CA2180519A1 - Toe board bracket for scaffolding - Google Patents
Toe board bracket for scaffoldingInfo
- Publication number
- CA2180519A1 CA2180519A1 CA002180519A CA2180519A CA2180519A1 CA 2180519 A1 CA2180519 A1 CA 2180519A1 CA 002180519 A CA002180519 A CA 002180519A CA 2180519 A CA2180519 A CA 2180519A CA 2180519 A1 CA2180519 A1 CA 2180519A1
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- Prior art keywords
- bracket
- toe board
- toe
- platform
- board bracket
- Prior art date
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Abstract
A toe board bracket for use in a scaffolding assembly, secures toe boards to horizontal platform boards. It has a vertical channel and a flange extending out from the channel. The flange would be nailed to the platform boards. Toe boards in one embodiment are then dropped into the channel and secured by nails or other fasteners. The bracket provides greater resistance to dislodgement of the toe boards. It can accommodate toe boards of different sizes and makes up for small gaps between toe boards. A
top mount version extends over the top of the toe boards and secures them inwardly from the edge of a platform.
top mount version extends over the top of the toe boards and secures them inwardly from the edge of a platform.
Description
Title: Toe Board Bracket for Scaffolding FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to scaffolding, and in particular to a bracket for attaching toe boards to the perimeter of scaffoldingplatforms.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Scaffolding structures are erected and used to provide elevated working platforms for persons and their tools. These structures are generally temporarily erected at the work site for the duration of the job 10 and then disassembled for use at another work site. Ease and speed of assembly and disassembly and reusability are desirable characteristics of scaffolding structures.
Conventional scaffolding is typically erected with separate end frame members stacked vertically to a desired height and connected 15 together with diagonal bracing members to form a framework. A
removable platform usually rests on and extends between horizontal members of opposed end frame members.
The platform itself is often constructed of plywood or horizontal wooden platform boards with vertical toe boards around the 20 exterior perimeter of the platform. The toe boards serve to prevent tools and equipment from falling off the platform thereby preventing damage to persons and property that may be below.
There are a number of scaffolding arrangements which commonly use the end frame members or devices connected to end frame 25 members to hold the toe boards in place. This type of arrangement is exemplified in Juculano, U.S. Patent No. 3,785,602, and Gostling, U.S. Patent No. 3,179,212. The toe boards in these arrangements typically must be long enough to span the entire distance between opposed end frame members.
At the present time, proposals such as those in the above 30 patents have met with little acceptance. Current practice is simply to nail the toe boards to the platform boards. Nails give little resistance to forces tending to push the toe boards outwards.
One known proposal for a toe board bracket is found in U.S. Patent 3,836,106 (Gray). However, this configuration has a number of 5 disadvantages. It is configured to work with 4 inch wide toe boards and 12 inch thick deck or platform planks. As such, it can not be used at the end of planks or as it would interfere with plank cleats, i.e. strips underneath platform boards that prevent slippage of boards. It has rounded internal corners that would provide a significant gap between the platform boards 10 and the toe boards, which would be too wide. The bracket has relatively small dimensions, so that it cannot be used as a splice plate, and so that frequent spacing of the brackets may well be required. It provides serrated teeth to facilitate securing of the bracket, but this would result in damage to platform boards when the bracket is removed. It does not hug the plank 15 tightly, i.e. by providing sharp 90~ corners.
In use, toe boards are subject to much misuse and abuse.
They are routinely and frequently impacted by tools and are kicked by the workers. Consequently, toe boards often become detached.
It is a common provision in regulations for scaffolding 20 that all platforms must have toe boards. They are basic requirement to prevent tools from being dislodged from platforms and falling. Many injuries, serious and otherwise, are caused by tools and other articles being dislodged from platforms in this manner.
Due to the fact that toe boards frequently get dislodged, it 25 is not uncommon for construction sites to be shut down while the toe boards are replaced. While the toe boards are missing, the scaffolding is dangerous. The time taken to replace them results in significant down time and economic loss.
Accordingly, there is a significant need for some sort of 30 bracket or device for securing toe boards in position in a reliable manner, which bracket should be cheap, simple and reliable. It should also be .
capable of considerable flexibility, and not restrict the configuration of the scaffolding structure in any way.
A further common problem with existing toe boards, is that due to the abuse the boards receive and the desire to reuse boards, one usually has a supply of boards of varying lengths and odd sizes.
There is therefore a need for a toe board bracket which can incorporate odd size and short toe boards and which can accommodate short gaps between toe boards, in conventional scaffolding arrangements.
It is to be appreciated that, in this specification including the claims, reference is made to terms indicating orientation, such as "horizontal", "vertical", etc. to describe both the bracket and associated components of a scaffolding assembly. These terms are used to describe the bracket when oriented for normal use and it will be understood that the bracket when not in use may be in any orientation.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The present invention is a toe board bracket for use in a scaffolding assembly which generally has horizontal platform boards and vertical perimeter toe boards.
In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a toe board bracket, for use with scaffolding having generally horizontal platform boards and generally vertical perimeter toe boards, the toe board bracket being adapted for side mounting and comprising: an elongate, substantially rigid vertical channel, which is open at both ends, which comprises inner and outer sides spaced apart to accommodate interposition of a toe board and a channel base connecting the sides of the vertical channel and closing off one of the top and the bottom of the channel, the other of the top and the bottom of the channel being open;
and a single mounting flange secured to and extending substantially perpendicularly from the inner side of the vertical channel, and adapted to be fastened to the top of a platform board.
218051q Preferably, the channel base closes off the bottom of the channel and the toe board bracket is adapted for side mounting to a platform board and the mounting flange is vertically spaced upwardly from the channel base, whereby the mounting flange can be secured to the top of 5 a platform board, with the inner side extending down beside the platform board, so that abutment of the inner side against a side edge of the platform board provides resistance to bending loads applied to a toe board secured in the bracket.
One or both of the inner and outer sides can include 10 apertures for fasteners and vertically extending reinforcing ribs on the exterior thereof.
To improve the durability of the bracket, especially when it is formed from a plastics material, it preferably includes a single aperture in the mounting flange and a tubular rivet therein, for securing the bracket 15 to a platform board.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the bracket is adapted for mounting on top of a platform board, and the channel base then connects the sides of the vertical channel at the top thereof to close off the top of the channel, the mounting flange extends 20 from the bottom of the inner side, and an outer vertical flange is provided, extending from the bottom of the outer side, for abutting a vertical side edge of a platform board.
Advantageously, this embodiment includes an outer horizontal flange extending between the outer side and the outer vertical 25 flange, to space a toe board inwardly from the side edge of a platform board.This version preferably again include a plurality of ribs extending from the mounting flange around the inner and outer sides on the base and across the outer vertical and horizontal flanges.
Another aspect of the present invention encompasses a 30 scaffolding assembly, which comprises a three dimensional framework which defines at least one generally horizontal platform. A plurality of platform boards are mounted on the platform to form a substantially horizontal platform surface. A plurality of toe board brackets, as defined here, are secured to the platform boards. The flanges of the toe board brackets are secured to platform boards such that the channel of the toe board bracket is located adjacent a free outer edge of a platform board. A
plurality of toe boards are located in the channels of the toe board brackets.
The present invention should be simple, reusable, inexpensive to manufacture, and able to facilitate the use of toe boards of differing lengths in scaffolding assemblies. The present invention should provide simple and quick assembly and disassembly of scaffolding structures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES
For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into affect, referellce will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, which show preferred embodiments of the present invention and in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a toe board bracket in accordance with the present invention from one side and above;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the toe board bracket in Figure 1 from the other side and below;
Figure 3 is a view from one side of the toe board bracket of Figure 1;
Figure 4 is an end view of the toe board bracket of Figure l;
Figure 5 is a sectional view along line 5-5 of Figure 4;
Figure 6 is a view of the bracket of Figure 1 from the underside;
Figure 7 is a view of the toe board bracket of Figure 1 from the other side;
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Figure 8 is a perspective view of a top mounting toe board in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 9 is a side view of the bracket of Figure 8, showing mounting of the bracket;
Figure 10 is a side view of the bracket of Figures 8 and 9, when mounted; and Figure 11 is a perspective view of a scaffolding assembly according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference will first be made to Figures 1-7 which show a first embodiment of a side mounting toe board bracket.
The first embodiment of a side mounting bracket is generally denoted by the reference 110. As for the earlier embodiments, this bracket 110 defines a vertical channel, here denoted 112, with open ends. A
channel base 114 closes off the bottom of the channel and the channel is defined by an inner channel side 116 and an outer channel side 118. A
mounting flange 120 extends to one side away from the inner channel side 116. The inner side 116 continues into an extension 122.
Here, the flange 120 as best seen in Figure 3, presents a generally corrugated profile, having raised portions 124 and lower portions 126 alternating therewith, there being lower portions 126 at either end of the flange 120 and a raised portion 124 in the middle of the flange 120. It can further be noted that, at a junction with the inner channel side 116, this effect is accentuated. As shown in Figure 4, the lower portions are intended to abut a platform board and extend purely horizontally from the inner channel side 116. The raised portions 124, however, show an inclined part 128, so that the relative vertical spacing between the raised and lower portions 124, 126, i.e. the corrugated effect, increases towards the inner channel side 116.
-This is important, to resist the sorts of loads that can be applied to a toe board 60. A toe board is likely to be struck or subject to loads near the top thereof. This imparts a clockwise bending moment, particularly to the outer channel side 118, as viewed in Figure 4. This bending moment is transferred, mainly through the outer channel side 118, the base 114 and then through the inner channel side 116 to the flange 120;
some part of it may be transferred directly to the inner channel side 116, particularly if this is well secured by nails.
Now, the arrangement of this embodiment is designed to provide good transfer of such moments to the flange 120, and then through the flange to the platform board. For this reason, the raised and lowered portions 124, 126 are spaced further apart adjacent the mounting flange 120, to provide greater resistance to bending moments.
As shown on the underside view of Figure 6, a transverse strip or pad 130 extends across between the lower portions 126, undemeath the raised portions 124. In the center of this strip 134, there is an aperture 132 for a mounting nail. This aperture 132 is provided with a steel rivet 134 to reinforce the aperture and to provide adequate wear characteristics. The rivet 134 is either molded or drilled and pressed into the aperture 132. The rivet 134 is tubular and includes a collar 34a at the top and a sleeve 34b lining the aperture.
It can further be noted that, the underneath corner where the flange 120 meets the inner channel side 116 forms an essentially right angle corner with only slight rounding of the corner. This ensures that both the flange 120 and side 116 can closely abut the top and sides of a platform board. This again ensures good transfer of bending moments. The abutment of the side 116 against the board edge additionally serves to transfer bending loads applied to a toe board to the platform board.
Tuming now to details of the inner channel side 116, this is best shown in Figures 3 and 4. The inner channel side is provided with a series of ribs 136, including a central rib 137. There are a pair of ribs 136 on -either side. Each rib 136, 137 comprises a lower portion 136a, 137a and an upper portion 136b, 137b. The width of the lower portions is typically 0.190 inches, while the width of the upper portions 136b is typically 0.125 inches.
For the depth of the ribs, i.e. in a direction perpendicular to the side 116, the four side ribs 136 have a uniform height of 0.125 inches, with the side 116 also having a thickness of 0.125 or 8 th of an inch. It is here noted that in general, most parts of the bracket have a thickness of 8 (0.125) inches. The central rib 137 tapers, as shown, to a thickness that approaches 0.25 inches at the lower end thereof.
To further improve the resistance to bending loads imparted to a toe board, internal gussets or small ribs 138 are provided between the channel base 114, and the inner and outer channel sides 116, 118.
Turning to the outer channel side 118, this is provided with a pattern of reinforcing ribs 139, best shown in Figures 4,5,6 and 7.
Here, there are lower rib portions 140, which have the greatest depth (i.e. in a direction perpendicular to the side 118), as a bending moment will be greatest at the bottom of the channel. Thus, the lower portions 140 have a depth of the order of 0.3125 inches, and a width of about 0.190 inches. As shown in Figure 5, the rib portions 140, and indeed the rib proportions in general, can be provided with a suitable taper, to facilitate release from a mold in manner. As shown, there are nine lower rib portions 140.
These lower rib portions 140 blend smoothly into upper rib portions 142, 143 which have a constant height of 8 of an inch. As, shown, there is a single, central upper rib portion 142 and two pairs of side ribs 143. Transverse strips or pads 144 extend between the ribs 143 to strengthen them.
As shown, the lowermost pads 144 are provided with apertures 146 for nails, to enable a toe board to be secured within the bracket.Corresponding apertures 148 are provided on the inner channel side 116.
The apertures 146, 148 are aligned, for ease of molding. This enables a single mandrel to be used for each pair of apertures 146, 148. In use nails will be inserted from just one side.
Concerning overall dimensions of the bracket, the following are typical to mention. It can have a length of 5 inches, and overall height of 68 inches. The channel 112 has a width of 1 inch, and the flange 120, in a direction perpendicular to the side 116, a width of 1.875 inches.
To facilitate insertion of a toe board, the inner side 116 is 2 an inch shorter than the outer channel side 118, as shown. Further, as in an earlier embodiment, the upper edges of the sides 116, 118 are chamfered or tapered, as indicated at 119.
Reference will now be made to Figures 8,9 and 10, which show a fourth or top mounting bracket, indicated by the reference 150.
The bracket 150 includes an inner side 152, an outer side 154 and a mounting flange 156. Since this is a top mounting bracket, the flange 156 extends from the bottom of the inner side 152, and is connected by an inclined portion 157.
A channel 158 is defined between the sides 152, 154. For this top mounting version, a channel base 160 forms a top connecting the sides 152, 154.
The outer side 154 continues into an outer horizontal flange 162, which in turn continues into an outer vertical flange 164, for abutting the top and side edges of a platform board respectively.
As in the other embodiments, reinforcing ribs are provided. On the exterior, there are a three reinforcing ribs 166 which extend from the mounting flange 156 to the outer vertical flange 164. These three ribs all have a similar profile. As shown, each rib has a width of thickness of 0.25 inches and a depth or height of over the outer horizontal and vertical flanges 162, 164 of 0.375 inches. This depth of height reduces to 0.25 inches for the remainder of the ribs 166. As shown, the internal corners 218051~
of this bracket are generally rounded, with other thicknesses generally being 0.125 inches. The inclined portion 157 is at an angle of 30~ to the vertical.
The central rib 166 is enlarged at two places. At 161, an enlargement for a gate dimple is provided. On each side, although only visible for the inner side 152, there is an enlarged portion 178 with a nail aperture 180.
In the mounting flange 156, the ribs blend into the main portion of the mounting flange 156 which has a thickness of 0.25 inches.
An aperture 168 is provided. A tubular reinforcing rivet 170 has a planar head 172 and a sleeve 174. The bracket 150 would be molded in plastic, as the earlier embodiments. The rivet 170, as the rivet in the previous embodiment is intended to protect the plastic from impacts etc.
The channel 158 is preferably tapered, having a width of - of an inch at the bottom, i.e. where the inclined portion 157 meets the inner side 152, and a width of 1.125 inches at the top. This is to enable the bracket to accommodate either 1 inch or - of an inch thick boards.
In use, the inclined portion 157 facilitates insertion of a board. In particular, for a 1 inch wide board, the board can be slid flush against the inclined portion 157 and the bracket then tilted, to expand the channel 158, to accommodate the 1 inch wide board, the sides of the bracket then being resiliently biassed to clamp the board 60.
Then, the board 60 with an appropriate number of brackets 150 would be located on the edge of a platform board 58. Each mounting bracket 150 would be located so that its outer vertical flange 164 abutted the side of the platform board. A nail would then be inserted through the rivet to secure the bracket in position.
The bracket 150 works similarly with - inch thick boards.
In this case, the bracket would not be expanded significantly or at all.
The brackets of the present invention have numerous advantages of known mounting techniques, and in particular the bracket configuration shown in U.S. Patent 3,836,106.
Thus, in the embodiments described, the channel is configured to permit easy insertion of the bracket. In the third embodiment, this is achieved by providing different heights for the sides of the channel, while in the top mount version of the bracket, the inclined 5 portion at the bottom provides the same function.
The brackets are dimensioned to keep the number of mounting points to a minimum. One bracket for every 4 foot of length should be sufficient. The sides of the bracket can be dimensioned to pinch the toe board of the top, for the side mount version, or at the bottom, for the 10 top mount version.
The brackets rest on sides of the platform boards, adjacent side edges thereof. The brackets are simply attached by a single nail.
Consequently, the bracket does not interfere with cleats on platform boards.
The bracket itself is not driven on to the platform board, and includes no 15 teeth, serrations or the like which secure the bracket and which would damage the platform board upon removal. Rather, all that is required is removal of a single nail. It is conceivable that the brackets can be left secured to the toe boards.
With regard to overall dimension for the top mounting 20 bracket 150 including ribs and all flanges, it can have an overall height of 758 ~ a length of 3, and an overall width around 4.3 . The mounting flange 120 to the inside of the inner side 116 can be 2.25, with the horizontal outer flange 162 having a length, as in Figure 10 of 0.5 (the displacement between the outer flange 164 and outer side 154) and the vertical outer flange 164 25 having a height of 1.125, measured from the top of the horizontal flange 162.
Referring now to Figure 11, this shows a scaffolding assembly generally indicated by the reference 50. In known manner, the assembly 50 can include vertical tubes 52, horizontal tubes 54 and 30 appropriate diagonal bracing tubes (not shown). The vertical tubes 52 would include appropriate ground supports (also not shown). Clamping ._ brackets 56 secure the various tubes together to form a three dimensional framework. This can be assembled in known manner, and the exact nature of the tubes, brackets etc., is not essential to the present invention and any suitable proprietary scaffolding system can be employed. The horizontal 5 tubes 54 serve to define a horizontal platform. Platform boards 58 are secured to complete the platform.
Toe board brackets 110 or 150, according to the present invention, are secured in position by fasteners to the edge of the platform 58. It is expected that nails will be used as fasteners, but it is conceivable that 10 screws or other suitable fasteners can be used, depending upon the application.
It can be noted that the toe boards are stable even without fasteners. However, to secure the toe boards 110, 150, particularly to prevent them from sliding out the ends of the brackets 10, nails 40 are 15 inserted through the apertures in either the inner or the outer sides of the brackets. Usually the nails 40 will be inserted through one side, and commonly it will be convenient to insert the nails 40 through the outer side 118 or 154. However, for installations where the scaffolding is located adjacent to a vertical work surface, e.g. the side of a building, the side of a 20 large storage tank, etc., this may not be possible. In such cases, the nails would be inserted through the inner side 116 or 152.
The toe boards 60 are then securely held in position. In particular, impacts from the inside of the toe boards 60, tending to dislodge them, are absorbed by the nails 40 through the apertures of the mounting 25 flanges. It can be noted that these loads impart a shear load on the nails, which nails are inherently well adapted to resist.
Consequently, it is virtually impossible for the toe board 60 to be dislodged by normal loads and impacts encountered. Excessive loads may tend to bend the channel relative to the mounting flange, in 30 either embodiment, but the brackets could be dimensioned to provide a suitable safety margin over standard loads encountered in use. In contrast, in conventional practice, loads on the toe boards tend to impart an axial load on the nails tending to extract them, which all too often happens, causing the toe boards to fall off.
The brackets of the present invention have a number of other advantages. The brackets 110, 150 can be used to join toe boards 60 of differing, varied and odd lengths. Where long boards are available, brackets can be spaced at suitable intervals along the length of the board to securely hold the board in position. A further advantage is that the bracket can make up for short discrepancies in the length of the boards. Thus, there could be gap of a few inches between the boards supported by it. Since the channel has a comparable height to the toe boards, it effectively fills this gapbetween the two toe boards, unlike the proposal in the Gray patent.
The apertures in the inner and outer sides can be vertically staggered, so that the nails in these apertures do not interfere withone another. They may alternatively be staggered slightly horizontally. For ease of molding and anticipating that nails will usually be inserted from just one side, The exact dimensions for the bracket will depend upon local regulations, standard sizes of timber locally available, etc. In particular, the height of the bracket and the height of toe boards may be subject to local regulations. However, the following dimensions are ~refelled.
The brackets can be dimensioned to accommodate a variety of plank widths. In particular, they can be dimensioned to accept and securely hold both - inch and 1 inch thick planks, which are currently common in the industry in North America.
The side mount version has sharp corners where required, to ensure close fitting against the edge of a platform board, with no more than a - inch thick gap. For the top mount version, there should be no gap. Accordingly, objects of any significant size cannot then be kicked or accidentally displaced from the platform boards.
The preferred form of the bracket is molded from a high strength material, such as glass-filled nylon. It has reinforcing ribs dimensioned to efficiently transfer applied loads. These ribs blend smoothly with raised portions providing apertures for nail insertion. For the critical attachment point to the platform board, the aperture can be reinforced with a rivet and grommet.
By forming the bracket from a suitable polymer, it can have a low weight, for example less than- of a pound. This is important on a construction site. Scaffolding necessarily has to be lifted and raised to great heights, and then dismantled at the end of a job. Any reduction in weight is a significant benefit. This also provides adequate chemical, corrosion, impact and UV resistance. The bracket can be suitably colored, for example with standard safety yellow color, and can be recyclable.
To remove either embodiment of the bracket, a single upward thrust towards the deck center is sufficient.
The bracket is wide enough to be used as a splice member.
In other words, the ends of two toe boards can be placed in the bracket and secured. To this end, two space nail holes are provided on the inner and outer sides.
The bracket is universal and can be used on any deck surface. Further, it can be used on all types of scaffolding currently known to the inventors. More particularly, the top mount version permits application to some scaffolding designs, for which the side mount version is impractical.
The bracket can accommodate toe boards of - inch to 1 inch width and from 4- inch to 6 inch height. The bracket could readily be dimensioned to accept larger toe boards, for example having a 2 inch x 6 inch dimensions.
The present invention relates to scaffolding, and in particular to a bracket for attaching toe boards to the perimeter of scaffoldingplatforms.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Scaffolding structures are erected and used to provide elevated working platforms for persons and their tools. These structures are generally temporarily erected at the work site for the duration of the job 10 and then disassembled for use at another work site. Ease and speed of assembly and disassembly and reusability are desirable characteristics of scaffolding structures.
Conventional scaffolding is typically erected with separate end frame members stacked vertically to a desired height and connected 15 together with diagonal bracing members to form a framework. A
removable platform usually rests on and extends between horizontal members of opposed end frame members.
The platform itself is often constructed of plywood or horizontal wooden platform boards with vertical toe boards around the 20 exterior perimeter of the platform. The toe boards serve to prevent tools and equipment from falling off the platform thereby preventing damage to persons and property that may be below.
There are a number of scaffolding arrangements which commonly use the end frame members or devices connected to end frame 25 members to hold the toe boards in place. This type of arrangement is exemplified in Juculano, U.S. Patent No. 3,785,602, and Gostling, U.S. Patent No. 3,179,212. The toe boards in these arrangements typically must be long enough to span the entire distance between opposed end frame members.
At the present time, proposals such as those in the above 30 patents have met with little acceptance. Current practice is simply to nail the toe boards to the platform boards. Nails give little resistance to forces tending to push the toe boards outwards.
One known proposal for a toe board bracket is found in U.S. Patent 3,836,106 (Gray). However, this configuration has a number of 5 disadvantages. It is configured to work with 4 inch wide toe boards and 12 inch thick deck or platform planks. As such, it can not be used at the end of planks or as it would interfere with plank cleats, i.e. strips underneath platform boards that prevent slippage of boards. It has rounded internal corners that would provide a significant gap between the platform boards 10 and the toe boards, which would be too wide. The bracket has relatively small dimensions, so that it cannot be used as a splice plate, and so that frequent spacing of the brackets may well be required. It provides serrated teeth to facilitate securing of the bracket, but this would result in damage to platform boards when the bracket is removed. It does not hug the plank 15 tightly, i.e. by providing sharp 90~ corners.
In use, toe boards are subject to much misuse and abuse.
They are routinely and frequently impacted by tools and are kicked by the workers. Consequently, toe boards often become detached.
It is a common provision in regulations for scaffolding 20 that all platforms must have toe boards. They are basic requirement to prevent tools from being dislodged from platforms and falling. Many injuries, serious and otherwise, are caused by tools and other articles being dislodged from platforms in this manner.
Due to the fact that toe boards frequently get dislodged, it 25 is not uncommon for construction sites to be shut down while the toe boards are replaced. While the toe boards are missing, the scaffolding is dangerous. The time taken to replace them results in significant down time and economic loss.
Accordingly, there is a significant need for some sort of 30 bracket or device for securing toe boards in position in a reliable manner, which bracket should be cheap, simple and reliable. It should also be .
capable of considerable flexibility, and not restrict the configuration of the scaffolding structure in any way.
A further common problem with existing toe boards, is that due to the abuse the boards receive and the desire to reuse boards, one usually has a supply of boards of varying lengths and odd sizes.
There is therefore a need for a toe board bracket which can incorporate odd size and short toe boards and which can accommodate short gaps between toe boards, in conventional scaffolding arrangements.
It is to be appreciated that, in this specification including the claims, reference is made to terms indicating orientation, such as "horizontal", "vertical", etc. to describe both the bracket and associated components of a scaffolding assembly. These terms are used to describe the bracket when oriented for normal use and it will be understood that the bracket when not in use may be in any orientation.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
The present invention is a toe board bracket for use in a scaffolding assembly which generally has horizontal platform boards and vertical perimeter toe boards.
In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a toe board bracket, for use with scaffolding having generally horizontal platform boards and generally vertical perimeter toe boards, the toe board bracket being adapted for side mounting and comprising: an elongate, substantially rigid vertical channel, which is open at both ends, which comprises inner and outer sides spaced apart to accommodate interposition of a toe board and a channel base connecting the sides of the vertical channel and closing off one of the top and the bottom of the channel, the other of the top and the bottom of the channel being open;
and a single mounting flange secured to and extending substantially perpendicularly from the inner side of the vertical channel, and adapted to be fastened to the top of a platform board.
218051q Preferably, the channel base closes off the bottom of the channel and the toe board bracket is adapted for side mounting to a platform board and the mounting flange is vertically spaced upwardly from the channel base, whereby the mounting flange can be secured to the top of 5 a platform board, with the inner side extending down beside the platform board, so that abutment of the inner side against a side edge of the platform board provides resistance to bending loads applied to a toe board secured in the bracket.
One or both of the inner and outer sides can include 10 apertures for fasteners and vertically extending reinforcing ribs on the exterior thereof.
To improve the durability of the bracket, especially when it is formed from a plastics material, it preferably includes a single aperture in the mounting flange and a tubular rivet therein, for securing the bracket 15 to a platform board.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the bracket is adapted for mounting on top of a platform board, and the channel base then connects the sides of the vertical channel at the top thereof to close off the top of the channel, the mounting flange extends 20 from the bottom of the inner side, and an outer vertical flange is provided, extending from the bottom of the outer side, for abutting a vertical side edge of a platform board.
Advantageously, this embodiment includes an outer horizontal flange extending between the outer side and the outer vertical 25 flange, to space a toe board inwardly from the side edge of a platform board.This version preferably again include a plurality of ribs extending from the mounting flange around the inner and outer sides on the base and across the outer vertical and horizontal flanges.
Another aspect of the present invention encompasses a 30 scaffolding assembly, which comprises a three dimensional framework which defines at least one generally horizontal platform. A plurality of platform boards are mounted on the platform to form a substantially horizontal platform surface. A plurality of toe board brackets, as defined here, are secured to the platform boards. The flanges of the toe board brackets are secured to platform boards such that the channel of the toe board bracket is located adjacent a free outer edge of a platform board. A
plurality of toe boards are located in the channels of the toe board brackets.
The present invention should be simple, reusable, inexpensive to manufacture, and able to facilitate the use of toe boards of differing lengths in scaffolding assemblies. The present invention should provide simple and quick assembly and disassembly of scaffolding structures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES
For a better understanding of the present invention and to show more clearly how it may be carried into affect, referellce will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings, which show preferred embodiments of the present invention and in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a toe board bracket in accordance with the present invention from one side and above;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of the toe board bracket in Figure 1 from the other side and below;
Figure 3 is a view from one side of the toe board bracket of Figure 1;
Figure 4 is an end view of the toe board bracket of Figure l;
Figure 5 is a sectional view along line 5-5 of Figure 4;
Figure 6 is a view of the bracket of Figure 1 from the underside;
Figure 7 is a view of the toe board bracket of Figure 1 from the other side;
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Figure 8 is a perspective view of a top mounting toe board in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 9 is a side view of the bracket of Figure 8, showing mounting of the bracket;
Figure 10 is a side view of the bracket of Figures 8 and 9, when mounted; and Figure 11 is a perspective view of a scaffolding assembly according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Reference will first be made to Figures 1-7 which show a first embodiment of a side mounting toe board bracket.
The first embodiment of a side mounting bracket is generally denoted by the reference 110. As for the earlier embodiments, this bracket 110 defines a vertical channel, here denoted 112, with open ends. A
channel base 114 closes off the bottom of the channel and the channel is defined by an inner channel side 116 and an outer channel side 118. A
mounting flange 120 extends to one side away from the inner channel side 116. The inner side 116 continues into an extension 122.
Here, the flange 120 as best seen in Figure 3, presents a generally corrugated profile, having raised portions 124 and lower portions 126 alternating therewith, there being lower portions 126 at either end of the flange 120 and a raised portion 124 in the middle of the flange 120. It can further be noted that, at a junction with the inner channel side 116, this effect is accentuated. As shown in Figure 4, the lower portions are intended to abut a platform board and extend purely horizontally from the inner channel side 116. The raised portions 124, however, show an inclined part 128, so that the relative vertical spacing between the raised and lower portions 124, 126, i.e. the corrugated effect, increases towards the inner channel side 116.
-This is important, to resist the sorts of loads that can be applied to a toe board 60. A toe board is likely to be struck or subject to loads near the top thereof. This imparts a clockwise bending moment, particularly to the outer channel side 118, as viewed in Figure 4. This bending moment is transferred, mainly through the outer channel side 118, the base 114 and then through the inner channel side 116 to the flange 120;
some part of it may be transferred directly to the inner channel side 116, particularly if this is well secured by nails.
Now, the arrangement of this embodiment is designed to provide good transfer of such moments to the flange 120, and then through the flange to the platform board. For this reason, the raised and lowered portions 124, 126 are spaced further apart adjacent the mounting flange 120, to provide greater resistance to bending moments.
As shown on the underside view of Figure 6, a transverse strip or pad 130 extends across between the lower portions 126, undemeath the raised portions 124. In the center of this strip 134, there is an aperture 132 for a mounting nail. This aperture 132 is provided with a steel rivet 134 to reinforce the aperture and to provide adequate wear characteristics. The rivet 134 is either molded or drilled and pressed into the aperture 132. The rivet 134 is tubular and includes a collar 34a at the top and a sleeve 34b lining the aperture.
It can further be noted that, the underneath corner where the flange 120 meets the inner channel side 116 forms an essentially right angle corner with only slight rounding of the corner. This ensures that both the flange 120 and side 116 can closely abut the top and sides of a platform board. This again ensures good transfer of bending moments. The abutment of the side 116 against the board edge additionally serves to transfer bending loads applied to a toe board to the platform board.
Tuming now to details of the inner channel side 116, this is best shown in Figures 3 and 4. The inner channel side is provided with a series of ribs 136, including a central rib 137. There are a pair of ribs 136 on -either side. Each rib 136, 137 comprises a lower portion 136a, 137a and an upper portion 136b, 137b. The width of the lower portions is typically 0.190 inches, while the width of the upper portions 136b is typically 0.125 inches.
For the depth of the ribs, i.e. in a direction perpendicular to the side 116, the four side ribs 136 have a uniform height of 0.125 inches, with the side 116 also having a thickness of 0.125 or 8 th of an inch. It is here noted that in general, most parts of the bracket have a thickness of 8 (0.125) inches. The central rib 137 tapers, as shown, to a thickness that approaches 0.25 inches at the lower end thereof.
To further improve the resistance to bending loads imparted to a toe board, internal gussets or small ribs 138 are provided between the channel base 114, and the inner and outer channel sides 116, 118.
Turning to the outer channel side 118, this is provided with a pattern of reinforcing ribs 139, best shown in Figures 4,5,6 and 7.
Here, there are lower rib portions 140, which have the greatest depth (i.e. in a direction perpendicular to the side 118), as a bending moment will be greatest at the bottom of the channel. Thus, the lower portions 140 have a depth of the order of 0.3125 inches, and a width of about 0.190 inches. As shown in Figure 5, the rib portions 140, and indeed the rib proportions in general, can be provided with a suitable taper, to facilitate release from a mold in manner. As shown, there are nine lower rib portions 140.
These lower rib portions 140 blend smoothly into upper rib portions 142, 143 which have a constant height of 8 of an inch. As, shown, there is a single, central upper rib portion 142 and two pairs of side ribs 143. Transverse strips or pads 144 extend between the ribs 143 to strengthen them.
As shown, the lowermost pads 144 are provided with apertures 146 for nails, to enable a toe board to be secured within the bracket.Corresponding apertures 148 are provided on the inner channel side 116.
The apertures 146, 148 are aligned, for ease of molding. This enables a single mandrel to be used for each pair of apertures 146, 148. In use nails will be inserted from just one side.
Concerning overall dimensions of the bracket, the following are typical to mention. It can have a length of 5 inches, and overall height of 68 inches. The channel 112 has a width of 1 inch, and the flange 120, in a direction perpendicular to the side 116, a width of 1.875 inches.
To facilitate insertion of a toe board, the inner side 116 is 2 an inch shorter than the outer channel side 118, as shown. Further, as in an earlier embodiment, the upper edges of the sides 116, 118 are chamfered or tapered, as indicated at 119.
Reference will now be made to Figures 8,9 and 10, which show a fourth or top mounting bracket, indicated by the reference 150.
The bracket 150 includes an inner side 152, an outer side 154 and a mounting flange 156. Since this is a top mounting bracket, the flange 156 extends from the bottom of the inner side 152, and is connected by an inclined portion 157.
A channel 158 is defined between the sides 152, 154. For this top mounting version, a channel base 160 forms a top connecting the sides 152, 154.
The outer side 154 continues into an outer horizontal flange 162, which in turn continues into an outer vertical flange 164, for abutting the top and side edges of a platform board respectively.
As in the other embodiments, reinforcing ribs are provided. On the exterior, there are a three reinforcing ribs 166 which extend from the mounting flange 156 to the outer vertical flange 164. These three ribs all have a similar profile. As shown, each rib has a width of thickness of 0.25 inches and a depth or height of over the outer horizontal and vertical flanges 162, 164 of 0.375 inches. This depth of height reduces to 0.25 inches for the remainder of the ribs 166. As shown, the internal corners 218051~
of this bracket are generally rounded, with other thicknesses generally being 0.125 inches. The inclined portion 157 is at an angle of 30~ to the vertical.
The central rib 166 is enlarged at two places. At 161, an enlargement for a gate dimple is provided. On each side, although only visible for the inner side 152, there is an enlarged portion 178 with a nail aperture 180.
In the mounting flange 156, the ribs blend into the main portion of the mounting flange 156 which has a thickness of 0.25 inches.
An aperture 168 is provided. A tubular reinforcing rivet 170 has a planar head 172 and a sleeve 174. The bracket 150 would be molded in plastic, as the earlier embodiments. The rivet 170, as the rivet in the previous embodiment is intended to protect the plastic from impacts etc.
The channel 158 is preferably tapered, having a width of - of an inch at the bottom, i.e. where the inclined portion 157 meets the inner side 152, and a width of 1.125 inches at the top. This is to enable the bracket to accommodate either 1 inch or - of an inch thick boards.
In use, the inclined portion 157 facilitates insertion of a board. In particular, for a 1 inch wide board, the board can be slid flush against the inclined portion 157 and the bracket then tilted, to expand the channel 158, to accommodate the 1 inch wide board, the sides of the bracket then being resiliently biassed to clamp the board 60.
Then, the board 60 with an appropriate number of brackets 150 would be located on the edge of a platform board 58. Each mounting bracket 150 would be located so that its outer vertical flange 164 abutted the side of the platform board. A nail would then be inserted through the rivet to secure the bracket in position.
The bracket 150 works similarly with - inch thick boards.
In this case, the bracket would not be expanded significantly or at all.
The brackets of the present invention have numerous advantages of known mounting techniques, and in particular the bracket configuration shown in U.S. Patent 3,836,106.
Thus, in the embodiments described, the channel is configured to permit easy insertion of the bracket. In the third embodiment, this is achieved by providing different heights for the sides of the channel, while in the top mount version of the bracket, the inclined 5 portion at the bottom provides the same function.
The brackets are dimensioned to keep the number of mounting points to a minimum. One bracket for every 4 foot of length should be sufficient. The sides of the bracket can be dimensioned to pinch the toe board of the top, for the side mount version, or at the bottom, for the 10 top mount version.
The brackets rest on sides of the platform boards, adjacent side edges thereof. The brackets are simply attached by a single nail.
Consequently, the bracket does not interfere with cleats on platform boards.
The bracket itself is not driven on to the platform board, and includes no 15 teeth, serrations or the like which secure the bracket and which would damage the platform board upon removal. Rather, all that is required is removal of a single nail. It is conceivable that the brackets can be left secured to the toe boards.
With regard to overall dimension for the top mounting 20 bracket 150 including ribs and all flanges, it can have an overall height of 758 ~ a length of 3, and an overall width around 4.3 . The mounting flange 120 to the inside of the inner side 116 can be 2.25, with the horizontal outer flange 162 having a length, as in Figure 10 of 0.5 (the displacement between the outer flange 164 and outer side 154) and the vertical outer flange 164 25 having a height of 1.125, measured from the top of the horizontal flange 162.
Referring now to Figure 11, this shows a scaffolding assembly generally indicated by the reference 50. In known manner, the assembly 50 can include vertical tubes 52, horizontal tubes 54 and 30 appropriate diagonal bracing tubes (not shown). The vertical tubes 52 would include appropriate ground supports (also not shown). Clamping ._ brackets 56 secure the various tubes together to form a three dimensional framework. This can be assembled in known manner, and the exact nature of the tubes, brackets etc., is not essential to the present invention and any suitable proprietary scaffolding system can be employed. The horizontal 5 tubes 54 serve to define a horizontal platform. Platform boards 58 are secured to complete the platform.
Toe board brackets 110 or 150, according to the present invention, are secured in position by fasteners to the edge of the platform 58. It is expected that nails will be used as fasteners, but it is conceivable that 10 screws or other suitable fasteners can be used, depending upon the application.
It can be noted that the toe boards are stable even without fasteners. However, to secure the toe boards 110, 150, particularly to prevent them from sliding out the ends of the brackets 10, nails 40 are 15 inserted through the apertures in either the inner or the outer sides of the brackets. Usually the nails 40 will be inserted through one side, and commonly it will be convenient to insert the nails 40 through the outer side 118 or 154. However, for installations where the scaffolding is located adjacent to a vertical work surface, e.g. the side of a building, the side of a 20 large storage tank, etc., this may not be possible. In such cases, the nails would be inserted through the inner side 116 or 152.
The toe boards 60 are then securely held in position. In particular, impacts from the inside of the toe boards 60, tending to dislodge them, are absorbed by the nails 40 through the apertures of the mounting 25 flanges. It can be noted that these loads impart a shear load on the nails, which nails are inherently well adapted to resist.
Consequently, it is virtually impossible for the toe board 60 to be dislodged by normal loads and impacts encountered. Excessive loads may tend to bend the channel relative to the mounting flange, in 30 either embodiment, but the brackets could be dimensioned to provide a suitable safety margin over standard loads encountered in use. In contrast, in conventional practice, loads on the toe boards tend to impart an axial load on the nails tending to extract them, which all too often happens, causing the toe boards to fall off.
The brackets of the present invention have a number of other advantages. The brackets 110, 150 can be used to join toe boards 60 of differing, varied and odd lengths. Where long boards are available, brackets can be spaced at suitable intervals along the length of the board to securely hold the board in position. A further advantage is that the bracket can make up for short discrepancies in the length of the boards. Thus, there could be gap of a few inches between the boards supported by it. Since the channel has a comparable height to the toe boards, it effectively fills this gapbetween the two toe boards, unlike the proposal in the Gray patent.
The apertures in the inner and outer sides can be vertically staggered, so that the nails in these apertures do not interfere withone another. They may alternatively be staggered slightly horizontally. For ease of molding and anticipating that nails will usually be inserted from just one side, The exact dimensions for the bracket will depend upon local regulations, standard sizes of timber locally available, etc. In particular, the height of the bracket and the height of toe boards may be subject to local regulations. However, the following dimensions are ~refelled.
The brackets can be dimensioned to accommodate a variety of plank widths. In particular, they can be dimensioned to accept and securely hold both - inch and 1 inch thick planks, which are currently common in the industry in North America.
The side mount version has sharp corners where required, to ensure close fitting against the edge of a platform board, with no more than a - inch thick gap. For the top mount version, there should be no gap. Accordingly, objects of any significant size cannot then be kicked or accidentally displaced from the platform boards.
The preferred form of the bracket is molded from a high strength material, such as glass-filled nylon. It has reinforcing ribs dimensioned to efficiently transfer applied loads. These ribs blend smoothly with raised portions providing apertures for nail insertion. For the critical attachment point to the platform board, the aperture can be reinforced with a rivet and grommet.
By forming the bracket from a suitable polymer, it can have a low weight, for example less than- of a pound. This is important on a construction site. Scaffolding necessarily has to be lifted and raised to great heights, and then dismantled at the end of a job. Any reduction in weight is a significant benefit. This also provides adequate chemical, corrosion, impact and UV resistance. The bracket can be suitably colored, for example with standard safety yellow color, and can be recyclable.
To remove either embodiment of the bracket, a single upward thrust towards the deck center is sufficient.
The bracket is wide enough to be used as a splice member.
In other words, the ends of two toe boards can be placed in the bracket and secured. To this end, two space nail holes are provided on the inner and outer sides.
The bracket is universal and can be used on any deck surface. Further, it can be used on all types of scaffolding currently known to the inventors. More particularly, the top mount version permits application to some scaffolding designs, for which the side mount version is impractical.
The bracket can accommodate toe boards of - inch to 1 inch width and from 4- inch to 6 inch height. The bracket could readily be dimensioned to accept larger toe boards, for example having a 2 inch x 6 inch dimensions.
Claims (29)
1. A toe board bracket, for use with scaffolding having generally horizontal platform boards and generally vertical perimeter toe boards, the toe board bracket comprising: an elongate, substantially rigid vertical channel, which is open at both ends, which comprises inner and outer sides spaced apart to accommodate interposition of a toe board and a channel base connecting the sides of the vertical channel and closing off one of the top and the bottom of the channel, the other of the top and the bottom of the channel being open; and a single mounting flange secured to and extending substantially perpendicularly from the inner side of the vertical channel, and adapted to be fastened to the top of a platform board.
2. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 1, wherein the channel base closes off the bottom of the channel and the toe board bracket is adapted for side mounting to a platform board and wherein the mounting flange is vertically spaced upwardly from the channel base, whereby the mounting flange can be secured to the top of a platform board, with the inner side extending down beside the platform board, so that abutment of the inner side against a side edge of the platform board provides resistance to bending loads applied to a toe board secured in the bracket.
3. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 2, wherein a substantially sharp corner is provided between the underside of the flange and the inner side, to enable both the inner side and the flange to abut a platform board closely.
4. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 2, wherein both the flange and at least one of the inner and outer sides include apertures for fasteners.
5. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 4, wherein both of the inner and outer sides include apertures for fasteners.
6. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 5, wherein at least one of the inner and outer sides includes vertically extending reinforcing ribs on the exterior thereof.
7. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 6, wherein both of the inner and outer sides include vertically extending reinforcing ribs on the exterior thereof.
8. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mounting flange is reinforced to resist bending moments.
9. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 8, wherein the mounting flange is corrugated and includes lower portions and raised portions alternating with one another.
10. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 9, wherein the vertical spacing between the lower portions and the raised portions of the mounting bracket increases towards the inner side, to increase the resistance to bending moments adjacent to the inner side.
11. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 8, wherein the ribs vary in width.
12. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 11, wherein the ribs on both the inner and outer sides comprise lower and upper rib portions.
13. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 12, wherein the ribs on the inner side comprise a central rib having a depth which increases towards the mounting flange and the four outer ribs of substantially constant depth, and wherein the width of the lower portions of the inner side ribs is greater than the width of the upper portions thereof.
14. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 13, wherein the inner side includes a downward extension beneath the base, and wherein the outer ribs on the outer side extend from said extension around the base and along the outer side, wherein lower portions of the outer ribs have a greater depth than the upper portions thereof, wherein the upper portions of the outer ribs have a substantially constant depth, and wherein the outer ribs comprise a single central rib and pairs of outer ribs, each pair of outer ribs having upper portions and transverse strips extending between the upper portions.
15. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 14, which includes a single aperture in the mounting flange and a tubular rivet therein, for securing the bracket to a platform board.
16. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 8, which includes a single aperture in the mounting flange and a tubular rivet therein, for securing the bracket to a platform board.
17. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 12, wherein the mounting flange is corrugated and comprises alternating raised and lowered parts.
18. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 8, 12 or 17, which is molded from a plastic material.
19. A mounting bracket as claimed in claim 1, which is adapted for mounting on top of a platform board, wherein the channel base connects the sides of the vertical channel at the top thereof to close off the top of the channel, wherein the mounting flange extends from the bottom of the inner side, and wherein an outer vertical flange is provided, extending from the bottom of the outer side, for abutting a vertical side edge of a platform board.
20. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 19, which includes an outer horizontal flange extending between the outer side and the outer vertical flange, to space a toe board inwardly from the side edge of a platform board.
21. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 20, which includes a plurality of ribs extending from the mounting flange around the inner and outer sides on the base and across the outer vertical and horizontal flanges.
22. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 21, wherein the ribs have substantially similar dimensions and a substantially uniform depth along the side edges and the base and have an increased depth along the outer horizontal and vertical flanges.
23. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 22, which includes three ribs.
24. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 21, which includes an inclined portion extending between the mounting flange and the inner side.
25. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 24, wherein the mounting flange has an increased thickness with respect to the inner and outer sides.
26. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 25, wherein the mounting flange includes a single aperture and a tubular rivet lining the aperture, to enable the toe board bracket to be secured by a fastener to a platform board.
27. A toe board bracket as claimed in claim 26, wherein the channel has a maximum width at the top thereof and a minimum width towards the mounting flange, to enable toe boards of different thicknesses to be securely mounted.
28. A toe board bracket is claimed in claim 28, which is molded from a plastic material.
29. In combination, a plurality of toe board brackets as claimed in claim 1, and a scaffolding assembly comprising:
(a) a three dimensional framework defining at least one generally horizontal platform;
(b) a plurality of platform boards mounted on the platform to form a substantially horizontal platform surface;
(c) a plurality of toe boards, wherein the flange of each toe board bracket is secured on top of a platform board with the channel located adjacent an edge of the platform board, and wherein the toe boards are located and secured in the channels of the brackets.
(a) a three dimensional framework defining at least one generally horizontal platform;
(b) a plurality of platform boards mounted on the platform to form a substantially horizontal platform surface;
(c) a plurality of toe boards, wherein the flange of each toe board bracket is secured on top of a platform board with the channel located adjacent an edge of the platform board, and wherein the toe boards are located and secured in the channels of the brackets.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002180519A CA2180519A1 (en) | 1995-11-15 | 1996-07-04 | Toe board bracket for scaffolding |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CA1995/000657 WO1996015343A1 (en) | 1994-11-16 | 1995-11-15 | Toe board bracket for scaffolding |
| WOPCT/CA95/00657 | 1995-11-15 | ||
| US65179996A | 1996-05-22 | 1996-05-22 | |
| US08/651,799 | 1996-05-22 | ||
| CA002180519A CA2180519A1 (en) | 1995-11-15 | 1996-07-04 | Toe board bracket for scaffolding |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2180519A1 true CA2180519A1 (en) | 1997-05-16 |
Family
ID=27170167
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002180519A Abandoned CA2180519A1 (en) | 1995-11-15 | 1996-07-04 | Toe board bracket for scaffolding |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2180519A1 (en) |
-
1996
- 1996-07-04 CA CA002180519A patent/CA2180519A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 19990705 |