CA2171135C - Bank note discriminator - Google Patents
Bank note discriminator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2171135C CA2171135C CA002171135A CA2171135A CA2171135C CA 2171135 C CA2171135 C CA 2171135C CA 002171135 A CA002171135 A CA 002171135A CA 2171135 A CA2171135 A CA 2171135A CA 2171135 C CA2171135 C CA 2171135C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- bank note
- guideway
- inlet
- accumulator
- latch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F7/00—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
- G07F7/04—Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by paper currency
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
- G07F1/00—Coin inlet arrangements; Coins specially adapted to operate coin-freed mechanisms
- G07F1/04—Coin chutes
- G07F1/041—Coin chutes with means, other than for testing currency, for dealing with inserted foreign matter, e.g. "stuffing", "stringing" or "salting"
- G07F1/042—Coin chutes with means, other than for testing currency, for dealing with inserted foreign matter, e.g. "stuffing", "stringing" or "salting" the foreign matter being a long flexible member attached to a coin
- G07F1/043—Cutting or trapping of the flexible member or the attached coin
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
- Chairs For Special Purposes, Such As Reclining Chairs (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is directed to a bank note discriminator having certain design features to make unauthorized withdrawal of an accepted bank note difficult. The passageway along which a bank note is processed includes a series of fixed blocking members with a camming surface one side and an undercut on the opposite side. Some of the blocking members are aligned with latches and others are located between latches. A bank note passing over the latches is deformed in a series of 'S' shapes across the bank note to clear the blocking members. It is difficult to impart this shape to a bank note once it has cleared the blocking members, thereby making unauthorized withdrawal difficult.
Description
'' Z~'~113~
TITLE: BANK NOTE DISCRTMTNATnR
FTET_.D OF THE INVENTTON
The present invention is related to bank note discriminators, and in particular bank note discriminators which process bank notes in a manner to avoid unauthorized removal of accepted bank notes.
BAGKGROLn_~ OF THE INVENmTnN
Bank note discriminators or validators are now well known and have many applications. These machines provide a very reliable machine interface which allows a user to process a bank note and receive a credit or authorization to take a related step.
This convenience allows the machines to be placed in locations which are convenient for the user. Some of these locations may be remote locations making the machines vulnerable to fraudulent activities. One such fraudulent activity is attaching a trailing line or thin adhesive tape to the rear edge of a bank note and after receiving proper credit for processing the bank note, the user attempts to withdraw the bank note from the discriminator by pulling on the attached line. A more sophisticated arrangement involves the subsequent processing of an invalid bill and when the validator ejects the fraudulent bill, the person also withdraws the previously accepted bill by pulling on the string or thin adhesive tape attached to the trailing edge. The discriminator has various movable components to allow ejection and the person uses this feature to attempt to defraud the device.
One structure for opposing unauthorized withdrawal of accepted bank notes is used in the validator manufactured by CashCode Company Inc. and sold under the trademark VB-01. This validator includes a number of stationary capture members which project into the passageway through which the bank notes passes. These capture members are configured to allow caroming of the bank note thereover as it is processed from the inlet to the ~508CA
~1'~113~
accumulator. Once the trailing edge of the bank note passes the capture members, any attempt to withdraw the bank note towards the inlet results in the trailing edge engaging the capture members. A similar design is shown in European Patent 0 651 356 A1. These prior designs can still be vulnerable to the second type of fraudulent activity when the original bank note has a fishing line or thin piece of adhesive tape applied thereto or a series of trailing edges of thin adhesive tape which are aligned with the teeth. Therefore, the bank note does not have an abrupt edge which comes into contact with the teeth when the bank note is attempted to be withdrawn.
The present invention seeks to overcome these problems.
SUWARY OF THE INVENTION
A bank note discriminator according to the present invention has a bank note inlet, a drive arrangement for driving a bank note through a guideway between the bank note inlet and a bank note accumulator, where the guideway has spaced thereacross at least two movable latches which move to allow a bank note to pass the latch during movement of the bank note from the inlet to the accumulator and block the guideway if a bank note is attempted to be withdrawn from the accumulator and moved towards the inlet.
The guideway immediately adjacent the latches includes stationary blocking edges which project into the guideway and allow movement of the bank note over the blocking edges when the bank note is moved from the inlet to the accumulator while providing blocking edges which engage a leading edge of the bank note when mewed from the accumulator towards the inlet. It has been found that the combining of the latch with stationary blocking edges immediately adjacent a latch render the validator less vulnerable to fraudulent withdrawal of accepted bank notes.
According to a preferred embodiment, the discriminator also includes stationary blocking members
TITLE: BANK NOTE DISCRTMTNATnR
FTET_.D OF THE INVENTTON
The present invention is related to bank note discriminators, and in particular bank note discriminators which process bank notes in a manner to avoid unauthorized removal of accepted bank notes.
BAGKGROLn_~ OF THE INVENmTnN
Bank note discriminators or validators are now well known and have many applications. These machines provide a very reliable machine interface which allows a user to process a bank note and receive a credit or authorization to take a related step.
This convenience allows the machines to be placed in locations which are convenient for the user. Some of these locations may be remote locations making the machines vulnerable to fraudulent activities. One such fraudulent activity is attaching a trailing line or thin adhesive tape to the rear edge of a bank note and after receiving proper credit for processing the bank note, the user attempts to withdraw the bank note from the discriminator by pulling on the attached line. A more sophisticated arrangement involves the subsequent processing of an invalid bill and when the validator ejects the fraudulent bill, the person also withdraws the previously accepted bill by pulling on the string or thin adhesive tape attached to the trailing edge. The discriminator has various movable components to allow ejection and the person uses this feature to attempt to defraud the device.
One structure for opposing unauthorized withdrawal of accepted bank notes is used in the validator manufactured by CashCode Company Inc. and sold under the trademark VB-01. This validator includes a number of stationary capture members which project into the passageway through which the bank notes passes. These capture members are configured to allow caroming of the bank note thereover as it is processed from the inlet to the ~508CA
~1'~113~
accumulator. Once the trailing edge of the bank note passes the capture members, any attempt to withdraw the bank note towards the inlet results in the trailing edge engaging the capture members. A similar design is shown in European Patent 0 651 356 A1. These prior designs can still be vulnerable to the second type of fraudulent activity when the original bank note has a fishing line or thin piece of adhesive tape applied thereto or a series of trailing edges of thin adhesive tape which are aligned with the teeth. Therefore, the bank note does not have an abrupt edge which comes into contact with the teeth when the bank note is attempted to be withdrawn.
The present invention seeks to overcome these problems.
SUWARY OF THE INVENTION
A bank note discriminator according to the present invention has a bank note inlet, a drive arrangement for driving a bank note through a guideway between the bank note inlet and a bank note accumulator, where the guideway has spaced thereacross at least two movable latches which move to allow a bank note to pass the latch during movement of the bank note from the inlet to the accumulator and block the guideway if a bank note is attempted to be withdrawn from the accumulator and moved towards the inlet.
The guideway immediately adjacent the latches includes stationary blocking edges which project into the guideway and allow movement of the bank note over the blocking edges when the bank note is moved from the inlet to the accumulator while providing blocking edges which engage a leading edge of the bank note when mewed from the accumulator towards the inlet. It has been found that the combining of the latch with stationary blocking edges immediately adjacent a latch render the validator less vulnerable to fraudulent withdrawal of accepted bank notes.
According to a preferred embodiment, the discriminator also includes stationary blocking members
- 2 -provide a blocking surface in line with each latch such that the blocking members will contact the bank note along the surface that passes under the latch.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a sectional view of the passageway of a bank note discriminator;
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along line B-B
of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1 where part of the passageway has been downwardly displaced;
Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along line C-C
of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a sectional view of a modified passageway;
Figure 6 is a view taken along line D-D of Figure 5;
Figure 7 shows a variation of the passageway; and Figure 8 is a sectional view of an alternate embodiment where the passageway is curved.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The bank note discriminator 2 has a guideway 8 extending from the bank note inlet 4 to the bank note accumulator 10. A drive arrangement 6 drives the bank note through the guideway. Positioned at an intermediate point in the guideway is plurality of movable latches 12 which have a cam surface 13 facing the inlet 4. As a bank note is driven through the passageway, the latch 12 is cammed to an open position allowing the bank note to pass by the latch and into the accumulator 10. In so doing, the bank note passes over blocking edges 20 associated with the latch 12 and positioned either side of the latch, as shown in Figure 1. As can be seen, the bank note, as it passes by the latch 12, goes through a bent transition segment 30, which is easily accommodated due to the resiliency of the bank note. With this arrangement, any attempts to withdraw
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a sectional view of the passageway of a bank note discriminator;
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along line B-B
of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1 where part of the passageway has been downwardly displaced;
Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along line C-C
of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a sectional view of a modified passageway;
Figure 6 is a view taken along line D-D of Figure 5;
Figure 7 shows a variation of the passageway; and Figure 8 is a sectional view of an alternate embodiment where the passageway is curved.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The bank note discriminator 2 has a guideway 8 extending from the bank note inlet 4 to the bank note accumulator 10. A drive arrangement 6 drives the bank note through the guideway. Positioned at an intermediate point in the guideway is plurality of movable latches 12 which have a cam surface 13 facing the inlet 4. As a bank note is driven through the passageway, the latch 12 is cammed to an open position allowing the bank note to pass by the latch and into the accumulator 10. In so doing, the bank note passes over blocking edges 20 associated with the latch 12 and positioned either side of the latch, as shown in Figure 1. As can be seen, the bank note, as it passes by the latch 12, goes through a bent transition segment 30, which is easily accommodated due to the resiliency of the bank note. With this arrangement, any attempts to withdraw
- 3 -~i$QBCA
t~ X171135 a bank note from the accumulator 10 to the outlet requires the bank note to pass through the transition segment 30 and the former trailing edge of the bank note will be caught either on the movable latch 12 or the blocking edges 20.
It can be seen that the transition segment 30 has a projecting member 42 extending into the passageway and a corresponding recess 40 provided opposite the projecting undercut member 42. The bank note follows this curved transition as it is moved from the inlet to the accumulator. If a bank note is attempted to be withdrawn from the accumulator to the inlet, the bank note passes by the projecting member 42 and the recess 40, and in so doing, positions the bank note for contact with the blocking edges 20. Thus, a bank note is guided past members 22 and 42 and will capture in an undercut region a former trailing edge of a bank note attempting to be withdrawn from the validator. Ejection of a rejected bill is not a problem, as the trailing edge has not passed these members.
As described in the background of the invention, one approach for attempting to defraud bank note discriminators is to pass a valid bill through the discriminator, but attached to the trailing edge of the bank note either a fishing line or thin adhesive tape. The thin adhesive tape is positioned to align itself with any projecting tabs. Thus, the bank note is processed by the discriminator and the valid bank note is deposited in the accumulator 10. The thin adhesive tape still extends to the inlet 4. The criminal then inserts a fraudulent bill which is detected by the discriminator and is then ejected from the discriminator. The initial insertion of the bill causes the latch 12 to move to a clear position and it is at this time the criminal pulls on the thin adhesive tape and tries to withdraw the valid bill. If the thin adhesive tape precisely aligns with the various projections, the bank note can be withdrawn.
It has been found with the present invention, as shown in the sectional view of Figure 1, that the blocking
t~ X171135 a bank note from the accumulator 10 to the outlet requires the bank note to pass through the transition segment 30 and the former trailing edge of the bank note will be caught either on the movable latch 12 or the blocking edges 20.
It can be seen that the transition segment 30 has a projecting member 42 extending into the passageway and a corresponding recess 40 provided opposite the projecting undercut member 42. The bank note follows this curved transition as it is moved from the inlet to the accumulator. If a bank note is attempted to be withdrawn from the accumulator to the inlet, the bank note passes by the projecting member 42 and the recess 40, and in so doing, positions the bank note for contact with the blocking edges 20. Thus, a bank note is guided past members 22 and 42 and will capture in an undercut region a former trailing edge of a bank note attempting to be withdrawn from the validator. Ejection of a rejected bill is not a problem, as the trailing edge has not passed these members.
As described in the background of the invention, one approach for attempting to defraud bank note discriminators is to pass a valid bill through the discriminator, but attached to the trailing edge of the bank note either a fishing line or thin adhesive tape. The thin adhesive tape is positioned to align itself with any projecting tabs. Thus, the bank note is processed by the discriminator and the valid bank note is deposited in the accumulator 10. The thin adhesive tape still extends to the inlet 4. The criminal then inserts a fraudulent bill which is detected by the discriminator and is then ejected from the discriminator. The initial insertion of the bill causes the latch 12 to move to a clear position and it is at this time the criminal pulls on the thin adhesive tape and tries to withdraw the valid bill. If the thin adhesive tape precisely aligns with the various projections, the bank note can be withdrawn.
It has been found with the present invention, as shown in the sectional view of Figure 1, that the blocking
- 4 -VdH-9508CA
edges 20 should be positioned immediately adjacent the latch 12. If a criminal attempts to use thin adhesive tape to secure a bank note and tries to align this with the edges 20, he, in all likelihood, will stop the latch 12 from moving to the down position of Figure 2. A sensor is associated with the latch and unless the latch moves to this position, a bill is not accepted. Therefore, by closely placing the blocking edges 20 immediately adjacent the latch, the approach described above for cheating of the discriminator is avoided.
The embodiment of Figure 3 shows a further feature of the invention where a portion of the passageway has been downwardly displaced.
In the embodiment of Figures 3 and 4, the central portion of the guideway has been downwardly displaced, and therefore, the guideway not only includes a bent transition segment in its length, but it also has a bent transition segment across its width and this provides additional difficulty in attempting to defraud the device. The embodiment of Figures 5 and 6 show further features of variations in the guideway across its width. The embodiment of Figure 7 shows the three latching members secured by a common rod 25. If any of the latches do not return to the down position, as generally shown in Figure 2, 4 and 6, a note is not accepted.
It is preferred, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, that each latch member 13 has a stationary blocking member 22 or 23 with an undercut aligned with, and upstream of, the latch member 13. Blocking members 22 and 23 alternate between latch members 13 to provide a curved transition across the width of the passageway. These blocking members overlap in the height of the passageway forcing a bank note to appropriately distort as it is moved from the inlet to the accumulator. This necessary deformation is difficult to achieve to fraudulently withdraw a bank note.
A partial view of a validator is shown in Figure 8 as 50 and the validator has a curved passageway 54 connecting the inlet 52 with a discharge point, generally
edges 20 should be positioned immediately adjacent the latch 12. If a criminal attempts to use thin adhesive tape to secure a bank note and tries to align this with the edges 20, he, in all likelihood, will stop the latch 12 from moving to the down position of Figure 2. A sensor is associated with the latch and unless the latch moves to this position, a bill is not accepted. Therefore, by closely placing the blocking edges 20 immediately adjacent the latch, the approach described above for cheating of the discriminator is avoided.
The embodiment of Figure 3 shows a further feature of the invention where a portion of the passageway has been downwardly displaced.
In the embodiment of Figures 3 and 4, the central portion of the guideway has been downwardly displaced, and therefore, the guideway not only includes a bent transition segment in its length, but it also has a bent transition segment across its width and this provides additional difficulty in attempting to defraud the device. The embodiment of Figures 5 and 6 show further features of variations in the guideway across its width. The embodiment of Figure 7 shows the three latching members secured by a common rod 25. If any of the latches do not return to the down position, as generally shown in Figure 2, 4 and 6, a note is not accepted.
It is preferred, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, that each latch member 13 has a stationary blocking member 22 or 23 with an undercut aligned with, and upstream of, the latch member 13. Blocking members 22 and 23 alternate between latch members 13 to provide a curved transition across the width of the passageway. These blocking members overlap in the height of the passageway forcing a bank note to appropriately distort as it is moved from the inlet to the accumulator. This necessary deformation is difficult to achieve to fraudulently withdraw a bank note.
A partial view of a validator is shown in Figure 8 as 50 and the validator has a curved passageway 54 connecting the inlet 52 with a discharge point, generally
- 5 -~nlH-9508CA
shown as 160. As a bill is passed from an inlet to the discharge point, various tests are carried out on it to confirm the validity thereof. These tests are well known in the art and do not form part of this particular invention. As in the earlier embodiments, a pivoting latch, or in fact a series of latches 60, are disposed across the width of the discriminator and pivot about the point generally shown as 62. A head portion of the latch 64 will move partially into the passageway with the pivoting thereof, however, this is not a problem, as the bill is already past the head when it moves at this point.
A tail portion, generally shown as 66, is shown blocking passageway 54, however, movement of the latch to clear the bill as it moves past the latch will cause the trailing portion to also clear. The gap of the passageway is restricted, partially by the head and partially by the tail. Associated with the latch and positioned either side thereof are second blocking edges 74 and as can be seen, this provides a recess into which a bill that is trying to be withdrawn from the accumulator which has previously cleared the latch will get captured. In addition, in alignment with the latch is a further series of blocking edges 72. They include their own undercut portion 73, again, to capture the edge of a bill. As can be appreciated from a review of Figure 7, it can be seen that the latch 60, even if pivotted, will be forced out of the way by a foreign member. A withdrawn bill will be urged into the recess 73 or into the recess 75 associated with the other blocking member. By providing these surfaces adjacent the latch, the fraudulent approach described in the background of the invention is avoided. It can also be seen that the head pivoting inwardly and the tail moving outwardly in the undercut thereon, again, encourages withdrawn bills to be forced into the recesses by restricting the passageway.
The present structure provides a very simple arrangement for reducing bank note discriminator fraud.
shown as 160. As a bill is passed from an inlet to the discharge point, various tests are carried out on it to confirm the validity thereof. These tests are well known in the art and do not form part of this particular invention. As in the earlier embodiments, a pivoting latch, or in fact a series of latches 60, are disposed across the width of the discriminator and pivot about the point generally shown as 62. A head portion of the latch 64 will move partially into the passageway with the pivoting thereof, however, this is not a problem, as the bill is already past the head when it moves at this point.
A tail portion, generally shown as 66, is shown blocking passageway 54, however, movement of the latch to clear the bill as it moves past the latch will cause the trailing portion to also clear. The gap of the passageway is restricted, partially by the head and partially by the tail. Associated with the latch and positioned either side thereof are second blocking edges 74 and as can be seen, this provides a recess into which a bill that is trying to be withdrawn from the accumulator which has previously cleared the latch will get captured. In addition, in alignment with the latch is a further series of blocking edges 72. They include their own undercut portion 73, again, to capture the edge of a bill. As can be appreciated from a review of Figure 7, it can be seen that the latch 60, even if pivotted, will be forced out of the way by a foreign member. A withdrawn bill will be urged into the recess 73 or into the recess 75 associated with the other blocking member. By providing these surfaces adjacent the latch, the fraudulent approach described in the background of the invention is avoided. It can also be seen that the head pivoting inwardly and the tail moving outwardly in the undercut thereon, again, encourages withdrawn bills to be forced into the recesses by restricting the passageway.
The present structure provides a very simple arrangement for reducing bank note discriminator fraud.
- 6 -~' ~508CA
~1'~1135 It has been found that the accumulator of the present invention greatly reduces the possibility of having a bank note fished out of the device in an unauthorized manner.
Although various preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described herein in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, that variations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.
~1'~1135 It has been found that the accumulator of the present invention greatly reduces the possibility of having a bank note fished out of the device in an unauthorized manner.
Although various preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described herein in detail, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, that variations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A bank note discriminator having a bank note inlet, a drive arrangement for driving a bank note through a guideway between said bank not inlet and a bank note accumulator, said guideway having spaced thereacross at least two movable latches which independently move to allow a bank note to pass the latch during movement of the bank note from said inlet to said accumulator and block said guideway if a bank note is attempted to be withdrawn from said accumulator and moved towards said inlet, said guideway immediately adjacent each latch including at least two stationary blocking edges which project into said guideway causing a local bending in the length of a banknote during movement of the banknote past said respective latch, and over said two stationary blocking edges as the banknote is moved from said inlet to said accumulator while providing blocking edges which engage a leading edge of a bank note when moved from said accumulator towards said inlet.
2. A bank note discriminator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said guideway has at least three movable latches aligned across a width of the passageway and said blocking edges project into said guideway in a manner to cause a bank note to bend across the width thereof to clear said blocking edges.
3. A bank note discriminator as claimed in claim 2 wherein some of said blocking edges are fixed on one side of said passageway and some are fixed on an opposite side of said passageway.
4. A bank note discriminator as claimed in claim 3 wherein said passageway in a length thereof forms a smooth curved transition.
5. A bank note discriminator having a bank note inlet, a drive arrangement for driving a bank note through a guideway between said bank note inlet and a bank accumulator, said guideway having spaced thereacross at least two movable latches which move to allow a bank note to move past the latch when a bank note contacts the latch during movement from said inlet to said accumulator and block said guideway if a bank note is moved from said accumulator towards said inlet, at least one of said latches including a sensor for sensing the position of said latch and each received bank note requires the movement of said latch from a blocking position to a clear position and return to a blocking position, said guideway immediately adjacent each of said latches including stationary blocking edges which project into said guideway and form a localized curved transition extending in the length of said guideway and either side of said respective latch, said stationary blocking edges allowing movement of a bank note thereover as a bank note is moved from said inlet to said accumulator while providing blocking edges which engage a leading edge of a bank note when moved from said accumulator towards said inlet.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002171135A CA2171135C (en) | 1996-03-06 | 1996-03-06 | Bank note discriminator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002171135A CA2171135C (en) | 1996-03-06 | 1996-03-06 | Bank note discriminator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2171135A1 CA2171135A1 (en) | 1997-09-07 |
| CA2171135C true CA2171135C (en) | 2001-05-15 |
Family
ID=4157696
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002171135A Expired - Fee Related CA2171135C (en) | 1996-03-06 | 1996-03-06 | Bank note discriminator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2171135C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9704325B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-07-11 | Crane Canada Co. | Cashbox with latch arrangement |
-
1996
- 1996-03-06 CA CA002171135A patent/CA2171135C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2171135A1 (en) | 1997-09-07 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20140306 |