CA2169761A1

CA2169761A1 - System for monitoring remote vending machines

Info

Publication number: CA2169761A1
Application number: CA002169761A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Christopher Eldredge; Steven Hern; Ian Robinson
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: REAL TIME DATA
Priority date: 1993-08-18
Filing date: 1994-08-17
Publication date: 1995-02-23
Also published as: JPH09507593A; WO1995005609A2; WO1995005609A3; AU7562794A; EP0716749A1

Abstract

A system for remotely monitoring a plurality of vending machines (11-14) from a central computer (15). The system includes a sensing and communication circuit that monitors the operation of the vending machine, translates the monitored operation into a common signal form whatever the machine, and transmits data packets including pertinent information back to the central computer (15).
The sensing and communication circuit includes a plurality of sensors disposed throughout the vending machine. A microprocessor reads the output signals produced by the sensors and generates a data packet that is indicative of the sensor values and the operation of the vending machine. This microprocessor is coupled to a modem that transmits the data packet over a network to the central computer system. The central computer is similarly equipped with a modem to receive the data packets.

Description

W095l05609 ~ 2 1 6 9 7 ~l PCT~S94/09126 ..

SYSTEM FOR MONITORING REMOTE VENDING MACHINES

Technical Field The present invention relates to communications systems in general and, in particular, to systems for monitoring the operation of one or more remote vending machines and transmitting data from the remote vending machines to a central computer system.

Back~round Art This application is a continuation in part of Application U.S. Serial No. 08/108,815 filed August 18, 1993, System For Monitoring Remote Vending Machines.
Vending machines, once provided by bottlers or shopkeepers solely as a secondary source of advertising or as a convenience to customers, are now viewed as significant sources of income. However, in order to operate a series of vending machines at a profit, an efficient system must be provided for adequately insuring security, maint~;n;ng, filling and removing money collected at the machines. Typically, a route of a number of vending machines employs service technicians who restock the machines, empty money and perform minor repairs on-site. These technicians often have a schedule to visit each vending machine at a predetermined time interval. The particular time interval used is often based on prior experience concerning when the machine will need refilling or when the change box will become full.
If the service visits are too infrequent, the machine can remain empty for a period of time, thereby missing sales opportunities. Alternatively, if the service visits are too frequent, then the service technician's services are not being efficiently used. Also, visits are typically scheduled over a route of machines grouped together by geography no matter a particular machine's service needs.
In order to help vending machine operators become more efficient, prior systems for monitoring remote WO95/~5609 2 1 6 9 7 6 l pcT~ss4lo9l26 vending machines have been proposed. For example, Sedam U.S. Patent 4,412,292 discloses a system that monitors the status of a vending machine and transmits data to a central computer via a dedicated phone line. Cedrone U.S.
Patent 4,766,548 discloses a system for monitoring the operation of a machine and periodically reporting data from the machine to a central computer via a non-dedicated telephone line.
While such prior art systems have been available for several years, they have not achieved widespread use in the marketplace. One reason for this is that these systems require each remote vending machine to be connected to its own telephone line. Providing each vending machine with a telephone line presents numerous problems including the fact that the telephone company must be called to install a line for each machine. The telephone line ext~n~;ng from the machine is subject to vandalism or unauthorized use and the fact that once a vending machine is coupled to a telephone line, it is inconvenient to move the machine to another location.
An alternative communications system between a vending machine and central computer is disclosed in Jackson U.S. Patent 5,142,694. Jackson discloses a system whereby a dedicated, special purpose radio communication system is used to transmit information from the remote vending machines to the central computer. The problem with this type of radio frequency communication system is that a vending machine operator must purchase specific radio communications equipment for which the operator may not have the skill or support staff to maintain. Also, the operator may have to lease space throughout a given geographic area at which to place numerous radio transceivers or repeaters. Finally, such a radio communication system occupies space on the radio frequency spectrum that may be prohibitively expensive to purchase or utilize.

W09510s609 - L~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94109126 In addition to the above, most vending machine manufacturers have proprietary wiring and internal communication systems within their vending machines, wiring and communication systems which may even vary between successive machines of the same model type. This presents problems for any monitoring of the operation of remote vending machines by typically requiring a system to be useable with only a single type of machine. This necessitates a uniquely designed and built monitoring and communication system for each type of machine. The uniqueness of individual machines also presents problems in developing correct monitoring system reports due to the difference between the information available machine to machine.
In light of the problems with the prior art systems for monitoring and communicating with a remote vending machine, there is a need for a new type of vending machine monitoring system. The system should not require a dedicated telephone line to be connected to each vending machine or the use of specialized radio frequency communication equipment. The system should allow the owner or operator of one or more vending machines to automatically keep count of the product delivered by the machine, the money collected, maintenance problems, and/or alarm conditions experienced at a remote vending machine.
The information should be presented to an operator in an intuitive fashion, thereby allowing the user to readily determine the status of a remotely located vending machine. The information should be retained and/or organized so as to communicate meaningful data about the user's business, and then be summarized in reports on conditions.
In addition, the information should be presented to the operator in a common way for all vending machines so as to allow the operator to more easily comprehend and act on such information.

W095/05609 2 1 6 9 ~ 6 1 PCT~S94/09126 Disclosure Of Invention The present invention is a system for monitoring the operation of a remotely located vending machine. A
plurality of sensors are disposed in the vending machine to sense the operation of the machine, as well as machine malfunctions. Preferably these sensors are tied in directly but not invasively to the machines wiring harness. The sensors are coupled to a microprocessor circuit, which reads the set of output signals produced by the sensors. The microprocessor creates data packets that are indicative of the output signals to be transmitted to a central computer system. The data packets of many units may be combined for unitary transmission. A modem is used to transmit the data packets to the central computer system over a network. The data packets are received by a second modem coupled to the central computer system and the information regarding the output signals of the sensors are stored in a database.
The central computer displays the information received from the vending machine in alternate formats, including graphically so that a user is able to easily determine the operating condition of the vending machine.
In addition, the central computer is optionally able to transmit data packets to the remote vending machine in order to read the memory of the microprocessor in the vending machine, rewrite the memory of the microprocessor, set operating conditions of the vending machine that constitute an alarm condition, and define what alarm conditions are critical.
The central computer optionally can also transmit data to the remote vending machine that sets a password for a service technician to be entered upon servicing the vending machine as well as transmitting message data to be read by the service technician during a service call. The present invention may also include a h~n~held data entry terminal that is used by a service technician to inform the microprocessor of the amount of W095/05609 ~ PCT~S94/09126 ~ 2~ 69761 product added, the money removed from the machine, the amount of change left in the change counter, etc. if the system utilizes such at the machines location. The handheld terminal can communicate with the microprocessor using an infrared optical link or through a lead, which is attachable to a serial plug in the vending machine. The data is retained and can be manipulated in the central computer so as to enable the operator to utilize the data m~n;ngfully over time on a comprehensive basis.
Brief Description Of The Drawinqs The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of items in the invention will become more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIGURE 1 is a block diagram of a system for remotely monitoring a plurality of vending machines according to the present invention;
FIGURE 2 is a representational block diagram of the system for monitoring a plurality of vending machines as shown in figure l;
FIGURE 3 is a representational block diagram of a tap in adaptor assembly for use in adapting individual unique mac-h;nes to the sensing and communication circuit of the present invention;
FIGURE 4 is a block diagram of a sensing and communication circuit according to the present invention that is disposed in a remote vending machine;
FIGURE 5 is a state diagram showing the operation of the sensing and communication circuit disposed in a remote vending machine;
FIGURE 6 is a flow chart showing the operation of the sensing and communication circuit in a control mode;

W095/05609 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~594/U9l2G

FIGURE 7 is a flow chart showing the operation of the sensing and communication circuit in a communications mode;
FIGURE 8 is a flow chart showing the operation of the sensing and communication circuit in a service mode;
FIGURE 9 is a flow chart showing operation of the sensing and communication circuit in an analyze mode;
FIGURE 10 is a flow chart showing the operation of the sensing and communication circuit in an alarm mode;
FIGURE 11 is a diagram showing the structure of a data packet transmitted between a remote vending machine and a central computer system;
FIGURE 12 shows a handheld data entry terminal that is used to enter data directly to the sensing and communication circuit shown in FIGURE 4;
FIGURE 13 is a block diagram of the h~n~held data entry terminal;
FIGURE 14 shows a graphical representation of a remote vending machine that is produced by the central computer system; and, FIGURE 15 shows a graphical representation of a route of remote vending machines that are monitored by the present invention.
Modes For carrYing Out The Invention FIGURE 1 is a block diagram of a system 10. for remotely monitoring a plurality of vending machines according to the present invention. The system 10 monitors the operation of a plurality of remote vending machines 11, 12, 13, 14 and transmits data indicative of the operation of the vending machines to a central computer system 15. Each vending machine is equipped with a plurality of sensors (not shown) that monitor the operation of the machine to determine the amount of product dispensed, whether there has been any unauthorized entry, if there has been power failure, as well as other woss/o56o9 I r~ 2 ~ 6 9 7 6 l PCT~S94/09126 operating conditions as will be described in further detail below. The sensors may be directly tapped into the wiring harness or otherwise present. Each vending machine further includes a modem (not shown) that is used to transmit data to the central computer system 15 over a link 16 that is provided by a network.
As will be further described below, each vending machine is equipped with a sensing and communication circuit that reads the data from a plurality of sensors and transmits one or more data packets to the central computer 15. The central computer 15 includes a suitable modem, which is coupled to the network in order to receive the data packets. The central computer system includes a database system 17 that stores the information received from each remote vending machine as well as produces written reports. The central computer 15 can read from the database to inform a user of the operating status of any vending machine that is or was in contact with the central computer.
Although the present invention is described with respect to vending machines and in particular to soft drink dispensing machines, those skilled in the art will realize that the present invention can be used with other types of vending machine, such as cigarette and candy machines, telephones, copiers, as well as numerous other types of machines where it is desirable to remotely monitor the operation of the machine.
FIGURE 2 is a block diagram of an example electronic system for remotely monitoring a plurality of vending machines according to the present invention.
The invention begins with the vending machines.
The vending machines are devices which provide the consumer with goods and/or services dependent upon receipt of some kind of payment. Most goods type vending machines are similar in that they typically contain an inventory of a variety of items for acquisition by the consumer. Each of these items is individually present in a certain W095/05609 ~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126 quantity, with payment for varying items typically being different for different types of goods and/or services.
The vending machines also typically contain a coin slot or dollar bill receptor and occasionally a credit card or other identifying card for consumer payment for the goods and/or services. Some vending machines further contain some sort of temperature altering means such as a refrigerator cooling m~ch~nism or a heating/cooling system. In addition to the above, vending machines typically have some sort of secure method for allowing service personnel to physically open the vending machine box in order to replenish the inventory and otherwise maintain the machine. Typical vending machines thus have a great deal in common with each other no matter what the particular goods or services they may be providing and no matter whom the manufacturer.
In spite of the above commonality, the actual physical mechanical and electrical parts of each vending machine vary dramatically between types of vending machines and also vary between the many individual manufacturers of such vending machines. Further, it is not uncommon for even a set type of a particular vending machine manufactured by a single company to have differing internal components, albeit a more subtle difference than the ones previously set forth.
In order to compensate for these vast electrical and mechanical differences between vending machines, the present invention uses data acquisition units 20 so as to interconnect varying types of vending machines to a single universal system while also providing a relatively uniform signal content, this recognizes the common elements of virtually all vending machines. The data acquisition units 20 themselves can be hard wired into location, otherwise connected and/or it may be a system designed to interconnect partially or totally directly with the manufacturers wiring harness in the vending machines.
This latter is preferred. It may differ between machines - ~ = =

wo95lo56~s 2 1 6 9 PCT~S94/09126 ~ / 6 1 . . . . . .

and/or contain custom electronics and/or smart chip type programming individualized for a given machine or otherwise differing locations within the remote monitoring system. Its various functions can also be separated and located at differing places across the remote monitoring system. In any instance, the purpose of the data acquisition unit is to provide for a single type of output with a relatively constant signal format no matter what the particular vending machine may be. The data acquisition unit thus provides a common type of signal for representing or indicating the available inventory of any particular item, the operational parameters of the machine, and other operational elements present in most vending machines. By reducing the varying nature of the elements of the vending machines no matter what the manufacture to common elements at the vending machine, the remainder of the system 10 can be the substantially the same for any installation, this even though the system may be utilized with many differing types of vending machines.
An example data acquisition unit system is shown in figure 3. In this figure, the example vending machine has a wiring harness containing three connectors 22, 23, 24. This recognizes the varying systems that may exist in any particular vending machine. Connector 22 of these particular connectors is matrix coded in order to provide a multiplicity of functions far in excess of the number of wires (matrix coding is fairly typical)(see for example Giacomo U.S. Patent 4,598,378). The nature and operation of these wires and their functioning are familiar to any one skilled in the art.
The particular data acquisition unit 20 shown in FIGURE 3 has some forty inputs (12 for row information, 12 for column information, 8 for alarm, and 8 for other information like signal duration). The alarm inputs may be set for automatic ;~;ate or delayed transmission.
The particular data acquisition unit 20 shown is a W095/05609 ~ PCT~S94/09126 universal data acquisition unit for interconnection to many differing type of systems. It thus has a number of inputs which allows interconnection to most types of vending machines (in the example shown 40 contacts in number) even though for a given machine not all contacts might be utilized. With this number of incoming matrix contacts, the data acquisition unit 20 can output a common signal representative of 144 vending choices in addition to any other operational element sensors to the later described remote link unit 30. Note that it is not necessary for the decoding or processing of signals, matrix or otherwise, to occur at the data acquisition unit 20. In specific, the data acquisition unit 20 could as shown in FIGURE 3 merely record the signal content on the various wires and/or sensors in the vending machine, signal content including the occurrence of simultaneous events. This signal content could then be passed over the later described network with a computer at the remote monitoring location utilizing a specific sub-routine to decode and utilize the signal content. While this would increase the complexity of the software at the computer, it could lower the cost of the data acquisition unit 20.
In the event of this type of splitting of the functions of the data acquisition unit 20, the common signal output would preferably be a specific number of possible data information signals (for example 40 for all machines in a system) together with a simultaneous occurrence coding for at least some of such signals. By decoding the common signal at the later described computer 15, the length of the common signal is reduced relative to a decoded signal.
If desired, the date acquisition unit 20 could decode the signal content of the inputs to reflect the actual information thereon. The output would still be in a common signal form, albeit decoded. It is preferred that no matter what the common signal form is, any information that has not changed between transmissions should be ignored. This could be accomplished by the transmission W095~560~ ~ ~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 ~ PCT~S94/09l26 of a short no-data code for such inputs, an end data code at the end of a row after the last active vend cycle in that row, or otherwise. This reduces the length of the common signal for a particular machine to that necessary to accurately reflect the status of that particular machine. For example in a three column machine, 141 of the described matrix coded vend indicators are irrelevant.
They can thus be omitted for this particular machine without compromise to the overall system. This processing preferably occurs at the later described remote link unit 30.
Preferably the common signals are converted into serial form by the data acquisition unit 20.
The contacts of the data acquisition unit 20 shown are interconnected to the connectors 22, 23, 24 in the vending machine through a custom made tap cable assembly 25. This assembly 25 would be custom made for each basic type of vending machine so as to allow easy plug in type interconnection to the various vending machines. Thus for a multiplicity of machines a single data acquisition unit could be utilized merely by changing the tap cable assembly. The tap cable assembly shown would preferably be connected to the machine recognizing the nature of the data acquisition unit 20. In the example shown, row signals to row inputs, column signals to column inputs, etc. This provides for a common output for all machines.
The data acquisition unit 20 itself converts the specific signals on the wiring harness 22, 23, 24 into a common type of output signals for use with a later system.
Note that in addition to the electrical and mechanical parts already in the vending machine, additional sensors may be provided, which sensors were not included in the original vending machine. Examples of this would be a compressor status sensor, temperature, door switch sensor, and a display malfunction sensor. These sensors would be provided by the remote sensing company, and individually W095/05609 ~ ~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 l PCT~S94/09126 run 27 into the system. This can be directly (as in respect to machine 13) or indirectly through the data acquisition unit 20 (as shown in respect to machine 14).
This latter is preferred in that it reduces the number of wires interconnecting with the later described universal bus. Certain sensors could be located on the data acquisition unit's circuit board so as to minimize the necessity of individual placement thereof. An example of this would be use of a photo electric eye sensor for door opening instead of a direct door sensor.
The output signals from the data acquisition unit 20 may include vend events typically identified by row and column to the later described remote link unit 30.
This is typically an intermittent signal. The data acquisition unit 20 also provides information relative to the other operational elements of the vending machine.
Examples include temperature, compressor status, change out, intrusion alarm, and other parameters. These typically are on/off steady state or longer length signals. In the preferred embo~ nt shown, these latter are fed into special alarm inputs on the data acquisition unit 20, thus recognizing their special status.
In the preferred embodiment disclosed, the common communication standard includes utilizing the same signal content for every vending machine no matter what its type, preferably a st~n~rd based on the most complex machine typical to a particular vending operator. For example, for each machine, the information could contain location identification code, machine identification code, inventory by row and column (for example 12x12), entry status, compressor status, temperature status, coin changer status, power status, and unit link status. This would be true even if a specific particular machine had lesser capabilities, for example, no rows, three columns, and no compressor, temperature, or coin changer status sensors. Programming, a specific no signal bit, and/or lack of signal content would inform the later described W09S~0560~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126 computer of the particular machines actual capabilities.
Again, the decoding and/or processing of the signals could occur at a differing location. In the preferred embodiment shown, the decoding occurs at the later described computer.
The amount of inventory, especially for certain vendors where it is difficult to physically determine, would preferably be updated indirectly based on some indirect parameter, for example based on the number of coffee cups or snacks of a particular type dispensed (i.e., vend events). While approximate, this would avoid the necessity of direct measurement via a separate sensor.
This inventory can be maintained at the vending machine or at the remote monitoring location as later set forth. The latter is preferred.
Note also that although this matrix data acquisition unit 20 is shown by way of example, other data acquisition units could be utilized. Indeed a given system might produce the common signal content with a variety of data acquisition units. This might include the set forth matrix coded unit 20 of figure 3, a universal column only unit, and/or specifically designed unique machine specific units. For further example, an individual hard-wired data acquisition unit could be provided by reverse engineering the signals on the cables, for example 22, 23, 24, so as to have the data acquisition unit 20 detect the respective operations of the various parts of the machine and to provide a signal indicative of these conditions in a common form on the universal bus 21.
Appropriate diodes, transistors, smart chip PROM based devices, and/or integrated circuits could be utilized in the data acquisition units. This latter technique would be particularly appropriate under circumstances where a given manufacturer utilizes a common wiring t~chn; que in many given machines across its product line or where certain machines follow certain universal techniques. In addition as previously set forth, the mere existence of W095105609 ~ ;' 2 1 6 9 7 6 i PCT~S94/09126 signals could be passed along the universal bus with the intelligent decoding and utilization of such signals occurring at a differing location, for example the later described remote link unit 30 or computer 16. Although much more time consuming, during installation the data acquisition unit 20 could also be hard wired directly to the various sensed components in the particular vending machine, such connections preferably being made in the same manner no matter what the type or manufacture of the vending machine.
The universal bus 2l interconnects the data acquisition units to the remote link unit 30. The nature of the bus 2l is not important. The bus could be over the power lines (as with an X-lO bus), short range radio, hard wired, or otherwise. While technically nothing prevents this bus 2l from being a parallel bus, due to present communications technology serial communication across the later described network is preferred. For this reason at someplace in the system it is preferred that the signals representative of vending machine conditions be present in serial form. In the embodiment shown and described this conversion occurs at the location of the data acquisition unit 20, either integral or closely associated therewith.
This simplifies the bus 21 while allowing also for serial communication between the described slave units and the master communications unit as well.
The bus 2l is preferably bidirectional so as to allow the remote link unit 30 to sequentially contact each machine connected thereto for singular processing. The bus 2l disclosed is a hard wired RS-485 bus.
The remote link unit 30 is designed to control the communication of a particular location of vending machines through the network 16. Normally, the same type of remote link unit 30 would be utilized for any particular vendor's operations. This lowers cost and simplifies the installation. Preferably this remote link unit 30 utilizes common memory and communication standard wo g~/cr~ 2 1 6 q 7 6 l PCT~S94/09126 commands so as to lower the costs of the later described network 16. Note that since there is only normally one remote link unit 30 per location, the remote link unit 30 can include some processing capacity (for example decoding of signals across the bus 21 from the data acquisition units 20 or keeping track of things such as inventory) in addition to its communications capacity without unduly increasing the cost per vending machine of the system.
The particular remote link unit 30 disclosed includes a central processing unit link controller and a machine status memory.
The link controller operates the network 16 depending on status of the signals coming down the universal bus 21 or, optionally, as instructed by the computer 15. An example of the former would be if one of the various alarm circuits for the vending machines 13, 14 are triggered or if the system was set up for automatic transmittal at a certain time in the day. An example of the latter would be the computer 15 actively polling the particular location in order to ascertain the status of the various vending machines.
As the status of the vending machines changes, the signals over the universal bus 21 shown are stored in the vend event and status memory. It is preferred that this memory be non-volatile in order to maintain its information under power loss and other abusive conditions.
In respect to routine information, for example, status of vend events, the information is stored in the memory subject to forwarding to the computer 15 at an acceptable time. In the case of other, for example alarm information, this information is normally in addition automatically passed from the remote link unit 30 to the network 16, and thus to the computer 15, automatically at a time when the computer 15 is first able to receive such information. This allows for the vending machine operator to be informed of problems with the machine even though the operator is not then in interconnection with the WO95/05609 16 2 1 6 9 7 6 i PCT I 594/~91~6 particular vending machine. A simple way to provide for this automatic transmission could be based on alarm determinative factors, for example based on the specific input to a data acquisition unit 20 or on the length or nature of the signals output from the various sensors. In respect to the former, the remote link unit 30 can be programmed to pass along automatically any signal that is fed into an alarm input (or perhaps only specific ones) of this data acquisition units 20. Optionally the data acquisition units 20 could have critical alarm inputs for immediate transmitting and non-critical alarm inputs for routine transmission. In respect to the latter, routine information (for example a vend cycle of a particular item or change deposit) are short signals while non-routine information (for example door open or temperature malfunction) are longer length typically constant signals.
One could therefore easily provide an automatic transmission means to pass the latter automatically across the network while storing shorten length signals for regular transmission. In the case a signal might be of longer length while being considered non-critical, an addition device, for example a one shot and short length hold circuit, could allow sensing but not automatic transmittal of the signal. An example of a long length non-critical signal might come from a column inventory depletion sensor. Additional example, if the remote link unit 30 was programmable, it could be programmed to only send certain alarm signals automatically, waiting for normal transmission for non-critical alarms. Further example automatic transmission of alarms could occur at this remote link unit with the computer at the remote monitoring location programmed to recognize and display as alarms only those specifically enabled by the operator, preferably storing others for later recognition.
In addition to the above, it is preferred that the operator using the system be notified of a critical alarm status. For this reason, virtually every later W095/05609 ;~ r 2 1 697 6 l PCT~S94/09126 described screen the operator views has a green dot that turns red on an enabled alarm condition. By clicking on this red dot, the operator is directly connected to the screen showing the alarm together with its nature. If there are multiple alarms, they are presented sequentially.
As previously set forth, in the preferred embodiment disclosed, the common communication standard includes utilizing the same signal content for every vending machine no matter what its type, preferably a stAn~rd based on the most complex machine typical to a particular vending operator. Programming a no signal bit and/or lack of signal content would inform the later described computer of the particular machines actual capabilities.
Normally there is one remote link unit per location, this whether the vending machine is a stand alone or is banked with other machines. In the latter preferably everything after the universal bus 21 is located in a single vending machine, the communicating master unit, with the other banked vending machines, slave units, interconnected thereto. This master/slave adaptation lowers the cost of the system by allowing one co~llnicating remote link unit 30 per bank of vending machines. It is also possible with appropriate connections (for example short range ratio, power line X-10, or hard-wired) between various banks at a given location, only one remote link unit 30 per location. This significantly lowers the cost and complexity of the overall system.
The remote link unit 30 normally has its own unique address so as to allow individual access thereto.
Further, normally there is some additional security, such as a password or encryption system, in order to maintain the unit safe from outside intervention.
It is preferred that a local interface 31 be provided in respect to the remote link unit 30 so as to W095/05609 ~ ~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126 allow service and maintenance personnel to determine and correct any problems with the system. The local interface 3l is typically a handheld key pad with display. Such an interface 31 allows the personnel to operate the remote link unit locally.
It is preferred for cost reasons that the remote link 30 act primarily as a store and forward device, transmitting a common signal showing the number of vend cycles by row and column and, as appropriate, the status of the other operational elements of the particular machine. (This information preferably would be provided by no signal if conditions were unchanged.) Again the common signals could be signal existence including simultaneous coding with this information utilized and decoded at the later described computer or it could be actual data such as vend cycle and alarm status. For cost considerations, the remote link 30 can be a transmit only unit programmed to transmit its vend data along the later described network at a particular time. This vend data could be transmitted a number of times at spaced periods to insure reception at the computer by redundancy.
Differing remote units would be programmed to send their respective information at differing times so as to avoid overlap if a single channel is utilized. An in use sensor and delay would prevent simultaneous transmission in the event of overlap. The delay would be preferably be preset to a period of known no transmission occurrence, even in the event multiple remote units are delayed. (After transmittal, if desired, the vend data could be stored in a memory as inactive information so as to provide a fail safe backup. However, since the same information can be ascertained by physical ~ri nation of the machine, this is optional.) Again for cost considerations, any alarms could be set to trigger immediate transmittal without record into memory. (Since alarms normally have steady state, they will maintain themselves until the indicated condition is taken care of.) W095/05609 ~ ~. ~ ~ PCT~S94109126 The remote link unit 30 optionally can have its own processing unit programmed with various types of information and also to auto reset to predefined defaults at the end of a service cycle (with or without auto-reset code input). In respect to inventory, these defaults preferably are the maximum number of items set as present in any particular vending slot. The defaults also may include the various thresholds, temperatures, and/or conditions for alarms and/or particular indications in the later described computer 15. With the local interface 31, the service personnel can update the inventory if there is a discrepancy in any particular individual slot as well as redefining the other various attributes of the link controller and/or memory.
The remote link unit 30 communicates with the computer 15 over a network 16. The network 16 is any sort of communication system which will allow data from the remote link unit 30 to be provided to the computer 15.
This includes radio, cellular phone, and other known communication systems. Wireless systems are preferred.
Note that due to the limited data which has to be transferred on the network 16, the requirement for the speed, clarity, and lack of noise for the network is m; n;~l . Redundant and relatively slow transmittal is acceptable.
The network 16 can be bidirectional, allowing communication as well from the computer 15 to the remote link unit 30 as well. This would also allow the computer 15 to verify that all the information has in fact been received from the remote link unit 30. It would also allow the computer 15 to initiate transmission of data from the remote link unit 30, to modify the operation of ~ the link controller and/or contents of the remote link unit 30 memory, and to otherwise remotely operate the system 10.
With more sophisticated electronic indication vending machines, the bidirectional network 16 could also WO95/056~9 PCT~S94/09126 2169761 a be utilized to alter the pricing of various commodities.
An example of this would be lowering the cost of coffee at a particular time as an employee benefit or in order to get rid of stale inventory. A further example of this would be to increase the cost of particular items during periods of high demand and/or low inventory.
A controller 32 is located between the network 16 and the computer 15. The purpose of this controller 32 is to allow the computer 15 to control the network 16. In the particular embodiment disclosed, the controller 32 also converts the incoming and outgoing data into a form transmittable over the network. This currently would be serial digital data.
The controller 32 in addition is interconnected to a separate alarm indicator 33. This alarm indicator provides a direct indication of the nature and location of an incoming alarm. This allows the operator to utilize the computer 15 for other types of independent processing.
It also provides an alarm indication under circumstances when the computer 15 is off line for whatever reason. Note in the case of multiple tasking computer, the alarm indication could be provided also by a load and stay resident program that constantly analyzes the incoming signal for an alarm indication, becoming active upon the receipt thereof. This would also allow for the generation of a red alarm dot on any screen of the display (for example a word processing program).
The computer 15 communicates with the controller 32 in order to operate the network 16. The particular computer 15 disclosed communicates with the controller 32 over an RS-232 serial cable. In addition, the computer 15 analyzes the incoming data in order to provide a readout of the status of the various vending machines which are interconnected thereto. If the common signals are coded, decoding would preferably occur before data processing.
Normally, the computer 15 obtains the data by polling the remote communicating master units for vending Wo95/05609 PCT~S94109126 ~ f~` 21 6~761 information. As each individual communicating master unit has its own ID code, it is possible for a single computer 15 to extract this information from multiple vending A locations without confusion. The computer 15 would normally actively poll or automatically receive data from the various communicating master units under its control sequentially at certain set times. Since all of the incoming data is in a uniform condition due to the data acquisition unit 20, a single database with uniform parameters can be utilized no matter what the make or model of the polled vending machine.
For cost considerations, the computer 15 could keep track of the inventory located in a particular machine by the number of vend cycles for a particular item (for example instead of the remote link unit 30 doing so).
These vend cycles would be cumulatively added within the computer with the result subtracted from the number programmed into the machine (normally the maximum number of that item the machine can contain). This programming could occur automatically (for example upon entering a particular machine make and model) and/or manually. The computer would preferably reset to the number programmed into the machine on indication of a service call. The service person would be under instructions to fill each item to this amount. The computer would thus track inventory theoretically. Minor deviances would be accepted as a cost of this simpler system. Optionally these deviances could be tracked, for example by using the local interface. One could also use computer or bar coded inventory control to automatically update the number programmed into the machine to the actual amount of inventory actually used by service personnel. Under this system since the computer generates the inventory requirements, the computer would update its memory based on the inventory actually ordered by the machine. With such a system, it would be possible to have the computer generate an inventory requirement by normal container WO95/OS609 ~ ~ PCT~S94/09126 - ~ 1 6976 1 ~

multiples (for example 24 in the case of pop cans) with the inventory reflected in the computer updated by such container multiples.
Ideally, the computer 15 contains a long term memory into which it archives historical data. This long term memory allows the operator to track what is occurring in the vending machines over a period of time. This allows the operator to determine what is selling and what is not, where it is selling, when he must rotate the stock, the maintenance condition of the vending machine, the problems that any particular vending machine may have had, and other historical attributes of the vending machine and its operation.
The particular system disclosed, in addition to the above, includes a data records system 34 and a paging system 35.
The data records system 34 directly archives data from the controller 32 into a record system independently from the computer 15. This automatically backs up the vending machine status data in the event of damage to the computer and/or vandalism. It also provides for third party acquisition of the data from the vending machines, for example for a university study on the purchasing habits of the American public.
The paging system 35 directly contacts an individual at remote locations with the status of the vending machines, most particularly if an alarm occurs.
This allows an individual who is not on-site of the computer 15 to be made aware of an alarm condition so that it may be handled. Preferably, the pager system 35 automatically provides the individual with the location of the vending machine together with the type of alarm. This latter allows the individual to selectively ignore a low inventory alarm while advising him of the seriousness of an intrusion alarm. This prevents the inconvenience to the operator of what might otherwise be considered to be nuisance alarms. The pager transmitter is preferably W095l0s609 e ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126 located at the computer 15. This allows a single paging transmitter to be utilized for an entire vending route.
The above block figure is given by way of example and it is to be understood that the positioning of the parts may be changed and/or combined without deviating from the overall operation disclosed.
FIGURE 4 is an example block diagram of a hard wired sensing and communication circuit 50 representative of a complex remote link unit 30 according to the present invention. Each remote vending machine shown is equipped with a sensing and communication circuit 50 in order to monitor the operation of the vending machine and transmit data packets to the central computer system over a network.
The sensing and communication circuit 50 shown includes a plurality of optocouplers 52, which detect the presence of a 120 volt AC or other power signal within the vending machine. For example, a typical signal could be a vend event for one item within the machine. Each optocoupler has five leads 54, 56, 58, 60 and 62. In this case, the first lead 54 is coupled to the element within the vending machine at which the application of power is to be sensed. The second input lead 56 is connected to a neutral line. An output lead 58 is coupled to an I/O
point 80. The lead 58 shown carries a digital logic level signal that indicates the presence or absence of the 120 volt AC signal on the input lead 54. The optocoupler 52 itself is powered by a DC voltage supplied on the lead 60 and is coupled to ground by the lead 62. In a typical vending machine, all of the motors, the compressor and indication lights are powered with the power signal, in this case 120 volts AC. Therefore, a plurality of optocouplers 52 are used to monitor the operation of these elements.
The sensing and communication circuit 50 also includes one or more switches 70. These switches typically are DC. A typical example would be an out of W095~5~09 ~ PCT~S94/09126 units temperature sensor. In the example given, each switch includes a lead 72 that is pulled to a logic high voltage (i.e., +5 volts) by a resistor 74 that is coupled to the voltage supply (i.e., +V). Closing the switch 70 connects the lead 72 to a ground potential through a lead 76. The lead 72 is coupled to the I/O point 80. The example sensing and communication circuit 50 further includes other sensors, in this case a temperature sensor circuit 77, which monitors the temperature of the vending machine. The temperature sensor 77 provides an output signal on a lead 78 that is coupled to an input of the I/O
port 80. This temperature circuit 77 provides a logic high level signal if the temperature within the vending machine exceeds a predetermined maximum. A logic low level signal is produced on the lead 78 if the temperature is below the predetermined maximum.
The example I/O port 80 is coupled to a microprocessor 84 by a conventional set of bus and control leads 82. The I/O point 80 shown includes at least three 8-bit registers (not separately shown) that can be coupled to the output signals provided by up to 24 sensors. The status of these sensors is thus determined by reading one bit of one of the 8-bit registers. For example, assume bit two of a register is coupled to an optocoupler sensor that detects when a power 120 volt AC signal is applied to an "exact change required" light in the vending machine.
By reading bit two, the microprocessor can tell if exact change is required. This type of long term or length signal is easily detected at a single time. Other parameters in the vending machine can only be detected by keeping track of the sensor inputs over time. For example, assume bit three of a register in the I/O port is coupled to an optocoupler that senses when power is applied to a compressor in the vending machine. By reading bit three and keeping track of when it is a logic and when it is a logic zero over a period of time, the woss/05609 ~ r~ 2 ~ 6 ~ 7 6 l PCT~S94/09126 microprocessor can determine how many times the compressor cycles. Excessive cycling indicates a faulty compressor.
Also coupled to the example microprocessor shown, through the set of bus and control leads 82 is a nonvolatile random access memory (RAM) 86 and a read only memory (ROM) 88. The ROM 88 shown has encoded thereon a suitable computer program that causes the microprocessor to read the signals produced by the plurality of sensors and transmit the status of the sensors to the central computer 20 as will be described.
The example sensing and communication circuit also preferably includes a universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) 90 and a modem 94. The UART
90 converts parallel data transmitted on the bus 82 to asynchronous serial data that is in turn transmitted on a lead 92 to the modem 94 as well as converting serial data received by the modem 94 to parallel data that can be read by the microprocessor 84. The modem 94 shown is a 1200 baud modem that is designed to transmit and receive digital signals using a modulated analog carrier signal that is transmitted over a network. Other transmission standards could also be utilized. Coupled to the example modem 94 is a suitable antenna 96 that transmits and receives signals oven the network. For ease of programming and compatibility, the modem 94 shown is a Hayes compatible and transmits and receives digital data using a well defined protocol. Other modems and speeds could also be utilized as well as other communication techni~ues. Programming such a modem will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the computer communications art.
The sensing and communication circuit 50 shown includes an infrared serial port 100 which is coupled by a lead 102 to an infrared transmitter 104 and an infrared receiver 106. The infrared serial point is used to transmit and receive data from a handheld data entry terminal carried by a service technician.

WO9~l05609 --; ~ . 2 1 697 6 1 PCT~S94/09126 Additionally, in this unit a serial jack 108 is coupled to the lead 102 in order to transmit and receive data from a handheld data entry terminal that is plugged directly into the serial jack.
Finally, a battery backup circuit 110 can be used to operate a communication circuit if power to the vending machine is interrupted.
FIGURE 5 is an example state diagram 150 showing a plurality of modes in which the example microprocessor tha~ runs the sensing and communication circuit 50 could operate. The example microprocessor has at least five distinct modes: a control mode 160, a communications mode 190, a service mode 250, an analyze mode 290 and an alarm mode 340.
Upon powering up of the sensing and communication circuit, the example microprocessor immediately enters the control mode 160. Here the microprocessor polls the modem for a connect signal received from the central computer system. Once a connect signal is received, the microprocessor leaves the control mode and enters the communication mode 190 in order to transmit and receive data packets to and from the central computer system. If there is excessive noise on the communication link or the modem detects a disconnect signal, the microprocessor leaves the communication mode 190 and returns to the control mode 160.
If no signal is received, the example microprocessor shown polls the I/O point 80 shown in FIGURE 4 to determine the status of the plurality of sensors disposed in the vending machine. If one of the sensor inputs indicates an alarm condition, the microprocessor leaves the control mode and enters an alarm mode 340.
In the example alarm mode, it is determined if the alarm condition is critical. If the alarm is not critical, the microprocessor returns to the control mode and will inform the central computer system of the alarm r WO 951'05G09 . 2 1 6 q 7 6 1 PCT/US94/09126 condition the next time the central computer system shown contacts by a call to the remote vending machine. If the alarm is critical, the remote vending machine initiates a call to the central computer system and immediately informs it of the alarm condition.
Another condition the example microprocessor looks for (by reading the sensor inputs) is a service call made by a service technician. Upon detecting that a switch disposed in the door of the vending machine has been activated by someone opening the door, the microprocessor shown waits for a code or predetermined amount of time for a service t~hn;cian to enter a predetermined Personal Identification Number (PIN). If this is entered within the predetermined time, the microprocessor leaves the control mode 160 and enters a sensor mode 250. In the service mode, the service t~chn;cian could typically enter data regarding the amount of product added to the machine, the amount of money removed from the machine and the amount of change placed in the change maker. Once the example microprocessor detects that the service call is complete, a check is preferably made whether the remote vending machine should initiate a call to or otherwise contact the central computer system immediately or should wait until the central computer system calls the remote vending machine in order to inform the central computer that a service call has been completed. If the remote vending machine is instructed to contact the central computer system upon completion of the service call, the microprocessor leaves the service mode 250 and enters the communications mode 190. Otherwise, the microprocessor leaves the service mode 250 and returns to the control mode 160.
In the example c~mmunication mode 190, the example microprocessor transmits and receives data packets to and from the central computer system over the network 16. After all the data packets have been sent from the remote vending machine to the central computer system, the WO 95/05609 ~ r ~-~ 2 t 6 q 7 6 1 PCT/US94/09126 vending machine might query the central computer system to see if the central computer needs to transmit any data to the remote vending machine. If a data packet is received from the central computer system, the microprocessor leaves the communication mode 190 and enters an analyze mode 2 9 0 .
In the example analyze mode, the data packet shown received is tested to determine the appropriate type of action the microprocessor should take. Possible actions include transmitting the contents of the microprocessor's memory, reprogramming the microprocessor's memory, testing the alarm system, reprogramming the communications to the central computer system, and resetting the alarm criteria and/or a set of alarm response bits that define which alarm conditions are critical. Once the received data packet is analyzed and the example microprocessor has performed the task required by the data packet, the microprocessor shown leaves the analyze mode and returns to the communications mode in order to wait for an additional data packet to be transmitted. If the microprocessor was instructed by the received data packet to test the alarm system, the microprocessor leaves the analyze mode 290 and enters the alarm mode 340.
FIGURE 6 is an example flow chart showing in greater detail the steps that might be taken by the example microprocessor as it is operating in the control mode 160 described above. Starting at a step 162 ~ the microprocessor proceeds to set up the modem in a standard protocol at step 164, a Hayes 1200 baud protocol shown.
In the example, the data transmitted by the modem is transmitted using a modulated analog carrier signal over an ordinary communications medium. As will be described in this example in further detail below, this is possible because the amount of data transmitted between the remote vending machine and the central computer system is relatively small and the data is retransmitted if it is WO 95/OS609 - r ~ ~ t ,~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 I PCTIUS94/09126 not received correctly. Thus, the present invention is able to withstand errors that may occur during transmission and does not require the use of a modem that is specifically designed for transmitting high speed digital data.
Once the example modem has been set up, the microprocessor shown then polls the modem for a connect signal to be generated by a call received from the central computer over the network at a step 166. If the connect signal has been received, the modem is instructed to go "off hook" at a step 170 and the microprocessor enters the communications mode at a step 172. If no connect signal is received, the example microprocessor reads the I/O port 80 to determine the status of the plurality of sensor inputs at a step 174. At a step 176, it is determined if an alert condition exists. In some cases this is accomplished simply by reading the status of the sensor output signals. For example, if the output signal of the temperature sensor is a logic 1, then a temperature alarm exists. Other alarm conditions can be determined by following the changes in the sensor output signals over time such as the compressor cycles example described above. If an alarm condition exists, the microprocessor leaves the control mode and enters the alarm mode at a step 178.
If no alarm condition is present, the example microprocessor reads the status of a switch connected to the door of the vending machine at step 18 0 in order to determine whether the door of the vending machine has been opened. If the door has been opened, the microprocessor shown enters a service mode at a step 182. If the door is not open, the microprocessor loops back to step 166 where the modem is again polled to determine if a connect signal has been received.
FIGURE 7 is an example flow chart showing the steps taken by the microprocessor shown when operating in the communications mode 190. Upon entering the W095/05609 ~ r 2 1 6 9 7 6 l PCT~S94/09126 communications mode from the control mode, the microprocessor polls the modem to determine if there is excessive noise or if a carrier is no longer present over the network at a step 192. If the answer at step 192 is yes, the microprocessor returns to the control mode at a step 194. Assuming that the noise on the communications link is not excessive and the carrier signal is still present, the microprocessor polls the modem to determine if a recognizable signal, a "not acknowledge" (NAK) signal shown has been received at step 196. Under the communications protocol followed by the remote vending machines and the central computer system, the central computer system indicates to the remote vending machines that any data packets are to be transmitted by first sending the NAK signal. If no NAK signal is received, the microprocessor returns to the control mode at a step 198.
Each data packet to be sent to the central computer is maintained on a queue within the example microprocessor's RAM. Each data packet has generally the same structure. Data packets are differentiated by a "packet type" byte in the data packet.
FIGURE 11 shows an example structure of the data packets transmitted between the central computer system and the remote vending machines in the above example system of figure 4. Each data packet 360 preferably begins with a marker byte 362. The ASCII symbol for a colon is used for the marker byte shown. Following the marker byte shown, is a packet length byte 364 indicating the entire length of the data packet excluding the marker byte. A pair of bytes 366 indicate the unit ID. Each vending machine within the monitoring and communication system has a unique unit ID. Following the unit ID bytes shown is a sequence number byte 368. This byte is incremental each time a unit transmits a data packet to the central computer system. By keeping track of the sequence number, the central computer is able to determine if a data packet has been missed. Following the sequence W095l056~9 , ~ , ~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 l PCT~S94/0912G

number shown is a packet type byte 370, which indicates the type of data to be transmitted. It is the packet type which informs either the central computer or the vending machine how to interpret the data which follows in a series of bytes 372. Following the data, the data packet shown includes a pair of checksum bytes 374 that allow the receiving microprocessor to determine if an error occurred during transmission of the data packet. The following illustrates the sequence of bytes that are inserted into a specific data section of five types of data packets transmitted between the vending machine and the central computer. The type of data packet shown is specified in the packet type bytes as described above. The following example packet types can be used to transmit information regarding a soft drink vending machine having eight columns filled with cans of product. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the data packet types can be easily modified depending on the particular type of machine being monitored. Note that although the example system utilizes only eight columns, it technically has 23 sensor inputs. It thus is able to provide data for inventory items in excess of the eight columns shown.

DATA PACKETS TP~N~h~ ~ FRON THE VENDING
M~uTNE TO CENTRAL COh~ ~Y~ N

(Illustrates Status of Vending Machine) BYte Name DescriPtion B1 value of sensor inputs 0-7 B2 value of sensor inputs 8-15 B3 value of sensor inputs 16-23 C1 total product in column 1 C2 total product in column 2 C3 total product in column 3 C4 total product in column 4 W095/05609 ~ PCT~S94/09126 C5 total product in column 5 C6 total product in column 6 C7 total product in column 7 C8 total product in column 8 CP number of compressor cycles (Service Packet) Byte Name Description Cl column 1 product added C2 column 2 product added C3 column 3 product added C4 column 4 product added C5 column 5 product added C6 column 6 product added C7 column 7 product added C8 column 8 product added CARM cash removed CHLF change left (Alarm Bits) OxO001 total product level below criterion Ox0002 column product level below criterion Ox0004 change depleted Ox0008 temperature limit exceeded OxO010 intrusion alarm Ox0020 compressor cycles exceed criterion Ox0040 checksum RAM program area bad W095l05609~ t~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126 Ox0080 link test OxOlO0 service completed Ox0200 call for machine repair Ox0400 repair completed (RAM Data Dump) BYte Name Descri~tion ADDR starting address D0 data byte 0 Dl data byte l D2 data byte 2 D3 data byte 3 D4 data byte 4 D5 data byte 5 D6 data byte 6 D7 data byte 7 D8 data byte 8 D9 data byte 9 DA data byte A
DB data byte B
DC data byte C
DD data byte D
DE data byte E
DF data byte F

This data packet is given by example, while with other data systems other data packets may be utilized.
Referring now to the example FIGURE 7, once a NAK signal has been received at step l96, the microprocessor begins transmitting a data packet to the central computer by first getting a data packet first on the queue at a step 206. The data packet is then transmitted at a step 208. Following transmission, the -W095/0S609 G ~ 2 1 6976 l PCT~S94/09126 microprocessor shown again polls the modem to determine if another NAK signal has been received at step 210. If the central computer transmits another recognizable signal, a NAK signal shown, the microprocessor knows that the transmission did not arrive correctly. Therefore, the microprocessor loops back to step 208 and the data packet is again transmitted. If no NAK signal is received in step 210, the microprocessor proceeds to a step 212 wherein the modem is polled to see if an acknowledge a second recognizable signal ("ACK") shown, has been received. If no ACK signal has been received, the program returns to the control mode at a step Z14. If an ACK
signal is received, the microprocessor knows the central computer system has received the data packet correctly and the data packet transmitted is removed from the queue at step 216.
After removing the data packet from the queue, the example microprocessor determines if the queue is empty at a step 218. If the queue is not empty, the microprocessor loops back to step 206 and the next data packet is transmitted as described above.
Once the queue of data packets to be transmitted is empty, the microprocessor shown proceeds to a step 220 wherein an ACK signal is transmitted to the central computer system. This ACK signal indicates to the central computer system that the remote vending machine is ready to accept data packets transmitted from the central computer to the remote vending machine. The data packets transmitted from the central computer to the remote vending machine. In the specific example shown these data packets are defined by packet type as follows:

DATA PACRET~ T~N.~ v FROM CENTRAL
COMP~TER TO THE REMOTE VENDING ~TN~

(Transmit 16 Bytes of Microprocessor's Memory from Starting Address) W095l05609 . ~ ~ 2 1 6 ~ 7 6 1 rcT~s94/o9l26 Byte Name DescriPtion ADDR starting address (2 bytes) (Rewrite N Bytes of Microprocessor's Memory from Starting Address) BYte Name Description ADDR starting address (2 bytes) DO... DN n data bytes (n = packet length minus 9) (Rewrite Phone Number of Central Computer) BYte Name Description PHl...PH36 36 bytes phone number (blank-no outbound alarm) (Set Vending Machine's Alarm Criteria) Byte Name Description CA compressor cycles per day max CI compressor cycles per day min UNID rewrite unit ID of vending machine CB checksum bad alarm enabled -W095/05609 ~ e ~ ; 2 1 6 9 ~ 6 ~ PCT~S94109126 CC compressor cycles alarm enabled - l IN intrusion alarm enabled - l TE temperature exceeded alarm enabled - l CD change depleted alarm enabled CP column product alarm criterion - l byte TPBC total product alarm criterion - 2 bytes SV send service packet upon servicing complete alarm enabled - l (Reset Vending Machine's Alarm Bits) BYte Name Descri~tion BPBP set alarm bit pattern - 2 bytes (Set PIN for Service Technician) Byte Name DescriPtion PWI... PW7 7 bytes of numeric data define PIN

(Record Message for Service Technician) W095l05609 ~ c - 2 1 6 9 7 6 l PCT~S94/09126 BYte Name Description MEl... ME16 16 bytes of alphanumeric data for service technician s In a step 222, the example microprocessor determines if an ASCII representation of a colon symbol as previously set forth has been transmitted. As shown in FIGURE 11, this recognizable symbol marks the beginning of all of the data packets transmitted between the vending machine and the central computer. If no colon symbol is transmitted, the microprocessor returns to the control mode at a step 224. Once a colon symbol has been transmitted, the microprocessor shown determines if the entire data packet has been received correctly at a step 226. If the data packet has not been received correctly, the microprocessor causes the modem to transmit a NAK
signal at a step 220 to indicate the data packet was not received correctly. The example microprocessor then loops back to step 222 and looks for the beginning of the same data packet to be retransmitted.
If the data packet was received correctly, the program branches to the analyze mode 290 to perform the task indicated by the data packet as will be described in further detail below. Upon returning from the analyze mode, the microprocessor shown causes the modem to transmit an ACK signal at a step 232 that indicates to the central computer that the data packet has been received and acted upon, and that the vending machine is waiting for another data packet to be transmitted. This process continues until the central computer fails to transmit another data packet whereupon the microprocessor returns to the control mode at the step 224.
In some cases (i.e., when a critical alarm condition exists or if the microprocessor is programmed to alert the central computer system immediately after a W09~/C~0~ PCT~S94/09126 ~ r-r~ 21 65~761 service call is completed), the example microprocessor will initiate a call to the central computer system. At a step 200, the microprocessor instructs the modem to connect the central computer. The microprocessor then polls the modem to determine if a carrier is present in a step 202. If no carrier is present, the microprocessor loops back to step 200 and dials again. Upon establishing a connection with the central computer system, the microprocessor transmits an alarm or data service complete packet that has been previously placed on the queue.
Transmission of the data packet to the central computer takes place as described above.
FIGURE 8 is a flow chart showing the steps taken by the example microprocessor when operating in the service mode 250. Upon entering the service mode from the control mode when the microprocessor shown detects the door to the vending machine has been opened, the microprocessor determines if the service tec-hn;cian enters a PIN or recognizable signal within a predetermined amount of time (for example ten seconds). The particular PIN is stored in the microprocessor's RAM and can be modified at any time by the central computer system. If the PIN is not entered within this predetermined amount of time, the microprocessor sets an intrusion alarm bit at step 254 and returns to the control mode at step 256. The microprocessor then detects the intrusion alarm bit as being set and enters the alarm mode.
Assuming the PIN has been entered in the predetermined amount of time, the example microprocessor then asks the service techn;cian to enter information regarding the service to be completed. In step 258, the microprocessor queries the technician for the total amount of product added in each column of the vending machine.
In a step 260, the microprocessor asks the service technician to enter the total amount of cash removed from the machine. In a step 262, the microprocessor asks for the amount of change left in the coin changer. After the -WO 95/05609 ~ r PCT/US94/09126 ~ ` 21 69761 service is complete, the microprocessor generates a service data packet and places the packet on the queue at a step 264.
Once the service call is complete, the example microprocessor reads the status of a service packet bit in a pair of alarm response code bytes in a step 266. This bit indicates whether the vending machine is to contact the central computer upon completion of the service call should wait to inform the central computer of the information obtained from the service technician the next time the central computer calls the vending machine. If the service packet bit indicates the central computer is to be called at the completion of the service, the microprocessor data packet proceeds to the communications mode at a step 268. If the status of the service packet bit indicates the microprocessor is not to call the central computer upon completion of the service call, then the microprocessor returns to the control mode at a step 270.
FIGURE 9 is an example flow chart showing the steps that might be taken by the microprocessor when operating in the analyze mode 290. Upon entering the analyze mode from the communications mode, the microprocessor reads the packet type of data indicated by byte 4 of the received data packet as shown in FIGURE 11.
Byte 4 shown informs the microprocessor what type of action is to be taken. At a step 294 it is determined whether the data packet is of type 101. If the data packet is of type 101, the microprocessor transmits the contents of its RAM memory beginning at a starting address which is read from the received data packet in step 296.
At step 298, the example microprocessor causes the modem - to transmit 16 bytes of data beginning at the starting address. Once the data has been transmitted, the program returns to the communications mode at step 334.
In step 300 shown, it is determined the data packet is of type 102. Data packet type 102 indicates to -W095/05609 ~e~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126 the example microprocessor that it is to rewrite portions of its RAM memory with data values transmitted from the central computer system. At step 102, the microprocessor reads the starting address and determines the number of bytes to be rewritten. The number of bytes is determined by the value of the packet length byte minus nine. In step 304 shown, the new memory values are read and the RAM
memory is rewritten starting at the starting address determined in step 302. Upon rewriting the RAM memory, the microprocessor returns to the communications mode.
In step 306 shown, it is determined if the data packet is of type 103. This data packet type causes the microprocessor to modify the communication parameters to the central computer. In step 308, the microprocessor reads 36 bytes of data. These 36 bytes are stored at the central computer in step 310. After rewriting, the microprocessor returns to the communications mode.
In step 102 shown, it is determined if the data packet is of type 104. This data packet type causes the microprocessor to rewrite its alarm response data which sets the alarm conditions for the vending machine. In step 314, the microprocessor reads the new alarm response data and in step 316, the microprocessor overrides the previous alarm response data. After the alarm response data has been rewritten, the microprocessor returns to the communications mode.
In step 318 shown, the example microprocessor determines if the data packet is of type 105. Type 105 packets cause the microprocessor to artificially set the bits in a pair of bytes which define the alarm conditions of the vending machine as described above. After the alarm bytes have been set, the microprocessor goes to the alarm mode in step 122 wherein the alarm bytes are transmitted to the central computer system.
If the example data packet is not of type 105, the microprocessor determines if the message is of type 106 at step 124. Data packet type 106 causes the W09vlC'6~9 ~ t 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126 microprocessor to read seven bytes of PIN's for the service technician. The old PIN is overwritten at a step 328 before returning to the communications mode.
Finally, the example microprocessor determines if the received data packet is of type 107 at a step 330.
Data packet type 107 records 16 bytes of alphanumeric data that is recorded for the service t~chn; cian to be read during the next service call. The message bytes are stored in memory at a step 332 before the microprocessor returns to the communications mode.
FIGURE 10 is an example of a flow chart showing the steps taken by the microprocessor shown in the alarm mode 340. Upon entering the alarm mode from the control mode, the microprocessor reads the alarm response bytes in step 342. In step 346, the microprocessor compares the alarm bytes described above and compares them to the alarm response bytes in order to determine if the alarm condition is critical. If the alarm is set as critical, the microprocessor generates an alarm data packet and places it on the ~ueue in a step 348 before going to the communications mode in step 350. If the alarm is not critical, the microprocessor simply returns to the control mode at step 352.
FIGURE 12 is an example of a diagram of a handheld data entry terminal 400 that might be used by a service t~chni cian to enter data into the shown microprocessor. With this system, the service t~rhn;cian can inform the system of the amount of product added to the machine, the amount of money removed, the content of the change counter, as well as other data. The handheld terminal 400 disclosed has a case 402 that includes a series of keys 406 and an enter button 408. The keys 406 are used to type alphanumeric data on a display 404, which is transmitted to the microprocessor upon hitting an enter key 408. Communication preferably takes place between the microprocessor and the handheld terminal using either a conventional infrared transmitter/receiver indicated at :~

W095/05609 PCT~S94/09126 ~ F ~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 ~

410 or via mechanical connection such as a stereo plug 412. In the stereo plug one channel is used to transmit from the handheld unit while the other channel is used to receive prompts from the vending machine.
FIGURE 13 is an example block diagram of the h~n~held data entry terminal 400 described above. This specific hAn~held terminal includes its own microprocessor 420, a read only memory 424 and a random access memory 426 which are coupled to the microprocessor on a set of bus and control leads 422. Additionally, the keys 406 and display 404 are also connected to the microprocessor on the bus 422. The microprocessor shown communicates with the sensing and communication circuit in the vending machine via a serial point 430. The port shown is a serial port connected to drive an infrared transmitter 432. Additionally, the infrared receiver 434 is used to receive infrared signals transmitted from the sensing and communication circuit to the handheld unit. If a ~?ch~n;cal plug is used, the transmit and receive signals are coupled to a conventional plug, which is inserted by the service te~hn; cian and allows an appropriate connector to the vending machine. The handheld terminal 400 shown is powered by a battery 428. It could also be powered by the vending machine.
Upon receipt of the information relative to the vending machine from the remote link unit 30 over the network 16, the information shown is then available at the computer for selective presentation and manipulation.
In the invention of the present application, due to the data acquisition units, virtually all of the information needed in respect to the vending machines can be located in a single database, can be processed with the same programming, and can be visually presented with a limited number of easily understood video screens.
In respect to the single database, all of the data for every machine in a single system is preferably stored in a single database having a number of fields and W095l05~09 ~ ~ ~ 2 1 6 ~ 7 6 ~ PCT~S94/09126 name identity matching that of the maximum capabilities of the common signal. This allows the data for every machine to be present for analysis and presentation in a unified manner. This includes the generation of graphic representations of vending machines as well as the development of reports and other matters. It is noted that there will be empty fields in this type of system.
These empty fields as present in the database preferably are ignored in developing the graphic representations and/or reports generated by this system. This can be accomplished by a sub-routine in the processing software blanking empty fields.
It is noted that in the event that the common signals are decoded (as in the described FIGURE 3 matrix system) and/or otherwise processed by the computer preferably this occurs prior to storage in the database.
In respect to the same programming, this programming would develop the graphic representations and reports in a common manner from the database. This common manner would preferably include a data inhibition or blanking sub-routine set to recognize empty fields in the processing of the data and automatically act accordingly.
In respect to the graphic representation, this could include automatically developing the representations to present only the active field information, and modifying the display appropriately. For example, if a particular machine had five columns of inventory, a compressor that cycles, a temperature alarm, and an entry alarm, once utilized or preset, these items would be presented on the screen; this even though the temperature alarm icon and entry alarm icon may be inactive (i.e., normal) at the time of presentation. Further, although the programming may be capable of generating an image having 15 columns, only the active five columns would appear. This could be spread out over the entire column area or could appear as one third the available area as set by an operator. However, since there is no for '-- t ~ ~ .
W095/05609 2 ~ 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126 44 _.
example change empty sensor or field, the change icon would never appear on the screen.
In respect to the limited screens due to the use of a common signal content, one screen could technically be utilized for all machines, preferably as set forth with software programmed to ignore and not display non-data parameters. For example, with a machine having only 12 columns of inventory and an intrusion door open switch, no temperature sensor, no compressor sensor, and no other sensor, only the active information (12 columns of inventory plus the door open switch) would be presented:
The missing sensors would never appear for this machine (although they would if applicable for a different machine). The software thus preferably has the ability to present a very complex screen while the system itself tracks the available data presenting on the screen and processing only the available data. Non-information, empty fields, are ignored. Further, the data can be manipulated by a limited number of computer sub-routines to provide uniform information for the vending machines.
This could allow a single graphic representation to be utilized for all vending machines; presenting the common elements of the vending machines in a single manner no matter what the type or nature of the particular machine.
Note that although there are over many hundreds of specific vending machines (over 200), due to the basic commonality between machines, the basic and important date can be presented with a lesser number of screens. For example, it has been ascertained that about 20 basic screen images of vending machines will allow the presentation of most vending machines on the market today.
It is preferred that there be a central data base having the display information ~or these basic screens. Thus upon the specification of an appropriate screen either manual or automatic, the computer 15 would generate the appropriate image of a vending machine WO9J/0~60~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126 accurately representative of the machine then being presented.
Other parts of the screen, for example the various condition icons, can be similarly generated.
It is noted that when an inventory of an item is developed on the screen, it is preferred that the items comprising this inventory be developed with images representative thereof. For example, if a pop can machine has columns of inventory, the circular end sections of pop cans would be shown in such columns. Additional example if change status is shown, a flat rectangle representative of the edges of the coins would be shown in the change area.
Due to the common signal content, technically a single graphic display could be utilized for all vending machines; Specifically displaying the common information regardless of the type of machine. The reason for this i5 that the operator does not care about what any given machine is, only what its status, and this status is primarily dependent on the common operational elements.
Also some operators will rely primarily on the reports generated by the system.
For operator intuitive convenience, it is preferred that a number of screens be utilized representing types of machines. For example, seven screens: 1) pop/container; 2) candy; 3) snacks; 4) frozen ice cream/popsicles; 5) coffee/cocoa/tea; 6) pop/liquid, and 7) service utilized would enable a vendor to cognitively ascertain the nature of most common food type vending machines (as set forth above, 20 screens would allow an accurate representation of most machines). A
further set of screens, for example a communications screen and a route screen, would allow access to the system.
Preferably, a screen would be designed to be able to display the optimum number of pieces of information for the majority of all vending machines, with W095/05609 2 1 6 9 7 6 I PCT~S94/09126 machines having lesser capabilities being presented in a modified form as previously set forth. For example, there are some very large pop/container vending machines which have nine column selections in a single row, each holding approximately 75 cans. There are also pop/container type vending machines which have but three columns, each holding 25 cans. The basic screen program under these circumstances would be designed to have the capability of presenting the larger machine data. This would be the default condition of the screen. However, upon entering of the smaller machine's type or capabilities, the screen would be automatically modified so as to present but the needed information (i.e., three columns with a 25 can m~i rum capability instead of nine columns each having 75 can capability of which only three are used and then only l/3 full). This usage allows a particular vendor to use a limited number of common screens, even one, to obtain all of the information which is necessary to understand the operating status of a vast number of vending machines, each of which may be of a different type and each of which may be manufactured by a different company.
In addition to presenting the information to the operator visibly on a screen in a uniform manner, the system is able to store data and generate common reports for each machine, again totally independent of the exact nature and/or manufacture of any particular machine. This again is due to the use of the data acquisition unit to provide for common signal information for all machines.
Due to this, the report information which can be developed can be supplier specific irrespective of the exact nature of the goods. For example, the need for a given quantity of pop/containers, candy, and coffee for a given location can be printed out in the same list independent of the actual machines needing such inventory. For additional example, the number and type of alarms in a wide geographic area could be printed out. Further example the specific inventory needs and optimal route assignments for WO 95/05609 ~ r ~ ~ 2 1 6 ~ 7 6 I PCT~S94/09126 a particular vendor operator. Similarly as previously set forth, a single database can be used for all incoming information, such database amenable for manipulation by software in any manner desired by the operator. This allows the use of value added services without the necessity of developing a unique program for each particular manufacturer's particular type of machine.
Further, common summaries can be developed across the entire database by the operator.
It is preferred that the database have sufficient names and fields to handle information from the most complex vending machine in a given system. Due to the use of common signals for every vending machine, these fields would be automatically filled with data from the system. Additional fields could include for example the type and nature of the specific vending machine, its physical location by street address, and physical placement, the communication standards for such machine including route, link name, identification and number, the nature and pricing of the varied items of inventory, the various alarms available together with their triggering points (upper and/or lower), and importance (i.e., automatic transmission on occurrence enablement), together with other programmed elements.
It is preferred that the data processing, for example the graphic display on the screen and the processing software, be programmed to ignore non-active names and fields. For example for a three column pop machine, a 49 inventory item capable system would preferably ignore the 46 empty fields in producing the screen images and any reports for this machine. For additional example no compressor or temperature icon would be utilized for a dry snack machine. A separate database having information that can be called up by the identity of a particular machine could be utilized to initially set up the data processing standards for that machine.

WO9~/0~609 L ! ~ ~ ' 2 1 6 9 7 6 I PCT~S94/09126 In all systems, it is possible that reports be generated and inventory replaced in multiple unit container multiples (for example the archtypical 24 can pop box). This reduces odd lots while maximizing operator convenience.
Turning now to FIGURE 14, a diagram of a typical user interface produced by the central computer system is shown.
The central computer system provides a display of each vending machine being monitored (pop/container machine shown). With other types of vending machines (phone, snacks, cigarettes, etc.) it is preferred the display reflect the type of vending machine. Typically a limited number of universal displays will provide the required information as set forth previously. Indeed, due to the common signal content, a single screen could be utilized (preferably as set forth automatically adapted by available data so as to present only pertinent information).
The display 450 disclosed includes various icons and images that are representative of the elements of vending machines. Preferably these icons have an appearance intuitively similar to the items that they represent (example later given). Due to the common elements in vending machines, a minimum number of icons need be utilized. The particular icons utilized can be automatically generated by software based on database information or can be separately entered.
The particular display 450 disclosed includes a vending machine icon 452, which looks like the vending machine itself. This enables even the most unskilled operator to appreciate the status of that particular machine. The specific icon 452 discussed includes a series of columns each having a column count box 456 that indicates the number of product in the column, as well as a bar graph 458, which visually indicates how the number of cans in the column compares to the length of the W095l0s609 ~ . 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126 column. Preferably, the number of columns and/or rows displayed for a given machine are equal in number to the actual number of columns and/or rows, with the bar graph at 100% when any particular column at the machine is full.
This type of presentation is easily developed from the generic type of machine, the number of columns, and/or the total maximum number of containers per column and/or as entered on initial set up of the computer. For example, in a pop/container machine, the selection of the pop/container machine would initially develop a dispiay having a default number of columns (and no rows) each with a certain default maximum number of containers. The entering of the actual number of columns and/or rows would alter the default display to the actual number of columns and/or rows (for example from 12 columns down to 6 columns). The entering of the actual number of ~;~um containers would likewise alter the default display respectively (for example from 75 down to 50). The bar graphs per item would remain at 100~ until further manual or automatic (i.e., in use) input modified the number of cans per column. This use of defaults is preferred because it provides the operator with a usable (albeit not optimized) system with a minimum of inputs. Alternate schemes could be used including not presenting any columns and/or rows and/or any number of containers until the proper data is available. In any event, it is preferred that the display be automatically generated from a single subroutine having variable inputs. It could also be developed automatically from a pre-installed database by the entering of a specific make and model vending machine.
With altering input of other generic types of machines, other initial displays will be developed, displays that could be different than a column type display. For example, a generic type snack machine might ~ 35 have many options developed in an X by Y column/row matrix (for example 7x7), with the display having 3d type bar protruding out of the screen in a step manner (number of W095/05609 ~ .t~ 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126 snacks at the end of each bar) while a generic type cigarette machine might use only columns like the example pop/container machine. In addition, the displays could have either or both decreasing or increasing indicators.
As an example of the latter, a hotel might as a courtesy extend to a guest a credit of $50.00 worth of services or supplies on the guests room card key before room payment.
As the guest bought pop or used the phone, this initial $50.00 credit could appear as an increasing bar, indicating the total usage. The charges could also be billed directly to the room (possibly subject to an upper limit). In addition, in this case, warning indicators might appear at the top of the bar not bottom. Thus the displays, although of a few generic types, might differ in actual presentation.
In general, columns are preferred subject to screen resolution limitations.
Note that historical type information can be presented in the display. This could occur by presenting multiple graphic displays showing vend cycles over time on a single screen (in narrow columns), by requiring an operator to click on a particular column to display multiple columns showing historical data in respect to that particular item, or otherwise.
The icons that are developed in the graphic representation are preferably accomplished dependent on the available active data and/or the programming of the machine. These include as follows:
The particular display 452 shown includes a power icon 460 that represents a power connection to the vending machine. If power is interrupted, the icon 460 will flash to the user thereby informing the user that the remote vending machine is without power. This type of sensor and indication and others would be common to most electrically powered machines.
The particular machine disclosed is a pop/container vending machine. Other types of machines, Woss/o56o9 ~ 2 1 6 976 1 PCT~S94/09126 vending goods, and/or services could be utilized. This type of pop/container machine normally includes a compressor. Abnormal cycling of a compressor, either low or high, is an indication of either a refrigeration loop or general machine malfunction. In addition, the cost of electricity for operation increases. For this reason, preferably a compressor cycling sensor and indicator is included in devices utilizing temperature altering mechAn;cr~ (i.e., cold or hot). A compressor icon 460 that represents a compressor is graphically illustrated in the display and has located below it a compressor cycles box 464 indicating the number of compressor cycles completed in a 24-hour period. Should the number of compressor cycles exceed or be less than predefined limits as set by the alarm response bytes described above, the compressor icon 460 will light.
In the particular machine disclosed, loss of refrigeration will not potentially cause injury. However, most people prefer cold pop to warm pop. For this reason, a temperature sensor and indicator is preferably included in the system 10. This type of sensor would be utilized with most machines containing temperature changing devices.
A thermometer icon 466 is provided to indicate when the temperature is out of a predefined range. Again, if the temperature range is abnormal, the thermometer icon 466 will flash.
Other types of universal sensors could also be utilized with many differing types of vending machines.
Examples of these in the preferred embodiment disclosed include: A coin icon 468 represents when exact change is needed. If the coin icon 468 flashes, a user knows that the change counter is out of change. A key icon 470 representing an unauthorized entry flashes when the door to the vending machine is opened and either no PIN or an incorrect PIN was entered. A communications icon 472 represents the communications link between the remote W095/05609 j~ , 2 1 6 9 7 6 1 PCT~S94109126 vending machine and the central computer. If the icon 472 flashes, a user knows that there is some problem with the communications link.
In all instances it is preferred that the operator be able to set the levels a respective alarm activates as well as whether the alarm is automatically sent or merely stored for routine transmission at the regular time. This allows an operator to custom design his system to his own specifications. (The alarms could also be ignored at the computer 15 subject to display on calling up the particular vending machine. For example one operator might not be concerned with low inventory of a particular item as long as the machine itself had something to sell, while another operator might be very concerned with low column inventory. For another example ambient temperature in a pop machine causes no damage to the items therein. Thus one operator may choose to not have automatic transmission or recognition of a temperature alarm (although may choose to have a below Y
or above X compressor alarm so activated).
The above graphic interface is given by example.
Others may be utilized by the invention.
With this type of graphic interface, an operator can rapidly step through a vast multiple of individual displays, each representing a particular vending machine, with the information necessary to establish a condition needing immediate attention (an alarm such as door open) or a condition needing eventual attention (low inventory of an item as indicated by a yellow short bar). The operator can do this intuitively without the necessity of appreciating let alone taking the time to read and interpret an alphabetic/numeric presentation of the same data. Further, due to the common signal and/or universal displays per generic machine, the graphic information will be presented in a non-confusing manner. The operator can subsequently leisurely go through the displays for additional more specific information.

WO9~l05609 ~ ~ -v~ PCT~S94/osl26 The display 450 shown includes this additional more specific information in a plurality of smaller window areas. An example of more specific information present in this additional area would be an identity of the products in the machine, the location of the products within the machine, the location of the display within the machine, the communication parameters for the displayed machine, and physical location of the displayed machine. A further example additional information might include the date and time of last service, the servicer's name and pager number, listing of the most recent alarms, and other detailed information.
In the specific embodiment shown, an area 474 shown describes the particular product maintained in each column of the vending machine. This identifies to the operator the items represented by the various columns, preferably together with brand names. This information typically has to be manually entered. This allows an operator to better comprehend the graphic display. For example, if one column contained a red bar indicating a critically low inventory of Diet Pepsi, while two other columns contained green bars indicating an adequate inventory, the operator and system would know that the red bar alarm could be ignored with relative impunity. Also, the operator could order the required product items to fill the various columns from the display alone if desired. In this respect, it is noted that most items are shipped and/or packed in multiple item containers (for example 24 cans of pop per box). It is possible for the inventory to be managed in multiples of these multiple item containers so as to avoid odd lot inventory. This would be typically done for pop.
A window 476 shown defines where the particular vending machine is located together with other information. In the embodiment shown, the information includes the identity of the service route of which the machine is a part (the link name), the method to contact WO95/05G09 ,~ ~ 2 1 6 ~ 7 6 1 PCT~S9~/09126 this machine (the link ID), the exact type of machine (manufacturer and model number), and the physical location of the machine (street address and location thereat).
This information allows the operator to handle any problem with the machine.
The window 478 keeps track of the most recent alarms experienced by the particular vending machine shown in the display 450. This allows the operator to verify that the problems represented thereby have been handled appropriately. This information is generated automatically.
This is an example of further information that can be provided by this additional area of the display.
The information which produces the display 450 is stored in the database 22 which is maintained by the central computer system. Each time a data packet is received from the remote vending machine, the database is updated and used to change the configuration of the display 450 next time displayed. Therefore, a user can easily identify any problems which may exist in a particular vending machine by viewing the display 450.
The old data is preferably stored in a separate database for use in creating additional value based information.
Examples include product trend analysis, eminent machine breakdown, aging of inventory, and other conditions over time based information.
For cost considerations, it is preferred that all of the displays be generated at the computer, this to simplify data trAn~;ssion. In specific, once initial programming has taken place, normally only the number of vend cycles per item would be communicated across the network: The rest of the data would preferably be deemed to remain stagnant (i.e., no signal, programmed condition to remain).
In addition to the specific machine displays, it is preferred that there also be a master alarm display of all machines on a particular route and/or vending W095lo~60~ PCT~S94/09126 territory. An example of this type of graphical display provided by the central computer is shown in FIGURE 15.
This display 500 indicates to a user all the vending machines contained on a particular route. These routes may be assigned to one or more service technicians. On the display is shown a window 502 which shows the particular route number and the number of each vending machine contained on that particular route. Next to the number of each particular vending machine is a dot 504 which is color coded to indicate an alarm condition within the vending machine. If the dot is green, no alarm exists. An alarm condition is displayed as a red dot.
This provides the operator with an instant full route status report as to any critical conditions. Therefore, when the user opens a window 502, it is easy to detect which vending machines have alarm conditions. The display 500 also contains smaller icons 506 at the bottom which represent each route maintained on the database. By selecting one of the smaller icons 506, the window 502 is produced showing each vending machine on the route selected.
In the upper left-hand portion of the display 500 is a dot 510. The dot indicates to the user whether an alarm packet has been received for any vending machine in contact with the central computer system. The dot 510 is red and can be accompanied by an audible alarm if a vending machine transmits an alarm data packet. The user can see which vending machine has activated the alarm by opening the window 502 and looking for the dot 504 next to the number of the vending machine that transmitted the alarm data packet.
As can be seen, the present invention allows a user to monitor the operation of a plurality of vending machines from a central computer system. Each vending machine is periodically interrogated by the central computer and the pertinent information regarding the amount of money in the machine, the amount of product left WO 9~10rCO9 ~ r 2 1 6 q 7 6 1 PCT~S94/09126 .

in the machine and any alarm conditions which may have occurred in the machine is graphically illustrated to the user. Thus, the present invention can allow a user to efficiently schedule service visits, to repair problems and make sure the machine is fully stocked. Furthermore, the use of the modem provides a level of convenience and simplicity which was not previously available in remote monitoring systems.
While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made therein without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention. The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

Claims

Claim 1. A system for monitoring one or more machines and transmitting data from the machines to a remote computer comprising:
a plurality of sensors disposed in each machine, each sensor producing a data signal that is indicative of an operation of the machine;
a controller circuit in each machine coupled to each of the plurality of sensors including means for reading and storing the raw uninterpreted data signals produced by the sensors;
a communications circuit coupled to the controller circuit that transmits the raw uninterpreted data signals produced by the sensors to the remote computer periodically over a network and decoding means at the remote computer that decodes the raw uninterpreted data into meaningful information in respect to a given operation of a vending machine.
Claim 2. A system for monitoring one or more machines and transmitting data from the machines to a remote computer comprising a plurality of sensors disposed in the machine, each sensor producing a data signal that is indicative of an operation of the machine;
a controller circuit coupled to each of the plurality of sensors including means for reading the data signals produced by the sensors; and, a communications circuit coupled to the controller circuit that transmits the data signals produced by the sensors to the remote computer over a network, means for producing a graphical display that represents the machine, the graphical display including one or more icons that correspond to a data signal produced by the sensors in the machine; and, means disposed in the remote computer for updating the icons to correspond to changes in the data signals produced by the sensors.
Claim 3. The system as in Claim 2 further comprising:
means disposed in the machine for formatting the data signals produced by the sensors into one or more digital data packets; and, means for causing the communications circuit to transmit the digital data packets over a network.
Claim 4. The system as in Claim 2 wherein the machine is a vending machine and the one or more icons produced on the remote computer include:
a representation of a vending machine having a plurality of columns; and, each column being represented as a bar graph having a height that varies in proportion to a data signal received from the vending machine.
Claim 5. The system as in Claim 4 wherein the one or more icons include:
a representation of a power outlet; and, said representation being displayed by the central computer as a flashing icon if a data signal received from the vending machine indicates that the vending machine has lost electrical power.
Claim 6. The system as in Claim 4 wherein the one or more icons include:
a representation of a compressor; and, said representation being displayed by the central computer as a flashing icon if a data signal received from the vending machine indicates that the compressor has cycled too few or too many times in a predefined time period.
Claim 7. The system as in Claim 4 wherein the one or more icons include:
a representation of a coin; and, said presentation being displayed by the central computer as a flashing icon if a data signal received from the vending machine indicates the vending machine requires exact change.
Claim 8. The system as in Claim 4 wherein the one or more icons include:
a representation of a key; and, said representation being displayed by the central computer as a flashing icon if a data signal received from the vending machine indicates a door of the vending machine has been opened by an unauthorized person.
Claim 9. The system as in Claim 1 further comprising:
a first serial port coupled to the controller circuit; and, a handheld data entry terminal including a second serial port for communicating with the controller circuit through the first serial port wherein said handheld data entry terminal further includes means for entering service data into the controller circuit that is indicative of a service operation performed by a service technician.
Claim 10. The system as in Claim 9 further comprising:
means for detecting when a door to the machine is opened;

means disposed in the controller circuit for determining if an identification code is received from the data entry terminal; and, means for getting an internal alarm if an identification code is not received in a predefined period after a door is opened.
Claim 11. The system of Claim 9 wherein said data entry is accomplished through infrared communications signals between said data entry terminal and said controller circuit.
Claim 12. The system of Claim 9 further including a data cable removably connected to said first and second serial ports so as to transfer data between said handheld data entry terminal and said controller circuit.
Claim 13. In a system for monitoring two or more vending machines at one location and transmitting data from the machines to a remote computer, the improvement of means for one master machine to communicate to the remote computer and means for the other slave machine to store data representative of raw uninterpreted information and to periodically communicate such stored information to said master machine on command for transmission to the remote computer.
Claim 14. The system of claim 13 characterized in that said means for said other slave machine to communicate with said master machine includes a dedicated wire.
Claim 15. The system of claim 13 characterized in that said means for said other slave machine to communicate with said master machine includes a dedicated serial bus.
Claim 16. The system of claim 13 characterized in that said means for said other slave machine to communicate with said master machine includes a short range radio.
Claim 17. The system of claim 13 characterized in that said means for said other slave machine to communicate with said master machine includes an X-10 power line signal transfer system.
Claim 18. The system of claim 13 characterized in that there are multiple locations and multiple master/slave units.
Claim 19. A system for remotely monitoring some operational elements of vending machines that have certain electrical signals;
said system including sensor means to produce a signal representative of the certain electrical signals in a raw uninterpreted form, network means to pass said signal to a remote monitoring location;
decoding means at said remote monitoring location to process said signal to decode said raw uninterpreted signals into meaningful operational element data; and, remote monitoring means to process said data to allow remote monitoring of the operational elements of the vending machine.
Claim 20. A system for remotely monitoring some operational elements of vending machines that have certain electrical signals;

said system including sensor means to produce a signal representative of the certain electrical signals, network means to pass said signal to a remote monitoring location;
decoding means at said remote monitoring location to process said signal to decode same into meaningful operational element data; and, remote monitoring means to process said data to allow remote monitoring of the operational elements of the vending machine, the vending machine having a wiring harness and said sensor means includes a data acquisition unit;
a tap cable assembly, and said tap cable assembly connecting said data acquisition unit to the wiring harness.
Claim 21. The system of claim 19 wherein there are two vending machines, each with differing certain electrical signals, and characterized by the addition of said system further including second sensor means to produce a further signal representative of the certain electrical signals of the second vending machine;
said network means passing said further signal to said remote monitoring location;
second decoding means at said remote monitoring location to process said further signal to decode same into meaningful operational date for the second vending machine; and, said remote monitoring means processing said data for said second vending machine to allow remote monitoring of the operational elements of said second vending machine.
Claim 22. The system of claim 21 characterized in that said decoding means and said second decoding means produce a common type signal.
Claim 23. The system of claim 21 characterized in that said sensor means and said second sensor means include a common type universal data acquisition unit.
Claim 24. The system of claim 21 wherein the vending machine and second vending machine each have wiring harnesses and characterized in that said sensor means includes a tap cable assembly;
said tap cable assembly connected to the wiring harness of the vending machine and said second sensor means includes a second tap cable assembly;
said second tap cable assembly connected to the wiring harness of the second vending machine, and said second tap cable assembly being different than said tap cable assembly.
Claim 25. In a vending machine monitoring system for a vending machine having a parameter, the monitoring occurring at a remote location;
the improvement of an alarm means, said alarm means being activated dependent on the parameter; and, adjust means to adjust said alarm means in respect to the parameter at the remote location.
Claim 26. The system of claim 25 characterized in that said alarm means can be selectively disabled.
Claim 27. The system of claim 25 wherein the parameter has a varying value and characterized in that said adjust means varies the activation of said alarm means based on the value of the parameter.
Claim 28. The system of claim 27 characterized in that said alarm means has an upper limit value activation.
Claim 29. The system of claim 27 characterized in that said alarm means has a lower limit value.
Claim 30. The system of claim 27 characterized in that the parameter is a number.
Claim 31. The system of claim 27 characterized in that the parameter is a level.
Claim 32. A system for remotely monitoring some operation elements of varying types of vending machines that have electrical and mechanical differences;
said system including an acquisition means to produce a common type signal for the operational elements of a particular vending machine;
network means to pass said common type signal to a remote monitoring location; and, remote monitoring means to process said common type signal to allow remote monitoring of the operational elements of the particular vending machine.
Claim 33. The system of Claim 32 wherein the vending machine has a wiring harness and characterized in that said acquisition means includes a data acquisition unit;

a tap cable assembly, and said tap cable assembly connecting said data acquisition unit to the wiring harness.
Claim 34. A system for remotely monitoring some operational elements of varying types of vending machines that have electrical and mechanical differences;
said system including an data acquisition unit, means to connect said data acquisition unit to a particular vending machine, means for said data acquisition unit to produce a common type signal for the operational elements of the particular vending machine;
network means to pass said common type signal to a remote monitoring location; and, remote monitoring means to process said common type signal to allow remote monitoring of the operational elements of the particular vending machine.
Claim 35. The system as in Claim 34 characterized in that at least two types of vending machines are being remotely monitored; and, each particular vending machine has a different data acquisition unit.
Claim 36. The system as in Claim 34 wherein at least two types of vending machines are being remotely monitored, each having its own differing circuitry;
and characterized by the addition of a first tap cable assembly, said data acquisition unit being a first data acquisition unit, said first tap cable assembly connecting the circuitry of one type of vending machine to said first data acquisition unit;

a second tap cable assembly, a second data acquisition unit, said second tap cable assembly connecting the circuitry of the second type of vending machine to said second data acquisition unit, and said second tap cable assembly being different than said first tap cable assembly.
Claim 37. The system as in Claim 36 characterized in that said second data acquisition unit is different than said first data acquisition unit.
Claim 38. The system as in Claim 34 characterized by the addition of a universal bus means to interconnect said data acquisition unit to said network means.
Claim 39. The system as in Claim 34 wherein the particular vending machine contains an item with an inventory; and, characterized in that said remote monitoring means includes a graphic display indicating the relative amount of remaining inventory.
Claim 40. The system as in Claim 39 wherein the particular vending machine contains at least two items with inventories having a differing maximum;
and, characterized in that said remote monitoring means includes a graphic display indicating the relative amount of remaining inventory respectively, with such indication providing a similar relative indication of maximum inventory.
Claim 41. The system as in Claim 34 wherein said common type signal includes row and column information.
Claim 42. The system as in Claim 34 wherein said system includes a remote link unit, said remote link unit being connected between said data acquisition unit and said network means, said remote link unit having a memory, said memory storing data representative of the changing operational elements of the vending machine; and, means for said remote link unit to pass the data to said network means.
Claim 43. The system of Claim 34 characterized in that said common type signal is the existence of a signal within the vending machines together with simultaneous occurrence coding for at least some of said signals with said remote monitoring means converting said common type signals into utilizable information.
Claim 44. The system of claim 43 characterized in that at least two types of vending machines are being remotely monitored and each particular vending machine having the same data acquisition unit.
Claim 45. In a system for remotely monitoring the operation elements of vending machines, said system comprising sensors;
said sensors having signal outputs respectively, said signal outputs representing differing types of machine conditions depending on the length of said signals;

network means to pass said signals to a remote location for monitoring, said network means including an automatic transmission means; and, said automatic transmission means being activated by said length of said signals outputs.
Claim 46. The system of claim 45 characterized in that said signal outputs include short length vend cycle signals and longer length alarm signals, and said automatic transmission means being activated by said longer length alarm signals.
Claim 47. The system of claim 46 characterized by the addition of memory means and said memory means storing said short length vend cycle signals for subsequent transmission.
Claim 48. The system of claim 46 characterized by the addition of trigger means to trigger the transmission over said network of said short length vend cycle signals from said memory means.
Claim 49. In a system for remotely monitoring the operational elements of varying types of vending machines including operational elements having identifiable characteristics;
said system including generation means to generate a graphic image on a screen, and control means to control said generation means to produce an image representing the operational element having identifiable characteristics.
Claim 50. The system of Claim 49 wherein the identifiable characteristics include the type of vending machine and the available inventory items;

and characterized in that said control means includes a storage area having a limited number of images representing vending machines; and, image select means to select the image most similar to the type of vending machine including available inventory items.
Claim 51. The system of Claim 49 wherein the identifiable characteristics include certain operational elements;
and characterized in that said control means includes a storage area having a limited number of icon images representing the certain operational elements; and, icon image select means to select the icon image most similar to the certain operational element.
Claim 52. The system of Claim 51 wherein the identifiable characteristic for a particular machine include a power supply and characterized in that said control means includes an icon representing a power supply, and icon select means to select the power icon for display.
Claim 53. The system of Claim 51 wherein the identifiable characteristic for a particular machine include a compressor and characterized in that said control means includes an icon representing a compressor, and icon select means to select the compressor for display.
Claim 54. The system of Claim 51 wherein the identifiable characteristic for a particular machine include a change supply and characterized in that said control means includes an icon representing a coin, and icon select means to select the coin for display.
Claim 55. The system of Claim 51 wherein the identifiable characteristic for a particular machine include a door open signal and characterized in that said control means includes an icon representing a key, and icon select means to select the key for display.
Claim 56. The system of claim 49 wherein the operational elements include an inventory of a certain type of item and characterized by the addition of said control means includes an icon representing this item and item icon select means to select this icon representing this item for display.
Claim 57. The system of Claim 56 wherein the inventory is pop containers and characterized in that said item icon select means produces a circle.
Claim 58. The system of Claim 57 wherein the inventory of pop containers is a certain amount and characterized by stacking means to replicate said circles to a number reflecting the certain amount.
Claim 59. The system of Claim 56 wherein the inventory is a change and characterized in that said item icon select means produces a rectangle.
Claim 60. The system of Claim 59 wherein there is a certain amount of change in the machine and characterized by stacking means to replicate said rectangles to a number reflecting the certain amount of change.
Claim 61. In a remote vending machine monitoring system sending operational element information from a plurality of differing types of vending machines to a remotely located processor over a network, such machines including those using columns alone and not rows for inventory;
the improvement of the signal passing over the network being a common signal for differing machines; and, said signal including row and column information.
Claim 62. The system as in Claim 61 wherein the system is utilized with vending machines having maximum number of rows columns along with machines having lesser numbers and characterized in that said signal includes the maximum number of rows and columns for machines having lesser numbers.
Claim 63. The system as in Claim 61 characterized in that said row and column information is vend events.
Claim 64. The system as in Claim 61 wherein the vending machines included matrix coded operative elements and characterized in that said row and column information are the matrix coded operative elements and acquisition at the vending machine to decode such row and column information.
Claim 65. The system as in Claim 61 wherein the system is utilized with vending machine having differing sensors not inventory related, the system utilized with vending machines having a maximum number of such sensors along with machines having lesser numbers; and, characterized in that said signal includes the maximum number of sensors for machines having lesser numbers.
Claim 66. The system as in Claim 61 wherein the system is utilized with vending machines having alarm conditions; and, characterized in that said signal includes such alarm conditions.
Claim 67. The system as in Claim 61 wherein the vending machines include an inventory; and, characterized by means to track the amount of such inventory at the remotely located processor.
Claim 68. The system as in Claim 67 characterized by the addition of means to track the historical changes of the amount of such inventory at the remotely located processor.
Claim 69. The system of claim 61 characterized in that said row and column information is matrix coded including simultaneous occurrence information, and the system additionally including decoding means to decode said information.
Claim 70. The system of claim 69 characterized in that said decoding means is at the remotely located processor.
Claim 71. In a remote vending machine monitoring system having sensor means relative to the operational elements of a vending machine and a communication network for passing signals representative of the operation elements to a remote monitoring location;

the improvement of the remote monitoring location including a graphic display means; and, said graphic display means including a graphic representation of at least one universal vending machine together with its operational elements.
Claim 72. The system as in Claim 71 wherein the operational elements include items with inventories; and, the further improvement of said graphic representation including graph means disclosing such inventories.
Claim 73. The system as in Claim 72 wherein the inventories have acceptably and not acceptable levels; and, characterized in that said graph means indicates the acceptable and not acceptable levels with varying colors.
Claim 74. The system as in Claim 72 wherein the inventories have differing maximums and said graph means displaying the same relative indicators for differing maximums.
Claim 75. The system as in Claim 71 characterized in that said graphic representation includes a plurality of a generic representations of a type of vending machine.
Claim 76. The system as in Claim 71 wherein a vending machine has certain operational conditions producing an alarm; and, characterized by indication means to indicate the alarm condition on the graphic representation of a differing vending machine.
Claim 77. The system as in Claim 76 characterized by means to display the graphic representation of the vending machine with the alarm condition, such means utilizing said indication means.
Claim 78. The system as in Claim 71 characterized in that said graphic representation is a single generic representation for differing types of vending machines.
Claim 79. The system as in Claim 71 characterized by the addition of means for said graphic display means to provide historical trend type information relative to the operational elements.
Claim 80. The system as in Claim 71 wherein the system is utilized with varying capability vending machines having differing parameters and characterized in that said graphic display means includes means to modify said graphic representation in line with the differing parameters.
Claim 81. In a vending machine remote monitoring system to keep track of an inventory of an item in the vending machine; the improvement of a computer;
means to program the computer with a number representing the inventory in the vending machine;
means to transfer the number of actual vend cycles from the vending machine to the computer; and, means to subtract the number of actual vend cycles frQm the programmed number to represent the inventory at the remote vending machine.
Claim 82. The system of claim 81 wherein the item is packed in certain multiples in bulk shipping containers and the inventory is depleted by a number in excess of the certain multiple; and, characterized by means for said computer to generate a report disclosing the needed inventory by the certain multiples.
Claim 83. The system of claim 82 characterized by update means for said computer to update the number representing the inventory at the remote vending machine by the certain multiples of needed inventory.
Claim 84. The system of claim 83 characterized by the addition of indicate means to indicate that the new inventory has been added to vending machine and said update means operating automatically on said indicate means.
Claim 85. In a unit system for monitoring a vending machine including transmitting data from the machine to a remote computer, the improvement of the data being transmitted in a data packet, said data packet including a vending machine unit identification number signal, said vending machine unit identification signal being unique for every machine, a sequence number signal, said sequence number signal being an incremental number of the times data is sent by the link to the computer, and said data signal carrying the subsequent information about the status of the vending machine.
Claim 86. The improved data packet of Claim 85 characterized in that said data packet is preceded by a marker byte signal, and said marker byte signal indicating the beginning of said data packet.
Claim 87. The data packet of Claim 86 characterized in that said data packet includes a packet length signal, and said packet length signal indicating the length of said data packet minus said marker byte.
Claim 88. The data packet of Claim 87 characterized in that said packet length signal immediately follows said marker byte signal.
Claim 89. The data packet of Claim 86 characterized by the addition of a check sum signal, said check sum signal concluding said data packet, and said data check sum utilized to determine errors in transmission.
Claim 90. The data packet of Claim 85 characterized by a packet type signal, said packet type signal indicating the type of data transmitted and how to interpret it, and said packet type signal immediately preceding said data signal.
Claim 91. In a system for monitoring vending machines and transmitting data from the machines to a remote computer, an improved data packet, said data packet including a marker signal, said marker signal indicating the beginning of said data packet, a unit identification signal, said unit identification signal following said marker signal, said unit identification signal identifying the particular vending machine, a sequence number signal, said sequence number signal following said unit identification signal, said sequence number signal being incremented for each time a data packet is transmitted, and said sequence number signal indicating in incremental numbers the number of times data is sent by the links to the computer, a data signal, and said data signal carrying the information in respect to the status of the vending machine.
Claim 92. The data packet of Claim 91 characterized by the addition of a packet length signal, said packet length signal following said marker signal, and said packet length signal indicating that the length of said data packet excluding said marker signal.
Claim 93. The data packet of Claim 92 characterized by check sum signals, said check sum signals following said data signals, and said check sum signals being utilized to determine if there is error in transmission.
Claim 94. A system for remotely monitoring the operations elements of varying types of vending machines that have mechanical and electrical differences, said system including means to produce a common type signal for the operational elements of a particular vending machine, and data means to store said common signal in a unitary database at a remote location.
Claim 95. The system of Claim 94 characterized by the addition of network means to pass said common type signal from the vending machines to the remote location.
Claim 96. The system of Claim 94 wherein the varying types of vending machines include one machine with a maximum number of individual inventory items and a maximum number of auxiliary functions and characterized in that said database has fields and said fields for all machines being equal in number to the maximum number of individual inventory items and auxiliary functions.
Claim 97. The system of Claim 96 wherein for other machines fields may be empty and characterized by the addition of means to blank the empty fields for the other machines.
Claim 98. The system of Claim 94 wherein the vending machines have alarms and characterized in that said common type signal includes a signal representative of the alarm status for each machine respectively, said unitary data base having an alarm field, and means to enable or disable an indication of an alarm for each machine respectively.
Claim 99. The system of Claim 94 wherein the vending machines have vend cycles and an inventory for items and characterized in that said common type signal includes a signal representative of the vend cycles for each machine respectively, said data base has an inventory field, said inventory field including a number representative of the inventory in each machine respectively and means to modify said number by said vend cycles for each machine respectively.
Claim 100. The system of Claim 99 wherein the maximum inventory for the items has a value and characterized by the addition of means to generate an inventory requirements list for each machine respectively from the inventory field for such machine in said database.
Claim 101. The system of Claim 100 wherein the inventory items come in unitary containers having multiple items and characterized by the addition of means to modify said inventory requirement list for each machine to unitary contained multiples.
Claim 102. The system of Claim 100 wherein the vending machines are located in service areas and characterized by the addition of means to generate inventory requirements lists by vending machines in a service area.
Claim 103. The system of Claim 99 wherein the inventory items for each machine respectively have critical values and characterized by the addition of means to generate a critical inventory report of all inventory items at the critical values.
Claim 104. The system of Claim 103 characterized by means to selectively alter the critical values for the inventory items for each machine respectively.
Claim 105. The system of Claim 94 wherein some vending machines have conditions with critical values and characterized by the addition of means to generate an alarm indication for a vending machine based on the critical values respectively.
Claim 106. The system of Claim 105 characterized by the addition of means to selectively alter the critical values for the conditions for each machine respectively.
Claim 107. The system of Claim 99 characterized by the addition of means to store historical data representative of the inventory and means to analyze said historical data.
Claim 108. In a system for monitoring one or more vending machines from a remote computer, such machines having operational elements memory based on data, a remote link unit, network means for said remote link unit to acquire data from the remote computer and program means for said remote link unit to alter the data in the memory of the machines.
Claim 109. The system of Claim 108 characterized in that the vending machines have alarms automatically sent if enabled and said program means enabling or disabling said alarms.
Claim 110. The system of Claim 108 wherein the operational elements include the pricing of individual vend units and characterized in that said program means alters the pricing of such units.
Claim 111. The system of Claim 109 wherein the operational elements include a door intrusion override by identification code and characterized in that said program means alters the identification code.