CA2168537A1 - Locking knuckle-type joint and apparatus employing same - Google Patents
Locking knuckle-type joint and apparatus employing sameInfo
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- CA2168537A1 CA2168537A1 CA 2168537 CA2168537A CA2168537A1 CA 2168537 A1 CA2168537 A1 CA 2168537A1 CA 2168537 CA2168537 CA 2168537 CA 2168537 A CA2168537 A CA 2168537A CA 2168537 A1 CA2168537 A1 CA 2168537A1
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- teeth
- tool
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Abstract
A locking knuckle-type joint pivotably interconnects first and second members that are moveable at least along an axis intersecting the joint and pivotable at least about the axis between selected locked positions. The joint includes first and second complementary, interlockable faces on the first and second members, respectively, and a respective plurality of mating teeth on each of the faces. Each tooth has a peak edge extending substantially radially from the center point, and each pair of adjacent teeth defines a valley edge extending substantially radially from the center point between the adjacent teeth. The first and second faces are oppositely disposed at the joint and are adapted for substantially mating contact with one another. The joint also includes a screw for adjusting the distance along the axis between the oppositely disposed first and second complementary, interlockable faces on the first and second members for removably interlocking the first and second members into one of a plurality of angular orientations relative to one another. The joint couples handles or other fittings to a pair of gripper jaw portions to facilitate gripping a polishing stone or other tool.
The joint also couples a tool head to a handle to define a more general modular tool.
The joint also couples a tool head to a handle to define a more general modular tool.
Description
LOC~ING ~Nu~E-TYPE JOINT
AND APPARAT~S EMPLOYING SAME
Technical Field The present invention relates generally to knuckle-type joints and more particularly to a locking knuckle-type joint useful for pivotably interconnecting first and second tool members and locking them in a plurality of angular orientations with respect to one another.
Back~round Art Ordinarily, when two structures, such as tool members, must be interconnected such that they are pivotable with respect to one another, a'nd lockable in a plurality of angular orientations with respect to one another, a locking knuckle-type joint (i.e., a joint that permits rotational movement about a single axis) is provided. These joints generally include a pair of contacting surfaces, one of which is disposed on each of the two structures. When in contact, the surfaces inhibit rotation of one of the structures with respect to the other in order to maintain a desired angular orientation between the two structures.
Prior-art, locking, knuckle-type joints accomplish this locking function either by providing means for maintaining frictional engagement between the contacting faces such that the two structures cannot easily be rotated with respect to one another or by providing means for interlocking the faces in one of a ` - 2 - PATENT APPLICATION
AND APPARAT~S EMPLOYING SAME
Technical Field The present invention relates generally to knuckle-type joints and more particularly to a locking knuckle-type joint useful for pivotably interconnecting first and second tool members and locking them in a plurality of angular orientations with respect to one another.
Back~round Art Ordinarily, when two structures, such as tool members, must be interconnected such that they are pivotable with respect to one another, a'nd lockable in a plurality of angular orientations with respect to one another, a locking knuckle-type joint (i.e., a joint that permits rotational movement about a single axis) is provided. These joints generally include a pair of contacting surfaces, one of which is disposed on each of the two structures. When in contact, the surfaces inhibit rotation of one of the structures with respect to the other in order to maintain a desired angular orientation between the two structures.
Prior-art, locking, knuckle-type joints accomplish this locking function either by providing means for maintaining frictional engagement between the contacting faces such that the two structures cannot easily be rotated with respect to one another or by providing means for interlocking the faces in one of a ` - 2 - PATENT APPLICATION
plurality of predetermined positions. The frictionally engaging joint often provides continuous rotational movement so that any desired angular orientation between the two structures may be obtained, but this type of joint does not provide sufficient holding power for those applications where appreciable torque is applied to the two structures. In contrast, the interlocking joint may be interlocked in a plurality of discrete angular orientations and provides somewhat greater holding power than the frictional joint. The contacting faces of prior interlocking joints have not been designed to provide adequate mating with one another, however. As a result, prior-art interlocking joints do not provide satisfactory holding power in high-torque applications.
Further, many prior-art knuckle joints do not provide stable mating between the faces of the two joint halves; instead, the joint halves contact one another primarily along the circumference thereof, resulting in poor high-torque performance, or they contact one another primarily in the center thereof, such that the faces may pivot about the center and rock with respect to one another, resulting in poor holding performance altogether. Still further, prior locking knuckle-type joint designs have not been capable of miniaturization while maintaining a reasonably high degree of holding power for small joints.
Further, many prior-art knuckle joints do not provide stable mating between the faces of the two joint halves; instead, the joint halves contact one another primarily along the circumference thereof, resulting in poor high-torque performance, or they contact one another primarily in the center thereof, such that the faces may pivot about the center and rock with respect to one another, resulting in poor holding performance altogether. Still further, prior locking knuckle-type joint designs have not been capable of miniaturization while maintaining a reasonably high degree of holding power for small joints.
Summary of the Invention According to the present invention, a locking knuckle-type joint pivotably interconnects first and second members which are moveable at least along an axis intersecting the joint and pivotable at least about the axis between selected locked positions. The joint includes first and second complementary, interlockable faces on, and preferably integral with, the first and second members, respectively, and a respective plurality of mating teeth on each of the first and second faces. Each tooth has a peak edge extending substantially radially from the center point, and each pair of adjacent teeth defines a valley edge extending substantially radially from the center point between the adjacent teeth such that each tooth is bounded by a pair of adjacent valley edges. The first and second faces are oppositely disposed at the joint and are adapted for substantially mating contact with one another such that the teeth of the first and second faces are substantially matingly interlocked with one another. A joint according to the present invention also includes adjusting means having first and second states for adjusting the distance along the axis between the oppositely disposed first and second complementary, interlockable faces on the first and second members. When the adjusting means is in the first state, the first and second members are freely and independently pivotable about the axis relative to one another. When the adjusting means is in the second state, the first and second members are locked into one -2 1 6 ~ 5 3 7 28429/32247 of a plurality of angular orientations relative to one another, and the first and second faces are disposed in substantially mating contact with one another in the selected locked position.
In accordance with a particular aspect of the present invention, each tooth has a pair of surfaces, each of which is bounded between the peak edge of the tooth and a respective one of the valley edges bounding the tooth, wherein the surfaces of the teeth of each of the first and second faces together substantially completely define the first and second faces.
In one embodiment of the present invention, each face includes N teeth, each tooth subtending a first angle ~ substantially equal to 3N degrees. Also in that embodiment, the surfaces of each tooth are disposed at a second angle ~ with respect to one another; and a third, acute angle ~, defined between the axis and each of the peak edges, and also between the axis and each of the valley edges, is related to the first angle ~ and the second angle ~ substantially according to the following equation:
tan(~) = 90 - arccos 4 tan(2) Each pair of adjacent valley edges defines a first angle, and all of the first angles defined by pairs of adjacent valley edges are substantially equal to one another and are preferably substantially equal to fifteen degrees, whereby each of the first and second faces includes twenty-four teeth.
In accordance with a particular aspect of the present invention, each tooth has a pair of surfaces, each of which is bounded between the peak edge of the tooth and a respective one of the valley edges bounding the tooth, wherein the surfaces of the teeth of each of the first and second faces together substantially completely define the first and second faces.
In one embodiment of the present invention, each face includes N teeth, each tooth subtending a first angle ~ substantially equal to 3N degrees. Also in that embodiment, the surfaces of each tooth are disposed at a second angle ~ with respect to one another; and a third, acute angle ~, defined between the axis and each of the peak edges, and also between the axis and each of the valley edges, is related to the first angle ~ and the second angle ~ substantially according to the following equation:
tan(~) = 90 - arccos 4 tan(2) Each pair of adjacent valley edges defines a first angle, and all of the first angles defined by pairs of adjacent valley edges are substantially equal to one another and are preferably substantially equal to fifteen degrees, whereby each of the first and second faces includes twenty-four teeth.
_ In addition, a second acute angle is defined between the axis and each of the peak edges and each of the valley edges, and all of the second angles are substantially equal to one another, and are preferably substantially equal to 8615'.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the adjusting means includes means for releasably holding the first and second members together with the first and second faces disposed in substantially mating contact with one another so that the teeth thereof are interlocked. Preferably, the holding means includes a screw extending through a first hole defined by one of the members and threadedly received by a second hole defined by the other member.
Also preferably, the adjusting means is in the second state when the screw is sufficiently tight to hold the first and second members together such that the first and second members cannot pivot with respect to one another and in the first state when the screw is sufficiently loose to enable the first and second members to rotate freely and independently about the axis.
In accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the first and second members is composed of a conductive metal, and the teeth thereof are formed by electrical discharge ma~h;n~ng. One or both of the first and second members may alternatively be composed of plastic or any other suitable material, if desired.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the adjusting means includes means for releasably holding the first and second members together with the first and second faces disposed in substantially mating contact with one another so that the teeth thereof are interlocked. Preferably, the holding means includes a screw extending through a first hole defined by one of the members and threadedly received by a second hole defined by the other member.
Also preferably, the adjusting means is in the second state when the screw is sufficiently tight to hold the first and second members together such that the first and second members cannot pivot with respect to one another and in the first state when the screw is sufficiently loose to enable the first and second members to rotate freely and independently about the axis.
In accordance with a particular embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the first and second members is composed of a conductive metal, and the teeth thereof are formed by electrical discharge ma~h;n~ng. One or both of the first and second members may alternatively be composed of plastic or any other suitable material, if desired.
One application for which the locking knuckle-type joint of the present invention is particularly useful is an apparatus, combined with the locking knuckle-type joint described herein, for gripping a polishing or grinding stone or other tool. Such an apparatus includes a pair of gripper jaw portions coupled together by a pair of tightening screws, wherein the jaw portions together define a variable-gauge jaw adapted for securely gripping a tool, and at least one fitting coupled to one of the first and second jaw portions via a first locking knuckle-type joint, such that the fitting and the jaw portion to which the fitting is coupled are the first and second members, respectively, of the first joint.
Preferably, at least one fitting of such an apparatus includes either a handle or means for receiving a handle. One fitting may include two or perhaps more fitting portions coupled together via further locking knuckle-type joints such that any two adjacent fitting portions are the first and second members, respectively, of the further locking knuckle-type joints. In one embodiment, one fitting may include means for receiving a shank for enabling the apparatus to be used with a power reciprocating tool.
Another application embodying the locking knuckle-type joint of the present invention is a modular tool including a tool head and a handle coupled to the tool head via a first locking knuckle-type joint such that the tool head and the handle are the first and second members, respectively, of the first locking knuckle-type joint. Preferably, the handle of the modular tool includes a handle portion and a fitting, coupled together via a second locking knuckle-type joint, such that the handle portion and the fitting are the first and second members, respectively, of the second locking knuckle-type joint, the tool head and the fitting being the first and second members, respectively, of the first locking knuckle-type joint. Of course, any desired number of such intenmediate fittings may interconnect the handle portion and the tool head.
Brief Description of the Drawin~
The features of this invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention may be best understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals identify like elements in the several figures and in which:
Fig. 1 is a fragmentary isometric view of first and second members coupled together by a locking knuckle-type joint according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an exploded fragmentary isometric view of the locking knuckle-type joint of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of one of the first and second members of the locking knuckle-type joint of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 iS sectional view of the locking knuckle-type joint taken along the lines 4--4 of Fig. 3;
Preferably, at least one fitting of such an apparatus includes either a handle or means for receiving a handle. One fitting may include two or perhaps more fitting portions coupled together via further locking knuckle-type joints such that any two adjacent fitting portions are the first and second members, respectively, of the further locking knuckle-type joints. In one embodiment, one fitting may include means for receiving a shank for enabling the apparatus to be used with a power reciprocating tool.
Another application embodying the locking knuckle-type joint of the present invention is a modular tool including a tool head and a handle coupled to the tool head via a first locking knuckle-type joint such that the tool head and the handle are the first and second members, respectively, of the first locking knuckle-type joint. Preferably, the handle of the modular tool includes a handle portion and a fitting, coupled together via a second locking knuckle-type joint, such that the handle portion and the fitting are the first and second members, respectively, of the second locking knuckle-type joint, the tool head and the fitting being the first and second members, respectively, of the first locking knuckle-type joint. Of course, any desired number of such intenmediate fittings may interconnect the handle portion and the tool head.
Brief Description of the Drawin~
The features of this invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention may be best understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals identify like elements in the several figures and in which:
Fig. 1 is a fragmentary isometric view of first and second members coupled together by a locking knuckle-type joint according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is an exploded fragmentary isometric view of the locking knuckle-type joint of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of one of the first and second members of the locking knuckle-type joint of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 iS sectional view of the locking knuckle-type joint taken along the lines 4--4 of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a fragmentary elevational sectional view taken along the lines 5--5 of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 3, but depicting an alternative embodiment of the locking knuckle-type joint;
Fig. 7 iS a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 4 of the alternative embodiment of the locking knuckle-type joint depicted in Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 5 of the locking knuckle-type joint of Fig. 6;
Fig. 9 is an isometric view of a tool-gripping apparatus embodying the locking knuckle-type joint of Fig. 1;
Fig. 10 is an exploded isometric view of the tool-gripping apparatus of Fig. 9;
Fig. 11 is a plan view of a modular tool embodyingthe locking knuckle-type joint of Fig. 1;
Fig. 12 is a fragmentary elevational view of the modular tool of Fig. 11, taken along the lines 12--12 of Fig. 11;
Fig. 13 is a fragmentary plan view of a variant of the modular tool of Fig. 11 including an expander/reducer fitting; and Fig. 14. iS an fragmentary plan view of another variant of the modular tool of Fig. 11 including an extender fitting.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment~
Referring initially to Fig. 1, a locking knuckle-type joint 20 according to the present invention pivotably interconnects first and second members 22, 24. The first and second members 22, 24 are independently movable at least along an axis 26 inter~ecting the joint 20 at a center point 28 (shown only in Fig. 2) thereof, and are pivotable at least about the axis 26 between selected, discrete, locked positions as indicated by the arrow 30 in Fig. 1. To illustrate the locked positions or angular orientations of the first member 22 relative to the first member 22, a replica 32 of the second member 24 is shown in phantom lines in Fig. 1. Of course, any desired number of such locked positions may be provided in accordance with the present invention.
Referring now to Fig. 2, the joint 20 includes first and second complementary interlockable faces 34, 36 on the first and second members 22, 24, respectively, and a respective plurality of mating teeth 38 on each of the first and second faces 34, 36.
Each tooth 38 has a peak edge 40 extending substantially radially from the center point 28, and each pair of adjacent teeth 38 defines a valley edge 46 extending substantially radially from the center point - 28 between the adjacent teeth 38 such that each tooth 38 is bounded by a pair of adjacent valley edges 46.
As shown by Figs. 1 and 2 together, the first and second faces 34, 36 are oppositely disposed at the joint 20 and are adapted for substantially mating contact with one another such that the teeth 38 of the first and second faces 34, 36, including the respective peak edges 40 and opposite valley edges 46, are 2 1 6 8 ~ 3 7 28429/32247 substantially matingly interlocked with one another as best shown in Fig. 1. As a result, the joint 20 does not suffer from the disadvantages described above in connection with prior-art knuckle-type joints.
The joint 20 also includes a screw 54 or any other suitable means for adjusting the distance along the axis 26 between the oppositely disposed first and second complementary, interlockable faces 34, 36 on the first and second members 22, 24. The adjusting means has first and second states corresponding, for example, to loose and tight in the case of the screw 54. When the adjusting means is in the first state thereof, the first and second members 22, 24 are freely and independently pivotable about the axis 26. When the adjusting means is in the second state thereof, the first and second members 22, 24 are locked into one of the plurality of angular orientations relative to one another, and the first and second faces 34, 36 are disposed in substantially mating contact with one another in the selected locked positions. Where the adjusting means is a screw 54, the adjusting means is in the first state when the screw is sufficiently loose to enable the first and second members 22, 24 to rotate freely and independently about the axis 26 with respect to one another and in the second state when the screw 54 is sufficiently tight to hold the first and second members 22, 24 together such that they cannot pivot about the axis 26 with respect to one another.
AS shown in Fig. 2, the screw 54 extends through a first hole 56 defined by the first member 22 and is 2 1 6 8 ~ 3 7 28429/32247 threadedly received by a second hole 58 defined by the second member 24. Alternatively, the adjusting means may include any other means for releasably holding the first and second members 22, 24 together with the first and second faces 34, 36 disposed in substantially mating contact with one another so that the teeth 38 thereof are substantially matingly interlocked. For example, a clamp (not shown) may be used for releasably holding the first and second members 22, 24 together.
Each tooth 38 of the joint 20 has a pair of slanting surfaces 60, 62, each of which is bounded between a respective one of the valley edges 46 and a respective one of the peak edges 40. The respective slanting surfaces 60, 62 of a tooth 38 intersect along and define the respective peak edges 40. Together, the surfaces 60, 62 of all of the teeth 38 of each face 34 or 36 preferably substantially completely define that face.
Referring now to Figs. 1-5, in one embodiment of the joint 20, each face 34, 36 may include any desired number N of teeth 38, and each tooth 38 subtends an angle ~ substantially equal to 3N degrees (Fig. 3).
The surfaces 60, 62 of each tooth 38 are disposed at an angle ~ with respect to one another ~ Fig . 5), and an acute angle ~ is defined between the axis 26 and each of the peak edges 40 and each of the valley edges 46 (Fig. 4). The angle ~ is related to the angles ~ and 2 1 6 ~ ~ 3 7 28429/32247 substantially according to the following equation:
tan(~) = 90 - arccos 4 degrees. Thus, for example, tan(2) if it is desired that a joint have N=24 teeth 38 (such that ~=15), and that the teeth 38 have surfaces 60, 62 disposed at an angle ~=90, then the peak edges 40 and the valley edges 46 must define an angle ~
approximately equal to 8615' with the joint axis 26.
Referring now to Figs. 6-8, a variant embodiment of the above-described locking knuckle-type joint 20 will now be described. The only difference between this embodiment and the previously described embodiment is that, as shown in Figs. 6-8, the peak edges of the teeth 38 are fully, or at least partially, removed so that each tooth 38 has a flat surface 64 between the surfaces 60, 62. Consequently, while the surfaces 60, 62 of each tooth 3 8 are defined by a peak edge that extends substantially radially from the center point 28 of the joint 20 in this embodiment, the flattening of the teeth may eliminate their peak edges in whole or in part. As shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the removal of the peak edges from the teeth 38 of each mating face 34, 36 creates a void 66 between each flat surface 64 and the corresponding mating valley of the opposing face. Of course, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that if too much of the peak of each tooth 38 iS
removed, the faces 34, 36 of the first and second members 22, 24 will not mate properly, and the holding power of the joint 20 of the present invention will be compromised or lost. Generally, if less than half of each tooth 38 is removed, the faces 34, 36 of the first and second members 22, 24 will mate properly, but the holding power of the joint 20 varies directly with the amount of surface contact between the mating faces 34, 36.
It should be noted that the first and second toothed faces 34, 36 are shown to be integral with the first and second members 22, 24, but they can also be separate, toothed members suitably secured to the first and second members 22, 24.
In addition, at least one of the first and second members 22, 24 preferably is composed of a metal and, more particularly, a conductive metal. Further, the teeth 38 of the conductive metal member 22 or 24 preferably are formed by electrical discharge marh;n;ng. Alternatively, however, one or both of the first and second members 22, 24 may be composed of plastic or any other suitable material, if desired.
Referring now to Figs. 9 and 10, a tool-gripping apparatus 70 embodying the locking knuckle-type joint 20 of the present invention is now described in detail.
A polishing, cutting, or grinding stone or other tool 72 is often used in ma~hin;ng metal, such as in producing dies for molding plastic parts. Because these tools 72 are typically quite small, it is often difficult for users of these tools 72 to hold them securely while applying sufficient force to polish, cut, grind, or otherwise treat the object (not shown) being tooled. Accordingly, the present tool-gripping . - 14 - PATENT APP~ICATION
- 2 1 6 ~ 5 3 7 28429/32247 apparatus 70 iS provided to facilitate a user's gripping of the tool 72.
The tool-gripping apparatus 70 includes a pair of oppositely disposed gripper jaw portions 74, 76 coupled together by a pair of tightening screws 78, 80. The jaw portions 74, 76 together define a jaw 82 which securely grips the tool 72. The size of the jaw 82 iS
adjusted by turning the screws 78, 80, So that a tool 72 of any shape and size can be accommodated between the jaw portions 74, 76. The jaw portions 74, 76 are tightened to securely grip the stone or tool using the screws 78, 80. Of course, screws 78, 80 of any desired length may be provided to permit an arbitrarily large tool 72 to be held within the jaw 82.
Handles 84, 86 are secured to the first and second jaw portions 74, 76, respectively. The handles 84, 86 permit a user of the tool-gripping apparatus 70 to comfortably grip, manipulate, and apply pressure to the stone or tool 72 while keeping his hands clear of the 20 working area. In fact, to provide m~;ml-m convenience and comfort for the tool worker, each handle 84 and 86 is adjustable and interchangeable.
For adjustability, each handle 84, 86 iS provided with one or more locking knuckle-type joints 88, 89, 90 of the present invention as described above. The knuckle-type joints 88, 89, 90 permit a wide range of adjustment of each of the handles 84, 86. Notably, the handle 84 is coupled to a fitting portion 92 by one knuckle-type joint 88, and the fitting portion 92, in turn, is coupled to the gripper jaw portion 74 by - 216~537 another knuckle-type joint 89. This arrangement permits the handle 84 to be rotated about the tool 72 in three ~;m~n~ions so that the handle 84 can be locked in a wide range of different positions, depending upon the needs of the user of the gripping tool 70 in any desired application thereof. Of course, a tool-gripping apparatus 70 that is to be dedicated only to one particular application may be constructed with stationary handles (i.e. without the knuckle-type joints 88-90), if desired.
With regard to interchangeability, each handle 84, 86 can be removed and replaced by a handle of a different size or shape as desired. Of course, any type of handle may be used in place of the generally ovate handles 84, 86 shown in Figs. 9 and 10. In addition, at least one of the handles (e.g., the handle 84) can be replaced by a shank 94 (as shown in Fig. 10) so that the tool-gripping apparatus 70 can be used in conjunction with a power reciprocating tool (not shown) for automatically reciprocating the polishing stone or other tool 72 with respect to a workpiece (not shown).
The interchangeability of the handles 84, 86 can be achieved by disconnecting the handles 84, 86 at their respective knuckle-type joints and substituting other desired handles. Alternatively, the handles 84, 86 are provided with threaded connecting screws 95 by which the handles 84, 86 can be unscrewed to permit replacement thereof.
Finally, to facilitate the convenient application of polishing or lubricating fluid, a flexible hose 96 ~ 2 1 6 8 5 3 7 28429/32247 is secured to one of the gripper jaw portions 74 or 76 by any conventional means. A fluid reservoir or squeeze bottle (not shown) is connected to the end of the hose 96 remote from the tool-gripping apparatus 70 so that a user can easily add polishing fluid or lubricant directly to the working area, such as by squeezing the squeeze bottle or opening a valve to permit fluid in the fluid reservoir to flow through the hose 96 to the working area.
Referring now to Figs. 11-14, a modular tool 100 embodying the locking knuckle-type joint 20 of the present invention is now described in detail.
The modular tool 100 includes a tool head 102 and a handle 104 coupled to the tool head 102 either directly via a locking knuckle-type joint or indirectly via one or more fittings which may be interconnected by locking knuckle-type joints. For example, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12, the tool head 102 is coupled to a fitting 106 by a locking knuckle-type joint 108 of the type described herein. In turn, the fitting 106 is coupled to another fitting 110 by a second locking knuckle-type joint 112 which is coupled to the handle 104 by a third locking-knuckle type joint 114.
The fittings 106, 110 may be one of two types.
The fittings 106, 110 shown in Figs. 11, 12, and 14 are extenders which are designed simply to connect two other members with knuckle-type joints of equal size.
Alternatively, a fitting may be an expander/reducer, such as the fitting 116 (shown in Fig. 13) which is designed to connect a handle (or a fitting) 118 having a knuckle-type joint 120 of one size with a tool head (or another fitting) 122 having a knuckle-type joint 124 of a different size, whether smaller, in the case of a reducer (shown in Fig. 13), or larger, in the case of an expander (not shown).
As illustrated by Figs. 11-14, the tool head 102 of the modular tool 100 may be virtually any type of torque- or force-applying tool. Possible tool heads 102 include, for example, open-end wrenches (Figs. 11-13), box-end wrenches (Fig. 14), crescent wrenches, pipe wrenches, pliers, shears, pry bars, and h~mm~r among others.
The foregoing description is for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the best mode of carrying out the invention and is to be construed as illustrative only. Numerous modifications and alternative embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of this description. The details of the disclosed structure may be varied substantially without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the exclusive use of all modifications within the scope of the appended claims is reserved.
Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 3, but depicting an alternative embodiment of the locking knuckle-type joint;
Fig. 7 iS a fragmentary view similar to Fig. 4 of the alternative embodiment of the locking knuckle-type joint depicted in Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 5 of the locking knuckle-type joint of Fig. 6;
Fig. 9 is an isometric view of a tool-gripping apparatus embodying the locking knuckle-type joint of Fig. 1;
Fig. 10 is an exploded isometric view of the tool-gripping apparatus of Fig. 9;
Fig. 11 is a plan view of a modular tool embodyingthe locking knuckle-type joint of Fig. 1;
Fig. 12 is a fragmentary elevational view of the modular tool of Fig. 11, taken along the lines 12--12 of Fig. 11;
Fig. 13 is a fragmentary plan view of a variant of the modular tool of Fig. 11 including an expander/reducer fitting; and Fig. 14. iS an fragmentary plan view of another variant of the modular tool of Fig. 11 including an extender fitting.
Description of the Preferred Embodiment~
Referring initially to Fig. 1, a locking knuckle-type joint 20 according to the present invention pivotably interconnects first and second members 22, 24. The first and second members 22, 24 are independently movable at least along an axis 26 inter~ecting the joint 20 at a center point 28 (shown only in Fig. 2) thereof, and are pivotable at least about the axis 26 between selected, discrete, locked positions as indicated by the arrow 30 in Fig. 1. To illustrate the locked positions or angular orientations of the first member 22 relative to the first member 22, a replica 32 of the second member 24 is shown in phantom lines in Fig. 1. Of course, any desired number of such locked positions may be provided in accordance with the present invention.
Referring now to Fig. 2, the joint 20 includes first and second complementary interlockable faces 34, 36 on the first and second members 22, 24, respectively, and a respective plurality of mating teeth 38 on each of the first and second faces 34, 36.
Each tooth 38 has a peak edge 40 extending substantially radially from the center point 28, and each pair of adjacent teeth 38 defines a valley edge 46 extending substantially radially from the center point - 28 between the adjacent teeth 38 such that each tooth 38 is bounded by a pair of adjacent valley edges 46.
As shown by Figs. 1 and 2 together, the first and second faces 34, 36 are oppositely disposed at the joint 20 and are adapted for substantially mating contact with one another such that the teeth 38 of the first and second faces 34, 36, including the respective peak edges 40 and opposite valley edges 46, are 2 1 6 8 ~ 3 7 28429/32247 substantially matingly interlocked with one another as best shown in Fig. 1. As a result, the joint 20 does not suffer from the disadvantages described above in connection with prior-art knuckle-type joints.
The joint 20 also includes a screw 54 or any other suitable means for adjusting the distance along the axis 26 between the oppositely disposed first and second complementary, interlockable faces 34, 36 on the first and second members 22, 24. The adjusting means has first and second states corresponding, for example, to loose and tight in the case of the screw 54. When the adjusting means is in the first state thereof, the first and second members 22, 24 are freely and independently pivotable about the axis 26. When the adjusting means is in the second state thereof, the first and second members 22, 24 are locked into one of the plurality of angular orientations relative to one another, and the first and second faces 34, 36 are disposed in substantially mating contact with one another in the selected locked positions. Where the adjusting means is a screw 54, the adjusting means is in the first state when the screw is sufficiently loose to enable the first and second members 22, 24 to rotate freely and independently about the axis 26 with respect to one another and in the second state when the screw 54 is sufficiently tight to hold the first and second members 22, 24 together such that they cannot pivot about the axis 26 with respect to one another.
AS shown in Fig. 2, the screw 54 extends through a first hole 56 defined by the first member 22 and is 2 1 6 8 ~ 3 7 28429/32247 threadedly received by a second hole 58 defined by the second member 24. Alternatively, the adjusting means may include any other means for releasably holding the first and second members 22, 24 together with the first and second faces 34, 36 disposed in substantially mating contact with one another so that the teeth 38 thereof are substantially matingly interlocked. For example, a clamp (not shown) may be used for releasably holding the first and second members 22, 24 together.
Each tooth 38 of the joint 20 has a pair of slanting surfaces 60, 62, each of which is bounded between a respective one of the valley edges 46 and a respective one of the peak edges 40. The respective slanting surfaces 60, 62 of a tooth 38 intersect along and define the respective peak edges 40. Together, the surfaces 60, 62 of all of the teeth 38 of each face 34 or 36 preferably substantially completely define that face.
Referring now to Figs. 1-5, in one embodiment of the joint 20, each face 34, 36 may include any desired number N of teeth 38, and each tooth 38 subtends an angle ~ substantially equal to 3N degrees (Fig. 3).
The surfaces 60, 62 of each tooth 38 are disposed at an angle ~ with respect to one another ~ Fig . 5), and an acute angle ~ is defined between the axis 26 and each of the peak edges 40 and each of the valley edges 46 (Fig. 4). The angle ~ is related to the angles ~ and 2 1 6 ~ ~ 3 7 28429/32247 substantially according to the following equation:
tan(~) = 90 - arccos 4 degrees. Thus, for example, tan(2) if it is desired that a joint have N=24 teeth 38 (such that ~=15), and that the teeth 38 have surfaces 60, 62 disposed at an angle ~=90, then the peak edges 40 and the valley edges 46 must define an angle ~
approximately equal to 8615' with the joint axis 26.
Referring now to Figs. 6-8, a variant embodiment of the above-described locking knuckle-type joint 20 will now be described. The only difference between this embodiment and the previously described embodiment is that, as shown in Figs. 6-8, the peak edges of the teeth 38 are fully, or at least partially, removed so that each tooth 38 has a flat surface 64 between the surfaces 60, 62. Consequently, while the surfaces 60, 62 of each tooth 3 8 are defined by a peak edge that extends substantially radially from the center point 28 of the joint 20 in this embodiment, the flattening of the teeth may eliminate their peak edges in whole or in part. As shown in Figs. 7 and 8, the removal of the peak edges from the teeth 38 of each mating face 34, 36 creates a void 66 between each flat surface 64 and the corresponding mating valley of the opposing face. Of course, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that if too much of the peak of each tooth 38 iS
removed, the faces 34, 36 of the first and second members 22, 24 will not mate properly, and the holding power of the joint 20 of the present invention will be compromised or lost. Generally, if less than half of each tooth 38 is removed, the faces 34, 36 of the first and second members 22, 24 will mate properly, but the holding power of the joint 20 varies directly with the amount of surface contact between the mating faces 34, 36.
It should be noted that the first and second toothed faces 34, 36 are shown to be integral with the first and second members 22, 24, but they can also be separate, toothed members suitably secured to the first and second members 22, 24.
In addition, at least one of the first and second members 22, 24 preferably is composed of a metal and, more particularly, a conductive metal. Further, the teeth 38 of the conductive metal member 22 or 24 preferably are formed by electrical discharge marh;n;ng. Alternatively, however, one or both of the first and second members 22, 24 may be composed of plastic or any other suitable material, if desired.
Referring now to Figs. 9 and 10, a tool-gripping apparatus 70 embodying the locking knuckle-type joint 20 of the present invention is now described in detail.
A polishing, cutting, or grinding stone or other tool 72 is often used in ma~hin;ng metal, such as in producing dies for molding plastic parts. Because these tools 72 are typically quite small, it is often difficult for users of these tools 72 to hold them securely while applying sufficient force to polish, cut, grind, or otherwise treat the object (not shown) being tooled. Accordingly, the present tool-gripping . - 14 - PATENT APP~ICATION
- 2 1 6 ~ 5 3 7 28429/32247 apparatus 70 iS provided to facilitate a user's gripping of the tool 72.
The tool-gripping apparatus 70 includes a pair of oppositely disposed gripper jaw portions 74, 76 coupled together by a pair of tightening screws 78, 80. The jaw portions 74, 76 together define a jaw 82 which securely grips the tool 72. The size of the jaw 82 iS
adjusted by turning the screws 78, 80, So that a tool 72 of any shape and size can be accommodated between the jaw portions 74, 76. The jaw portions 74, 76 are tightened to securely grip the stone or tool using the screws 78, 80. Of course, screws 78, 80 of any desired length may be provided to permit an arbitrarily large tool 72 to be held within the jaw 82.
Handles 84, 86 are secured to the first and second jaw portions 74, 76, respectively. The handles 84, 86 permit a user of the tool-gripping apparatus 70 to comfortably grip, manipulate, and apply pressure to the stone or tool 72 while keeping his hands clear of the 20 working area. In fact, to provide m~;ml-m convenience and comfort for the tool worker, each handle 84 and 86 is adjustable and interchangeable.
For adjustability, each handle 84, 86 iS provided with one or more locking knuckle-type joints 88, 89, 90 of the present invention as described above. The knuckle-type joints 88, 89, 90 permit a wide range of adjustment of each of the handles 84, 86. Notably, the handle 84 is coupled to a fitting portion 92 by one knuckle-type joint 88, and the fitting portion 92, in turn, is coupled to the gripper jaw portion 74 by - 216~537 another knuckle-type joint 89. This arrangement permits the handle 84 to be rotated about the tool 72 in three ~;m~n~ions so that the handle 84 can be locked in a wide range of different positions, depending upon the needs of the user of the gripping tool 70 in any desired application thereof. Of course, a tool-gripping apparatus 70 that is to be dedicated only to one particular application may be constructed with stationary handles (i.e. without the knuckle-type joints 88-90), if desired.
With regard to interchangeability, each handle 84, 86 can be removed and replaced by a handle of a different size or shape as desired. Of course, any type of handle may be used in place of the generally ovate handles 84, 86 shown in Figs. 9 and 10. In addition, at least one of the handles (e.g., the handle 84) can be replaced by a shank 94 (as shown in Fig. 10) so that the tool-gripping apparatus 70 can be used in conjunction with a power reciprocating tool (not shown) for automatically reciprocating the polishing stone or other tool 72 with respect to a workpiece (not shown).
The interchangeability of the handles 84, 86 can be achieved by disconnecting the handles 84, 86 at their respective knuckle-type joints and substituting other desired handles. Alternatively, the handles 84, 86 are provided with threaded connecting screws 95 by which the handles 84, 86 can be unscrewed to permit replacement thereof.
Finally, to facilitate the convenient application of polishing or lubricating fluid, a flexible hose 96 ~ 2 1 6 8 5 3 7 28429/32247 is secured to one of the gripper jaw portions 74 or 76 by any conventional means. A fluid reservoir or squeeze bottle (not shown) is connected to the end of the hose 96 remote from the tool-gripping apparatus 70 so that a user can easily add polishing fluid or lubricant directly to the working area, such as by squeezing the squeeze bottle or opening a valve to permit fluid in the fluid reservoir to flow through the hose 96 to the working area.
Referring now to Figs. 11-14, a modular tool 100 embodying the locking knuckle-type joint 20 of the present invention is now described in detail.
The modular tool 100 includes a tool head 102 and a handle 104 coupled to the tool head 102 either directly via a locking knuckle-type joint or indirectly via one or more fittings which may be interconnected by locking knuckle-type joints. For example, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12, the tool head 102 is coupled to a fitting 106 by a locking knuckle-type joint 108 of the type described herein. In turn, the fitting 106 is coupled to another fitting 110 by a second locking knuckle-type joint 112 which is coupled to the handle 104 by a third locking-knuckle type joint 114.
The fittings 106, 110 may be one of two types.
The fittings 106, 110 shown in Figs. 11, 12, and 14 are extenders which are designed simply to connect two other members with knuckle-type joints of equal size.
Alternatively, a fitting may be an expander/reducer, such as the fitting 116 (shown in Fig. 13) which is designed to connect a handle (or a fitting) 118 having a knuckle-type joint 120 of one size with a tool head (or another fitting) 122 having a knuckle-type joint 124 of a different size, whether smaller, in the case of a reducer (shown in Fig. 13), or larger, in the case of an expander (not shown).
As illustrated by Figs. 11-14, the tool head 102 of the modular tool 100 may be virtually any type of torque- or force-applying tool. Possible tool heads 102 include, for example, open-end wrenches (Figs. 11-13), box-end wrenches (Fig. 14), crescent wrenches, pipe wrenches, pliers, shears, pry bars, and h~mm~r among others.
The foregoing description is for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the best mode of carrying out the invention and is to be construed as illustrative only. Numerous modifications and alternative embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of this description. The details of the disclosed structure may be varied substantially without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the exclusive use of all modifications within the scope of the appended claims is reserved.
Claims (27)
1. A locking knuckle-type joint for pivotably interconnecting first and second members that are movable at least along an axis intersecting the joint at a center point thereof, and pivotable at least about the axis between selected locked positions, the joint comprising:
first and second complementary, interlockable faces on the first and second members, respectively;
a respective plurality of mating teeth on each of the first and second faces, wherein each tooth has a peak edge extending substantially radially substantially from the center point, and each pair of adjacent teeth defines a valley edge extending substantially radially substantially from the center point between the adjacent teeth such that each tooth is bounded by a pair of adjacent valley edges, and wherein the first and second faces are oppositely disposed at the joint and are adapted for mating contact with one another such that the teeth of the first and second faces are substantially matingly interlocked with one another; and adjusting means having first and second states for adjusting the distance along the axis between the oppositely disposed first and second complementary, interlockable faces on the first and second members;
wherein the first and second members are freely and independently pivotable about the axis when the adjusting means is in the first state; and wherein the first and second members are locked into one of a plurality of angular orientations relative to one another and the first and second faces are disposed in substantially mating contact with one another in the selected locked positions when the adjusting means is in the second state.
first and second complementary, interlockable faces on the first and second members, respectively;
a respective plurality of mating teeth on each of the first and second faces, wherein each tooth has a peak edge extending substantially radially substantially from the center point, and each pair of adjacent teeth defines a valley edge extending substantially radially substantially from the center point between the adjacent teeth such that each tooth is bounded by a pair of adjacent valley edges, and wherein the first and second faces are oppositely disposed at the joint and are adapted for mating contact with one another such that the teeth of the first and second faces are substantially matingly interlocked with one another; and adjusting means having first and second states for adjusting the distance along the axis between the oppositely disposed first and second complementary, interlockable faces on the first and second members;
wherein the first and second members are freely and independently pivotable about the axis when the adjusting means is in the first state; and wherein the first and second members are locked into one of a plurality of angular orientations relative to one another and the first and second faces are disposed in substantially mating contact with one another in the selected locked positions when the adjusting means is in the second state.
2. The joint of claim 1, wherein each tooth has a pair of surfaces, each of which is bounded between a respective one of the valley edges bounding the tooth and the peak edge of the tooth, wherein the surfaces of the teeth of each of the first and second faces together substantially completely define the first and second faces.
3. The joint of claim 2, including N teeth, wherein each tooth subtends a first angle .theta.
substantially equal to , and wherein the surfaces of each tooth are disposed at a second angle .alpha. with respect to one another, and wherein a third, acute angle .PHI. is defined between the axis and each of the peak edges and each of the valley edges, wherein the angles .PHI. and .alpha. are related substantially according to the following equation: .PHI. = 90 - arccos .
substantially equal to , and wherein the surfaces of each tooth are disposed at a second angle .alpha. with respect to one another, and wherein a third, acute angle .PHI. is defined between the axis and each of the peak edges and each of the valley edges, wherein the angles .PHI. and .alpha. are related substantially according to the following equation: .PHI. = 90 - arccos .
4. The joint of claim 1, wherein each pair of adjacent valley edges defines a first angle, and wherein all of the first angles defined by pairs of adjacent valley edges are substantially equal to one another.
5. The joint of claim 4, wherein all of the first angles defined by pairs of adjacent valley edges are substantially equal to fifteen degrees.
6. The joint of claim 5, wherein each of the first and second faces includes twenty-four teeth.
7. The joint of claim 1, wherein a second, acute angle is defined between the axis and each of the peak edges and each of the valley edges.
8. The joint of claim 7, wherein all of the second angles are substantially equal to one another.
9. The joint of claim 8, wherein all of the second angles are substantially equal to 86°15'.
10. The joint of claim 1, wherein the adjusting means includes means for releasably holding the first and second members together with the first and second faces disposed substantially in mating contact with one another so that the teeth thereof are substantially interlocked.
11. The joint of claim 10, wherein the holding means includes a screw.
12. The joint of claim 10, wherein the holding means includes a screw extending through a first hole defined by the first member and threadedly received by a second hole defined by the second member.
13. The joint of claim 10, wherein the adjusting means is in the second state when the screw is sufficiently tight to hold the first and second members together such that the first and second members cannot pivot with respect to one another and in the first state when the screw is sufficiently loose to enable the first and second members to rotate freely and independently about the axis.
14. The joint of claim 1, wherein the teeth of the first and second faces are integral with the first and second members, respectively.
15. The joint of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second members is composed of a metal.
16. The joint of claim 15, wherein at least one of the first and second members is composed of a conductive metal.
17. The joint of claim 15, wherein at least one of the first and second members is composed of a conductive metal and the teeth thereof are formed by electrical discharge machining.
18. The joint of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second members is composed of plastic.
19. A locking knuckle-type joint for pivotably interconnecting first and second members that are movable at least along an axis intersecting the joint at a center point thereof, and pivotable at least about the axis between selected locked positions, the joint comprising:
first and second complementary, interlockable faces on the first and second members, respectively;
a respective plurality of mating teeth on each of the first and second faces, wherein each tooth has a peak edge extending substantially radially substantially from the center point, and each pair of adjacent teeth defines a valley edge extending substantially radially substantially from the center point between the adjacent teeth such that each tooth is bounded by a pair of adjacent valley edges, and wherein the first and second faces are oppositely disposed at the joint and are adapted for mating contact with one another such that the teeth of the first and second faces are substantially matingly interlocked with one another; and means for releasably locking the first and second members with the respective faces matingly interlocked.
first and second complementary, interlockable faces on the first and second members, respectively;
a respective plurality of mating teeth on each of the first and second faces, wherein each tooth has a peak edge extending substantially radially substantially from the center point, and each pair of adjacent teeth defines a valley edge extending substantially radially substantially from the center point between the adjacent teeth such that each tooth is bounded by a pair of adjacent valley edges, and wherein the first and second faces are oppositely disposed at the joint and are adapted for mating contact with one another such that the teeth of the first and second faces are substantially matingly interlocked with one another; and means for releasably locking the first and second members with the respective faces matingly interlocked.
20. In combination with the locking knuckle-type joint of claim 1, an apparatus for gripping a tool, the apparatus comprising:
a pair of gripper jaw portions coupled together by a pair of tightening screws, wherein the jaw portions together define a variable-gauge jaw adapted for securely gripping a tool; and at least one fitting coupled to one of the first and second jaw portions via a first locking knuckle-type joint, such that the fitting and the jaw portion to which the fitting is coupled are the first and second members, respectively, of the first joint.
a pair of gripper jaw portions coupled together by a pair of tightening screws, wherein the jaw portions together define a variable-gauge jaw adapted for securely gripping a tool; and at least one fitting coupled to one of the first and second jaw portions via a first locking knuckle-type joint, such that the fitting and the jaw portion to which the fitting is coupled are the first and second members, respectively, of the first joint.
21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein at least one fitting comprises a handle.
22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein at least one fitting includes means for receiving a handle.
23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein at least one fitting comprises at least two fitting portions coupled together via a second locking knuckle-type joint, such that the two fitting portions are the first and second members, respectively, of the second locking knuckle-type joint.
24. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein at least one fitting includes means for receiving a shank enabling the apparatus to be used with a power reciprocating tool.
25. An apparatus for gripping a tool, comprising:
a pair of gripper jaw portions coupled together by a pair of tightening screws, wherein the jaw portions together define a variable-gauge jaw adapted for securely gripping a tool; and a pair of handles, one coupled to each of the first and second jaw portions.
a pair of gripper jaw portions coupled together by a pair of tightening screws, wherein the jaw portions together define a variable-gauge jaw adapted for securely gripping a tool; and a pair of handles, one coupled to each of the first and second jaw portions.
26. In combination with the locking knuckle-type joint of claim 1, a modular tool comprising:
a tool head; and a handle coupled to the tool head via a first locking knuckle-type joint, such that the tool head and the handle are the first and second members, respectively, of the first locking knuckle-type joint.
a tool head; and a handle coupled to the tool head via a first locking knuckle-type joint, such that the tool head and the handle are the first and second members, respectively, of the first locking knuckle-type joint.
27. The modular tool of claim 26, wherein the handle includes a handle portion and a fitting, coupled together via a second locking knuckle-type joint, such that the handle portion and the fitting are the first and second members, respectively, of the second locking knuckle-type joint, and wherein the tool head and the fitting are the first and second members, respectively, of the first locking knuckle-type joint.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US40334595A | 1995-03-14 | 1995-03-14 | |
| US08/403,345 | 1995-03-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2168537A1 true CA2168537A1 (en) | 1996-09-15 |
Family
ID=23595443
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2168537 Abandoned CA2168537A1 (en) | 1995-03-14 | 1996-01-31 | Locking knuckle-type joint and apparatus employing same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2168537A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104369154A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-02-25 | 国家电网公司 | Hardware fitting bolt ground potential bolt installation tool |
| CN104377589A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-02-25 | 国家电网公司 | Fitting bolt ground potential assembling and disassembling method |
| CN105484934A (en) * | 2016-02-14 | 2016-04-13 | 河海大学 | On-sea floating-type wind power generation platform capable of collecting wave energy and gathering group |
-
1996
- 1996-01-31 CA CA 2168537 patent/CA2168537A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104369154A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-02-25 | 国家电网公司 | Hardware fitting bolt ground potential bolt installation tool |
| CN104377589A (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2015-02-25 | 国家电网公司 | Fitting bolt ground potential assembling and disassembling method |
| CN104377589B (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2017-06-20 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of metal bolt ground potential handling method |
| CN105484934A (en) * | 2016-02-14 | 2016-04-13 | 河海大学 | On-sea floating-type wind power generation platform capable of collecting wave energy and gathering group |
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