CA2188736A1 - Gasifier system - Google Patents
Gasifier systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA2188736A1 CA2188736A1 CA002188736A CA2188736A CA2188736A1 CA 2188736 A1 CA2188736 A1 CA 2188736A1 CA 002188736 A CA002188736 A CA 002188736A CA 2188736 A CA2188736 A CA 2188736A CA 2188736 A1 CA2188736 A1 CA 2188736A1
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- waste
- chamber
- bed
- air supply
- primary
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Abstract
A system for gasifying organic biomass material to produce combustible gases comprises an enclosed primary heating chamber having a top wall, side walls and a floor with a raised table for supporting a bed of biomass material. A conveyor system is provided for delivering biomass material to the table to create and maintain the biomass material in a generally frustoconically shaped mass on the table. The conveyor system includes a portion that extends upwardly into the base of the frustoconically shaped mass to push new biomass material outwardly from the central opening. An air supply manifold is provided for delivering air upwardly through the bed and includes clean out passages for removing dirt and small rocks. The manifold is dimensioned to define an annular zone of no air supply adjacent the edge of the table. A waste removal system adjacent the perimeter of the table is provided to remove ash and waste from the primary chamber and includes inwardly extending scraping members to scrape material from the annular zone of no air supply. A waste handling system includes a sealed waste conveyor with an air supply system for further gasification of the waste and ash. The primary chamber includes a discharge passage for release of gases produced by the bed to a secondary chamber where the gases are heated and a cyclonic flow of gases is established to remove suspended particulates from the flow to produce a flow of hot combustible gases. The secondary chamber includes a collection chamber for particulates and the entire system is maintained at a negative pressure by a draft fan.
Description
_ GASIFIER SYSTEM
This invention relates to a gasifier unit for generating combustible gases from organic biomass material. The combustible gases generated are burned to generate heat which is captured by a heat exchange system or used to produce electrical power or for other purposes.
Gasifiers for converting organic biomass materials such as wood chips are well known. For example, United States Patent 5,138,957 issued August 18, 1992 to Morey et al. discloses a typical gasifier system. The biomass fuel is fed into a primary chamber from below to form a fuel bed. The atmosphere in the primary chamber is maintained at a high temperature in the range of 1200-1300 ~F by limited combustion of the gases generated from the fuel bed. Air to support the limited combustion is admitted through a system of manifolds. The fuel bed smoulders in the primary chamber and the incomplete combustion that occurs in the body of the fuel bed is responsible for the generation of combustible gases that are collected and oxidized in a secondary chamber that is maintained at temperature range of 2200 to 2500 ~F.
Sufficient air is supplied to the secondary chamber to fully combust the combustion gases in order to generate heat.
The fuel bed is gradually converted into ash and an ash disposal system is provided to periodically remove ash, dirt and clinkers from the primary chamber for disposal.
"_ The present invention is directed to a gasification unit that offers a number of improved features over conventional gasifiers.
The auger conveyor feeding biomass material to the bed is formed with a upstanding member that projects into the bed to assist in distributing new material outwardly away from the central auger site. This ensures that foreign materials in the biomass material such as rocks, dirt and sand are continually moved to the outer edges of the biomass bed and the bed maintains its preferred generally frustoconical shape for efficient gasification.
In another feature, the unit of the present invention has a unique table and air manifold structure for delivering air through the bed of biomass material.
A zone of no air supply is provided at the edge of the table where clinkers (accumulations of dirt, rocks and sand) normally tend to form. Not providing air at the edge of the table prevents the flow of air under the biomass bed to the outer edge of the table. In conventional gasifiers, airflow in the relatively thin edge layers of the biomass combined with ash as fuel tends to create a blow torch effect that rapidly deteriorates the table edge and the ash removal system.
As a further improvement according to the present invention, a cooling unit can be added to further lower temperatures at the edge of the biomass bed. Scraping members are provided to extend inwardly over the edge of the table to break off and break up clinkers that do form at the table edge and deposit them into the waste removal system. Without a zone of no air supply in which to work, the scraping members would be rapidly destroyed by the blow torch effect described above. In addition, the manifolds of the present gasifier system are formed with sealable clean out passages to allow dirt and small rocks to be removed from the air chambers without shutting down 21 8~73~
'~
the entire gasifier. Such dirt and small rocks are present in the biomass and tend to fall into the manifold chambers where they can plug the air chambers.
In a further improvement, the gasifier unit of the present invention includes a waste handling system to receive ash and foreign material from the primary chamber. The handling system includes a sealed waste passage with an auger. The passage acts as an ash dump bin and includes an air supply system for further gasification of the waste ash. The waste handling system is sealed so that the entire gasifier unit including primary and secondary chambers and the waste handling auger can be maintained at sub-atmospheric pressure to induce a draft through the unit that improves gasification efficiency and gas flows through the gasifier unit. Conventional gasifiers tend to rely on a natural draft system. A fan unit is provided in the gasifier unit of the present invention at the secondary chamber to create the negative internal pressure.
As a still further improvement, the gasifier unit of the present invention includes a removable collection chamber for particulates that is associated with the secondary chamber. The collection chamber communicates with the secondary chamber via a passage formed with a lip that protrudes into the secondary chamber to direct a portion of high velocity cyclonic flow created in the secondary chamber into the collection chamber where lower flow velocity causes deposition and collection of particulates and slag.
Accordingly, in a gasifier unit incorporating all of the above features, the present invention provides a system for gasifying organic biomass material to produce combustible gases comprising:
"
an enclosed primary heating chamber having a top wall, side walls and a floor with a raised table for supporting a bed of biomass material and a generally central opening in the table;
a conveyor system for delivering biomass material through the central opening to create and maintain the biomass material in a generally frustoconically shaped mass on the table, the conveyor system including a portion that extends upwardly into the base of the frustoconically shaped mass to push new biomass material outwardly from the central opening;
an air supply manifold below the table for delivering air upwardly through the bed from adjacent the central opening to the edges of the table, the manifold being dimensioned to define an annular zone of no air supply adjacent the edge of the table;
a waste removal system adjacent the perimeter of the table to remove ash and waste from the primary chamber including inwardly extending scraping members positioned over the edges of the table to scrape material from the annular zone of no air supply into the ash removal system;
a waste handling system to receive waste from the removal system including a sealed waste auger with an air supply system for further gasification of the waste and ash;
a discharge passage in the chamber for release of gases produced by the bed;
a secondary chamber in communication with the discharge passage for heating the gases from the discharge passage and establishing a cyclonic flow of ' 21 88736 gases to remove suspended particulates from the flow to produce a flow of hot combustible gases, the secondary chamber including a collection chamber for particulates;
and means for maintaining the primary and secondary chamber at a negative pressure.
Aspects of the present invention are illustrated, merely by way of example, in the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic, partially sectioned side elevation view of a gasifier system incorporating the improved feature of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a section view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1 showing the fuel bed table and the waste removal system of the present invention;
Figure 3 is a detailed view of the auger used in the waste handling system of the present invention; and Figure 4 is a detail cross-sectional view of the auger of Figure 3.
Referring to Figure 1, there is shown a gasifier unit 2 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention for gasifying organic biomass material to produce combustible gases.
The gasifier unit includes an enclosed primary heating chamber 4. The chamber has a top wall 6, side walls 7 and a floor 8 with a raised table 10 for supporting a bed of biomass material 12 to be gasified.
As is conventional, the primary chamber is constructed of a steel shell lined with refractory material that acts as -a heat sink to maintain the primary chamber at high temperature during operation of the gasifier unit.
Floor 8 comprises a steel plate and the entire primary chamber 4 is supported above ground level 14 by legs 15 to permit access for cleaning and maintenance to the manifold system 16, the waste removal system 17 and the waste handling system 18 of the gasifier which are located at or adjacent the floor of the primary chamber.
Floor 8 supports raised table 10 having a generally central opening 20 to permit vertical conveyor 21 to deliver organic biomass to the table. Conveyor 21 is fed by generally horizontal conveyor 22 which transports material from storage hopper 24. Storage hopper 24 is, in turn, fed from a main supply (not shown) of biomass material such as wood chips or the like by conveyor 25.
Hopper 24 is fed by conveyor 25 to ensure a constant and steady supply of biomass material to gasifier unit 2.
Vertical conveyor 21 includes an auger 26 that lifts biomass material into primary chamber 4 to create and maintain biomass bed 12 in a generally frustoconically shaped mass on table 10. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, auger 26 includes an additional portion comprising plate 30 welded to the end of the auger to protrude through central opening 20 into the base of the biomass bed. As auger 26 rotates plate 30 acts to push biomass material way from the central opening to maintain the frustoconical shaped of the bed. Plate 30 also tends to move denser non-organic foreign material such as rocks, dirt and stone to the outer edges of the biomass bed where it can be removed by the waste removal system of the present invention. Without plate 30, foreign material tends to remain mixed in with the biomass material and as the biomass is gasified, clinkers or lumps of melted foreign material form at the surface of ~ 1 ~88~36 the biomass bed and prevent efficient removal of waste ash from table 20. The result is the biomass bed tends to build upwardly on the table and clinkers accumulate requiring frequent shutdown of the system to clean out foreign material.
An air supply manifold 16 is positioned below table 10 to provide air to biomass bed 10 from below to travel upwardly through the bed. Referring to Figure 1, air supply manifold comprises a plurality of concentric annular chambers 32 in communication with a source of pressurized air (not shown). Each annular chamber 32 is formed with a series of air feed openings 33 to deliver air through the bed of biomass material at a velocity that does not disturb the bed and prevents biomass material from falling into chambers 32. In the event that material such as dirt and small rocks does get into chambers 32, the manifold of the present system is provided with sealable access passages 34 that can be opened from below via hinged doors to remove the dirt and rocks before they adversely affect air flow through openings 33. In prior art gasifier designs, it is generally necessary to shut down the entire system and remove the table to access and clean out the manifold chambers.
Manifold chambers 32 extend from adjacent central opening 20 to a region short of the table edge to define an annular zone 35 of no air supply adjacent the edge of table 10. Preferably zone 35 includes means for cooling the zone in the form of a sealed outer annular chamber 38 fillable with a cooling fluid such as air or water that can be continuously recirculated to maintain a lowered temperature.
Zone 35 with no air supply is provided at the edge of the table where clinkers (accumulations of dirt, rocks 21 ~8736 .
and sand) often tend to form. Not providing air at the edge of table 10 prevents the flow of air under the biomass bed 12 to the outer edge of the table. In conventional gasifiers, airflow in the relatively thin edge layers of the biomass combined with ash as fuel tends to create a blow torch effect that rapidly deteriorates the table edge and the ash removal system of the gasifier. Cooling of zone 35 acts to cause breakup of clinkers that do form for quick and efficient removal of the clinkers by the improved waste removal system of the present invention which will be described. In prototype testing, it has been determined that a cooled no air zone 35 that is approximately 8 inches wide works well.
When the gasifier unit is working under steady state conditions, biomass bed 12 smoulders and gasifies. The incomplete gasification that occurs in bed 12 is responsible for giving off incomplete products of combustion comprising gases with entrained fly ash.
These gases exit primary chamber 4 through discharge passage 42 as indicated by arrows 40 in Figure 1 for further processing in secondary chamber 46. Air supplied through manifold 16 is sufficient to provide enough oxygen to create gas production in the smouldering bed which ideally is flaming evenly only over its outermost layer. The interior of bed 12 is only incompletely gasified and gives off combustible gases in great volume.
The gases are mixed with only sufficient air provided through a plurality of ports 48 in side walls 7 to combust only that small portion of the gases that will maintain the temperature of the atmosphere in the primary chamber at a level sufficient to sustain the gasification process.
As biomass bed 12 is continually replenished by new biomass material, older material moves upwardly and -g outwardly to the outer surface of the bed in a continuous manner and chars as gases are released to create ash.
Foreign material in the biomass bed tends to form clinkers. The ashes and clinkers are waste material that must be removed from the primary chamber. The gasifier unit of the present invention includes a waste removal system to accomplish this task.
Figure 2 iS a section view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1 showing the waste removal system 17 of the present invention comprising a ring member 49 in primary chamber 4 mounted for rotatable movement in the annular channel 50 defined by the side walls and the floor of the chamber and raised table 10. As is conventional, ring member 49 is formed with internal teeth 52 adapted to 15 engage with drive gear 54 of motor 56 which is activated to rotate ring member 49 about an axis defined by central opening 20. A plurality of spaced plough members 55 are mounted on ring member 49 and, when ring member 49 is periodically rotated, ash and clinkers that accumulate in 20 channel 50 are pushed to a waste aperture 56 in the floor of the primary chamber and removed from the chamber.
With reference to Figures 1 and 2, it can be seen that two of the plough members 55 are formed with scraping member 60 that extend inwardly over the edge of 25 table 10. Scraping members 60 sweep ash from the edge of table 10 into channel 50 for disposal. As well, the scraping members tend to break off and break up clinkers that form at the table edge. Note that scraping members 60 operate in cooled zone 35 having no air supply.
Without a zone of no air supply in which to work, the scraping members would be rapidly destroyed by the blow torch effect previously described.
In the apparatus of the present invention, waste material that is pushed through waste aperture 56 enters , a waste handling system 18 for further processing.
Figures 1, 3 and 4 illustrate the component parts of waste handling system 18 which includes an enclosed waste passage 70 that extends from a dump bin 71 that receives 5 waste and ash by gravity from waste aperture 56. Within passage 70, there is an auger 72 that collects and moves waste clinkers and ash from dump bin 71 to a sealed gate 73. Waste material is held in dump bin 71 and passage 70 for further treatment and periodically dumped from passage 70 at gate 73 for collection and disposal at a waste site.
Figure 3 and 4 are detail views of auger 72 which includes an air supply system to supply air to the waste material retained by auger 72 for further gasification of the waste and ash. Auger 72 has a hollow shaft 75 defining a passage 76 that is supplied with air under pressure. The walls of passage 76 are formed with a plurality of air feed holes 78 to deliver air to the waste and ash held by auger 72. Providing air to the 20 waste ash permits further gasification of the material during the hold period. Carbon combustion of the ash occurs to convert the ash from a substantially carbon ash to a mineral ash.
As best shown in Figure 3, auger 72 is designed with 25 a flight pattern that varies along the length of shaft 75. Auger blades 80 are formed at a first smaller pitch in zone 82 at the end of the auger adjacent waste aperture 56. Preferably, air feed holes 78 are formed only in zone 82. A second larger pitch zone 84 is formed 30 at the end of auger 72 adjacent gate 73. The smaller pitch blades 80 tend to compact the loose waste and ash that falls into dump bin 71 from waste aperture 56 thereby acting to create a plug seal of material in auger 72. The waste handling system is in open communication 35 with primary chamber 4 via waste aperture 56 so that 21 ~8736 -waste ash and clinkers can be scraped and delivered to dump bin 71 as required. Therefore, a plug seal of waste passage 70 is necessary to permit maintenance of the entire gasifier system at a negative pressure as will be described in more detail. Gate 73 also serves to seal waste passage 70 to permit the entire gasifier system to be maintained at a negative pressure.
As is conventional, the gasifier unit of the present invention includes a secondary chamber 46 in communication with primary chamber 4 through discharge passage 42 as best shown in Figure 1. Secondary chamber 46 is generally cylindrical and discharge passage 42 enters chamber 46 at a tangent in order to promote the cyclonic flow of gases within the secondary chamber.
Secondary chamber 46 is lined with refractory material in a similar manner to the primary chamber. Additional air is added to the gases from primary chamber 4 through vent 90 to support total combustion and oxidation of the gases to maintain the temperature of the atmosphere in the secondary chamber into the range of 2200 to 2500 ~F. In secondary chamber 46, the gases from primary chamber 4 are also cleaned of entrained particulate matter to produce heated gases that support efficient final combustion and oxidation. The cleaning action of the gases is achieved due to the cyclonic flow of gases in the secondary chamber which causes entrained ash to move outwardly to the hot internal wall of the secondary chamber where the ash is combusted and oxidized or tends builds up as slag. In conventional gasifier units, build up of slag over time significantly reduces the volume of the secondary chamber and the gasifier unit has to be shut down periodically for cleaning.
The secondary chamber of the gasifier unit of the present invention is provided with a collection chamber 100 for particulates and slag to avoid the foregoing ~ a~36 _ problem of slag build up in the secondary chamber.
Collection chamber 100 is a generally vertically aligned cylinder that is removably attachable below the secondary chamber by coupling 102. Collection chamber 100 communicates with secondary chamber 46 via a passage 104 formed with a lip 106 that protrudes into the secondary chamber to direct a portion of the high velocity cyclonic flow 108 from the secondary chamber into the collection chamber where lower flow velocity causes deposition and collection of particulates in the collection chamber.
Any molten slag that develops in the secondary chamber also tends to drain into collection chamber 100. The result is that secondary chamber 46 does not clog with slag material so that efficient gas flow through the chamber is maintained.
To further improve gas flow through the gasifier unit of the present invention, means for maintaining the primary and secondary chamber at a negative pressure are provided in the form of a fan unit 110 positioned downstream of the secondary chamber in exhaust stack 113 to maintain a negative pressure of at least .05 atmospheric pressure in the primary and secondary chambers in order to induce gas flow through the chambers. The sealed condition of the waste handling system 18 permits dumping of collected waste and ash while maintaining negative pressure throughout the gasifier chambers.
Although the present invention has been described in some detail by way of example for purposes of clarity and understanding, it will be apparent that certain changes and modifications may be practised within the scope of the appended claims.
This invention relates to a gasifier unit for generating combustible gases from organic biomass material. The combustible gases generated are burned to generate heat which is captured by a heat exchange system or used to produce electrical power or for other purposes.
Gasifiers for converting organic biomass materials such as wood chips are well known. For example, United States Patent 5,138,957 issued August 18, 1992 to Morey et al. discloses a typical gasifier system. The biomass fuel is fed into a primary chamber from below to form a fuel bed. The atmosphere in the primary chamber is maintained at a high temperature in the range of 1200-1300 ~F by limited combustion of the gases generated from the fuel bed. Air to support the limited combustion is admitted through a system of manifolds. The fuel bed smoulders in the primary chamber and the incomplete combustion that occurs in the body of the fuel bed is responsible for the generation of combustible gases that are collected and oxidized in a secondary chamber that is maintained at temperature range of 2200 to 2500 ~F.
Sufficient air is supplied to the secondary chamber to fully combust the combustion gases in order to generate heat.
The fuel bed is gradually converted into ash and an ash disposal system is provided to periodically remove ash, dirt and clinkers from the primary chamber for disposal.
"_ The present invention is directed to a gasification unit that offers a number of improved features over conventional gasifiers.
The auger conveyor feeding biomass material to the bed is formed with a upstanding member that projects into the bed to assist in distributing new material outwardly away from the central auger site. This ensures that foreign materials in the biomass material such as rocks, dirt and sand are continually moved to the outer edges of the biomass bed and the bed maintains its preferred generally frustoconical shape for efficient gasification.
In another feature, the unit of the present invention has a unique table and air manifold structure for delivering air through the bed of biomass material.
A zone of no air supply is provided at the edge of the table where clinkers (accumulations of dirt, rocks and sand) normally tend to form. Not providing air at the edge of the table prevents the flow of air under the biomass bed to the outer edge of the table. In conventional gasifiers, airflow in the relatively thin edge layers of the biomass combined with ash as fuel tends to create a blow torch effect that rapidly deteriorates the table edge and the ash removal system.
As a further improvement according to the present invention, a cooling unit can be added to further lower temperatures at the edge of the biomass bed. Scraping members are provided to extend inwardly over the edge of the table to break off and break up clinkers that do form at the table edge and deposit them into the waste removal system. Without a zone of no air supply in which to work, the scraping members would be rapidly destroyed by the blow torch effect described above. In addition, the manifolds of the present gasifier system are formed with sealable clean out passages to allow dirt and small rocks to be removed from the air chambers without shutting down 21 8~73~
'~
the entire gasifier. Such dirt and small rocks are present in the biomass and tend to fall into the manifold chambers where they can plug the air chambers.
In a further improvement, the gasifier unit of the present invention includes a waste handling system to receive ash and foreign material from the primary chamber. The handling system includes a sealed waste passage with an auger. The passage acts as an ash dump bin and includes an air supply system for further gasification of the waste ash. The waste handling system is sealed so that the entire gasifier unit including primary and secondary chambers and the waste handling auger can be maintained at sub-atmospheric pressure to induce a draft through the unit that improves gasification efficiency and gas flows through the gasifier unit. Conventional gasifiers tend to rely on a natural draft system. A fan unit is provided in the gasifier unit of the present invention at the secondary chamber to create the negative internal pressure.
As a still further improvement, the gasifier unit of the present invention includes a removable collection chamber for particulates that is associated with the secondary chamber. The collection chamber communicates with the secondary chamber via a passage formed with a lip that protrudes into the secondary chamber to direct a portion of high velocity cyclonic flow created in the secondary chamber into the collection chamber where lower flow velocity causes deposition and collection of particulates and slag.
Accordingly, in a gasifier unit incorporating all of the above features, the present invention provides a system for gasifying organic biomass material to produce combustible gases comprising:
"
an enclosed primary heating chamber having a top wall, side walls and a floor with a raised table for supporting a bed of biomass material and a generally central opening in the table;
a conveyor system for delivering biomass material through the central opening to create and maintain the biomass material in a generally frustoconically shaped mass on the table, the conveyor system including a portion that extends upwardly into the base of the frustoconically shaped mass to push new biomass material outwardly from the central opening;
an air supply manifold below the table for delivering air upwardly through the bed from adjacent the central opening to the edges of the table, the manifold being dimensioned to define an annular zone of no air supply adjacent the edge of the table;
a waste removal system adjacent the perimeter of the table to remove ash and waste from the primary chamber including inwardly extending scraping members positioned over the edges of the table to scrape material from the annular zone of no air supply into the ash removal system;
a waste handling system to receive waste from the removal system including a sealed waste auger with an air supply system for further gasification of the waste and ash;
a discharge passage in the chamber for release of gases produced by the bed;
a secondary chamber in communication with the discharge passage for heating the gases from the discharge passage and establishing a cyclonic flow of ' 21 88736 gases to remove suspended particulates from the flow to produce a flow of hot combustible gases, the secondary chamber including a collection chamber for particulates;
and means for maintaining the primary and secondary chamber at a negative pressure.
Aspects of the present invention are illustrated, merely by way of example, in the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic, partially sectioned side elevation view of a gasifier system incorporating the improved feature of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a section view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1 showing the fuel bed table and the waste removal system of the present invention;
Figure 3 is a detailed view of the auger used in the waste handling system of the present invention; and Figure 4 is a detail cross-sectional view of the auger of Figure 3.
Referring to Figure 1, there is shown a gasifier unit 2 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention for gasifying organic biomass material to produce combustible gases.
The gasifier unit includes an enclosed primary heating chamber 4. The chamber has a top wall 6, side walls 7 and a floor 8 with a raised table 10 for supporting a bed of biomass material 12 to be gasified.
As is conventional, the primary chamber is constructed of a steel shell lined with refractory material that acts as -a heat sink to maintain the primary chamber at high temperature during operation of the gasifier unit.
Floor 8 comprises a steel plate and the entire primary chamber 4 is supported above ground level 14 by legs 15 to permit access for cleaning and maintenance to the manifold system 16, the waste removal system 17 and the waste handling system 18 of the gasifier which are located at or adjacent the floor of the primary chamber.
Floor 8 supports raised table 10 having a generally central opening 20 to permit vertical conveyor 21 to deliver organic biomass to the table. Conveyor 21 is fed by generally horizontal conveyor 22 which transports material from storage hopper 24. Storage hopper 24 is, in turn, fed from a main supply (not shown) of biomass material such as wood chips or the like by conveyor 25.
Hopper 24 is fed by conveyor 25 to ensure a constant and steady supply of biomass material to gasifier unit 2.
Vertical conveyor 21 includes an auger 26 that lifts biomass material into primary chamber 4 to create and maintain biomass bed 12 in a generally frustoconically shaped mass on table 10. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, auger 26 includes an additional portion comprising plate 30 welded to the end of the auger to protrude through central opening 20 into the base of the biomass bed. As auger 26 rotates plate 30 acts to push biomass material way from the central opening to maintain the frustoconical shaped of the bed. Plate 30 also tends to move denser non-organic foreign material such as rocks, dirt and stone to the outer edges of the biomass bed where it can be removed by the waste removal system of the present invention. Without plate 30, foreign material tends to remain mixed in with the biomass material and as the biomass is gasified, clinkers or lumps of melted foreign material form at the surface of ~ 1 ~88~36 the biomass bed and prevent efficient removal of waste ash from table 20. The result is the biomass bed tends to build upwardly on the table and clinkers accumulate requiring frequent shutdown of the system to clean out foreign material.
An air supply manifold 16 is positioned below table 10 to provide air to biomass bed 10 from below to travel upwardly through the bed. Referring to Figure 1, air supply manifold comprises a plurality of concentric annular chambers 32 in communication with a source of pressurized air (not shown). Each annular chamber 32 is formed with a series of air feed openings 33 to deliver air through the bed of biomass material at a velocity that does not disturb the bed and prevents biomass material from falling into chambers 32. In the event that material such as dirt and small rocks does get into chambers 32, the manifold of the present system is provided with sealable access passages 34 that can be opened from below via hinged doors to remove the dirt and rocks before they adversely affect air flow through openings 33. In prior art gasifier designs, it is generally necessary to shut down the entire system and remove the table to access and clean out the manifold chambers.
Manifold chambers 32 extend from adjacent central opening 20 to a region short of the table edge to define an annular zone 35 of no air supply adjacent the edge of table 10. Preferably zone 35 includes means for cooling the zone in the form of a sealed outer annular chamber 38 fillable with a cooling fluid such as air or water that can be continuously recirculated to maintain a lowered temperature.
Zone 35 with no air supply is provided at the edge of the table where clinkers (accumulations of dirt, rocks 21 ~8736 .
and sand) often tend to form. Not providing air at the edge of table 10 prevents the flow of air under the biomass bed 12 to the outer edge of the table. In conventional gasifiers, airflow in the relatively thin edge layers of the biomass combined with ash as fuel tends to create a blow torch effect that rapidly deteriorates the table edge and the ash removal system of the gasifier. Cooling of zone 35 acts to cause breakup of clinkers that do form for quick and efficient removal of the clinkers by the improved waste removal system of the present invention which will be described. In prototype testing, it has been determined that a cooled no air zone 35 that is approximately 8 inches wide works well.
When the gasifier unit is working under steady state conditions, biomass bed 12 smoulders and gasifies. The incomplete gasification that occurs in bed 12 is responsible for giving off incomplete products of combustion comprising gases with entrained fly ash.
These gases exit primary chamber 4 through discharge passage 42 as indicated by arrows 40 in Figure 1 for further processing in secondary chamber 46. Air supplied through manifold 16 is sufficient to provide enough oxygen to create gas production in the smouldering bed which ideally is flaming evenly only over its outermost layer. The interior of bed 12 is only incompletely gasified and gives off combustible gases in great volume.
The gases are mixed with only sufficient air provided through a plurality of ports 48 in side walls 7 to combust only that small portion of the gases that will maintain the temperature of the atmosphere in the primary chamber at a level sufficient to sustain the gasification process.
As biomass bed 12 is continually replenished by new biomass material, older material moves upwardly and -g outwardly to the outer surface of the bed in a continuous manner and chars as gases are released to create ash.
Foreign material in the biomass bed tends to form clinkers. The ashes and clinkers are waste material that must be removed from the primary chamber. The gasifier unit of the present invention includes a waste removal system to accomplish this task.
Figure 2 iS a section view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1 showing the waste removal system 17 of the present invention comprising a ring member 49 in primary chamber 4 mounted for rotatable movement in the annular channel 50 defined by the side walls and the floor of the chamber and raised table 10. As is conventional, ring member 49 is formed with internal teeth 52 adapted to 15 engage with drive gear 54 of motor 56 which is activated to rotate ring member 49 about an axis defined by central opening 20. A plurality of spaced plough members 55 are mounted on ring member 49 and, when ring member 49 is periodically rotated, ash and clinkers that accumulate in 20 channel 50 are pushed to a waste aperture 56 in the floor of the primary chamber and removed from the chamber.
With reference to Figures 1 and 2, it can be seen that two of the plough members 55 are formed with scraping member 60 that extend inwardly over the edge of 25 table 10. Scraping members 60 sweep ash from the edge of table 10 into channel 50 for disposal. As well, the scraping members tend to break off and break up clinkers that form at the table edge. Note that scraping members 60 operate in cooled zone 35 having no air supply.
Without a zone of no air supply in which to work, the scraping members would be rapidly destroyed by the blow torch effect previously described.
In the apparatus of the present invention, waste material that is pushed through waste aperture 56 enters , a waste handling system 18 for further processing.
Figures 1, 3 and 4 illustrate the component parts of waste handling system 18 which includes an enclosed waste passage 70 that extends from a dump bin 71 that receives 5 waste and ash by gravity from waste aperture 56. Within passage 70, there is an auger 72 that collects and moves waste clinkers and ash from dump bin 71 to a sealed gate 73. Waste material is held in dump bin 71 and passage 70 for further treatment and periodically dumped from passage 70 at gate 73 for collection and disposal at a waste site.
Figure 3 and 4 are detail views of auger 72 which includes an air supply system to supply air to the waste material retained by auger 72 for further gasification of the waste and ash. Auger 72 has a hollow shaft 75 defining a passage 76 that is supplied with air under pressure. The walls of passage 76 are formed with a plurality of air feed holes 78 to deliver air to the waste and ash held by auger 72. Providing air to the 20 waste ash permits further gasification of the material during the hold period. Carbon combustion of the ash occurs to convert the ash from a substantially carbon ash to a mineral ash.
As best shown in Figure 3, auger 72 is designed with 25 a flight pattern that varies along the length of shaft 75. Auger blades 80 are formed at a first smaller pitch in zone 82 at the end of the auger adjacent waste aperture 56. Preferably, air feed holes 78 are formed only in zone 82. A second larger pitch zone 84 is formed 30 at the end of auger 72 adjacent gate 73. The smaller pitch blades 80 tend to compact the loose waste and ash that falls into dump bin 71 from waste aperture 56 thereby acting to create a plug seal of material in auger 72. The waste handling system is in open communication 35 with primary chamber 4 via waste aperture 56 so that 21 ~8736 -waste ash and clinkers can be scraped and delivered to dump bin 71 as required. Therefore, a plug seal of waste passage 70 is necessary to permit maintenance of the entire gasifier system at a negative pressure as will be described in more detail. Gate 73 also serves to seal waste passage 70 to permit the entire gasifier system to be maintained at a negative pressure.
As is conventional, the gasifier unit of the present invention includes a secondary chamber 46 in communication with primary chamber 4 through discharge passage 42 as best shown in Figure 1. Secondary chamber 46 is generally cylindrical and discharge passage 42 enters chamber 46 at a tangent in order to promote the cyclonic flow of gases within the secondary chamber.
Secondary chamber 46 is lined with refractory material in a similar manner to the primary chamber. Additional air is added to the gases from primary chamber 4 through vent 90 to support total combustion and oxidation of the gases to maintain the temperature of the atmosphere in the secondary chamber into the range of 2200 to 2500 ~F. In secondary chamber 46, the gases from primary chamber 4 are also cleaned of entrained particulate matter to produce heated gases that support efficient final combustion and oxidation. The cleaning action of the gases is achieved due to the cyclonic flow of gases in the secondary chamber which causes entrained ash to move outwardly to the hot internal wall of the secondary chamber where the ash is combusted and oxidized or tends builds up as slag. In conventional gasifier units, build up of slag over time significantly reduces the volume of the secondary chamber and the gasifier unit has to be shut down periodically for cleaning.
The secondary chamber of the gasifier unit of the present invention is provided with a collection chamber 100 for particulates and slag to avoid the foregoing ~ a~36 _ problem of slag build up in the secondary chamber.
Collection chamber 100 is a generally vertically aligned cylinder that is removably attachable below the secondary chamber by coupling 102. Collection chamber 100 communicates with secondary chamber 46 via a passage 104 formed with a lip 106 that protrudes into the secondary chamber to direct a portion of the high velocity cyclonic flow 108 from the secondary chamber into the collection chamber where lower flow velocity causes deposition and collection of particulates in the collection chamber.
Any molten slag that develops in the secondary chamber also tends to drain into collection chamber 100. The result is that secondary chamber 46 does not clog with slag material so that efficient gas flow through the chamber is maintained.
To further improve gas flow through the gasifier unit of the present invention, means for maintaining the primary and secondary chamber at a negative pressure are provided in the form of a fan unit 110 positioned downstream of the secondary chamber in exhaust stack 113 to maintain a negative pressure of at least .05 atmospheric pressure in the primary and secondary chambers in order to induce gas flow through the chambers. The sealed condition of the waste handling system 18 permits dumping of collected waste and ash while maintaining negative pressure throughout the gasifier chambers.
Although the present invention has been described in some detail by way of example for purposes of clarity and understanding, it will be apparent that certain changes and modifications may be practised within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (34)
1. A system for gasifying organic biomass material to produce combustible gases comprising:
an enclosed primary heating chamber having a top wall, side walls and a floor with a raised table for supporting a bed of biomass material and a generally central opening in the table;
a conveyor system for delivering biomass material through the central opening to create and maintain the biomass material in a generally frustoconically shaped mass on the table;
an air supply manifold below the table for delivering air upwardly through the bed from adjacent the central opening to the edges of the table, the manifold being dimensioned to define an annular zone of no air supply adjacent the edge of the table;
a waste removal system adjacent the perimeter of the table to remove ash and waste from the primary chamber including inwardly extending scraping members positioned over the edges of the table to scrape material from the annular zone of no air supply into the ash removal system;
a discharge passage in the chamber for release of gases produced by the bed;
a secondary chamber in communication with the discharge passage for heating the gases from the discharge passage and establishing a cyclonic flow of gases to remove suspended particulates from the flow to produce a flow of hot combustible gases; and means for maintaining the primary and secondary chamber at a negative pressure.
an enclosed primary heating chamber having a top wall, side walls and a floor with a raised table for supporting a bed of biomass material and a generally central opening in the table;
a conveyor system for delivering biomass material through the central opening to create and maintain the biomass material in a generally frustoconically shaped mass on the table;
an air supply manifold below the table for delivering air upwardly through the bed from adjacent the central opening to the edges of the table, the manifold being dimensioned to define an annular zone of no air supply adjacent the edge of the table;
a waste removal system adjacent the perimeter of the table to remove ash and waste from the primary chamber including inwardly extending scraping members positioned over the edges of the table to scrape material from the annular zone of no air supply into the ash removal system;
a discharge passage in the chamber for release of gases produced by the bed;
a secondary chamber in communication with the discharge passage for heating the gases from the discharge passage and establishing a cyclonic flow of gases to remove suspended particulates from the flow to produce a flow of hot combustible gases; and means for maintaining the primary and secondary chamber at a negative pressure.
2. A system as claimed in claim 1 in which the air supply manifold comprises a plurality of concentric annular chambers in communication with a source of pressurized air, each annular chamber being formed with a series of air feed openings to deliver air through the bed of biomass material at a velocity that does not disturb the bed.
3. A system as claimed in claim 2 in which the zone of no air supply includes means for cooling the zone.
4. A system as claimed in claim 3 in which the means for cooling comprises a sealed outer annular chamber fillable with a fluid to cool the outermost annular perimeter region of the bed on the table.
5. A system as claimed in claim 2 in which the chambers are formed with sealable clean out passages to permit removal of material that accumulates in the chambers.
6. A system as claimed in claim 4 in which the fluid is air.
7. A system as claimed in claim 4 in which the fluid is water.
8. A system as claimed in claim 1 in which the zone of no air supply is at least 8 inches wide.
9. A system as claimed in claim 1 in which the waste removal system comprises:
a ring member in the primary chamber mounted for rotatable movement in the annular channel defined by the side walls of the chamber, the floor of the chamber and the raised table;
a plurality of spaced plough members mounted on the ring member; and a waste aperture in the floor of the primary chamber whereby periodic rotary movement of the ring member in the annular channel causes the plough members to push waste and ash to the waste aperture.
a ring member in the primary chamber mounted for rotatable movement in the annular channel defined by the side walls of the chamber, the floor of the chamber and the raised table;
a plurality of spaced plough members mounted on the ring member; and a waste aperture in the floor of the primary chamber whereby periodic rotary movement of the ring member in the annular channel causes the plough members to push waste and ash to the waste aperture.
10. A system as claimed in claim 9 in which at least one of the plough members is formed with a scraping member.
11. A system as claimed in claim 9 in which the waste aperture communicates with a waste handling system including a sealed waste conveyor with an air supply system for further gasification of the waste and ash.
12. A system as claimed in claim 1 in which the conveyor system includes a portion that extends upwardly into the base of the frustoconically shaped mass to push new biomass material outwardly from the central opening.
13. A system as claimed in claim 1 in which the means for maintaining the primary and secondary chamber at a negative pressure comprises a fan unit positioned after the secondary chamber to maintain a negative pressure of at least .05 atmospheric pressure in the primary and secondary chambers to induce gas flow through the chambers.
14. A system for gasifying organic biomass material to produce combustible gases comprising:
an enclosed primary heating chamber having a top wall, side walls and a floor with a raised table for supporting a bed of biomass material and a generally central opening in the table;
a conveyor system for delivering biomass material through the central opening to create and maintain the biomass material in a generally frustoconically shaped mass on the table;
an air supply manifold below the table for delivering air upwardly through the bed from adjacent the central opening to the edges of the table;
a waste removal system adjacent the perimeter of the table to remove ash and waste from the primary chamber;
a waste handling system for further gasification of the waste and ash;
a discharge passage in the chamber for release of gases produced by the bed;
a secondary chamber in communication with the discharge passage for heating the gases from the discharge passage and establishing a cyclonic flow of gases to remove suspended particulates from the flow to produce a flow of hot combustible gases; and means for maintaining the primary and secondary chamber at a negative pressure.
an enclosed primary heating chamber having a top wall, side walls and a floor with a raised table for supporting a bed of biomass material and a generally central opening in the table;
a conveyor system for delivering biomass material through the central opening to create and maintain the biomass material in a generally frustoconically shaped mass on the table;
an air supply manifold below the table for delivering air upwardly through the bed from adjacent the central opening to the edges of the table;
a waste removal system adjacent the perimeter of the table to remove ash and waste from the primary chamber;
a waste handling system for further gasification of the waste and ash;
a discharge passage in the chamber for release of gases produced by the bed;
a secondary chamber in communication with the discharge passage for heating the gases from the discharge passage and establishing a cyclonic flow of gases to remove suspended particulates from the flow to produce a flow of hot combustible gases; and means for maintaining the primary and secondary chamber at a negative pressure.
15. A system as claimed in claim 14 in which the waste removal system comprises:
a ring member in the primary chamber mounted for rotatable movement in the annular channel defined by the side walls of the chamber, the floor of the chamber and the raised table;
a plurality of spaced plough members mounted on the ring member; and a waste aperture in the floor of the primary chamber communicating with the waste handling system whereby periodic rotary movement of the ring member in the annular channel causes the plough members to push waste and ash to the waste aperture.
a ring member in the primary chamber mounted for rotatable movement in the annular channel defined by the side walls of the chamber, the floor of the chamber and the raised table;
a plurality of spaced plough members mounted on the ring member; and a waste aperture in the floor of the primary chamber communicating with the waste handling system whereby periodic rotary movement of the ring member in the annular channel causes the plough members to push waste and ash to the waste aperture.
16. A system as claimed in claim 15 in which the air supply manifold is dimensioned to define an annular zone of no air supply adjacent the edge of the table.
17. A system as claimed in claim 16 in which at least one of the plough members is formed with an inwardly extending scraping member positioned over the edge of the table to scrape material from the annular zone of no air supply into the ash removal system.
18. A system as claimed in claim 16 in which the air supply manifold comprises a plurality of concentric annular chambers in communication with a source of pressurized air, each annular chamber being formed with a series of air feed openings to deliver air through the bed of biomass material at a velocity that does not disturb the bed.
19. A system as claimed in claim 18 in which the chambers are formed with sealable clean out passages to permit removal of material that accumulates in the chambers.
20. A system as claimed in claim 16 in which the zone of no air supply includes means for cooling the zone.
21. A system as claimed in claim 20 in which the means for cooling comprises a sealed outer annular chamber fillable with a fluid to cool the outermost annular perimeter region of the bed on the table.
22. A system as claimed in claim 21 in which the fluid is air.
23. A system as claimed in claim 21 in which the fluid is water.
24. A system as claimed in claim 16 in which the zone of no air supply is at least 8 inches wide.
25. A system as claimed in claim 15 in which the waste handling system comprises:
an enclosed waste conveyor defining a dump bin to receive waste and ash from the waste aperture of the primary chamber;
an air supply system to supply air for further gasification of the waste and ash; and a gate for sealing the waste conveyor and permitting periodic dumping of waste and ash.
an enclosed waste conveyor defining a dump bin to receive waste and ash from the waste aperture of the primary chamber;
an air supply system to supply air for further gasification of the waste and ash; and a gate for sealing the waste conveyor and permitting periodic dumping of waste and ash.
26. A system as claimed in claim 24 in which the enclosed waste conveyor includes an auger having a shaft and blades formed on the shaft to have a first smaller pitch adjacent the waste aperture and a second larger pitch adjacent the gate end of the conveyor, the smaller pitch blades tending to compact the loose waste and ash from the waste aperture.
27. A system as claimed in claim 26 in which the air supply system is formed in the shaft of the auger and comprises a passage therethrough to supply air and an array of air feed holes in the shaft to deliver air to the waste and ash in the enclosed conveyor for further gasification of the waste and ash.
28. A system as claimed in claim 25 in which the the means for maintaining the primary and secondary chamber at a negative pressure comprises a fan unit positioned after the secondary chamber to maintain a negative pressure of at least .05 atmospheric pressure in the primary and secondary chambers to induce gas flow through the chambers.
29. A system as claimed in claim 28 in which the enclosed conveyor system is in open communication with the primary chamber via the waste aperture and is maintained at substantially the same negative pressure as the primary and secondary chambers.
30. A system for gasifying organic biomass material to produce combustible gases comprising:
an enclosed primary heating chamber having a top wall, side walls and a floor with a raised table for supporting a bed of biomass material and a generally central opening in the table;
a conveyor system for delivering biomass material through the central opening to create and maintain the biomass material in a generally frustoconically shaped mass on the table;
an air supply manifold below the table for delivering air upwardly through the bed from adjacent the central opening to the edges of the table;
a waste removal system adjacent the perimeter of the table to remove ash and waste from the primary chamber;
a discharge passage in the chamber for release of gases produced by the bed;
a secondary chamber in communication with the discharge passage for heating the gases from the discharge passage and establishing a cyclonic flow of gases to remove suspended particulates from the flow to produce a flow of hot combustible gases;
means for maintaining the primary and secondary chamber at a negative pressure.
an enclosed primary heating chamber having a top wall, side walls and a floor with a raised table for supporting a bed of biomass material and a generally central opening in the table;
a conveyor system for delivering biomass material through the central opening to create and maintain the biomass material in a generally frustoconically shaped mass on the table;
an air supply manifold below the table for delivering air upwardly through the bed from adjacent the central opening to the edges of the table;
a waste removal system adjacent the perimeter of the table to remove ash and waste from the primary chamber;
a discharge passage in the chamber for release of gases produced by the bed;
a secondary chamber in communication with the discharge passage for heating the gases from the discharge passage and establishing a cyclonic flow of gases to remove suspended particulates from the flow to produce a flow of hot combustible gases;
means for maintaining the primary and secondary chamber at a negative pressure.
31. A system as claimed in claim 30 in which the secondary chamber includes a collection chamber for particulates.
32. A system as claimed in claim 31 in which the collection chamber is removably attachable to the secondary chamber.
33. A system as claimed in claim 32 in which the collection chamber is attachable below the secondary chamber and communicates with the secondary chamber via a passage formed with a lip that protrudes into the secondary chamber to direct a portion of high velocity cyclonic flow from the secondary chamber into the collection chamber where lower flow velocity causes deposition and collection of particulates.
34. A system for gasifying organic biomass material to produce combustible gases comprising:
an enclosed primary heating chamber having a top wall, side walls and a floor with a raised table for supporting a bed of biomass material and a generally central opening in the table;
a conveyor system for delivering biomass material through the central opening to create and maintain the biomass material in a generally frustoconically shaped mass on the table, the conveyor system including a portion that extends upwardly into the base of the frustoconically shaped mass to push new biomass material outwardly from the central opening;
an air supply manifold below the table for delivering air upwardly through the bed from adjacent the central opening to the edges of the table, the manifold being dimensioned to define an annular zone of no air supply adjacent the edge of the table;
a waste removal system adjacent the perimeter of the table to remove ash and waste from the primary chamber including inwardly extending scraping members positioned over the edges of the table to scrape material from the annular zone of no air supply into the ash removal system;
a waste handling system to receive waste from the removal system including a sealed waste conveyor with an air supply system for further gasification of the waste and ash;
a discharge passage in the chamber for release of gases produced by the bed;
a secondary chamber in communication with the discharge passage for heating the gases from the discharge passage and establishing a cyclonic flow of gases to remove suspended particulates from the flow to produce a flow of hot combustible gases, the secondary chamber including a collection chamber for particulates;
and means for maintaining the primary and secondary chamber at a negative pressure.
an enclosed primary heating chamber having a top wall, side walls and a floor with a raised table for supporting a bed of biomass material and a generally central opening in the table;
a conveyor system for delivering biomass material through the central opening to create and maintain the biomass material in a generally frustoconically shaped mass on the table, the conveyor system including a portion that extends upwardly into the base of the frustoconically shaped mass to push new biomass material outwardly from the central opening;
an air supply manifold below the table for delivering air upwardly through the bed from adjacent the central opening to the edges of the table, the manifold being dimensioned to define an annular zone of no air supply adjacent the edge of the table;
a waste removal system adjacent the perimeter of the table to remove ash and waste from the primary chamber including inwardly extending scraping members positioned over the edges of the table to scrape material from the annular zone of no air supply into the ash removal system;
a waste handling system to receive waste from the removal system including a sealed waste conveyor with an air supply system for further gasification of the waste and ash;
a discharge passage in the chamber for release of gases produced by the bed;
a secondary chamber in communication with the discharge passage for heating the gases from the discharge passage and establishing a cyclonic flow of gases to remove suspended particulates from the flow to produce a flow of hot combustible gases, the secondary chamber including a collection chamber for particulates;
and means for maintaining the primary and secondary chamber at a negative pressure.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US64282196A | 1996-05-03 | 1996-05-03 | |
| US08/642,821 | 1996-05-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2188736A1 true CA2188736A1 (en) | 1997-11-04 |
Family
ID=24578166
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002188736A Abandoned CA2188736A1 (en) | 1996-05-03 | 1996-10-24 | Gasifier system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2188736A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102269403A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2011-12-07 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Straw fuel suspension combustion furnace |
| WO2012082026A1 (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-06-21 | Lars Johansson | Method and device comprising two feeding screws for continuously operating a pyrolysis reactor |
| EP2522707A3 (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2013-05-22 | Bernd Joos | Device for creating a flammable gas mixture |
| WO2013110981A1 (en) | 2012-01-24 | 2013-08-01 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | Rotary plough for gasifiers |
| CZ305706B6 (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-02-10 | Univerzita Jana Evangelisty Purkyně V Ústí Nad Labem | Apparatus for biomass gasification and subsequent purification of synthesis gas |
| WO2019097326A1 (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-05-23 | Universidad Pedagogica Y Tecnologica De Colombia Uptc | Gasification of carbonaceous matter biomass mixture and coal using a cyclone-type forced flow furnace |
| CN111076186A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-04-28 | 胡从英 | Automatic straw conveying and incinerating equipment |
-
1996
- 1996-10-24 CA CA002188736A patent/CA2188736A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012082026A1 (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-06-21 | Lars Johansson | Method and device comprising two feeding screws for continuously operating a pyrolysis reactor |
| EP2522707A3 (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2013-05-22 | Bernd Joos | Device for creating a flammable gas mixture |
| CN102269403A (en) * | 2011-07-06 | 2011-12-07 | 农业部规划设计研究院 | Straw fuel suspension combustion furnace |
| WO2013110981A1 (en) | 2012-01-24 | 2013-08-01 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | Rotary plough for gasifiers |
| CZ305706B6 (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2016-02-10 | Univerzita Jana Evangelisty Purkyně V Ústí Nad Labem | Apparatus for biomass gasification and subsequent purification of synthesis gas |
| WO2019097326A1 (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-05-23 | Universidad Pedagogica Y Tecnologica De Colombia Uptc | Gasification of carbonaceous matter biomass mixture and coal using a cyclone-type forced flow furnace |
| CN111076186A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-04-28 | 胡从英 | Automatic straw conveying and incinerating equipment |
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