CA2157943A1 - Rgs-100 siphoning rain gauge - Google Patents
Rgs-100 siphoning rain gaugeInfo
- Publication number
- CA2157943A1 CA2157943A1 CA002157943A CA2157943A CA2157943A1 CA 2157943 A1 CA2157943 A1 CA 2157943A1 CA 002157943 A CA002157943 A CA 002157943A CA 2157943 A CA2157943 A CA 2157943A CA 2157943 A1 CA2157943 A1 CA 2157943A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- water
- siphon
- level
- measuring chamber
- chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Atmospheric Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
This invention relates to an apparatus and method for measuring the rate and total amount of rainfall, having a measuring chamber such that upon the water reaching a predetermined level it is measured and siphoned out automatically. This device has no moving parts and the siphoning process is self-commencing and stopping and repeats indefinitely. The water level is measured incrementally, electronically and converted to a signal representative of the amount of liquid in the measuring chamber. Other sensors may be attached to the measuring chamber so that other water conditions can be measured.
Description
=
21579~3 ~, .
Cpf~rilFir ltirr;
This invention relates to a device and method for ~If t~rminin~ the rate amd total amount of rainfall and is p~ ,uLI~ly useful for ,,l~ ulul~ ,l rn~nit~rjnu Presently, there are two ways of measuring rain fall: the Type "B" AES Manual Rain Gauge and the Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge. The Type "B" AES Manual Rain Gauges is cu..~l. u.,~ of ABS
and consists of a funnel attached to a clear graduated holding chamber. The funnel and chamber are held in a circular shell. Rain is collected by the funnel and directed into the measuring chamber. To read the results, the funnel is pulled up and the water level is read on the graduated cylinder. After taking a reading, the chamber is emptied and the funnel replaced in the shell.
Atmosphenc Ellvi-u~ull~,lll Canada (AES) has many of these units in use across Canada and volunteers phone AES after every rain fall ~vith the results. This is presently the most accurate device available to measure rainfall and its accuracy remains constant at all rates of rain fall. A
screen on the funnel prevents dirt from entering the cylinder.
This method camnot be used for remote serlsing because of its 1 l- IJ` '-'lf e on human beings. So placing it in a remote, hard to access area is imrrflr.tiral It is imperative that a reading be taken nc.ii~l~ly after a rainfall so that evaporation and overfilling do not affect the accuracy of the data. Volumteers often neglect tnis duty and either lie about the results or enter no data at all.
This unit cannot measure the rate of rainfall, only the total amount.
The Tipping Bucket Rain gauge was designed around the time of tne Second World War. The purpose of this unit is to monitor rain at a remote area. The tipping bucket is a teeter totter type device pivoted in its centre with a magnet attached to it. Each side of the teeter totter has a small container that collects the rain. A reed switch is extended from the stationary pivotal point so when the magnet passes it, the magnetic field causes the switch to close ly. The reed switch is interfaced to a recorder. A funnel collects the rain and diverts it to the tipping bucket.
Every time the tipping bucket tips, the water it has collected is dumped and the other bucket lines up bellow the funnel. The only advantage to the unit is that it can easily be placed in any remote area.
The disadvantages of the unit are that it can only be calibrated for one rate of rainfall. The further the rate of rainfall is from the calibrated rate, the greater the error. If any dirt or insects nests get in the pivotal point or the buckets then the unit is llnr,alihr,atf d This usually occurs within 2 weeks of it being in the field. Calibration is expensive and time consuming and cannot be properly done in the field. This unit cannot measure the rate of rain accurately because it is accurate at only one rate of rainfall.
The present invention is a device and method for avoiding the aforementioned problems and has been shown to be capable of accurately measuring the rate of rainfall and the total amount of rainfall.
Rather than rely on n-~rl~ar~ means, a method has been devised to measure the rain incrementally which discards the ~ .,.. ~1,, 1. d rain when it reaches a IJl rl 1~ 1 Ievel without 2~794~
the use of mo~ ing paJts. More particularly, a siphon has been employed to empty the chamber at the ~15;ilP~ d level and a solid state level sensor is used to measure the rain ;""" Iy In a regular inverted 'U' siphon, suction applied to the longe} leg causes liquid to move up the shorter leg, over the bend and down the longer side. The hydrostatic force due to gravity is larger on the longer leg, and keeps the water flowing through it, even though it has to move up the shorter leg against the pull of gravity. Once started, the flow will continue until air enters the lower siphon leg and breaks the hydrostatic force. Under normal Cil. . .~ ;, the suction to begin the process could be provided by a pump but in remote areas this is not possible as power must be conserved. Therefore the siphoning must be self~ .... " ;"~ The inverted "U" siphon is placed in chamber such that the top of the bend is at the height at which we want the water siphoned. As the i~ater level rises in the chamber, it rises in the tube until it rises to the top of the outside of the bend in the tube, whereupon any small rise in the level of the liquid causes water to move down the long side of the siphon, beginning the siphoning process. The rate of flow accelerates with time causing a very quick (a,uplu~ t~,ly I second) emptying of the measuring chamber. When the water level in the chamber reaches the bottûm of the short leg, air enters it, causing the siphoning action to stop. This cycle repeats i~d~,r...;l~ly and siphoning occurs at the exact same water level each time.
A better ~ "~1;"~ of the invention will be obtained by reference to the detailed description below, in c: ;. with the accul~ Jallyi-.g drawings, in which:
Figure I is a detailed illustration of the preferred r.~ .. of a rairl gauge Figure 2 is a detailed illustration of the level sensor-siphon unit Figure 3 is a top view of the level sensor-siphon unit Figure 4 is a detailed illustration of the siphoning tube Rererring to figures I through 4, rain is collected by the funnel, 1 in Figure 1. The debbubler tube, 3 in Figure 1, quickly channels the water to measuring chamber, 4 in Figure 1, while removing any bubbles. As water collects in the measuring chamber, 4 in Figure 1, each 0.2 mm of rain covers one probe, 6 in Figure 2, on the level sensor, 5 irl Figure 2. This is registered by the electronics cormected to the cable, 10 in Figure 2. ARer 1.0mm is collected, it is siphoned out by the siphoning tube, 11 in Figure 2. This may be housed in a plastic shell which can be mûunted ~-in the area where the user wishes to measure rainfall.
The siphoning action is self controlled as follows: The siphon, Figure 4, is placed into the base, 8 in Figure 2, through hole 13 in Figure 3, such that the short leg of the siphon, 14 in Figure 4, is in cavity 7 in Figure 2 & 3. The height of the inside of the ûutside bend of the siphon, 17 in Figure 4, cu~ ull.ls to a volume of I mm being in the measuring chamber, 4 in Figure 1, before siphoning occurs. As water rises in the chamber, 4 in Figure 1, it rises ,ul~c~v~ldi~l~ly in the short leg of the siphon, 14 in Figure 4. When the water rises to the inside of the outside bend, 17 in Figure 4, it begins travelling down the longer leg of the siphon, 12 in Figure 4, and hydrostatic force takes over causing water to siphon out of the measuring chamber, 4 in Figure 1. This continues until the water level falls below the holes, 16 in Fig,ure 4, which introduces air into the siphon, thus breaking the hydrostatic force. The bend at 15 on Figure 4 must be a smooth curve and not a sharp bend. A sharp bend inhibits the siphoning process. Additionally, the long leg of 2~7943 the siphon nnust be cut at a 45 degree angle at the bottom, I 1 in Figure 2 & 4. This prevents water droplets from remaining in the siphon tube. The siphoning action takes a~JInu~ t~ly I
second and repeats indefinitely.
The level sensor, 5 in Fi~ure 2, is a tube. Inside the tube are placed six rods, 6 irl Figure 3. The pins are counter sunk into the top of the level sensor, 5 in Figure 2, so they are not e.Yposed at the top of the tube. The tube is then filled with a casting material so water cannot enter it. Each rod is soldered to a wire In the cable, I 0 in Figure 2, going to the electronic circuit. One rod runs the length of the level probe, 5 in Figure 2, and is grounded. Each of the other rods have a current placed on them by the electronic circuit. They are each cut to a length such that each will conduct to the ground probe ~hen 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 ,0.8 and I mm enters the chamber, respectively.
The current placed on these probes by the electronic circuit is a pulsating direct current so as to avoid the electrolytic plating common to direct current. The electronic circuit translates each signal from the level sensor rods, 5 in Figure 3, into a 1 00ms contact closure.
The base of the level sensor-siphon unit, 8 in Figure 2, is machined to fit perfectly into the measunng chamber 4 on Figure 1. The base, 8 in Figure 2, has 2 holes and I cavity, 18, 13 and 7 in Figure 3, respectively. The siphon passes through hole 13, in Figure 3 which has been drilled so the siphon fits snugly to deter leaking. Additionally, a brass compression fitting, 9 in Figure 2, seals around the siphon and prevents any movement. The level sensor, 5 in Figure 2, passes through hole 18, in Figure 3. The cavity, 7 in Figure 3, holds the short leg of the siphon so the water in the chamber, 4 in Figure 1, is completely siphoned out. The siphoning process requires that air pressure be constant. The screens, 2 in Figure I, allow air to flow within the chamber, 4 in Figure 1, when the tube from the funnel, 3 in Figure I, is filled with water.
21579~3 ~, .
Cpf~rilFir ltirr;
This invention relates to a device and method for ~If t~rminin~ the rate amd total amount of rainfall and is p~ ,uLI~ly useful for ,,l~ ulul~ ,l rn~nit~rjnu Presently, there are two ways of measuring rain fall: the Type "B" AES Manual Rain Gauge and the Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge. The Type "B" AES Manual Rain Gauges is cu..~l. u.,~ of ABS
and consists of a funnel attached to a clear graduated holding chamber. The funnel and chamber are held in a circular shell. Rain is collected by the funnel and directed into the measuring chamber. To read the results, the funnel is pulled up and the water level is read on the graduated cylinder. After taking a reading, the chamber is emptied and the funnel replaced in the shell.
Atmosphenc Ellvi-u~ull~,lll Canada (AES) has many of these units in use across Canada and volunteers phone AES after every rain fall ~vith the results. This is presently the most accurate device available to measure rainfall and its accuracy remains constant at all rates of rain fall. A
screen on the funnel prevents dirt from entering the cylinder.
This method camnot be used for remote serlsing because of its 1 l- IJ` '-'lf e on human beings. So placing it in a remote, hard to access area is imrrflr.tiral It is imperative that a reading be taken nc.ii~l~ly after a rainfall so that evaporation and overfilling do not affect the accuracy of the data. Volumteers often neglect tnis duty and either lie about the results or enter no data at all.
This unit cannot measure the rate of rainfall, only the total amount.
The Tipping Bucket Rain gauge was designed around the time of tne Second World War. The purpose of this unit is to monitor rain at a remote area. The tipping bucket is a teeter totter type device pivoted in its centre with a magnet attached to it. Each side of the teeter totter has a small container that collects the rain. A reed switch is extended from the stationary pivotal point so when the magnet passes it, the magnetic field causes the switch to close ly. The reed switch is interfaced to a recorder. A funnel collects the rain and diverts it to the tipping bucket.
Every time the tipping bucket tips, the water it has collected is dumped and the other bucket lines up bellow the funnel. The only advantage to the unit is that it can easily be placed in any remote area.
The disadvantages of the unit are that it can only be calibrated for one rate of rainfall. The further the rate of rainfall is from the calibrated rate, the greater the error. If any dirt or insects nests get in the pivotal point or the buckets then the unit is llnr,alihr,atf d This usually occurs within 2 weeks of it being in the field. Calibration is expensive and time consuming and cannot be properly done in the field. This unit cannot measure the rate of rain accurately because it is accurate at only one rate of rainfall.
The present invention is a device and method for avoiding the aforementioned problems and has been shown to be capable of accurately measuring the rate of rainfall and the total amount of rainfall.
Rather than rely on n-~rl~ar~ means, a method has been devised to measure the rain incrementally which discards the ~ .,.. ~1,, 1. d rain when it reaches a IJl rl 1~ 1 Ievel without 2~794~
the use of mo~ ing paJts. More particularly, a siphon has been employed to empty the chamber at the ~15;ilP~ d level and a solid state level sensor is used to measure the rain ;""" Iy In a regular inverted 'U' siphon, suction applied to the longe} leg causes liquid to move up the shorter leg, over the bend and down the longer side. The hydrostatic force due to gravity is larger on the longer leg, and keeps the water flowing through it, even though it has to move up the shorter leg against the pull of gravity. Once started, the flow will continue until air enters the lower siphon leg and breaks the hydrostatic force. Under normal Cil. . .~ ;, the suction to begin the process could be provided by a pump but in remote areas this is not possible as power must be conserved. Therefore the siphoning must be self~ .... " ;"~ The inverted "U" siphon is placed in chamber such that the top of the bend is at the height at which we want the water siphoned. As the i~ater level rises in the chamber, it rises in the tube until it rises to the top of the outside of the bend in the tube, whereupon any small rise in the level of the liquid causes water to move down the long side of the siphon, beginning the siphoning process. The rate of flow accelerates with time causing a very quick (a,uplu~ t~,ly I second) emptying of the measuring chamber. When the water level in the chamber reaches the bottûm of the short leg, air enters it, causing the siphoning action to stop. This cycle repeats i~d~,r...;l~ly and siphoning occurs at the exact same water level each time.
A better ~ "~1;"~ of the invention will be obtained by reference to the detailed description below, in c: ;. with the accul~ Jallyi-.g drawings, in which:
Figure I is a detailed illustration of the preferred r.~ .. of a rairl gauge Figure 2 is a detailed illustration of the level sensor-siphon unit Figure 3 is a top view of the level sensor-siphon unit Figure 4 is a detailed illustration of the siphoning tube Rererring to figures I through 4, rain is collected by the funnel, 1 in Figure 1. The debbubler tube, 3 in Figure 1, quickly channels the water to measuring chamber, 4 in Figure 1, while removing any bubbles. As water collects in the measuring chamber, 4 in Figure 1, each 0.2 mm of rain covers one probe, 6 in Figure 2, on the level sensor, 5 irl Figure 2. This is registered by the electronics cormected to the cable, 10 in Figure 2. ARer 1.0mm is collected, it is siphoned out by the siphoning tube, 11 in Figure 2. This may be housed in a plastic shell which can be mûunted ~-in the area where the user wishes to measure rainfall.
The siphoning action is self controlled as follows: The siphon, Figure 4, is placed into the base, 8 in Figure 2, through hole 13 in Figure 3, such that the short leg of the siphon, 14 in Figure 4, is in cavity 7 in Figure 2 & 3. The height of the inside of the ûutside bend of the siphon, 17 in Figure 4, cu~ ull.ls to a volume of I mm being in the measuring chamber, 4 in Figure 1, before siphoning occurs. As water rises in the chamber, 4 in Figure 1, it rises ,ul~c~v~ldi~l~ly in the short leg of the siphon, 14 in Figure 4. When the water rises to the inside of the outside bend, 17 in Figure 4, it begins travelling down the longer leg of the siphon, 12 in Figure 4, and hydrostatic force takes over causing water to siphon out of the measuring chamber, 4 in Figure 1. This continues until the water level falls below the holes, 16 in Fig,ure 4, which introduces air into the siphon, thus breaking the hydrostatic force. The bend at 15 on Figure 4 must be a smooth curve and not a sharp bend. A sharp bend inhibits the siphoning process. Additionally, the long leg of 2~7943 the siphon nnust be cut at a 45 degree angle at the bottom, I 1 in Figure 2 & 4. This prevents water droplets from remaining in the siphon tube. The siphoning action takes a~JInu~ t~ly I
second and repeats indefinitely.
The level sensor, 5 in Fi~ure 2, is a tube. Inside the tube are placed six rods, 6 irl Figure 3. The pins are counter sunk into the top of the level sensor, 5 in Figure 2, so they are not e.Yposed at the top of the tube. The tube is then filled with a casting material so water cannot enter it. Each rod is soldered to a wire In the cable, I 0 in Figure 2, going to the electronic circuit. One rod runs the length of the level probe, 5 in Figure 2, and is grounded. Each of the other rods have a current placed on them by the electronic circuit. They are each cut to a length such that each will conduct to the ground probe ~hen 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 ,0.8 and I mm enters the chamber, respectively.
The current placed on these probes by the electronic circuit is a pulsating direct current so as to avoid the electrolytic plating common to direct current. The electronic circuit translates each signal from the level sensor rods, 5 in Figure 3, into a 1 00ms contact closure.
The base of the level sensor-siphon unit, 8 in Figure 2, is machined to fit perfectly into the measunng chamber 4 on Figure 1. The base, 8 in Figure 2, has 2 holes and I cavity, 18, 13 and 7 in Figure 3, respectively. The siphon passes through hole 13, in Figure 3 which has been drilled so the siphon fits snugly to deter leaking. Additionally, a brass compression fitting, 9 in Figure 2, seals around the siphon and prevents any movement. The level sensor, 5 in Figure 2, passes through hole 18, in Figure 3. The cavity, 7 in Figure 3, holds the short leg of the siphon so the water in the chamber, 4 in Figure 1, is completely siphoned out. The siphoning process requires that air pressure be constant. The screens, 2 in Figure I, allow air to flow within the chamber, 4 in Figure 1, when the tube from the funnel, 3 in Figure I, is filled with water.
Claims (9)
1. Apparatus for measuring the rate and amount of rainfall, as detailed above, using a siphon to empty the measuring and having a solid state-level sensing device comprised of:
(a) a funnel attached to a tube which brings water to a measuring chamber quickly while removing any bubbles.
(b) a measuring chamber receives water from said tube and accumulates water a to predetermined level upon which siphoning action drains the chamber and houses a water level sensing device.
(c)a level sensing device with rods set at various levels such that the water level can be measured incrementally.
(d) an inverted "U" siphon placed in the measuring chamber such that water is siphoned out automatically upon reaching a predetermined level and repeats this action indefinitely.
(a) a funnel attached to a tube which brings water to a measuring chamber quickly while removing any bubbles.
(b) a measuring chamber receives water from said tube and accumulates water a to predetermined level upon which siphoning action drains the chamber and houses a water level sensing device.
(c)a level sensing device with rods set at various levels such that the water level can be measured incrementally.
(d) an inverted "U" siphon placed in the measuring chamber such that water is siphoned out automatically upon reaching a predetermined level and repeats this action indefinitely.
2. Apparatus as defined in claim 1 such that the tube from the funnel to the measuring chamber is cut at an angle and placed as near as possible to the siphoning tube so that water leaving the tube does not interfere with the level sensor and water does not stick at the end of the tube. Said tube is made of material such that water flows through it quickly.
3. Apparatus as defined in claim 2 with a measuring chamber that has an cavity in its floor such that the end of the short leg of the siphon sits below the level of the chamber floor.
4. Apparatus as defined in claim 3 with a level sensor having the rod sensing the lowest water level extended away from the surface of the level sensor such that the meniscus of the water clinging to said level sensor after the siphoning process has emptied the chamber does not cause a false reading with the electronics. Said level sensing device has the end of its rods bent perpendicularly to the level sensing device and parallel to the liquid so a larger surface area is available for conduction by the electronic circuit.
5. Apparatus as defined in claim 4 having a level sensor connected to an electronic circuit for detecting said water levels and outputting a signal representative of the amount of liquid in the measuring chamber.
6. Apparatus as defined in claim 5 having openings such that air can enter the measuring chamber so no pressure differential between the inside of the measuring chamber and the area surrounding the apparatus can exist. Said openings are placed such that no water is lost through them under normal operating conditions.
7. Apparatus as defined in claim 6 having a siphon such that:
(a) the siphoning process starts and stops automatically when the water in the chamber is at a predetermined level.
(b) the siphon is of a predetermined length, diameter and curvature to begin and end the siphoning process.
(C) the inside curve of the inverted "U" siphon is rounded and not sharp so as to not impede the siphoning action.
(d) has its short leg cut at an angle to control the level of water to which the siphon will evacuate liquid from the measuring chamber. Said siphon also has holes drilled just above the angled cut on the short leg to stop the siphoning action by introducing air into the siphon and break the hydrostatic force.
(e) the long leg of the inverted "U" siphon is of a particular length to siphon water from the chamber quickly. Said leg is cut at an angle so water does not stick at the end and drips off.
(f) the siphoning tube is made of material which does not impede the siphoning action.
(g) the short leg of the siphon is below the floor of the measuring chamber so water is siphoned completely from the chamber.
(a) the siphoning process starts and stops automatically when the water in the chamber is at a predetermined level.
(b) the siphon is of a predetermined length, diameter and curvature to begin and end the siphoning process.
(C) the inside curve of the inverted "U" siphon is rounded and not sharp so as to not impede the siphoning action.
(d) has its short leg cut at an angle to control the level of water to which the siphon will evacuate liquid from the measuring chamber. Said siphon also has holes drilled just above the angled cut on the short leg to stop the siphoning action by introducing air into the siphon and break the hydrostatic force.
(e) the long leg of the inverted "U" siphon is of a particular length to siphon water from the chamber quickly. Said leg is cut at an angle so water does not stick at the end and drips off.
(f) the siphoning tube is made of material which does not impede the siphoning action.
(g) the short leg of the siphon is below the floor of the measuring chamber so water is siphoned completely from the chamber.
8. Apparatus as defined in claim 7 such that the measuring chamber is made from material of which the temperature co-efficient is known such that errors induced by expansion and contraction due temperature can be corrected.
9. Apparatus as described in claim 8 such that other sensors may be attached to the measuring chamber so that other water conditions may be measured.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002157943A CA2157943A1 (en) | 1995-09-11 | 1995-09-11 | Rgs-100 siphoning rain gauge |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002157943A CA2157943A1 (en) | 1995-09-11 | 1995-09-11 | Rgs-100 siphoning rain gauge |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2157943A1 true CA2157943A1 (en) | 1997-03-12 |
Family
ID=4156580
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002157943A Abandoned CA2157943A1 (en) | 1995-09-11 | 1995-09-11 | Rgs-100 siphoning rain gauge |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2157943A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013098437A2 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-04 | Universidad De Malaga | Pluviometer |
| ES2598003A1 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-01-24 | Geonica, S.A. | Rain gauge with automatic priming siphon (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| ITUB20169953A1 (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2017-07-13 | Netsens S R L | PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM |
| CN107882145A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-04-06 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | A kind of roof rain water runoff measuring device and its application method |
| CN111272228A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-06-12 | 河海大学 | Automatic monitoring device for irrigation quantity of paddy field |
-
1995
- 1995-09-11 CA CA002157943A patent/CA2157943A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013098437A2 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-04 | Universidad De Malaga | Pluviometer |
| ES2411831A1 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2013-07-08 | Universidad De Málaga | Pluviometer |
| WO2013098437A3 (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2014-01-30 | Universidad De Malaga | Pluviometer |
| ES2598003A1 (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2017-01-24 | Geonica, S.A. | Rain gauge with automatic priming siphon (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| ITUB20169953A1 (en) * | 2016-01-13 | 2017-07-13 | Netsens S R L | PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM |
| CN107882145A (en) * | 2017-10-09 | 2018-04-06 | 上海市政工程设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | A kind of roof rain water runoff measuring device and its application method |
| CN111272228A (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2020-06-12 | 河海大学 | Automatic monitoring device for irrigation quantity of paddy field |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 19970911 |