CA2157748C - Hot gas line for gases containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide - Google Patents
Hot gas line for gases containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2157748C CA2157748C CA002157748A CA2157748A CA2157748C CA 2157748 C CA2157748 C CA 2157748C CA 002157748 A CA002157748 A CA 002157748A CA 2157748 A CA2157748 A CA 2157748A CA 2157748 C CA2157748 C CA 2157748C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- protective
- hot gas
- protective tube
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/14—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having thermal insulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Thermal Insulation (AREA)
- Pipeline Systems (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
Abstract
The hot gas line serves to conduct a product gas, which contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide and which is at temperatures in the range from 600 to 1500°C. The hot gas line comprises an outer sheath tube, an inner protective tube, which is subdivided into sections, and a protective layer, which consists of a heat-insulating protective compound and is disposed between the protective tube and the sheath tube.
At least one section of the protective tube comprises a compensator, which consists of metal bellows, which will take up the length change of the section of the protective tube.
At least one section of the protective tube comprises a compensator, which consists of metal bellows, which will take up the length change of the section of the protective tube.
Description
2~5'~'~ 4~8 This invention relates to a hot gas line for con-ducting a product gas, which contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide and is the result of a reaction of gaseous, liquid, or solid fuels and is at temperatures in the range from 600 to 1500°C, which hot gas line comprises an outer sheath tube, an inner protective tube, which is subdivided into sections, and a protective layer, which consists of a heat-insulating protective compound and is disposed between the protective tube and the sheath tube.
Product gases which are conducted through hot gas lines of that kind may consist, e.g., of raw synthesis gases.
Such gases may be produced, e.g., by a cracking of natural gas, by a gasification of liquid hydrocarbons, or by a gasifi-cation of coal. Suitable processes and reactors for such pro-cesses have been described fn Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Indus-trial Chemistry, 5th edition, Volume A12, pages 192 to 208.
They include, inter alia, a tubular heater, details fo which are known from OE-A-43 27 176.
The hot gas line which conducts hot product gases, ~~.~7'~ ~~
which contain H2 and CO, comprises a protective tube, which is divided into sections, so that length changes of the protective tube caused by temperature changes will not be restricted and will not result in a deflection or destruction of the protective tube. For this reason the protective tube cannot be designed to be perfectly gastight but an open butt joint is required between two sections of the tube so that the tube sections can elongate in response to a temperature rise.
It has been found that small side streams of the hot gas can constantly escape through the open butt joints of the hot gas line and can flow as far as to the inside surface of the sheath tube so that hot spots will undesirably result on the sheath tube after a prolonged operation. Besides, the carbon monoxide will attack the sheath tube, which is usually made of steel, so that the formation of carbides will result in metal dusting, by which the tube will be weakened. and may even be destroyed.
According to the present invention, there is provided a hot gas line for conducting a product gas , which contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide and is the result of a reaction of gaseous, liquid, or solid fuels and is at temperatures in the range from 600 to 1500°C, which hot gas line comprises an outer sheath tube, an inner protective tube, which is subdivided into sections, and a protective layer, which consists of a heat-insulating protective compound and is disposed between the protective tube and the sheath tube characterized in that at least one section of the protective tube comprises a compensator, which consists of metal bellows, which will take up the length change of the section of the protective tube.
Preferably, the protective tube section which is provided with a compensator is secured to the sheath tube by at least one annular joint, which acts as a gas barrier.
The joint which is provided between the protective tube section and the sheath tube and acts as a gas barrier will ensure that a constant gas flow, even at a very low rate, cannot occur in the region between the sheath tube and the protective tube section.
A compensator will generally be provided near a portion of the protective tube in which length changes of the protective tube section will occur in different directions. Such length changes in different directions may occur adj acent to tees and bends . Unless elastic metal belows are provided, it will be necessary in such critical regions to provide two open butt joints which are closely spaced apart in order to allow for length changes of the tube sections in two different directions. Experience has shown that disturbing hot spots will preferably occur in such regions of known hot gas lines in such cases . Because the protective tube section is provided in accordance with the invention with at least one metal bellows compensator in such a critical region, the number of open butt joints can be decreased and the gas barrier will prevent a constant flow of hot gas to the inside surface of the sheath tube.
The present invention also concerns a hot gas line for conducting a product gas at a temperature in the range from 600 to 1500°C, the product gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide and resulting of a reaction of gaseous, liquid, or solid fuels, the hot gas line comprising:
- an outer sheath tube;
- an inner protective tube subdivided into sections respectively separated by a gap constituted by an open butt joint; and - a protective layer consisting of a heat-insulating protective compound, disposed between the protective tube and the sheath tube; wherein:
3a -at least one of said sections of the protective tube comprises a compensator for taking up a length change of said at least one section, the compensator consisting of metal bellows provided near a portion of the protective tube where said length changes will occur in different directions;
-said at least one section is secured to the outer sheath tube by at least one annular joint located adjacent a respective one of said open butt joint, said annular joint is acting as a gas barrier and comprises a tubular portion and a conical metal ring joined to an inner surface of the outer sheath tube; and -said at least one section is provided with a guide tube covering the metal bellows.
Because the protective tube designed in accordance with the invention will effectively protect the sheath tube, the sheath tube may be made at low cost from a relatively low-grade steel, such as plain carbon steel.
The sections of the protective tube and the metal bellows are preferably made of alloy steel (such as Alloy 800). The heat-insulating protec-tive compound will consist in most cases of a commercially available ramming compound, which has a certain porosity.
Embodiments. features of the hot gas line will be ex-plained with reference to the drawing, in which Figure 1 is a schematic showing of two reactors provided with hot gas lines and Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a tee, which is included in a hot gas line and provided with a tubular sensing port.
Figure 1 illustrates one of the numerous ways in which hot gas lines may be employed. In a tubular heater 1, which comprises -numerous tubes 2, which are filled with a granular catalyst (such as a nickel catalyst),matural gas from line 3 is reacted at temperatures in the range from 700 to 1000°C with steam from line 4 to produce a raw synthesis gas. The tubes 2 are disposed in a combustion chamber 5, which is flown through by hot combustion gas and is provided with numerous burners 6, only one of which is shown in Figure 1.
The burners 6 are supplied with fuel, such as natural gas, and with air by means known per se, which are not shown.
The hot product gas formed in the tubes 2 is rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide and is collected and together with further natural gas from line 9 is supplied to an auto-thermic cracking reactor 10 through a first hot gas line 8.
r... _ 5 _ The reaction in the reactor 10 is effected with oxygen sup-plied through line 11 and steam supplied through line 12 and takes place on a bed 13 formed by a granular catalyst, which may also consist of a nickel catalyst. Hot product gas at a temperature in the range from 800 to 1300°C is with-drawn in a second hot gas line 14. That product gas is a raw synthesis gas, which usually contains at least 60% by volume H2 + CO and is processed further, e.g., for use in the syn-thesis of ammonia or methanol. In a modification of the pro-cess illustrated in Figure 1, raw synthesis gases may be pro-duced without the use of a catalyst in that carbonaceous ma-terials are gasified in known manner.
Details of the hot gas line 8 or 14 will be ex-plained with reference to Figure 2, which shows the particu-larly critical region in which two lines are joined by a tee.
The main components of the hot gas line consist of the sheath tube 17, the heat-insulating protective compound 18, and the protective tube, which is composed of a plurality of sections 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24. The section 22 of the protective tube is a tee, which comprises a horizontal pipe 22a and a vertical pipe 22b. The sections are separated by a gap, which is con-stituted by an open butt joint 25. Adjacent to each of the open butt joints 25, the ends of the tube sections are covered by a tubular portion 26 and a conical metal ring 27 is pro-vided. That metal ring 27 is joined to one tube section and to the sheath tube 17, e.g.~, by welding, to act as a gas barrier ' '6' in the region between the protective tube and the sheath tube.
A tubular sensing port 36 is provided in the sec-tion 21 of the protective tube and is joined at one end to the protective tube and at the other end to the sheath tube 17. A portion of that tubular sensing port constitutes a com-pensator 37, which will take up length changes resulting from temperature changes. If that compensator 37 were not provided, an open butt joint would be required through which hot gas might escape and flow as far as to the inside surface of the sheath tube. This is now prevented at that point.
The protective tube section 22 which consists of a tee comprises in its horizontal pipe 22a two compensators 28, each of which consists of annular metal bellows. The two compensators 28 will take up the length changes which result in the horizontal pipe 22a of the protective tube section 22 from temperature changes. The two ends of that horizontal pipe 22a are fixedly joined by metal rings 27 to the sheath tube 17. In case of length changes of the vertical pipa 22b of the tube section 22 its free end can move into the open butt joint 25 provided adjacent thereto.
As is apparent from the drawing a small amount of the hot gas flowing in the direction of arrows 30, 30a, 31, 31a, and 31b may enter the open butt joints 25 and may flow approximately as far as to the inside surface of the sheath tube. But the conical joining ring 27 associated with each section of the protective tube will prevent a constant follow-_ ~ _~1~'~'~ ~8 up flow of additional hot gas because that ring will act as a gas barrier. The small amount of hot gas which is present in the open butt joint 25 will deliver its heat content out-wardly to the sheath tube so that a stagnant cushion of cooled gas will be formed, by which a flow of additional hot gas in-to the open butt joint will substantially be prevented and, as a result, that gas can exert only a negligibly small ef-fect on the sheath tube. Besides, an elastic filler consist-ing, e.g., of ceramic fibers may be provided in the open butt joints 25; this has not been shown in the drawing for the sake of clarity.
To decrease the pressure drop in the flowing gas, the compensators 28 are covered by a guide tube 35, which has smooth surfaces and has an angled rim 35a, which is welded to the section 22a of the protective tube.
Product gases which are conducted through hot gas lines of that kind may consist, e.g., of raw synthesis gases.
Such gases may be produced, e.g., by a cracking of natural gas, by a gasification of liquid hydrocarbons, or by a gasifi-cation of coal. Suitable processes and reactors for such pro-cesses have been described fn Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Indus-trial Chemistry, 5th edition, Volume A12, pages 192 to 208.
They include, inter alia, a tubular heater, details fo which are known from OE-A-43 27 176.
The hot gas line which conducts hot product gases, ~~.~7'~ ~~
which contain H2 and CO, comprises a protective tube, which is divided into sections, so that length changes of the protective tube caused by temperature changes will not be restricted and will not result in a deflection or destruction of the protective tube. For this reason the protective tube cannot be designed to be perfectly gastight but an open butt joint is required between two sections of the tube so that the tube sections can elongate in response to a temperature rise.
It has been found that small side streams of the hot gas can constantly escape through the open butt joints of the hot gas line and can flow as far as to the inside surface of the sheath tube so that hot spots will undesirably result on the sheath tube after a prolonged operation. Besides, the carbon monoxide will attack the sheath tube, which is usually made of steel, so that the formation of carbides will result in metal dusting, by which the tube will be weakened. and may even be destroyed.
According to the present invention, there is provided a hot gas line for conducting a product gas , which contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide and is the result of a reaction of gaseous, liquid, or solid fuels and is at temperatures in the range from 600 to 1500°C, which hot gas line comprises an outer sheath tube, an inner protective tube, which is subdivided into sections, and a protective layer, which consists of a heat-insulating protective compound and is disposed between the protective tube and the sheath tube characterized in that at least one section of the protective tube comprises a compensator, which consists of metal bellows, which will take up the length change of the section of the protective tube.
Preferably, the protective tube section which is provided with a compensator is secured to the sheath tube by at least one annular joint, which acts as a gas barrier.
The joint which is provided between the protective tube section and the sheath tube and acts as a gas barrier will ensure that a constant gas flow, even at a very low rate, cannot occur in the region between the sheath tube and the protective tube section.
A compensator will generally be provided near a portion of the protective tube in which length changes of the protective tube section will occur in different directions. Such length changes in different directions may occur adj acent to tees and bends . Unless elastic metal belows are provided, it will be necessary in such critical regions to provide two open butt joints which are closely spaced apart in order to allow for length changes of the tube sections in two different directions. Experience has shown that disturbing hot spots will preferably occur in such regions of known hot gas lines in such cases . Because the protective tube section is provided in accordance with the invention with at least one metal bellows compensator in such a critical region, the number of open butt joints can be decreased and the gas barrier will prevent a constant flow of hot gas to the inside surface of the sheath tube.
The present invention also concerns a hot gas line for conducting a product gas at a temperature in the range from 600 to 1500°C, the product gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide and resulting of a reaction of gaseous, liquid, or solid fuels, the hot gas line comprising:
- an outer sheath tube;
- an inner protective tube subdivided into sections respectively separated by a gap constituted by an open butt joint; and - a protective layer consisting of a heat-insulating protective compound, disposed between the protective tube and the sheath tube; wherein:
3a -at least one of said sections of the protective tube comprises a compensator for taking up a length change of said at least one section, the compensator consisting of metal bellows provided near a portion of the protective tube where said length changes will occur in different directions;
-said at least one section is secured to the outer sheath tube by at least one annular joint located adjacent a respective one of said open butt joint, said annular joint is acting as a gas barrier and comprises a tubular portion and a conical metal ring joined to an inner surface of the outer sheath tube; and -said at least one section is provided with a guide tube covering the metal bellows.
Because the protective tube designed in accordance with the invention will effectively protect the sheath tube, the sheath tube may be made at low cost from a relatively low-grade steel, such as plain carbon steel.
The sections of the protective tube and the metal bellows are preferably made of alloy steel (such as Alloy 800). The heat-insulating protec-tive compound will consist in most cases of a commercially available ramming compound, which has a certain porosity.
Embodiments. features of the hot gas line will be ex-plained with reference to the drawing, in which Figure 1 is a schematic showing of two reactors provided with hot gas lines and Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a tee, which is included in a hot gas line and provided with a tubular sensing port.
Figure 1 illustrates one of the numerous ways in which hot gas lines may be employed. In a tubular heater 1, which comprises -numerous tubes 2, which are filled with a granular catalyst (such as a nickel catalyst),matural gas from line 3 is reacted at temperatures in the range from 700 to 1000°C with steam from line 4 to produce a raw synthesis gas. The tubes 2 are disposed in a combustion chamber 5, which is flown through by hot combustion gas and is provided with numerous burners 6, only one of which is shown in Figure 1.
The burners 6 are supplied with fuel, such as natural gas, and with air by means known per se, which are not shown.
The hot product gas formed in the tubes 2 is rich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide and is collected and together with further natural gas from line 9 is supplied to an auto-thermic cracking reactor 10 through a first hot gas line 8.
r... _ 5 _ The reaction in the reactor 10 is effected with oxygen sup-plied through line 11 and steam supplied through line 12 and takes place on a bed 13 formed by a granular catalyst, which may also consist of a nickel catalyst. Hot product gas at a temperature in the range from 800 to 1300°C is with-drawn in a second hot gas line 14. That product gas is a raw synthesis gas, which usually contains at least 60% by volume H2 + CO and is processed further, e.g., for use in the syn-thesis of ammonia or methanol. In a modification of the pro-cess illustrated in Figure 1, raw synthesis gases may be pro-duced without the use of a catalyst in that carbonaceous ma-terials are gasified in known manner.
Details of the hot gas line 8 or 14 will be ex-plained with reference to Figure 2, which shows the particu-larly critical region in which two lines are joined by a tee.
The main components of the hot gas line consist of the sheath tube 17, the heat-insulating protective compound 18, and the protective tube, which is composed of a plurality of sections 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24. The section 22 of the protective tube is a tee, which comprises a horizontal pipe 22a and a vertical pipe 22b. The sections are separated by a gap, which is con-stituted by an open butt joint 25. Adjacent to each of the open butt joints 25, the ends of the tube sections are covered by a tubular portion 26 and a conical metal ring 27 is pro-vided. That metal ring 27 is joined to one tube section and to the sheath tube 17, e.g.~, by welding, to act as a gas barrier ' '6' in the region between the protective tube and the sheath tube.
A tubular sensing port 36 is provided in the sec-tion 21 of the protective tube and is joined at one end to the protective tube and at the other end to the sheath tube 17. A portion of that tubular sensing port constitutes a com-pensator 37, which will take up length changes resulting from temperature changes. If that compensator 37 were not provided, an open butt joint would be required through which hot gas might escape and flow as far as to the inside surface of the sheath tube. This is now prevented at that point.
The protective tube section 22 which consists of a tee comprises in its horizontal pipe 22a two compensators 28, each of which consists of annular metal bellows. The two compensators 28 will take up the length changes which result in the horizontal pipe 22a of the protective tube section 22 from temperature changes. The two ends of that horizontal pipe 22a are fixedly joined by metal rings 27 to the sheath tube 17. In case of length changes of the vertical pipa 22b of the tube section 22 its free end can move into the open butt joint 25 provided adjacent thereto.
As is apparent from the drawing a small amount of the hot gas flowing in the direction of arrows 30, 30a, 31, 31a, and 31b may enter the open butt joints 25 and may flow approximately as far as to the inside surface of the sheath tube. But the conical joining ring 27 associated with each section of the protective tube will prevent a constant follow-_ ~ _~1~'~'~ ~8 up flow of additional hot gas because that ring will act as a gas barrier. The small amount of hot gas which is present in the open butt joint 25 will deliver its heat content out-wardly to the sheath tube so that a stagnant cushion of cooled gas will be formed, by which a flow of additional hot gas in-to the open butt joint will substantially be prevented and, as a result, that gas can exert only a negligibly small ef-fect on the sheath tube. Besides, an elastic filler consist-ing, e.g., of ceramic fibers may be provided in the open butt joints 25; this has not been shown in the drawing for the sake of clarity.
To decrease the pressure drop in the flowing gas, the compensators 28 are covered by a guide tube 35, which has smooth surfaces and has an angled rim 35a, which is welded to the section 22a of the protective tube.
Claims
1. A hot gas line for conducting a product gas at a temperature in the range from 600 to 1500°C, the product gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide and resulting of a reaction of gaseous, liquid, or solid fuels, the hot gas line comprising:
- an outer sheath tube;
- an inner protective tube subdivided into sections respectively separated by a gap constituted by an open butt joint; and - a protective layer consisting of a heat-insulating protective compound, disposed between the protective tube and the sheath tube; wherein:
- at least one of said sections of the protective tube comprises a compensator for taking up a length change of said at least one section, the compensator consisting of metal bellows provided near a portion of the protective tube where said length changes will occur in different directions;
- said at least one section is secured to the outer sheath tube by at least one annular joint located adjacent a respective one of said open butt joint, said annular joint is acting as a gas barrier and comprises a tubular portion and a conical metal ring joined to an inner surface of the outer sheath tube; and - said at least one section is provided with a guide tube covering the metal bellows.
- an outer sheath tube;
- an inner protective tube subdivided into sections respectively separated by a gap constituted by an open butt joint; and - a protective layer consisting of a heat-insulating protective compound, disposed between the protective tube and the sheath tube; wherein:
- at least one of said sections of the protective tube comprises a compensator for taking up a length change of said at least one section, the compensator consisting of metal bellows provided near a portion of the protective tube where said length changes will occur in different directions;
- said at least one section is secured to the outer sheath tube by at least one annular joint located adjacent a respective one of said open butt joint, said annular joint is acting as a gas barrier and comprises a tubular portion and a conical metal ring joined to an inner surface of the outer sheath tube; and - said at least one section is provided with a guide tube covering the metal bellows.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4431954.1 | 1994-09-08 | ||
| DE4431954A DE4431954C1 (en) | 1994-09-08 | 1994-09-08 | Hot gas pipe for conveying gas with hydrogen and carbon monoxide content |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2157748A1 CA2157748A1 (en) | 1996-03-09 |
| CA2157748C true CA2157748C (en) | 2005-02-01 |
Family
ID=6527686
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002157748A Expired - Lifetime CA2157748C (en) | 1994-09-08 | 1995-09-07 | Hot gas line for gases containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0701087A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1048085C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU713896B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2157748C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4431954C1 (en) |
| MY (1) | MY115373A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ272891A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2106563C1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA957566B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2894316B1 (en) * | 2005-12-05 | 2011-04-15 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | HOT GAS TRANSPORT DRIVING ELEMENT AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SUCH A COMPONENT |
| DE102008045689A1 (en) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-11 | Löw, Manfred | Pipeline, particularly double-walled pipeline for pipe system of gas station or tank system, for transport of liquid or gaseous fluid, has outer pipe and inner pipe arranged in interior of outer pipe |
| CN102278560A (en) * | 2011-07-01 | 2011-12-14 | 江苏宏鑫旋转补偿器科技有限公司 | Rotary compensator-based closed petroleum and petrochemical torch horizontal pipeline deformation compensating system |
| CA3060620C (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2023-03-14 | Suncor Energy Inc. | Liner for insulating high temperature process piping against thermal fatigue failure |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3885595A (en) * | 1974-01-28 | 1975-05-27 | Kaiser Aerospace & Electronics | Conduit for cryogenic fluid transportation |
| FR2301761A1 (en) * | 1975-02-24 | 1976-09-17 | Technigaz | CONDUCT FOR THE TRANSPORT OF A FLUID WHOSE TEMPERATURE IS DIFFERENT FROM THE AMBIENT TEMPERATURE |
| DE8600029U1 (en) * | 1986-01-02 | 1986-03-06 | Witzenmann GmbH Metallschlauch-Fabrik Pforzheim, 75175 Pforzheim | Device for the elastic connection of two casing pipelines |
| DE8808825U1 (en) * | 1988-07-08 | 1989-11-09 | ASINEL, Asociación de Investigación Industrial Eléctrica, Madrid | Pipe element for a hot gas line |
| DE4327176C1 (en) * | 1993-08-13 | 1995-01-26 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Tube furnace for the production of gas mixtures containing carbon monoxide |
-
1994
- 1994-09-08 DE DE4431954A patent/DE4431954C1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-08-28 EP EP95113464A patent/EP0701087A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-08-30 NZ NZ272891A patent/NZ272891A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-09-05 MY MYPI95002614A patent/MY115373A/en unknown
- 1995-09-06 AU AU30485/95A patent/AU713896B2/en not_active Expired
- 1995-09-07 RU RU95115131A patent/RU2106563C1/en active
- 1995-09-07 CA CA002157748A patent/CA2157748C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-08 CN CN95116238A patent/CN1048085C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-08 ZA ZA957566A patent/ZA957566B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NZ272891A (en) | 1997-11-24 |
| DE4431954C1 (en) | 1995-11-09 |
| AU3048595A (en) | 1996-03-21 |
| ZA957566B (en) | 1997-03-10 |
| CN1048085C (en) | 2000-01-05 |
| CA2157748A1 (en) | 1996-03-09 |
| MY115373A (en) | 2003-05-31 |
| AU713896B2 (en) | 1999-12-16 |
| RU2106563C1 (en) | 1998-03-10 |
| CN1125302A (en) | 1996-06-26 |
| EP0701087A1 (en) | 1996-03-13 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |
Effective date: 20150908 |