CN111412467A

CN111412467A - Household garbage treatment system and method based on pyrolysis gasifier and tunnel brick kiln

Info

Publication number: CN111412467A
Application number: CN202010259024.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈秋松
Original assignee: Chongqing Qiusong Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Qiusong Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-04-03
Filing date: 2020-04-03
Publication date: 2020-07-14

Abstract

The invention relates to a household garbage treatment system based on a pyrolysis gasifier and a tunnel brick kiln, which comprises a feeding drying device, the pyrolysis gasifier, a brick making system and the tunnel kiln, wherein the tunnel kiln comprises a preheating section, a combustion section and a cooling section, a first exhaust port of the preheating section is communicated with an air inlet of the feeding drying device, an air outlet of the feeding drying device is communicated with a first air inlet of the combustion section, a second air outlet of the preheating section is communicated with an air inlet of a pyrolysis gasifier, an exhaust port of the pyrolysis gasifier is communicated with a second air inlet of the combustion section, the temperature of the combustion section is controlled to be 1000 ℃, and a connecting pipeline between the combustion section and the pyrolysis gasifier is also connected with an air supply pipeline. The invention provides a household garbage treatment system and method based on a pyrolysis gasifier and a tunnel brick kiln, which can thoroughly remove dioxin generated by garbage combustion, can recycle generated ash, and has high harmless conversion rate.

Description

Household garbage treatment system and method based on pyrolysis gasifier and tunnel brick kiln

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of household garbage treatment, in particular to a household garbage treatment system and method based on a pyrolysis gasification furnace and a tunnel brick kiln.

Background

At present, the quantity of municipal solid waste is increasing day by day, how to effectively treat the municipal solid waste becomes urgent, the common treatment mode is landfill and incineration, but the land occupation area is large after the municipal solid waste is filled, penetrating fluid generated by improper treatment not only causes serious pollution to soil and underground water, but also odor generated by fermentation causes pollution to air; although the floor area is reduced by adopting the incineration mode, a large amount of stink and even toxic gas can be released in the incineration process, and a large amount of dust and fine particles are generated at the same time, so that the environment can be damaged.

At present, the other treatment mode is pyrolysis gasification, combustible household garbage is pyrolyzed and gasified mainly through a pyrolysis gasification furnace, and compared with landfill and incineration, pyrolysis gasification has the advantages of high harmless conversion rate, small secondary pollution and the like, but pyrolysis gasification also has the problems that the procedure is relatively complex, gases such as dioxin are not thoroughly treated, and generated ash cannot be effectively utilized.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a household garbage treatment system and a method based on a pyrolysis gasification furnace and a tunnel brick kiln, which can thoroughly remove dioxin generated by garbage combustion, can recycle generated ash and slag, and has high harmless conversion rate.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention firstly provides a domestic garbage disposal system based on a pyrolysis gasifier and a tunnel brick kiln, comprising a loading drying device, a pyrolysis gasifier, a brick making system and a tunnel kiln, wherein a feed inlet of the pyrolysis gasifier corresponds to a discharge port of the loading drying device, a feed inlet of the brick making system corresponds to a slag discharge port of the pyrolysis gasifier, and a feed inlet of the tunnel kiln corresponds to a discharge port of the brick making system, wherein the tunnel kiln comprises a preheating section, a combustion section and a cooling section, a first exhaust port of the preheating section is communicated with an air inlet of the loading drying device, an air outlet of the loading drying device is communicated with a first air inlet of the combustion section, a second air outlet of the preheating section is communicated with an air inlet of the pyrolysis gasifier, an air outlet of the pyrolysis gasifier is communicated with a second air inlet of the combustion section, the temperature of the combustion section is controlled to be 1000 ℃, and a connecting pipeline between the combustion section and the pyrolysis gasification furnace is also connected with an air supply pipeline.

Preferably, pyrolysis gasifier includes the furnace body the upper end of furnace body reserve have with the gas vent that the burning section corresponds and with the material loading mouth that material loading drying device corresponds, the bottom of furnace body is provided with rotatable formula scarfing cinder chassis, reserve in the scarfing cinder chassis and have inlet channel, its inside fire grate structure that is provided with, the fire grate structure stretches into in the furnace body, its outer wall with form the row's ash clearance that supplies the lime-ash to pass through between the inner wall of furnace body.

Preferably, the slag removal chassis comprises a basin body fixedly connected with the grate structure and a basin seat fixedly connected to the lower end of the basin body, the basin seat is disc-shaped, a plurality of vertically arranged hinge pins are uniformly distributed on the outer side wall of the basin seat, a rotating mechanism is further arranged at the lower end of the basin seat, a tooth poking device matched with the hinge pins is arranged on the basin seat, and the basin seat rotates along the rotating mechanism by poking the hinge pins through the tooth poking device.

Preferably, the rotating mechanism comprises an annular guide rail arranged at the lower end of the pot body, and the annular guide rail can be matched with a supporting platform with rollers to enable the pot body to rotate along the central shaft of the pot body.

Preferably, a large ash knife is further arranged between the outer wall of the furnace body and the inner wall of the pot body.

Preferably, the feeding drying device comprises a transmission casing and a support frame, the transmission casing is obliquely arranged on the support frame, the feeding end of the transmission casing is lower than the discharging end of the transmission casing, a spiral blade is arranged in the transmission casing, the spiral blade drives the transmission casing to rotate through a driving motor, and a drying and circulating flue gas system is further arranged on the transmission casing.

Preferably, the drying and circulating flue gas system comprises a flue gas circulating cavity arranged on the inner wall of the transmission casing, the gas inlet end and the gas outlet end of the flue gas circulating cavity are respectively communicated with the preheating section and the combustion section, and a baffle plate is arranged in the flue gas circulating cavity.

Preferably, a secondary air inlet pipeline is communicated with a connecting pipeline of the feeding drying device and the preheating section, and an air outlet end of the secondary air inlet pipeline is communicated with an inner cavity of the furnace body.

Preferably, a cyclone dust removal system is further arranged on a connecting pipeline between the pyrolysis gasification furnace and the preheating section, and an ash discharge port of the cyclone dust removal system corresponds to a feeding port of the brick making system.

Based on the structure of the household garbage treatment system of the pyrolysis gasification furnace and the tunnel brick kiln, the invention also provides a household garbage treatment method, which comprises the following steps;

s1: screening and feeding: conveying the sorted combustible garbage to a pyrolysis gasification furnace through a feeding drying device;

s2: preheating raw materials: conveying hot flue gas at the preheating section of the tunnel kiln to a loading drying device for pre-drying garbage conveyed in the loading drying device, and conveying the hot flue gas after heat exchange to a combustion section of the tunnel kiln for purification treatment;

s3: pyrolysis and gasification: the heat required by the reaction of the pyrolysis gasifier is provided by high-temperature flue gas fed in from the preheating section of the tunnel kiln, air enters the furnace body to support combustion, and hot flue gas in the combustion section of the tunnel kiln is fed into the pyrolysis gasifier for preheating;

s4: and (3) pyrolysis gas dedusting and purifying: a cyclone dust removal system is also arranged on a connecting pipeline between the pyrolysis gasifier and the combustion section of the tunnel kiln, and the pyrolysis gas is sent into the combustion section of the tunnel kiln after being subjected to dust removal by the cyclone dust removal system;

s5: making green bricks: ash slag for brick making can be generated in the steps S1, S3 and S4, the ash slag is made into adobes in a brick making system, and the adobes are sent into a preheating section of a tunnel kiln for drying;

s6: and (3) sintering green bricks: the dried green bricks are sent into a combustion section of a tunnel kiln for sintering, and pyrolysis gas sent into the combustion section by a pyrolysis gasification furnace is used as fuel required by the sintered green bricks;

s7: cooling the brick: sending the sintered bricks into a cooling section of a tunnel kiln for cooling and then sending out;

s8: emptying: and discharging the pyrolysis gas after the pyrolysis gas is fully combusted in the combustion section through the emptying of the cooling section of the tunnel kiln.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the loading drying device can primarily dry the garbage by using high-heat flue gas generated in the tunnel kiln, so that the pyrolysis gasification efficiency is improved;

2. pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis gasifier enters a brick making tunnel kiln for full combustion after cyclone dust removal, the combustion temperature is controlled to be about 1000 ℃, dioxin generated before can be destroyed and controlled in a very low concentration range, and reducing pollutants generated by the gasifier are oxidized into NO_X、SO₂And HCl;

3. after the green bricks prepared by the brick making system enter the tunnel kiln, CaO contained in the components of the green bricks can absorb dioxin in pyrolysis gas, so that the content and toxicity equivalent of the dioxin are obviously reduced;

4. the tunnel kiln alkaline material and the alkaline environment have good inhibition effect on generation and emission of dioxin.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a main structure view of a household garbage disposal system according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a view showing the structure of the main body of the pyrolysis gasifier of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a main structure view of the slag removing chassis of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a main structure diagram of the charging and drying apparatus of the present invention.

Wherein: 1-feeding drying device, 2-pyrolysis gasification furnace, 3-brick making system, 4-tunnel kiln, 401-preheating section, 402-combustion section, 403-cooling section, 5-air supply pipeline, 201-furnace body, 202-slag removing chassis, 203-grate structure, 204-pot body, 205-pot seat, 206-pin shaft, 207-large ash knife, 208-tooth poking device, 209-annular guide rail, 210-roller, 211-supporting table, 101-transmission shell, 102-helical blade, 103-driving motor, 104-flue gas circulation cavity, 105-supporting frame, 106-baffle plate, 6-secondary air supply pipeline and 7-cyclone dust removal system.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, which are included to illustrate and not to limit the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the present invention firstly provides a household garbage disposal system based on a pyrolysis gasifier 2 and a tunnel brick kiln, which comprises a loading drying device 1, a pyrolysis gasifier 2, a brick making system 3 and a tunnel kiln 4, wherein a feed inlet of the pyrolysis gasifier 2 corresponds to a discharge outlet of the loading drying device 1, a feed inlet of the brick making system 3 corresponds to a slag discharge outlet of the pyrolysis gasifier 2, and a feed inlet of the tunnel kiln 4 corresponds to a discharge outlet of the brick making system 3, wherein the tunnel kiln 4 comprises a preheating section 401, a combustion section 402 and a cooling section 403, a first exhaust port of the preheating section 401 is communicated with an air inlet of the loading drying device 1, an air outlet of the loading drying device 1 is communicated with a first air inlet of the combustion section 402, a second air outlet of the preheating section 401 is communicated with an air inlet of the pyrolysis gasifier 2, the exhaust port of the pyrolysis gasifier 2 is communicated with the second air inlet of the combustion section 402, the temperature of the combustion section 402 is controlled at 1000 ℃, and a connecting pipeline between the combustion section 402 and the pyrolysis gasifier 2 is also connected with an air supply pipeline 5.

In the embodiment, the loading drying device 1 can primarily dry the garbage by using high-heat flue gas generated in the tunnel kiln 4, so that the pyrolysis and gasification efficiency is improved; pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis gasifier 2 enters the brick making tunnel kiln 4 for full combustion after cyclone dust removal, the combustion temperature is controlled to be about 1000 ℃, dioxin generated before can be destroyed to be controlled in a very low concentration range, and reducing pollutants generated by the gasifier are oxidized into NO_X、SO₂And HCl; after the green bricks prepared by the brick making system 3 enter the tunnel kiln 4, CaO contained in the components can absorb dioxin in pyrolysis gas, so that the content of the dioxin and the toxicity equivalent are obviously reduced; tunnelThe alkaline material and the alkaline environment of the kiln 4 have good inhibition effect on the generation and the emission of dioxin.

As shown in fig. 2, specifically, pyrolysis gasifier 2 includes furnace body 201 the upper end of furnace body 201 reserve have with the gas vent that combustion section 402 corresponds and with the material loading mouth that material loading drying device 1 corresponds, the bottom of furnace body 201 is provided with rotatable formula scarfing cinder chassis 202, reserve in the scarfing cinder chassis 202 and have inlet channel, its inside is provided with grate structure 203, grate structure 203 stretches into in the furnace body 201, its outer wall with form the row's ash clearance that supplies the lime-ash to pass through between the inner wall of furnace body 201.

In this embodiment, set up rotatable formula scarfing cinder chassis 202, the lime-ash that the domestic waste pyrolysis back produced moves the row's ash clearance that forms between furnace body 201 inner wall and the grate structure 203 of pyrolysis gasifier 2 under the dead weight effect, and grate structure 203 bold lime-ash all around produces relative motion with furnace body 201 inner wall, can grind the breakage with bold lime-ash to prevent that the lime-ash from piling up and blockking up the sediment export of arranging, arrange the sediment effect and showing.

As shown in fig. 3, specifically, the slag removal chassis 202 includes a basin 204 fixedly connected to the grate structure 203 and a basin seat 205 fixedly connected to a lower end of the basin 204, the basin seat 205 is disc-shaped, a plurality of vertically arranged pins 206 are uniformly distributed on an outer side wall of the basin seat 205, a rotating mechanism is further disposed at a lower end of the basin seat 205, a tooth shifting device 208 matched with the pins 206 is disposed opposite to the basin seat 205, and the pins 206 are shifted by the tooth shifting device 208 so that the basin seat 205 rotates along the rotating mechanism.

In the embodiment, the tooth shifting device 208 is matched with the pin shafts 206 uniformly distributed on the basin seat 205, so that a large amount of slag and heat generated by pyrolysis of garbage cannot influence the driving machine driving the basin body 204 to rotate, and therefore the driving mechanism is good in wear resistance, convenient to overhaul and maintain, low in cost and long in service life.

Specifically, the rotating mechanism includes a ring-shaped guide 209 disposed at the lower end of the tub 204, and the ring-shaped guide 209 is capable of cooperating with a support 211 having a roller 210 to rotate the tub 204 along its central axis.

As shown in fig. 2, in particular, a large ash knife 207 is further disposed between the outer wall of the furnace body 201 and the inner wall of the pot 204.

In this embodiment, the rotation of the basin 204 causes the ash to be discharged from the basin 204 through the ash knife 207 and then to enter the brick making system 3 through the first conveyor.

As shown in fig. 4, further, the feeding and drying device 1 includes a transmission housing 101 and a support frame 105, the transmission housing 101 is obliquely disposed on the support frame 105, a feeding end of the transmission housing 101 is lower than a discharging end of the transmission housing, a helical blade 102 is disposed in the transmission housing 101, the helical blade 102 is driven by a driving motor 103 to rotate, and a drying and circulating flue gas system is further disposed on the transmission housing 101.

Specifically, the dry circulating flue gas system comprises a flue gas circulating cavity 104 arranged on the inner wall of the transmission casing 101, wherein the gas inlet end and the gas outlet end of the flue gas circulating cavity 104 are respectively communicated with the preheating section 401 and the combustion section 402, and a baffle plate 106 is arranged in the flue gas circulating cavity.

In this embodiment, through set up dry circulation flue gas system in the inner chamber of transmission casing 101, in the use, the flue gas that preheating section 401 discharged has the temperature that can reach 200 ℃, consequently can get into dry circulation flue gas system from this dry circulation flue gas system's entry as the heat source in to the rubbish that transports in the heating casing inner chamber, the moisture evaporation in the messenger rubbish reaches the effect of carrying on transportation and drying simultaneously, thereby reduces rubbish moisture, promotes pyrolysis gasifier 2 and gets pyrolysis gasification efficiency.

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a secondary air inlet pipeline 6 is further connected to a connection pipeline between the feeding and drying device 1 and the preheating section 401, and an air outlet end of the secondary air inlet pipeline 6 is communicated with an inner cavity of the furnace body 201.

In the present embodiment, the hot flue gas in the combustion section 402 of the tunnel kiln 4 can be fed into the body 201 of the pyrolysis gasifier 2 through the secondary air inlet pipeline 6 for preheating the waste.

As shown in fig. 1, further, a cyclone dust removal system 7 is further disposed on the connecting pipeline between the pyrolysis gasifier 2 and the preheating section 401, and an ash discharge port of the cyclone dust removal system 7 corresponds to a feeding port of the brick making system 3.

Based on the structure of the household garbage treatment system of the pyrolysis gasification furnace 2 and the tunnel brick kiln, the invention also provides a household garbage treatment method, which comprises the following steps;

s1: screening and feeding: conveying the sorted combustible garbage to a pyrolysis gasifier 2 through a feeding drying device 1;

s2: preheating raw materials: conveying hot flue gas at a preheating section 401 of the tunnel kiln 4 to the feeding drying device 1 for pre-drying the garbage conveyed in the feeding drying device 1, and conveying the hot flue gas after heat exchange to a combustion section 402 of the tunnel kiln 4 for purification treatment;

s3: pyrolysis and gasification: the heat required by the reaction of the pyrolysis gasifier 2 is provided by the high-temperature flue gas fed from the preheating section 401 of the tunnel kiln 4, air enters the furnace body 201 for supporting combustion, and the hot flue gas in the combustion section 402 of the tunnel kiln 4 is fed into the pyrolysis gasifier 2 for preheating;

s4: and (3) pyrolysis gas dedusting and purifying: a cyclone dust removal system 7 is also arranged on a connecting pipeline between the pyrolysis gasifier 2 and the combustion section 402 of the tunnel kiln 4, and the pyrolysis gas is dedusted by the cyclone dust removal system 7 and then is sent to the combustion section 402 of the tunnel kiln 4;

s5: making green bricks: ash slag for brick making can be generated in the steps S1, S3 and S4, the ash slag is made into green bricks in the brick making system 3, and the green bricks are sent into the preheating section 401 of the tunnel kiln 4 for drying;

s6: and (3) sintering green bricks: the dried green bricks are sent into a combustion section 402 of a tunnel kiln 4 for sintering, and pyrolysis gas sent into the combustion section 402 from a pyrolysis gasification furnace 2 is used as fuel required by the sintered green bricks;

s7: cooling the brick: sending the sintered bricks into a cooling section 403 of a tunnel kiln 4 for cooling and then sending out;

s8: emptying: the pyrolysis gas fully combusted in the combustion section 402 is discharged through the cooling section 403 of the tunnel kiln 4.

Finally, it should be noted that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art should also make changes, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a domestic waste processing system based on pyrolysis gasifier and tunnel brickkiln which characterized in that: comprises a feeding drying device, a pyrolysis gasifier, a brick making system and a tunnel kiln, wherein a feed inlet of the pyrolysis gasifier corresponds to a discharge outlet of the feeding drying device, the feed inlet of the brick making system corresponds to the slag discharge port of the pyrolysis gasification furnace, the feed inlet of the tunnel kiln corresponds to the discharge port of the brick making system, wherein the tunnel kiln comprises a preheating section, a combustion section and a cooling section, a first exhaust port of the preheating section is communicated with an air inlet of the feeding drying device, the air outlet of the feeding drying device is communicated with the first air inlet of the combustion section, the second air outlet of the preheating section is communicated with the air inlet of the pyrolysis gasifier, the exhaust port of the pyrolysis gasifier is communicated with the second air inlet of the combustion section, the temperature of the combustion section is controlled to be 1000 ℃, and an air supply pipeline is further connected to a connecting pipeline between the combustion section and the pyrolysis gasifier.

2. The household garbage disposal system of claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis gasification furnace comprises a furnace body, an exhaust port corresponding to the combustion section and a feeding port corresponding to the feeding drying device are reserved at the upper end of the furnace body, a rotatable slag removal chassis is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, an air inlet channel is reserved in the slag removal chassis, a grate structure is arranged in the slag removal chassis, the grate structure extends into the furnace body, and an ash discharge gap for ash to pass through is formed between the outer wall of the grate structure and the inner wall of the furnace body.

3. The household garbage disposal system according to claim 2, wherein the slag removal chassis comprises a basin body fixedly connected with the grate structure and a basin seat fixedly connected to the lower end of the basin body, the basin seat is disc-shaped, a plurality of vertically arranged pins are uniformly distributed on the outer side wall of the basin seat, the lower end of the basin seat is further provided with a rotating mechanism, a tooth poking device matched with the pins is arranged opposite to the basin seat, and the pin is poked by the tooth poking device to enable the basin seat to rotate along the rotating mechanism.

4. The garbage disposal system of claim 2 or 3, wherein the rotation mechanism comprises a circular guide rail disposed at a lower end of the tub body, the circular guide rail being adapted to cooperate with a support base having rollers for rotating the tub body about a central axis thereof.

5. The household garbage disposal system of claim 4, wherein a large ash knife is further disposed between the outer wall of the furnace body and the inner wall of the basin body.

6. The household garbage disposal system according to claim 5, wherein the feeding and drying device comprises a conveying housing and a support frame, the conveying housing is obliquely arranged on the support frame, the feeding end of the conveying housing is lower than the discharging end of the conveying housing, a helical blade is arranged in the conveying housing, the helical blade is driven to rotate by a driving motor, and a drying and circulating flue gas system is further arranged on the conveying housing.

7. The household garbage disposal system of claim 6, wherein the dry circulation flue gas system comprises a flue gas circulation chamber disposed on an inner wall of the conveying housing, an inlet end and an outlet end of the flue gas circulation chamber are respectively communicated with the preheating section and the combustion section, and a baffle plate is disposed inside the flue gas circulation chamber.

8. The household garbage disposal system of claim 7, wherein a secondary air inlet pipeline is further communicated with a connecting pipeline of the feeding and drying device and the preheating section, and an air outlet end of the secondary air inlet pipeline is communicated with an inner cavity of the furnace body.

9. The household garbage treatment system according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein a cyclone dust removal system is further arranged on the connecting pipeline between the pyrolysis gasification furnace and the preheating section, and an ash discharge port of the cyclone dust removal system corresponds to a feeding port of the brick making system.

10. The household garbage disposal method based on the household garbage disposal system of claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of: