CA2188063A1 - Catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (h2s) to ammonium sulfate (nh4)2so4) in ammoniacal (nh3) solutions - Google Patents
Catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (h2s) to ammonium sulfate (nh4)2so4) in ammoniacal (nh3) solutionsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2188063A1 CA2188063A1 CA002188063A CA2188063A CA2188063A1 CA 2188063 A1 CA2188063 A1 CA 2188063A1 CA 002188063 A CA002188063 A CA 002188063A CA 2188063 A CA2188063 A CA 2188063A CA 2188063 A1 CA2188063 A1 CA 2188063A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- feed gas
- catalytic oxidation
- solutions
- reactor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/24—Sulfates of ammonium
- C01C1/245—Preparation from compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur
- C01C1/246—Preparation from compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur from sulfur-containing ammonium compounds
- C01C1/247—Preparation from compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur from sulfur-containing ammonium compounds by oxidation with free oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/28—Molybdenum
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
This invention is based on the catalytic, high pressure - moderate temperature oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) in ammoniacal (NH3) solutions by using air or oxygen (O2) as the oxidant. The present invention has significant commercial potential for the utilization of H2S, which is an alternative to the existing Claus processes which oxidizes H2S to elemental sulfur (S). This invention is considered as an alternative to the Claus process.
The present invention uses the inorganic or organic salts of the transition state elements as disposable or supported catalyst in homogeneous or heterogeneous phases.
The present invention covers a wide range of reactor operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, catalyst type, catalyst support material, catalyst concentration, feed gas flow rate, feed gas composition, feed gas temperature, reactor geometry, reactor operating mode (reactor steps, parallel or counter flow, fixed bed, fluid bed, spouted bed, batch, semi-batch, continuous flow, radial flow, plug flow, axially mixed-axial flow, recycle, etc.) for the catalytic oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 in ammoniacal (NH3) solutions.
The present invention uses the inorganic or organic salts of the transition state elements as disposable or supported catalyst in homogeneous or heterogeneous phases.
The present invention covers a wide range of reactor operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, catalyst type, catalyst support material, catalyst concentration, feed gas flow rate, feed gas composition, feed gas temperature, reactor geometry, reactor operating mode (reactor steps, parallel or counter flow, fixed bed, fluid bed, spouted bed, batch, semi-batch, continuous flow, radial flow, plug flow, axially mixed-axial flow, recycle, etc.) for the catalytic oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 in ammoniacal (NH3) solutions.
Description
Catalytic Oxidation of Hydro~en Sulfide (H2~
Ammonium Sulfate ((NH~)2SOl) in Ammoniacal (NH3) Solutions The present invention relates to catalytic, high pressure - moderate temperature oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) in ammoniacal (NH3) solutions by using air or oxygen (~2) as the oxidant. The present invention has a significant commercial potential for the utilization of H2S, which is an alternative to the existing Claus process which oxidizes H2S to elemental sulfur (S).
A large quantity of H2S is produced as a by-product of natural gas production, petroleum refining, as well as heavy oil and bitumen upgrading. It is predicted that H2S production will increase in the future as heavy oil and bitumen refining increases for the production of transportation fuel and integrated coal gasification combined cycle technology replaces the conventional coal combustion power generating technology.
H2S is hazardous to the environment, therefore it can not be discharged into theatmosphere. The common practice of handling H2S in the world as well as in Alberta, the oil capital of Canada, is converting H2S to elemental S for its safe disposal. The Claus process is used for this purpose, producing about 7 million tonnes of elemental S annually in Alberta, Canada alone.
The Claus process is based on gas phase oxidation of H2S to sulphur dioxide (SO2) by air, followed by the reaction between H2S and SO2 to form elemental S and steam (H2O). The following overall reaction represents the Claus process:
Reaction 1 H2S+0.5O2 ~ S+H20 ~H1~=-221.76kJ/mol.
In the Claus process, elemental S is produced from the oxidation of H2S which has a market value in the order of US $ 20 per metric tonne (mt).
Baki Ozum of Apex Engineering (a subsidiary of A & D International Ltd., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) and Douglas R. Hole of Lockerbie Ventures Limited, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada have invented an alternative process for the utilization of H2S. In this invention H2S is oxidized to (NH4)2SO4 in ammoniacal (NH3) solutions. The end product of the present invention is (NH4)2SO4 which has a market as fertilizer at about US $ 150 per metric tonne. A schematic of the present invention is presented in Figure 1.
The present invention is based on the catalytic oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 by air or ~2 The catalytic oxidation process is carried out in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions at high pressures (i.e. up to 5,000 kPa) and moderate temperatures (i.e. up to 100 ~C). In the present invention H2S is converted to (NH4)2SO4, which has a significant market as fertilizer. Using the present invention, combined US $ 50 worth of H2S (or S) and NH3 is converted to 1 tonne of (NH4)2SO4 which has a market value of US $ 150.
The present invention is based on the catalytic, high pressure-moderate temperature oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions, using air or ~2 as ,_ , , oxidant. The present invention has a commercial potential as an alternative to the conventional Claus process or any other oxidation process, which has the capacity to oxidize H2S to elemental sulfur (S).
In the Claus process sulfur S2 ions in H2S molecules are oxidized to elemental S, while in the present invention S2- ions in H2S molecules are oxidized to sulfate (So42- ) ions in which the sulfur atoms are in s6 ionic state. Oxidation of S2- to s6 requires a controlled reaction environment In terrns of catalysts, reactor hydrodynamics, reactor design, reactor orientation, reactor operating temperature and pressure.
The present invention uses the inorganic or organic salts of the transition state elements, such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) or their elemental forrns as disposable or supported catalysts, forming homogeneous or heterogeneous phases, to promote the oxidation of S2- to S6~.
The present invention considered the use of all kinds of catalyst support materials of inorganic, organic or composite types.
The present invention is based on a series of complex, simultaneous and consecutive processes both physical and chemical in nature. The following overall chemical reaction can be used to describe the process:
Reaction 2 H2S + 2NH3 + 202 ~ ~NH4)2SO4 ~H2~= - 977.79 kJ/mol In the present invention this reaction is carried out in an autoclave, under high pressure (i.e. up to 5,000 kPa) and moderate temperature (i.e., up to 100 ~C) operating conditions, where H2S is catalytically oxidized by air in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions.
In the present invention, the catalyst acts as an oxygen transfer agent or an oxygen carrier by alternating its valent state (i.e. by alternating its states between Catalyst(a) and Catalyst(b)) reacting with oxygen and H2S:
Reaction 3 Catalyst(a) ~ Catalyst(b)+ 8e-Reaction 4 202+8e~ ~ 402-Reaction S s2- ~ s6++ 8e-Reaction 6 Catalyst(b)+ 8e~ ~ Catalyst(a) where the overall reaction of Reactions 3 to Reactions 6 can be described as:
Reaction 7 202+S2- ~ 402-+S6 or, 3 .
. .
Reaction 8 202+S2- ~ (So4)2~
since the oxidation process is carried out in the ammoniacal (NH3) solution, the sulfate ions form ammonium sulfate in the aqueous phase:
Reaction 8 S2- + 2NH3 + 202 + H20 ~ (NH4)2S04 + 20H
in which (NH4)2S04 is crystallized and separated out from the aqueous solution.
The present invention covers a wide range of reactor operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, catalyst type, catalyst support material, catalyst concentration, feed gas composition, feed gas flow rate, feed gas temperature, reactor geometry, reactor operating mode (reactor steps, parallel or counter flow, fixed bed, fluid bed, spouted bed, batch, semi-batch, continuous flow, radial flow, plug flow, axially mixed-axial flow, etc.).
In summary of this disclosure, the present invention describes catalytic high pressure-moderate temperature oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 by air or ~2 in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions.
Ammonium Sulfate ((NH~)2SOl) in Ammoniacal (NH3) Solutions The present invention relates to catalytic, high pressure - moderate temperature oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) in ammoniacal (NH3) solutions by using air or oxygen (~2) as the oxidant. The present invention has a significant commercial potential for the utilization of H2S, which is an alternative to the existing Claus process which oxidizes H2S to elemental sulfur (S).
A large quantity of H2S is produced as a by-product of natural gas production, petroleum refining, as well as heavy oil and bitumen upgrading. It is predicted that H2S production will increase in the future as heavy oil and bitumen refining increases for the production of transportation fuel and integrated coal gasification combined cycle technology replaces the conventional coal combustion power generating technology.
H2S is hazardous to the environment, therefore it can not be discharged into theatmosphere. The common practice of handling H2S in the world as well as in Alberta, the oil capital of Canada, is converting H2S to elemental S for its safe disposal. The Claus process is used for this purpose, producing about 7 million tonnes of elemental S annually in Alberta, Canada alone.
The Claus process is based on gas phase oxidation of H2S to sulphur dioxide (SO2) by air, followed by the reaction between H2S and SO2 to form elemental S and steam (H2O). The following overall reaction represents the Claus process:
Reaction 1 H2S+0.5O2 ~ S+H20 ~H1~=-221.76kJ/mol.
In the Claus process, elemental S is produced from the oxidation of H2S which has a market value in the order of US $ 20 per metric tonne (mt).
Baki Ozum of Apex Engineering (a subsidiary of A & D International Ltd., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) and Douglas R. Hole of Lockerbie Ventures Limited, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada have invented an alternative process for the utilization of H2S. In this invention H2S is oxidized to (NH4)2SO4 in ammoniacal (NH3) solutions. The end product of the present invention is (NH4)2SO4 which has a market as fertilizer at about US $ 150 per metric tonne. A schematic of the present invention is presented in Figure 1.
The present invention is based on the catalytic oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 by air or ~2 The catalytic oxidation process is carried out in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions at high pressures (i.e. up to 5,000 kPa) and moderate temperatures (i.e. up to 100 ~C). In the present invention H2S is converted to (NH4)2SO4, which has a significant market as fertilizer. Using the present invention, combined US $ 50 worth of H2S (or S) and NH3 is converted to 1 tonne of (NH4)2SO4 which has a market value of US $ 150.
The present invention is based on the catalytic, high pressure-moderate temperature oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions, using air or ~2 as ,_ , , oxidant. The present invention has a commercial potential as an alternative to the conventional Claus process or any other oxidation process, which has the capacity to oxidize H2S to elemental sulfur (S).
In the Claus process sulfur S2 ions in H2S molecules are oxidized to elemental S, while in the present invention S2- ions in H2S molecules are oxidized to sulfate (So42- ) ions in which the sulfur atoms are in s6 ionic state. Oxidation of S2- to s6 requires a controlled reaction environment In terrns of catalysts, reactor hydrodynamics, reactor design, reactor orientation, reactor operating temperature and pressure.
The present invention uses the inorganic or organic salts of the transition state elements, such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) or their elemental forrns as disposable or supported catalysts, forming homogeneous or heterogeneous phases, to promote the oxidation of S2- to S6~.
The present invention considered the use of all kinds of catalyst support materials of inorganic, organic or composite types.
The present invention is based on a series of complex, simultaneous and consecutive processes both physical and chemical in nature. The following overall chemical reaction can be used to describe the process:
Reaction 2 H2S + 2NH3 + 202 ~ ~NH4)2SO4 ~H2~= - 977.79 kJ/mol In the present invention this reaction is carried out in an autoclave, under high pressure (i.e. up to 5,000 kPa) and moderate temperature (i.e., up to 100 ~C) operating conditions, where H2S is catalytically oxidized by air in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions.
In the present invention, the catalyst acts as an oxygen transfer agent or an oxygen carrier by alternating its valent state (i.e. by alternating its states between Catalyst(a) and Catalyst(b)) reacting with oxygen and H2S:
Reaction 3 Catalyst(a) ~ Catalyst(b)+ 8e-Reaction 4 202+8e~ ~ 402-Reaction S s2- ~ s6++ 8e-Reaction 6 Catalyst(b)+ 8e~ ~ Catalyst(a) where the overall reaction of Reactions 3 to Reactions 6 can be described as:
Reaction 7 202+S2- ~ 402-+S6 or, 3 .
. .
Reaction 8 202+S2- ~ (So4)2~
since the oxidation process is carried out in the ammoniacal (NH3) solution, the sulfate ions form ammonium sulfate in the aqueous phase:
Reaction 8 S2- + 2NH3 + 202 + H20 ~ (NH4)2S04 + 20H
in which (NH4)2S04 is crystallized and separated out from the aqueous solution.
The present invention covers a wide range of reactor operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, catalyst type, catalyst support material, catalyst concentration, feed gas composition, feed gas flow rate, feed gas temperature, reactor geometry, reactor operating mode (reactor steps, parallel or counter flow, fixed bed, fluid bed, spouted bed, batch, semi-batch, continuous flow, radial flow, plug flow, axially mixed-axial flow, etc.).
In summary of this disclosure, the present invention describes catalytic high pressure-moderate temperature oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 by air or ~2 in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions.
Claims (5)
1. The method of catalytic oxidation of H2S in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions producing (NH4)2SO4 by using air or O2 as oxidant.
2. The method of catalytic oxidation of H2S in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions producing (NH4)2SO4 by using pressurized reactors. The use of atmospheric pressure operating conditions would be possible by the development of proper catalysts.
3. The method of catalytic oxidation of H2S in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions producing (NH4)2SO4 by using any feed gas composition (i.e. any range of H2S, CO2, CO, CH4 and H2 composition).
4. The method of catalytic oxidation of H2S in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions producing (NH4)2SO4 by using homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts made of organic or inorganic salts of the transition state elements, such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) or their elemental forms. These catalysts can be used as disposable or supported by material of inorganic, organic or composite types.
5. The method of catalytic oxidation of H2S in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions producing (NH4)2SO4 by using a wide range of reactor operating conditions such temperature, pressure, catalyst type, catalyst support material, catalyst concentration, feed gas composition, feed gas flow rate, feed gas temperature, reactor geometry, reactor operating mode (reactor steps, parallel or counter flow, fixed bed, fluid bed, spouted bed, batch, semi-batch, continuous flow, radial flow, plug flow, axially mixed-axial flow, recycle, etc.).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002188063A CA2188063A1 (en) | 1996-10-17 | 1996-10-17 | Catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (h2s) to ammonium sulfate (nh4)2so4) in ammoniacal (nh3) solutions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002188063A CA2188063A1 (en) | 1996-10-17 | 1996-10-17 | Catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (h2s) to ammonium sulfate (nh4)2so4) in ammoniacal (nh3) solutions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2188063A1 true CA2188063A1 (en) | 1998-04-17 |
Family
ID=4159094
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002188063A Abandoned CA2188063A1 (en) | 1996-10-17 | 1996-10-17 | Catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (h2s) to ammonium sulfate (nh4)2so4) in ammoniacal (nh3) solutions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2188063A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014159694A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-10-02 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Improved nitric acid oxidation processes |
| US8961813B2 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2015-02-24 | The University Of Montana | Hydroxycarboxylic acids and salts |
| US9162959B2 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2015-10-20 | The University Of Montana | Method of oxidation using nitric acid |
| USD752712S1 (en) | 2013-03-16 | 2016-03-29 | Kohler Co. | Shower faceplate for shower device |
| US9315624B2 (en) | 2007-11-15 | 2016-04-19 | The University Of Montana | Hydroxypolyamide gel forming agents |
| US9347024B2 (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2016-05-24 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Calcium sequestering composition |
| US9346736B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-05-24 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Oxidation process |
| US9394188B2 (en) | 2013-01-18 | 2016-07-19 | Uop Llc | Process for oxidizing sulfides and an apparatus relating thereto |
| US9404188B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2016-08-02 | Rivertop Renewables | Corrosion inhibiting composition |
| US9670124B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-06-06 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Nitric acid oxidation process |
| US10246330B2 (en) | 2017-04-13 | 2019-04-02 | Marsulex Environmental Technologies Corporation | Systems and processes for removing hydrogen sulfide from gas streams |
-
1996
- 1996-10-17 CA CA002188063A patent/CA2188063A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8961813B2 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2015-02-24 | The University Of Montana | Hydroxycarboxylic acids and salts |
| US9162959B2 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2015-10-20 | The University Of Montana | Method of oxidation using nitric acid |
| US9315624B2 (en) | 2007-11-15 | 2016-04-19 | The University Of Montana | Hydroxypolyamide gel forming agents |
| US9505882B2 (en) | 2007-11-15 | 2016-11-29 | The University Of Montana | Hydroxypolyamide gel forming agents |
| US9404188B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2016-08-02 | Rivertop Renewables | Corrosion inhibiting composition |
| US9347024B2 (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2016-05-24 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Calcium sequestering composition |
| US9394188B2 (en) | 2013-01-18 | 2016-07-19 | Uop Llc | Process for oxidizing sulfides and an apparatus relating thereto |
| US9346736B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-05-24 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Oxidation process |
| WO2014159694A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-10-02 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Improved nitric acid oxidation processes |
| CN105189433A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2015-12-23 | 里弗领袖可再生能源公司 | Improved nitric acid oxidation processes |
| US9187398B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2015-11-17 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Nitric acid oxidation processes |
| US9670124B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-06-06 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Nitric acid oxidation process |
| US9758462B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-09-12 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Nitric acid oxidation processes |
| USD752712S1 (en) | 2013-03-16 | 2016-03-29 | Kohler Co. | Shower faceplate for shower device |
| US10246330B2 (en) | 2017-04-13 | 2019-04-02 | Marsulex Environmental Technologies Corporation | Systems and processes for removing hydrogen sulfide from gas streams |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US6099819A (en) | Catalysts for the selective oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur | |
| US9981253B2 (en) | Catalyst for a sulphur recovery process with concurrent hydrogen production, method of making thereof and the sulphur recovery process with concurrent hydrogen production using the catalyst | |
| CA2188063A1 (en) | Catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (h2s) to ammonium sulfate (nh4)2so4) in ammoniacal (nh3) solutions | |
| CN100475313C (en) | Device for the recovery and diffluence of sulfur dioxide and the system and method thereof | |
| US10046967B2 (en) | Process for sulphur recovery with concurrent hydrogen production from NH3 containing feed | |
| CN101289162B (en) | Process for producing hydrogen gas and carbon disulphide from hydrogen sulfide | |
| JP5502727B2 (en) | Method for continuously producing methyl mercaptan from a compound containing carbon and hydrogen | |
| EP3212574A1 (en) | Carbon monoxide production from carbon dioxide reduction by elemental sulfur | |
| CN108495811A (en) | Ammonia synthesis for fertilizer production | |
| CN112601610A (en) | Catalyst for the catalytic oxidative cracking of hydrogen sulphide with simultaneous production of hydrogen | |
| Spatolisano et al. | Middle scale hydrogen sulphide conversion and valorisation technologies: a review | |
| Li et al. | Equilibrium prediction of acid gas partial oxidation with presence of CH4 and CO2 for hydrogen production | |
| CA2768359C (en) | Removal of sulfur compounds from a gas stream | |
| CA1047224A (en) | Hydrogen cyanide destruction | |
| CN105712410A (en) | Method for preparing iron disulfide | |
| CA2361210C (en) | Method for continuously producing thiosulfate ions | |
| WO2018189637A1 (en) | Integrated process for hydrogen production from hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide | |
| CN103468327A (en) | Combined deamination desulphurization technology for coke oven gas | |
| Conger | Open-loop thermochemical cycles for the production of hydrogen | |
| CN210097690U (en) | Online vulcanization system for hydrogenation catalyst | |
| Abdel-Aal et al. | Non-catalytic partial oxidation of sour natural gas | |
| CN1040885C (en) | Process for low-sulfur and low-temp. transformation to CO | |
| Meeyoo et al. | The kinetics of H2S decomposition over precipitated cobalt sulphide catalyst | |
| CN108339387A (en) | A kind of Acidic Gas Treating with generate product reusing integral group technology | |
| WO2019229665A1 (en) | Hydrogen production from water using metal sulfide catalysts |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDC | Discontinued application reinstated | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |