CA2165636A1 - Method for separating frangible material from malleable material - Google Patents
Method for separating frangible material from malleable materialInfo
- Publication number
- CA2165636A1 CA2165636A1 CA002165636A CA2165636A CA2165636A1 CA 2165636 A1 CA2165636 A1 CA 2165636A1 CA 002165636 A CA002165636 A CA 002165636A CA 2165636 A CA2165636 A CA 2165636A CA 2165636 A1 CA2165636 A1 CA 2165636A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- frangible
- malleable
- particles
- materials
- waste
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
- B02C18/0092—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage for waste water or for garbage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
A conveyor transports waste light bulbs or other objects made of frangible and malleable materials into a crushing apparatus which has a pair of closely spaced rotating rolls which are smooth or aggressively contoured which apply compressive force to crush waste which passes therebetween. The frangible material such as glass which is included in the waste is crushed into very small fine particles, while the malleable material such as lead is flattened out or elongated into larger particles.
After passing through the crushing apparatus, the entire stream of material is screened to separate the smaller frangible material particles from the larger malleable material particles.
After passing through the crushing apparatus, the entire stream of material is screened to separate the smaller frangible material particles from the larger malleable material particles.
Description
211~6~6 PATENT APPLICATION
TITLE
METHOD FOR SEPARATING FRANGIBLE MATERIAL FROM
MALLEABLE MATERIAL
FIEI n OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to recycling apparatus and methods in general, and to apparatus and methods for separating frangible materials from malleable materials in particular.
- BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
With decreasing capabilities in existing landfills, the unavailability of additional landfill sites, the increasing costs of landfill operation and the enactment of environmental laws making recycling desirable and even mandatory, many waste management companies and municipalities have installed waste processing systems which separate the components of waste for subsequent processing such as recycling. Currently, waste management companies and municipalities sort the waste into recyclable and non-recyclable goods. Because of these waste disposal problems, there are added pressures on municipalities and waste management companies to recycle all possible materials that they can.
Efficient resource recovery depends upon separating the maximum amount of desirable material from the refuse using relatively few separating components. Certain commonly recyclable materials, such as glass, have been u,nrecoverable from products which closely associate non-ferrous metals, such as lead, with the glass. Because lead under certain conditions may be treated as a hazardous waste, it is particularly desireable to reduce the overall weight and volume of disposed waste which contains any amount of lead.
- 216~636 It was common in early waste processing systems to merely shred the waste in hammer mills or other comminuting devices. The refuse - was shredded or pulverized making it virtually useless for recycling. It isdesirable to minimize the degree of shredding which occurs prior to separation. Therefore it is desirable to provide a method in which items made of different materials can be processed to separate out the non-recyclable materials from the recyclable materials. These include items made of frangible and malleable materials that are the subject of the present invention.
What is needed is an apparatus for separating frangible materials such as glass and certain plastics from metal.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The apparatus and method of this invention effectively and efficiently separate a frangible material, such as glass of a light bulb, from malleable materials such as lead The method of the present invention accomplishes this by crushing the frangible material into small fine particles and flattening and elongating the malleable material into larger particles. The small frangible particles can then be separated from the larger malleable particles on the basis of size by a screening device in preparation for recycling.
Frangible material such as glass is more brittle than malleable material such as lead or other metals, and the crushing process which compresses and fle,xes the material as it passes through the nip of opposed rollers breaks the glass, reducing it to fines, which pass through the screen. On the other hand, the malleable material is merely flattened and elongated making it unable to pass through the screen.
2165~36 ~ EF089581 556US
It is a feature of the present invention to provide a method in which objects made of both frangible and malleable materials may be recycled by separating the frangible material from the malleable material.
It is another feature of the present invention to provide a method for crushing and compressing waste containing frangible and malleable materials to produce a size differential in the different materials so that the materials may be effectively distinguished and separated on the basis of size in preparation for recycling.
It is a further feature of the present invention to provide a screening device which is highly efficient in separating small frangible particles such as crushed glass from larger malleable particles such as compressed metal and which experiences minimal blinding, or clogging, even under undesirable operating conditions.
Further objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The drawing is a simplified schematic view illustrating the method of this invention for separating frangible materials such as glass of light bulbs from malleable materials such as the lead ends of light bulbs.
DESCR!PTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring more particularly to the drawing, wherein like numbers refer to similar parts, a waste separation assembly 20 for separating frangible material from malleable material in a recycling process is shown. The assembly employs a conveyor 22 or other distributing device to feed a steady flow of mixed waste containing both frangible and malleable material such as light bulbs 26 to a crushing apparatus 30 2I 6~3~
where the objects are crushed. The crushed material is then separatedby a particle screen 60 into frangible and malleable particles in preparation for recycling. Although expired incandescent light bulbs 26 are illustrated throughout as the subject of the apparatus, other mixed waste containing frangible and malleable materials may also be processed.
Frangible material such as glass is more brittle than metal. When the brittle material passes through the crushing apparatus 30, it is shattered and thereby broken into small grains and fines. Metal, on the other hand, particularly comparatively ductile metals such as lead or copper, is not fractured on passing between the compressive rollers, but is instead flattened out into enlarged narrow waste elements.
Frangible and malleable materials will respond differently to crushing. A light bulb 26 containing both frangible and malleable material, shown in the drawing, is first broken into pieces as it moves through the waste stream. However, these pieces may not be distinguishable on the basis of size, including small dense metal elements, as well as large thin glass shards. Once crushed the glass is broken down into very small glass particles 72 which are distinguishable and may be separated from the possibly environmentally hazardous lead which is flattened or elongated during the crushing process.
As shown in the drawing, the crushing apparatus 30 receives waste material 24,made of both frangible and malleable materials from a conveyor 22 or other distributing device which supplies an even flow of material to the roll couple 32. The roll couple includes rolls 34 and 36, which are disposed in a housing 40 having a top opening 42 through which the mixed waste 24 enters, and a bottom opening 44 through which the crushed material flows from the apparatus. The roll couple 32 has two rolls 34, 36 which are approximately three feet in diameter and 216563~
which rotate toward one another and which are closely spaced from oneanother at a nip 50. The nip is preferably about an eighth of an inch wide. As the rolls 34, 36 rotate toward each other, mixed waste which is deposited on the upper surfaces of the rolls will be advanced to pass through the nip 50.
The crushing apparatus in a preferred embodiment is similar to the DynaYield Chip Conditioner manufactured by Rader Companies of Beloit Corporation. However, although a DynaYield Chip Conditioner employs aggressively contoured rolls, typically having a multitude of pyramidal projections, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,953,795, the rolls 34, 36 preferably are smooth or have a moderately aggressive contoured surface. Furthermore, although cast iron or steel rolls or roll surfaces are employed for wood chip cracking applications, the rolls or roll surfaces of the crushing apparatus 30 are preferably composed of polyurethane.
The crushing apparatus rolls apply compressive force to light bulbs or other objects made of frangible and malleable materials that pass therebetween. The objects are compressed between the roll surfaces, crushing the frangible material and flattening or elongating the malleable material.
The crushing apparatus 30 has electric motors which drive speed reducers by matched V-belts. The speed reducers are connected to the central drive shafts of the rolls 34 and 36. The rolls 34 and 36, together with their bearings and speed reducers, are horizontally adjustable by means of hydraulic actuators (not shown). These control the width of the nip 50 by moving the first roll 34 in spaced parallel relation to the opposed roll 36. The hydraulic actuators also allow the rolls 34, 36 to separate in response to larger foreign objects to decrease the likelihood of damage to the roll surfaces.
216~636 It should be understood that the arrangement shown in the drawing, is merely one example of a suitable arrangement. In some installations, it may be desirable to use two or more roll couples.
The mixed waste stream leaving the crushing apparatus 30 is now comprised of larger particles 74 of malleable material, which have not been broken up by the crushing process, and smaller particles 72 of frangible material which are reduced in size by the crushing process.
The mixed waste is fed to a screening device 60 to separate out the particles on the basis of size.
Any appropriate screening apparatus may be used, for example bar screens, disc screens, vibrating screens, or gyratory-type screens which employ a rotary screen with an eccentric underneath, to cause the oscillation thereof. An exemplary screening device 60 is similar to the wood particle screen disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,037,537. The screening device 60 has a bed of flexible, foraminous material with holes sized to permit only those particles smaller than an acceptable size range to pass through. Crushed mixed waste 68 is introduced through an inlet chute 70 at an inlet end 62 of the screen 60. Small frangible particles 72 pass through a screening bed 80 formed by a foraminous screen 66 and are removed on a frangible material conveyor 76, and those larger particles 78 not passing through the screening bed are ejected from the outlet end 64 of the screening bed and removed on a malleable material conveyor 78.
, . .
A plurality of beater rolls 96 are disposed beneath the flexible screen 66, each including a plurality of spaced beater bars 92, 94 so positioned to cyclically strike the underside of the flexible screen 66.
The beater rolls 96 are driven by a drive mechanism 89. Contact between the beater bars 92, 94 and the foraminous, flexible material of the screening bed causes larger particles to dance along the surface of the screening bed, contacting the surface only briefly before being accelerated away from the bed; while the smaller, lighter materials can quickly pass through the screen.
The assembly 20 thus advantageously makes possible a separation of materials based on their level of malleability, converting the different materials into different sized particles which are easily separated.
It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular construction and arrangement of parts herein illustrated and described, but embraces such modified forms thereof as come within the scope of the following claims.
TITLE
METHOD FOR SEPARATING FRANGIBLE MATERIAL FROM
MALLEABLE MATERIAL
FIEI n OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to recycling apparatus and methods in general, and to apparatus and methods for separating frangible materials from malleable materials in particular.
- BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
With decreasing capabilities in existing landfills, the unavailability of additional landfill sites, the increasing costs of landfill operation and the enactment of environmental laws making recycling desirable and even mandatory, many waste management companies and municipalities have installed waste processing systems which separate the components of waste for subsequent processing such as recycling. Currently, waste management companies and municipalities sort the waste into recyclable and non-recyclable goods. Because of these waste disposal problems, there are added pressures on municipalities and waste management companies to recycle all possible materials that they can.
Efficient resource recovery depends upon separating the maximum amount of desirable material from the refuse using relatively few separating components. Certain commonly recyclable materials, such as glass, have been u,nrecoverable from products which closely associate non-ferrous metals, such as lead, with the glass. Because lead under certain conditions may be treated as a hazardous waste, it is particularly desireable to reduce the overall weight and volume of disposed waste which contains any amount of lead.
- 216~636 It was common in early waste processing systems to merely shred the waste in hammer mills or other comminuting devices. The refuse - was shredded or pulverized making it virtually useless for recycling. It isdesirable to minimize the degree of shredding which occurs prior to separation. Therefore it is desirable to provide a method in which items made of different materials can be processed to separate out the non-recyclable materials from the recyclable materials. These include items made of frangible and malleable materials that are the subject of the present invention.
What is needed is an apparatus for separating frangible materials such as glass and certain plastics from metal.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The apparatus and method of this invention effectively and efficiently separate a frangible material, such as glass of a light bulb, from malleable materials such as lead The method of the present invention accomplishes this by crushing the frangible material into small fine particles and flattening and elongating the malleable material into larger particles. The small frangible particles can then be separated from the larger malleable particles on the basis of size by a screening device in preparation for recycling.
Frangible material such as glass is more brittle than malleable material such as lead or other metals, and the crushing process which compresses and fle,xes the material as it passes through the nip of opposed rollers breaks the glass, reducing it to fines, which pass through the screen. On the other hand, the malleable material is merely flattened and elongated making it unable to pass through the screen.
2165~36 ~ EF089581 556US
It is a feature of the present invention to provide a method in which objects made of both frangible and malleable materials may be recycled by separating the frangible material from the malleable material.
It is another feature of the present invention to provide a method for crushing and compressing waste containing frangible and malleable materials to produce a size differential in the different materials so that the materials may be effectively distinguished and separated on the basis of size in preparation for recycling.
It is a further feature of the present invention to provide a screening device which is highly efficient in separating small frangible particles such as crushed glass from larger malleable particles such as compressed metal and which experiences minimal blinding, or clogging, even under undesirable operating conditions.
Further objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The drawing is a simplified schematic view illustrating the method of this invention for separating frangible materials such as glass of light bulbs from malleable materials such as the lead ends of light bulbs.
DESCR!PTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring more particularly to the drawing, wherein like numbers refer to similar parts, a waste separation assembly 20 for separating frangible material from malleable material in a recycling process is shown. The assembly employs a conveyor 22 or other distributing device to feed a steady flow of mixed waste containing both frangible and malleable material such as light bulbs 26 to a crushing apparatus 30 2I 6~3~
where the objects are crushed. The crushed material is then separatedby a particle screen 60 into frangible and malleable particles in preparation for recycling. Although expired incandescent light bulbs 26 are illustrated throughout as the subject of the apparatus, other mixed waste containing frangible and malleable materials may also be processed.
Frangible material such as glass is more brittle than metal. When the brittle material passes through the crushing apparatus 30, it is shattered and thereby broken into small grains and fines. Metal, on the other hand, particularly comparatively ductile metals such as lead or copper, is not fractured on passing between the compressive rollers, but is instead flattened out into enlarged narrow waste elements.
Frangible and malleable materials will respond differently to crushing. A light bulb 26 containing both frangible and malleable material, shown in the drawing, is first broken into pieces as it moves through the waste stream. However, these pieces may not be distinguishable on the basis of size, including small dense metal elements, as well as large thin glass shards. Once crushed the glass is broken down into very small glass particles 72 which are distinguishable and may be separated from the possibly environmentally hazardous lead which is flattened or elongated during the crushing process.
As shown in the drawing, the crushing apparatus 30 receives waste material 24,made of both frangible and malleable materials from a conveyor 22 or other distributing device which supplies an even flow of material to the roll couple 32. The roll couple includes rolls 34 and 36, which are disposed in a housing 40 having a top opening 42 through which the mixed waste 24 enters, and a bottom opening 44 through which the crushed material flows from the apparatus. The roll couple 32 has two rolls 34, 36 which are approximately three feet in diameter and 216563~
which rotate toward one another and which are closely spaced from oneanother at a nip 50. The nip is preferably about an eighth of an inch wide. As the rolls 34, 36 rotate toward each other, mixed waste which is deposited on the upper surfaces of the rolls will be advanced to pass through the nip 50.
The crushing apparatus in a preferred embodiment is similar to the DynaYield Chip Conditioner manufactured by Rader Companies of Beloit Corporation. However, although a DynaYield Chip Conditioner employs aggressively contoured rolls, typically having a multitude of pyramidal projections, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,953,795, the rolls 34, 36 preferably are smooth or have a moderately aggressive contoured surface. Furthermore, although cast iron or steel rolls or roll surfaces are employed for wood chip cracking applications, the rolls or roll surfaces of the crushing apparatus 30 are preferably composed of polyurethane.
The crushing apparatus rolls apply compressive force to light bulbs or other objects made of frangible and malleable materials that pass therebetween. The objects are compressed between the roll surfaces, crushing the frangible material and flattening or elongating the malleable material.
The crushing apparatus 30 has electric motors which drive speed reducers by matched V-belts. The speed reducers are connected to the central drive shafts of the rolls 34 and 36. The rolls 34 and 36, together with their bearings and speed reducers, are horizontally adjustable by means of hydraulic actuators (not shown). These control the width of the nip 50 by moving the first roll 34 in spaced parallel relation to the opposed roll 36. The hydraulic actuators also allow the rolls 34, 36 to separate in response to larger foreign objects to decrease the likelihood of damage to the roll surfaces.
216~636 It should be understood that the arrangement shown in the drawing, is merely one example of a suitable arrangement. In some installations, it may be desirable to use two or more roll couples.
The mixed waste stream leaving the crushing apparatus 30 is now comprised of larger particles 74 of malleable material, which have not been broken up by the crushing process, and smaller particles 72 of frangible material which are reduced in size by the crushing process.
The mixed waste is fed to a screening device 60 to separate out the particles on the basis of size.
Any appropriate screening apparatus may be used, for example bar screens, disc screens, vibrating screens, or gyratory-type screens which employ a rotary screen with an eccentric underneath, to cause the oscillation thereof. An exemplary screening device 60 is similar to the wood particle screen disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,037,537. The screening device 60 has a bed of flexible, foraminous material with holes sized to permit only those particles smaller than an acceptable size range to pass through. Crushed mixed waste 68 is introduced through an inlet chute 70 at an inlet end 62 of the screen 60. Small frangible particles 72 pass through a screening bed 80 formed by a foraminous screen 66 and are removed on a frangible material conveyor 76, and those larger particles 78 not passing through the screening bed are ejected from the outlet end 64 of the screening bed and removed on a malleable material conveyor 78.
, . .
A plurality of beater rolls 96 are disposed beneath the flexible screen 66, each including a plurality of spaced beater bars 92, 94 so positioned to cyclically strike the underside of the flexible screen 66.
The beater rolls 96 are driven by a drive mechanism 89. Contact between the beater bars 92, 94 and the foraminous, flexible material of the screening bed causes larger particles to dance along the surface of the screening bed, contacting the surface only briefly before being accelerated away from the bed; while the smaller, lighter materials can quickly pass through the screen.
The assembly 20 thus advantageously makes possible a separation of materials based on their level of malleability, converting the different materials into different sized particles which are easily separated.
It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular construction and arrangement of parts herein illustrated and described, but embraces such modified forms thereof as come within the scope of the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for separating frangible material from malleable material in mixed waste, the method comprising the steps of:
delivering a stream of mixed waste having both frangible and malleable materials to a crushing apparatus;
crushing the stream of mixed waste containing frangible and malleable materials between two opposed rolls, thereby fragmenting the frangible materials and flattening the malleable materials; and screening the crushed mixed waste to separate the smaller frangible particles from the larger malleable particles on the basis of size.
delivering a stream of mixed waste having both frangible and malleable materials to a crushing apparatus;
crushing the stream of mixed waste containing frangible and malleable materials between two opposed rolls, thereby fragmenting the frangible materials and flattening the malleable materials; and screening the crushed mixed waste to separate the smaller frangible particles from the larger malleable particles on the basis of size.
2. The method of Claim 1 wherein the two opposed rolls have textured surfaces.
3. The method of Claim 1 wherein the two opposed rolls have smooth surfaces.
4. The method of Claim 1 wherein the stream of mixed wasted is crushed between opposed rolls formed of polyurethane.
5. A method for separating frangible material from malleable material in mixed waste, the method comprising the steps of:
rotating a first polyurethane roll;
rotating a second polyurethane roll toward the first roll to define a nip between the two rolls;
feeding mixed waste having both frangible and malleable materials into the nip, thereby crushing the stream of mixed waste and fragmenting the frangible materials and flattening the malleable materials; and screening the crushed mixed waste to separate the smaller frangible particles from the larger malleable particles on the basis of size.
rotating a first polyurethane roll;
rotating a second polyurethane roll toward the first roll to define a nip between the two rolls;
feeding mixed waste having both frangible and malleable materials into the nip, thereby crushing the stream of mixed waste and fragmenting the frangible materials and flattening the malleable materials; and screening the crushed mixed waste to separate the smaller frangible particles from the larger malleable particles on the basis of size.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US35980194A | 1994-12-20 | 1994-12-20 | |
| US08/359,801 | 1994-12-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2165636A1 true CA2165636A1 (en) | 1996-06-21 |
Family
ID=23415332
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002165636A Abandoned CA2165636A1 (en) | 1994-12-20 | 1995-12-18 | Method for separating frangible material from malleable material |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH08224545A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2165636A1 (en) |
| SE (1) | SE9504523L (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022266770A1 (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-12-29 | Torxx Kinetic Pulverizer Limited | Process for treating construction and demolition waste material with kinetic pulverization |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5249862B2 (en) * | 1973-08-31 | 1977-12-20 | ||
| JPH01236952A (en) * | 1988-03-18 | 1989-09-21 | Nippon Spindle Mfg Co Ltd | Bulky material crusher |
-
1995
- 1995-12-06 JP JP7317653A patent/JPH08224545A/en active Pending
- 1995-12-18 CA CA002165636A patent/CA2165636A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-12-18 SE SE9504523A patent/SE9504523L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022266770A1 (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-12-29 | Torxx Kinetic Pulverizer Limited | Process for treating construction and demolition waste material with kinetic pulverization |
| WO2022266766A1 (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-12-29 | Torxx Kinetic Pulverizer Limited | Process for treating fines stream derived from waste processing facilities |
| US11883828B2 (en) | 2021-06-25 | 2024-01-30 | Torxx Kinetic Pulverizer Limited | Process for treating construction and demolition waste material with kinetic pulverization |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH08224545A (en) | 1996-09-03 |
| SE9504523D0 (en) | 1995-12-18 |
| SE9504523L (en) | 1996-06-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |