CA2163548A1 - Water-soluble bag enclosing agricultural chemical - Google Patents
Water-soluble bag enclosing agricultural chemicalInfo
- Publication number
- CA2163548A1 CA2163548A1 CA002163548A CA2163548A CA2163548A1 CA 2163548 A1 CA2163548 A1 CA 2163548A1 CA 002163548 A CA002163548 A CA 002163548A CA 2163548 A CA2163548 A CA 2163548A CA 2163548 A1 CA2163548 A1 CA 2163548A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- film
- bag
- extruded
- containerization system
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/34—Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
- B65D65/46—Applications of disintegrable, dissolvable or edible materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2329/00—Polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylethers, polyvinylaldehydes, polyvinylketones or polyvinylketals
- B32B2329/04—Polyvinylalcohol
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Packging For Living Organisms, Food Or Medicinal Products That Are Sensitive To Environmental Conditiond (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
A containerization system and containers which are particularly suitablc for storing, packaging and transporting toxic or hazardous products such as agricultural chemicals is provided. The containerization system comprises the agricultural chemical in the form of a gel, solid or liquid which is contained within a water-soluble bag. The bag is made of co-extruded film of at least two separate polyvinyl alcohol layers combined directly after extrusion in the fluid melt state. The film is characterized in that it shows no interface boundaries.
Description
i'O 94/29188 PCTIIB94/00136 WATER-SOLUBLE BAG ENCLOSING AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL
The present invention relates to a containerization system and containers which are parti-cularly suitable for storing, packaging and transporting toxic or hazardous products such as agricultural chemicals. In particular, the present invention relates to water-soluble bags enclosing the agricultural chemical in the form of a gel, solid or liquid which is contained within a water-soluble bag made of co-extruded film of at least two separate polyvinyl al-cohol layers combined directly after extrusion in the fluid melt state. The film is characte-rized in that it shows no interface boundaries.
Water-soluble bags containing agricultural chemicals in gel or liquid form have just re-cently been developed and put into practical use. These water-soluble bags may be thrown into a water tank of a spray system whereupon the bags dissolve and the chemicals con-tained therein are dispersed into the water supply. Thus, there is no need to dispose of the packaging of the chemicals. U.S. Patent No. 5,080,226 to Hodakowski et al. discloses a water-soluble bag, preferably made of polyvinylalcohol (PVA) film, containing agricultu-ral chemicals in gel form.
Until recently, polyvinylalcohol film was made by a casting process, and then several lay-ers were l~min~ cl together to increase strength and reduce pinholes. However, these bags are less than completely satisfactory because the dissolution time of the laminated polyvinylal~ohol film is very high. Since the bag does not rapidly dissolve in the water tank, the fa~ner user must either subject the tank water to vigorous stirring over an exten-ded period of time, or risk tank apparatus clogging by premature application before the bag is thoroughly dissolved.
Additionally, the laminated bags are less than completely satisfactory in that they are J susceptible to breakage upon application of pressure.
Recently, however, polyvinylalcohol films have been made by an extrusion process. For example, EP-A-0 347 222 discloses a container system comprising a semi-rigid outer con-tainer accommodating a water-sol~lble bag. The waler-soluble bag is disclosed as compri-sing PVA, polythylene oxide or methylcelllllose. This publication stated that the PVA may be extruded.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 94/29188 21 ~ 3 5 ~ ~ 2 - pcTlIs94lool36 --Although single extruded PVA film dissolves quickly, it is also less than completely satis-factory, because the film lacks strength.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a water-soluble bag contain-ing agricultural gel, solid or liquid which dissolves rapidly.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a water-soluble bag which has suf~lcient strength to resist breakage and pinhole leaks.
To achieve this object, the water-soluble bag is made of a co-extruded film of at least two separate polyvinyl alcohol layers combined directly after extrusion in the fluid melt state.
The film is characterized in that it shows no interface boundaries.
The invention relates to a containerization system for holding and securing agricultural chemical compounds which comprises a water soluble bag made of co-extruded film which completely encloses an agricultural chemical compound, said co-extruded film con-taining at least two separate polyvinyl alcohol layers combined directly after extrusion in the fluid melt state, and said film also characterized in exhibiting no interface boundaries.
Until recently, all polyvinylalcohol (PVA) films are made by a casting process where the dissolved PVA is poured onto a conveyor-type belt or sheet and then the film is removed or rolled after drying. To add strength and reduce pinholes, several layers of these films are then laminated together with an adhesive applied by spraying or other techniques.
Recently there is developed an extrudible resin process for making PVA film. Contrary to the casting process, the extrudible resin process is an extrusion blown process. This pro-cess has severàl advantages, one of which is that several layers may be simultaneously for-med and bonded together without the use of an adhesive.
Applicants have ascertained that, for use in water-soluble bags containing agricultural gels, solids or liquids, these multiple-layer extmded films are advantageous over either la-min~t~d cast ~llms which dissolve slowly or single layer extruded films which are suscep-tible to breakage and pinhole leaks. In particular, applicants have ascertained that the tri-extruded film (three-layered film) is particularly advantageous for use in water-soluble bags containing agricultural gel or liquid.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) ~O 9~/~9188 21 635~8 PCT/IB94/~0136 The co-extruded film has preferably a thickness between 20 and 240 microns, particularly preferably between about 40 and 160 microns and most preferably about 120 microns.
The thickness is important for balancing bag stability with rapid dissolution.
) Whereas the layers of laminated film are clearly discernible under a microscope at a mag-nification factor of 200-fold, the co-extruded film appears as one layer. Nevertheless, the co-extruded film when used in a water soluble bag is stronger than a single-layer extruded film of the same thickness.
The bag should have a capacity from about 0.1 to 4.0 Iiters of gel, solid or liquid.
The agricultural chemical compound is preferably a pesticide or a plant protection agent.
The compounds may be formulated as for example water-dispersable powders or granules, as emulsifiable liquids or preferably as gels.
The bag may be formed as a twin-bag connecting two bags with a heat sealing boundary, or as a two-chambre bag (bag-on-bag) constructed with PVA film placed between two other films and bound together by heat-sealing, or as a bag in bag system where a little chemical filled PVA bag is placed in a chemical filled greater outer bag.
The following examples are presented for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended in any way to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
Two water soluble bags, each containing 610 grams of gel product, are shock tested in a Lansmont~ vertical free fall shock machine. The first bag is made of a 3.0 ml mono-ex-truded PVA film, whereas the second bag is made of a 3.0 ml tri-extruded PVA film. The first mono-extruded bag exhibits a velocity change of 12~ inches per second, whereas the second tri-extruded bag exhibit~ a velocity change of 210 inches per second.
Example 2:
Two water soluble bags, each containing 610 grams of gel product, are drop tested in a Lansmont(~ vertical free fall shock machine. The first bag is made of a 3.0 ml mono-ex-truded PVA film, whereas the second bag is made of a 3.0 ml tri-extruded PVA film. The first mono-extruded bag exhibits a critical drop height of 48 inches, whereas the second tri-extruded bag exhibits a critical drop height of over 48 inches (beyond the meàsuring capacity of the machine).
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) -2~ 6354~
WO 94/29188 PCT/~B94/00136 Example 3:
In multiple trials, three water soluble bags, each containing 204 grams of gel product, are compressed in an Instron(~) Test System Model 4200 machine. The first bag is made of 3.0 ml laminated PVA film, the second bag is made vf a 3.0 ml mono^extruded PVA film, and the third bag is made of a 3.0 ml tri-extruded PVA film. After averaging the trials, the first l~min~t.od film bags exhibit breakage at an average of 300 lbs, the mono-extruded bags ex-hibit breakage at an average of 325 lbs, and the tri-extruded bags exhibit breakage at an average of 528 lbs.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with a preferred embodiment thereof, various changes and modifications will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, such changes and modifications are intended to be within the true spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (R~ILE 26~
The present invention relates to a containerization system and containers which are parti-cularly suitable for storing, packaging and transporting toxic or hazardous products such as agricultural chemicals. In particular, the present invention relates to water-soluble bags enclosing the agricultural chemical in the form of a gel, solid or liquid which is contained within a water-soluble bag made of co-extruded film of at least two separate polyvinyl al-cohol layers combined directly after extrusion in the fluid melt state. The film is characte-rized in that it shows no interface boundaries.
Water-soluble bags containing agricultural chemicals in gel or liquid form have just re-cently been developed and put into practical use. These water-soluble bags may be thrown into a water tank of a spray system whereupon the bags dissolve and the chemicals con-tained therein are dispersed into the water supply. Thus, there is no need to dispose of the packaging of the chemicals. U.S. Patent No. 5,080,226 to Hodakowski et al. discloses a water-soluble bag, preferably made of polyvinylalcohol (PVA) film, containing agricultu-ral chemicals in gel form.
Until recently, polyvinylalcohol film was made by a casting process, and then several lay-ers were l~min~ cl together to increase strength and reduce pinholes. However, these bags are less than completely satisfactory because the dissolution time of the laminated polyvinylal~ohol film is very high. Since the bag does not rapidly dissolve in the water tank, the fa~ner user must either subject the tank water to vigorous stirring over an exten-ded period of time, or risk tank apparatus clogging by premature application before the bag is thoroughly dissolved.
Additionally, the laminated bags are less than completely satisfactory in that they are J susceptible to breakage upon application of pressure.
Recently, however, polyvinylalcohol films have been made by an extrusion process. For example, EP-A-0 347 222 discloses a container system comprising a semi-rigid outer con-tainer accommodating a water-sol~lble bag. The waler-soluble bag is disclosed as compri-sing PVA, polythylene oxide or methylcelllllose. This publication stated that the PVA may be extruded.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 94/29188 21 ~ 3 5 ~ ~ 2 - pcTlIs94lool36 --Although single extruded PVA film dissolves quickly, it is also less than completely satis-factory, because the film lacks strength.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a water-soluble bag contain-ing agricultural gel, solid or liquid which dissolves rapidly.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a water-soluble bag which has suf~lcient strength to resist breakage and pinhole leaks.
To achieve this object, the water-soluble bag is made of a co-extruded film of at least two separate polyvinyl alcohol layers combined directly after extrusion in the fluid melt state.
The film is characterized in that it shows no interface boundaries.
The invention relates to a containerization system for holding and securing agricultural chemical compounds which comprises a water soluble bag made of co-extruded film which completely encloses an agricultural chemical compound, said co-extruded film con-taining at least two separate polyvinyl alcohol layers combined directly after extrusion in the fluid melt state, and said film also characterized in exhibiting no interface boundaries.
Until recently, all polyvinylalcohol (PVA) films are made by a casting process where the dissolved PVA is poured onto a conveyor-type belt or sheet and then the film is removed or rolled after drying. To add strength and reduce pinholes, several layers of these films are then laminated together with an adhesive applied by spraying or other techniques.
Recently there is developed an extrudible resin process for making PVA film. Contrary to the casting process, the extrudible resin process is an extrusion blown process. This pro-cess has severàl advantages, one of which is that several layers may be simultaneously for-med and bonded together without the use of an adhesive.
Applicants have ascertained that, for use in water-soluble bags containing agricultural gels, solids or liquids, these multiple-layer extmded films are advantageous over either la-min~t~d cast ~llms which dissolve slowly or single layer extruded films which are suscep-tible to breakage and pinhole leaks. In particular, applicants have ascertained that the tri-extruded film (three-layered film) is particularly advantageous for use in water-soluble bags containing agricultural gel or liquid.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) ~O 9~/~9188 21 635~8 PCT/IB94/~0136 The co-extruded film has preferably a thickness between 20 and 240 microns, particularly preferably between about 40 and 160 microns and most preferably about 120 microns.
The thickness is important for balancing bag stability with rapid dissolution.
) Whereas the layers of laminated film are clearly discernible under a microscope at a mag-nification factor of 200-fold, the co-extruded film appears as one layer. Nevertheless, the co-extruded film when used in a water soluble bag is stronger than a single-layer extruded film of the same thickness.
The bag should have a capacity from about 0.1 to 4.0 Iiters of gel, solid or liquid.
The agricultural chemical compound is preferably a pesticide or a plant protection agent.
The compounds may be formulated as for example water-dispersable powders or granules, as emulsifiable liquids or preferably as gels.
The bag may be formed as a twin-bag connecting two bags with a heat sealing boundary, or as a two-chambre bag (bag-on-bag) constructed with PVA film placed between two other films and bound together by heat-sealing, or as a bag in bag system where a little chemical filled PVA bag is placed in a chemical filled greater outer bag.
The following examples are presented for illustrative purposes only, and are not intended in any way to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
Two water soluble bags, each containing 610 grams of gel product, are shock tested in a Lansmont~ vertical free fall shock machine. The first bag is made of a 3.0 ml mono-ex-truded PVA film, whereas the second bag is made of a 3.0 ml tri-extruded PVA film. The first mono-extruded bag exhibits a velocity change of 12~ inches per second, whereas the second tri-extruded bag exhibit~ a velocity change of 210 inches per second.
Example 2:
Two water soluble bags, each containing 610 grams of gel product, are drop tested in a Lansmont(~ vertical free fall shock machine. The first bag is made of a 3.0 ml mono-ex-truded PVA film, whereas the second bag is made of a 3.0 ml tri-extruded PVA film. The first mono-extruded bag exhibits a critical drop height of 48 inches, whereas the second tri-extruded bag exhibits a critical drop height of over 48 inches (beyond the meàsuring capacity of the machine).
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) -2~ 6354~
WO 94/29188 PCT/~B94/00136 Example 3:
In multiple trials, three water soluble bags, each containing 204 grams of gel product, are compressed in an Instron(~) Test System Model 4200 machine. The first bag is made of 3.0 ml laminated PVA film, the second bag is made vf a 3.0 ml mono^extruded PVA film, and the third bag is made of a 3.0 ml tri-extruded PVA film. After averaging the trials, the first l~min~t.od film bags exhibit breakage at an average of 300 lbs, the mono-extruded bags ex-hibit breakage at an average of 325 lbs, and the tri-extruded bags exhibit breakage at an average of 528 lbs.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with a preferred embodiment thereof, various changes and modifications will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, such changes and modifications are intended to be within the true spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (R~ILE 26~
Claims (8)
1. A containerization system for holding and securing agricultural chemical compounds which comprises a water soluble bag made of co-extruded film which completely encloses an agricultural chemical compound, said co-extruded film containing at least two separate polyvinyl alcohol layers combined directly after extrusion in the fluid melt state, and said film also characterized in exhibiting no interface boundaries.
2. The containerization system of claim 1, wherein the agricultural chemical compound is a pesticide or a plant protection agent.
3. The containerization system of claim 1, wherein the co-extruded polyvinylalcohol film has a thickness between about 20 and 240 microns.
4. The containerization system of claim 3, wherein the film has a thickness between about 40 and 160 microns.
5. The containerization system of claim 4, wherein the film has a thickness of about 120 microns.
6. The containerization system of claim 1, wherein the bag has a capacity of between about 0.1 and 4.0 liters.
7. The containerization system of claim 1, wherein the co-extruded film is a tri-extruded film.
8. The containerization system of claim 1, wherein the agricultural chemical compound is in the form of a gel.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US7228493A | 1993-06-11 | 1993-06-11 | |
| US08/072,284 | 1993-06-11 | ||
| US16980793A | 1993-12-17 | 1993-12-17 | |
| US08/169,807 | 1993-12-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2163548A1 true CA2163548A1 (en) | 1994-12-22 |
Family
ID=26753197
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002163548A Abandoned CA2163548A1 (en) | 1993-06-11 | 1994-06-02 | Water-soluble bag enclosing agricultural chemical |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0701524A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH08511226A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6657694A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9406767A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2163548A1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL109905A (en) |
| SG (1) | SG46989A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994029188A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19510957A1 (en) * | 1995-03-25 | 1996-09-26 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Thickened soil stabilizer, as well as packaged ready mix for soil treatments containing it |
| AR006543A1 (en) * | 1996-04-08 | 1999-09-08 | Monosol Llc | WATER-SOLUBLE BAG PACKAGING ARRANGEMENT FOR TRANSPORTING AGROCHEMICAL PRODUCTS, METHOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE PACKAGING ARRANGEMENT, WATER-SOLID FILM OF MULTIPLE LAYERS SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE PACKAGING DISPOSITION, AND A BAG FOR BLEEDING |
| US6484879B2 (en) * | 1997-04-07 | 2002-11-26 | Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. | Water soluble packaging system and method |
| US6020425A (en) | 1998-06-01 | 2000-02-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Unmodified polyvinyl alcohol films and fibers and methods of making the same |
| US7012116B1 (en) | 1998-06-01 | 2006-03-14 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Blend compositions of an unmodified poly vinyl alcohol and a thermoplastic elastomer |
| US6355347B1 (en) | 1998-06-01 | 2002-03-12 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Methods of making blend compositions of an unmodified polyvinyl alcohol and metallocene polyolefin or a grafted metallocene polyolefin |
| US7219484B2 (en) | 2001-01-26 | 2007-05-22 | Reckitt Benckiser (Uk) Limited | Process for preparing a laminated, thermoformed film |
| GB0806271D0 (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2008-05-14 | Chemlink Specialities Ltd | pakaging and method of manufacturing thereof |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3017246C2 (en) * | 1980-05-06 | 1984-12-20 | Peter Dr. 5630 Remscheid Melchior | Laundry bag |
| GB2244220B (en) * | 1990-05-01 | 1994-10-12 | Courtaulds Films & Packaging | Packaging materials |
| IE64670B1 (en) * | 1990-05-02 | 1995-08-23 | Rhone Poulenc Agriculture | Soluble sachets |
| NZ242597A (en) * | 1991-05-14 | 1995-07-26 | Grace W R & Co | Co-extruded water soluble laminated polymeric film and methods of extruding it |
| EP0513692A1 (en) * | 1991-05-17 | 1992-11-19 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Water soluble multilayer film for packaging alkaline materials |
-
1994
- 1994-06-02 CA CA002163548A patent/CA2163548A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-06-02 WO PCT/IB1994/000136 patent/WO1994029188A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-06-02 JP JP7501534A patent/JPH08511226A/en active Pending
- 1994-06-02 SG SG1996001103A patent/SG46989A1/en unknown
- 1994-06-02 AU AU66576/94A patent/AU6657694A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-06-02 BR BR9406767A patent/BR9406767A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-06-02 EP EP94915261A patent/EP0701524A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-06-06 IL IL10990594A patent/IL109905A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0701524A1 (en) | 1996-03-20 |
| AU6657694A (en) | 1995-01-03 |
| IL109905A0 (en) | 1994-10-07 |
| SG46989A1 (en) | 1998-03-20 |
| JPH08511226A (en) | 1996-11-26 |
| BR9406767A (en) | 1996-03-05 |
| WO1994029188A1 (en) | 1994-12-22 |
| IL109905A (en) | 1997-01-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |