a slide 4 with an ejection slot 5.
5In Figure 2 a conversion pistol barrel of prior art design is shown wherein the barrel 2 has a bore 6 of reduced diameter providing a conical forcing cone end 7 to the chamber 3. A cartridge 8 with a sub-calibre projectile 9 and full-sized casing 10 is shown chambered in the barrel.
10In Figure 3 a pistol barrel modified according to the invention has a pressure relief orifice 11 in the form of a longitudinal extending opening that runs-out at the rearward end of the chamber 3 to provide a "u" shaped slot in the chamber wall that penetrates through to terminate adjacent to 15the casing 10 of the cartridge 12. The cartridge 12 is a live round with a full sized projectile 13 shown compressed back into the casing 10 from its normal position. This represents a hypothetical situation where the live round 12 has been forced into the chamber 3 notwithstanding the reduced diameter of the barrel bore 6q~
Figure 4 is a top view of the barrel of an automatic rifle or machine gun. The wall of the chamber 3 is provided with a pressure-relief orifice lla in the form of a central, elongated oval.
The casing 10 of a cartridge inserted in the barrel of Figure 4 (not shown) would partially burst along the portion of the casing wall that is adjacent to the pressure-relief orifice lla. The casing wall 14 would thereby be sheared or torn to provide an opening of extended length to form in the casing wall 14, facilitating the release of pressurized gas from the cartridge 12.
In most cases, the slide 4 in a pistol or the bolt 17 in a rifle must be circled manually in order to remove the spent cartridge 9,10 through the ejector slot 5.
Figures 5a and 5b show casings 10 after being removed from a modified pistol or rifle/machine gun respectively with the burst openings 14 apparent. The use of a pressure-relief orifice lla of elongated shape, oriented parallel to the cartridge axis, provides a preferred formation of the burst openings 14. For example, the positioning of the pressure-relief orifice 11 at the rearward end of the pistol chamber 3, preferably running-out at the rearward edge of the chamber 3, allows the burst opening 14 to commence anywhere along the casing 10, but most likely near the cap end 16 of the casing 10, extending down the side of the casing 10. By extending the slot for almost the full length of the chamber 11, casings 10 can be caused to split along virtually their full length.
2189~0~
While use of a single pressure-relief orifice has been shown, for security against excessive pressure build up, two or more such orifices may be employed at spaced locations around the circumference of the chamber 3.
Tests have been conducted in 9mm SIG P226, SIG 228, SIG 229, Browning HP, Glock 17, Colt M16/K4, Beretta 92/96 and Smith & Wesson 59 hand guns amongst others modified with reduced diameter barrel bores to fire FXR rounds supplied by SNC Industrial Technologies Inc. of Quebec, Canada. The machined slot or pressure-relief orifice for the run-out slots was 5/32 inch wide and 0.02-0.03 inches less than the chamber length. Oval slots were approximately three times their width in length. In no case did a normal-sized projectile proceed down the reduced diameter barrel bore. In all examples, the casings burst releasing the propellant gases generated by such rounds.
Conclusion The foregoing has constituted a description of specific embodiments showing how the invention may be applied and put into use. These embodiments are only exemplary. The invention in its broadest, and more specific aspects, is further described and defined in the claims which now follow.
These claims, and the language used therein, are to be understood in terms of the variants of the invention which 2189~4 have been described. They are not to be restricted to such variants, but are to be read as covering the full scope of the invention as is implicit within the invention and the disclosure that has been provided herein.
Claims (8)
1. A firearm having a chamber and a loading mechanism for loading standard size cartridges having a standard diameter projectile and casing into said chamber wherein said barrel has a reduced bore diameter below the diameter for standard projectiles and said chamber is of a size that will accommodate a round with a standard diameter projectile and a standard diameter casing sidewall, said chamber being provided with a pressure-relief orifice that extends through the wall of the chamber to terminate adjacent to the location of the casing sidewall when a cartridge is loaded into the chamber, said orifice being of sufficient diameter to allow the casing to burst and vent its gases on firing through the pressure-relief orifice in the event that a pressure condition builds-up within the casing that is in excess of a pre-selected limit.
2. A firearm as in Claim 1 wherein said pressure relief orifice is in the shape of one or more elongated slots that are oriented in parallel with the axis of the cartridge.
3. A firearm as in Claim 2 wherein said orifice is located at the rearward end of the chamber wall, running-out rearwardly so as to form a "u" shaped or elongated oval opening in the chamber wall.
4. A firearm as in Claim 3 wherein said slot extends for substantially the full length of the chamber of said firearm.
5. A conversion barrel for an automatic recoil operating firearm, said barrel having a barrel portion with a bore and a chamber portion, the diameter of the chamber portion being greater than the diameter of the bore, there being formed in the chamber wall a pressure-relief orifice of sufficient diameter to allow the casing to burst and vent its gases on firing through the pressure-relief orifice in the event that a pressure condition builds-up within the casing that is in excess of a pre-selected limit.
6. A barrel as in Claim 5 wherein said pressure-relief orifice is in the shape of one or more elongated slots that are oriented in parallel with the axis of the cartridge.
7. A barrel as in Claim 6 wherein said orifice is located at the rearward end of the chamber wall, running-out rearwardly so as to form a "u" shaped opening in the chamber wall.
8. A firearm as in Claim 7 wherein said slot extends for substantially the full length of the chamber of said firearm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2189904 CA2189904A1 (en) | 1996-11-08 | 1996-11-08 | Live fire exclusion for automatic firearms |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2189904 CA2189904A1 (en) | 1996-11-08 | 1996-11-08 | Live fire exclusion for automatic firearms |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2189904A1 true CA2189904A1 (en) | 1998-05-08 |
Family
ID=4159226
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2189904 Abandoned CA2189904A1 (en) | 1996-11-08 | 1996-11-08 | Live fire exclusion for automatic firearms |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2189904A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6543174B2 (en) | 1997-06-03 | 2003-04-08 | Metal Storm Limited | Barrel assembly with over-pressure relief |
| EP1540263A2 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2005-06-15 | Robert Gee | Method and system to prevent firing live rounds of ammunition during miles exercises |
| US11796268B2 (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2023-10-24 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Pressure discriminating cartridge chamber |
-
1996
- 1996-11-08 CA CA 2189904 patent/CA2189904A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6543174B2 (en) | 1997-06-03 | 2003-04-08 | Metal Storm Limited | Barrel assembly with over-pressure relief |
| EP1540263A2 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2005-06-15 | Robert Gee | Method and system to prevent firing live rounds of ammunition during miles exercises |
| US7036260B2 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2006-05-02 | Robert Gee | Method and system to prevent firing live rounds of ammunition during miles exercises |
| EP1540263A4 (en) * | 2002-08-01 | 2007-12-26 | Robert Gee | Method and system to prevent firing live rounds of ammunition during miles exercises |
| US11796268B2 (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2023-10-24 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Pressure discriminating cartridge chamber |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |