CA2188063A1 - Catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (h2s) to ammonium sulfate (nh4)2so4) in ammoniacal (nh3) solutions - Google Patents
Catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (h2s) to ammonium sulfate (nh4)2so4) in ammoniacal (nh3) solutionsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2188063A1 CA2188063A1 CA002188063A CA2188063A CA2188063A1 CA 2188063 A1 CA2188063 A1 CA 2188063A1 CA 002188063 A CA002188063 A CA 002188063A CA 2188063 A CA2188063 A CA 2188063A CA 2188063 A1 CA2188063 A1 CA 2188063A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- feed gas
- catalytic oxidation
- solutions
- reactor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 30
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
- C01C1/24—Sulfates of ammonium
- C01C1/245—Preparation from compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur
- C01C1/246—Preparation from compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur from sulfur-containing ammonium compounds
- C01C1/247—Preparation from compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur from sulfur-containing ammonium compounds by oxidation with free oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/28—Molybdenum
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
This invention is based on the catalytic, high pressure - moderate temperature oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) in ammoniacal (NH3) solutions by using air or oxygen (O2) as the oxidant. The present invention has significant commercial potential for the utilization of H2S, which is an alternative to the existing Claus processes which oxidizes H2S to elemental sulfur (S). This invention is considered as an alternative to the Claus process.
The present invention uses the inorganic or organic salts of the transition state elements as disposable or supported catalyst in homogeneous or heterogeneous phases.
The present invention covers a wide range of reactor operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, catalyst type, catalyst support material, catalyst concentration, feed gas flow rate, feed gas composition, feed gas temperature, reactor geometry, reactor operating mode (reactor steps, parallel or counter flow, fixed bed, fluid bed, spouted bed, batch, semi-batch, continuous flow, radial flow, plug flow, axially mixed-axial flow, recycle, etc.) for the catalytic oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 in ammoniacal (NH3) solutions.
The present invention uses the inorganic or organic salts of the transition state elements as disposable or supported catalyst in homogeneous or heterogeneous phases.
The present invention covers a wide range of reactor operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, catalyst type, catalyst support material, catalyst concentration, feed gas flow rate, feed gas composition, feed gas temperature, reactor geometry, reactor operating mode (reactor steps, parallel or counter flow, fixed bed, fluid bed, spouted bed, batch, semi-batch, continuous flow, radial flow, plug flow, axially mixed-axial flow, recycle, etc.) for the catalytic oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 in ammoniacal (NH3) solutions.
Description
Catalytic Oxidation of Hydro~en Sulfide (H2~
Ammonium Sulfate ((NH~)2SOl) in Ammoniacal (NH3) Solutions The present invention relates to catalytic, high pressure - moderate temperature oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) in ammoniacal (NH3) solutions by using air or oxygen (~2) as the oxidant. The present invention has a significant commercial potential for the utilization of H2S, which is an alternative to the existing Claus process which oxidizes H2S to elemental sulfur (S).
A large quantity of H2S is produced as a by-product of natural gas production, petroleum refining, as well as heavy oil and bitumen upgrading. It is predicted that H2S production will increase in the future as heavy oil and bitumen refining increases for the production of transportation fuel and integrated coal gasification combined cycle technology replaces the conventional coal combustion power generating technology.
H2S is hazardous to the environment, therefore it can not be discharged into theatmosphere. The common practice of handling H2S in the world as well as in Alberta, the oil capital of Canada, is converting H2S to elemental S for its safe disposal. The Claus process is used for this purpose, producing about 7 million tonnes of elemental S annually in Alberta, Canada alone.
The Claus process is based on gas phase oxidation of H2S to sulphur dioxide (SO2) by air, followed by the reaction between H2S and SO2 to form elemental S and steam (H2O). The following overall reaction represents the Claus process:
Reaction 1 H2S+0.5O2 ~ S+H20 ~H1~=-221.76kJ/mol.
In the Claus process, elemental S is produced from the oxidation of H2S which has a market value in the order of US $ 20 per metric tonne (mt).
Baki Ozum of Apex Engineering (a subsidiary of A & D International Ltd., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) and Douglas R. Hole of Lockerbie Ventures Limited, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada have invented an alternative process for the utilization of H2S. In this invention H2S is oxidized to (NH4)2SO4 in ammoniacal (NH3) solutions. The end product of the present invention is (NH4)2SO4 which has a market as fertilizer at about US $ 150 per metric tonne. A schematic of the present invention is presented in Figure 1.
The present invention is based on the catalytic oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 by air or ~2 The catalytic oxidation process is carried out in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions at high pressures (i.e. up to 5,000 kPa) and moderate temperatures (i.e. up to 100 ~C). In the present invention H2S is converted to (NH4)2SO4, which has a significant market as fertilizer. Using the present invention, combined US $ 50 worth of H2S (or S) and NH3 is converted to 1 tonne of (NH4)2SO4 which has a market value of US $ 150.
The present invention is based on the catalytic, high pressure-moderate temperature oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions, using air or ~2 as ,_ , , oxidant. The present invention has a commercial potential as an alternative to the conventional Claus process or any other oxidation process, which has the capacity to oxidize H2S to elemental sulfur (S).
In the Claus process sulfur S2 ions in H2S molecules are oxidized to elemental S, while in the present invention S2- ions in H2S molecules are oxidized to sulfate (So42- ) ions in which the sulfur atoms are in s6 ionic state. Oxidation of S2- to s6 requires a controlled reaction environment In terrns of catalysts, reactor hydrodynamics, reactor design, reactor orientation, reactor operating temperature and pressure.
The present invention uses the inorganic or organic salts of the transition state elements, such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) or their elemental forrns as disposable or supported catalysts, forming homogeneous or heterogeneous phases, to promote the oxidation of S2- to S6~.
The present invention considered the use of all kinds of catalyst support materials of inorganic, organic or composite types.
The present invention is based on a series of complex, simultaneous and consecutive processes both physical and chemical in nature. The following overall chemical reaction can be used to describe the process:
Reaction 2 H2S + 2NH3 + 202 ~ ~NH4)2SO4 ~H2~= - 977.79 kJ/mol In the present invention this reaction is carried out in an autoclave, under high pressure (i.e. up to 5,000 kPa) and moderate temperature (i.e., up to 100 ~C) operating conditions, where H2S is catalytically oxidized by air in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions.
In the present invention, the catalyst acts as an oxygen transfer agent or an oxygen carrier by alternating its valent state (i.e. by alternating its states between Catalyst(a) and Catalyst(b)) reacting with oxygen and H2S:
Reaction 3 Catalyst(a) ~ Catalyst(b)+ 8e-Reaction 4 202+8e~ ~ 402-Reaction S s2- ~ s6++ 8e-Reaction 6 Catalyst(b)+ 8e~ ~ Catalyst(a) where the overall reaction of Reactions 3 to Reactions 6 can be described as:
Reaction 7 202+S2- ~ 402-+S6 or, 3 .
. .
Reaction 8 202+S2- ~ (So4)2~
since the oxidation process is carried out in the ammoniacal (NH3) solution, the sulfate ions form ammonium sulfate in the aqueous phase:
Reaction 8 S2- + 2NH3 + 202 + H20 ~ (NH4)2S04 + 20H
in which (NH4)2S04 is crystallized and separated out from the aqueous solution.
The present invention covers a wide range of reactor operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, catalyst type, catalyst support material, catalyst concentration, feed gas composition, feed gas flow rate, feed gas temperature, reactor geometry, reactor operating mode (reactor steps, parallel or counter flow, fixed bed, fluid bed, spouted bed, batch, semi-batch, continuous flow, radial flow, plug flow, axially mixed-axial flow, etc.).
In summary of this disclosure, the present invention describes catalytic high pressure-moderate temperature oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 by air or ~2 in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions.
Ammonium Sulfate ((NH~)2SOl) in Ammoniacal (NH3) Solutions The present invention relates to catalytic, high pressure - moderate temperature oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) to ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) in ammoniacal (NH3) solutions by using air or oxygen (~2) as the oxidant. The present invention has a significant commercial potential for the utilization of H2S, which is an alternative to the existing Claus process which oxidizes H2S to elemental sulfur (S).
A large quantity of H2S is produced as a by-product of natural gas production, petroleum refining, as well as heavy oil and bitumen upgrading. It is predicted that H2S production will increase in the future as heavy oil and bitumen refining increases for the production of transportation fuel and integrated coal gasification combined cycle technology replaces the conventional coal combustion power generating technology.
H2S is hazardous to the environment, therefore it can not be discharged into theatmosphere. The common practice of handling H2S in the world as well as in Alberta, the oil capital of Canada, is converting H2S to elemental S for its safe disposal. The Claus process is used for this purpose, producing about 7 million tonnes of elemental S annually in Alberta, Canada alone.
The Claus process is based on gas phase oxidation of H2S to sulphur dioxide (SO2) by air, followed by the reaction between H2S and SO2 to form elemental S and steam (H2O). The following overall reaction represents the Claus process:
Reaction 1 H2S+0.5O2 ~ S+H20 ~H1~=-221.76kJ/mol.
In the Claus process, elemental S is produced from the oxidation of H2S which has a market value in the order of US $ 20 per metric tonne (mt).
Baki Ozum of Apex Engineering (a subsidiary of A & D International Ltd., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) and Douglas R. Hole of Lockerbie Ventures Limited, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada have invented an alternative process for the utilization of H2S. In this invention H2S is oxidized to (NH4)2SO4 in ammoniacal (NH3) solutions. The end product of the present invention is (NH4)2SO4 which has a market as fertilizer at about US $ 150 per metric tonne. A schematic of the present invention is presented in Figure 1.
The present invention is based on the catalytic oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 by air or ~2 The catalytic oxidation process is carried out in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions at high pressures (i.e. up to 5,000 kPa) and moderate temperatures (i.e. up to 100 ~C). In the present invention H2S is converted to (NH4)2SO4, which has a significant market as fertilizer. Using the present invention, combined US $ 50 worth of H2S (or S) and NH3 is converted to 1 tonne of (NH4)2SO4 which has a market value of US $ 150.
The present invention is based on the catalytic, high pressure-moderate temperature oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions, using air or ~2 as ,_ , , oxidant. The present invention has a commercial potential as an alternative to the conventional Claus process or any other oxidation process, which has the capacity to oxidize H2S to elemental sulfur (S).
In the Claus process sulfur S2 ions in H2S molecules are oxidized to elemental S, while in the present invention S2- ions in H2S molecules are oxidized to sulfate (So42- ) ions in which the sulfur atoms are in s6 ionic state. Oxidation of S2- to s6 requires a controlled reaction environment In terrns of catalysts, reactor hydrodynamics, reactor design, reactor orientation, reactor operating temperature and pressure.
The present invention uses the inorganic or organic salts of the transition state elements, such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) or their elemental forrns as disposable or supported catalysts, forming homogeneous or heterogeneous phases, to promote the oxidation of S2- to S6~.
The present invention considered the use of all kinds of catalyst support materials of inorganic, organic or composite types.
The present invention is based on a series of complex, simultaneous and consecutive processes both physical and chemical in nature. The following overall chemical reaction can be used to describe the process:
Reaction 2 H2S + 2NH3 + 202 ~ ~NH4)2SO4 ~H2~= - 977.79 kJ/mol In the present invention this reaction is carried out in an autoclave, under high pressure (i.e. up to 5,000 kPa) and moderate temperature (i.e., up to 100 ~C) operating conditions, where H2S is catalytically oxidized by air in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions.
In the present invention, the catalyst acts as an oxygen transfer agent or an oxygen carrier by alternating its valent state (i.e. by alternating its states between Catalyst(a) and Catalyst(b)) reacting with oxygen and H2S:
Reaction 3 Catalyst(a) ~ Catalyst(b)+ 8e-Reaction 4 202+8e~ ~ 402-Reaction S s2- ~ s6++ 8e-Reaction 6 Catalyst(b)+ 8e~ ~ Catalyst(a) where the overall reaction of Reactions 3 to Reactions 6 can be described as:
Reaction 7 202+S2- ~ 402-+S6 or, 3 .
. .
Reaction 8 202+S2- ~ (So4)2~
since the oxidation process is carried out in the ammoniacal (NH3) solution, the sulfate ions form ammonium sulfate in the aqueous phase:
Reaction 8 S2- + 2NH3 + 202 + H20 ~ (NH4)2S04 + 20H
in which (NH4)2S04 is crystallized and separated out from the aqueous solution.
The present invention covers a wide range of reactor operating conditions such as temperature, pressure, catalyst type, catalyst support material, catalyst concentration, feed gas composition, feed gas flow rate, feed gas temperature, reactor geometry, reactor operating mode (reactor steps, parallel or counter flow, fixed bed, fluid bed, spouted bed, batch, semi-batch, continuous flow, radial flow, plug flow, axially mixed-axial flow, etc.).
In summary of this disclosure, the present invention describes catalytic high pressure-moderate temperature oxidation of H2S to (NH4)2SO4 by air or ~2 in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions.
Claims (5)
1. The method of catalytic oxidation of H2S in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions producing (NH4)2SO4 by using air or O2 as oxidant.
2. The method of catalytic oxidation of H2S in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions producing (NH4)2SO4 by using pressurized reactors. The use of atmospheric pressure operating conditions would be possible by the development of proper catalysts.
3. The method of catalytic oxidation of H2S in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions producing (NH4)2SO4 by using any feed gas composition (i.e. any range of H2S, CO2, CO, CH4 and H2 composition).
4. The method of catalytic oxidation of H2S in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions producing (NH4)2SO4 by using homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts made of organic or inorganic salts of the transition state elements, such as zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) or their elemental forms. These catalysts can be used as disposable or supported by material of inorganic, organic or composite types.
5. The method of catalytic oxidation of H2S in aqueous ammoniacal (NH3) solutions producing (NH4)2SO4 by using a wide range of reactor operating conditions such temperature, pressure, catalyst type, catalyst support material, catalyst concentration, feed gas composition, feed gas flow rate, feed gas temperature, reactor geometry, reactor operating mode (reactor steps, parallel or counter flow, fixed bed, fluid bed, spouted bed, batch, semi-batch, continuous flow, radial flow, plug flow, axially mixed-axial flow, recycle, etc.).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002188063A CA2188063A1 (en) | 1996-10-17 | 1996-10-17 | Catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (h2s) to ammonium sulfate (nh4)2so4) in ammoniacal (nh3) solutions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002188063A CA2188063A1 (en) | 1996-10-17 | 1996-10-17 | Catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (h2s) to ammonium sulfate (nh4)2so4) in ammoniacal (nh3) solutions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2188063A1 true CA2188063A1 (en) | 1998-04-17 |
Family
ID=4159094
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002188063A Abandoned CA2188063A1 (en) | 1996-10-17 | 1996-10-17 | Catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide (h2s) to ammonium sulfate (nh4)2so4) in ammoniacal (nh3) solutions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2188063A1 (en) |
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014159694A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-10-02 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Improved nitric acid oxidation processes |
| US8961813B2 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2015-02-24 | The University Of Montana | Hydroxycarboxylic acids and salts |
| US9162959B2 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2015-10-20 | The University Of Montana | Method of oxidation using nitric acid |
| USD752712S1 (en) | 2013-03-16 | 2016-03-29 | Kohler Co. | Shower faceplate for shower device |
| US9315624B2 (en) | 2007-11-15 | 2016-04-19 | The University Of Montana | Hydroxypolyamide gel forming agents |
| US9346736B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-05-24 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Oxidation process |
| US9347024B2 (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2016-05-24 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Calcium sequestering composition |
| US9394188B2 (en) | 2013-01-18 | 2016-07-19 | Uop Llc | Process for oxidizing sulfides and an apparatus relating thereto |
| US9404188B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2016-08-02 | Rivertop Renewables | Corrosion inhibiting composition |
| US9670124B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-06-06 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Nitric acid oxidation process |
| US10246330B2 (en) | 2017-04-13 | 2019-04-02 | Marsulex Environmental Technologies Corporation | Systems and processes for removing hydrogen sulfide from gas streams |
-
1996
- 1996-10-17 CA CA002188063A patent/CA2188063A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8961813B2 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2015-02-24 | The University Of Montana | Hydroxycarboxylic acids and salts |
| US9162959B2 (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2015-10-20 | The University Of Montana | Method of oxidation using nitric acid |
| US9315624B2 (en) | 2007-11-15 | 2016-04-19 | The University Of Montana | Hydroxypolyamide gel forming agents |
| US9505882B2 (en) | 2007-11-15 | 2016-11-29 | The University Of Montana | Hydroxypolyamide gel forming agents |
| US9404188B2 (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2016-08-02 | Rivertop Renewables | Corrosion inhibiting composition |
| US9347024B2 (en) | 2011-04-21 | 2016-05-24 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Calcium sequestering composition |
| US9394188B2 (en) | 2013-01-18 | 2016-07-19 | Uop Llc | Process for oxidizing sulfides and an apparatus relating thereto |
| US9346736B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2016-05-24 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Oxidation process |
| WO2014159694A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-10-02 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Improved nitric acid oxidation processes |
| CN105189433A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2015-12-23 | 里弗领袖可再生能源公司 | Improved nitric acid oxidation processes |
| US9187398B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2015-11-17 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Nitric acid oxidation processes |
| US9670124B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-06-06 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Nitric acid oxidation process |
| US9758462B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2017-09-12 | Rivertop Renewables, Inc. | Nitric acid oxidation processes |
| USD752712S1 (en) | 2013-03-16 | 2016-03-29 | Kohler Co. | Shower faceplate for shower device |
| US10246330B2 (en) | 2017-04-13 | 2019-04-02 | Marsulex Environmental Technologies Corporation | Systems and processes for removing hydrogen sulfide from gas streams |
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