CA2149858C - Dry distillation gasification combustion equipment dry distillation gas generator, and combustion gas burner unit - Google Patents
Dry distillation gasification combustion equipment dry distillation gas generator, and combustion gas burner unitInfo
- Publication number
- CA2149858C CA2149858C CA002149858A CA2149858A CA2149858C CA 2149858 C CA2149858 C CA 2149858C CA 002149858 A CA002149858 A CA 002149858A CA 2149858 A CA2149858 A CA 2149858A CA 2149858 C CA2149858 C CA 2149858C
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- air
- combustion
- gas
- combustion chamber
- dry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
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- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
There is employed a configuration such that a dry distillation gas generator for generating a dry distillation gas and a combustion gas burner unit for completely burning a gasified fuel are completely partitioned or divided, thus attempting to improve respective functions as far as possible. The section of the air supply means of the dry distillation gas generator is improved, and an impurity separation tank is provided in the middle portion connecting the dry distillation gas generator and the combustion gas burner unit to improve cleanness of the distillation gas. The combustion gas burner unit carries out combustion while sufficiently agitating and mixing an air blown off and supplied from the openings of the first and second air supply sections within a cylindrical burner body heated in advance, thus attempting to realize a complete combustion of a higher level. A dry distillation gasification combustion equipment is characterized in that a gas conduit is connected to a dry distillation gas outlet of the dry distillation gas generator, that an impurity separation tank is provided in the middle of the gas conduit, and that the combustion gas burner unit is connected or joined to the front end portion of the gas conduit. In the dry distillation gas generator, an air chamber and an air blowoff section communicating with the air chamber are disposed on the bottom portion of the tank furnace. An air supplied is caused to softly and evenly spread over the entirety of the bottom surface along the air vent recessed portion around the air dispersion cap. The combustion gas burner unit is such that a preheat burner section, and first and second air supply sections are provided in the cylindrical burner body. Thus, an air blown off and supplied from the opening of the first air supply section is agitated and mixed with a combustion gas. Further, an air pre-heated at the air storage layer is supplied from the second air supply section, thus making it possible to agitate and mix the air with the combustion gas in the vicinity of the combustion opening portion. The dry distillation gasification combustion equipment thus featured is provided.
Description
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 COMBUSTION GAS BURNER UNIT FOR DISTILLATION
GASIFICATION COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT
This application is a divisional of Can~ n patent application number 2,076,651 5 entitled "DISTILLATION GASIFICATION COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT AND DRY
DISTILLATION GAS GENERATOR THEREFOR".
This invention relates to a combustion gas burner unit suitable for use in combination with a dry ~ till~tion gas generator adapted for heating a solid fuel, e.g., a high molecular weight material such as rubber or plastic, etc., or tire, etc. to convert o the solid fuel to a combustible gas by heat decomposition, the combination forming a dry ~i~till~tion gasification combustion equipment. Our copending application number2,076,651 discloses and claims such a dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment and a dry (li~till~tion gas generator for use therewith.
A solid fuel combustion equipment with an upward combustion system disclosed in Japanese Laid Open Patent Application No. 231307/1984 has a combustion unit provided on a fli~till~tion unit for collvellhlg a solid fuel to a tli~till~tion gas. A heat exchange unit is provided at the upper part thereof to generate a ~ till~tion gas at the lower part thereof and to burn this gas as it rises through the heat exchange unit. An air supply means delivers a small quantity of air at the bottom portion of the distillation unit.
It is seen from the figure that an upward air-supply opening is bored at the bottom portion thereof.
While it can be said that the above-described equipment is, in principle, a sortof dry cli~till~tion gasification combustion equipment, it is only a structure in which the dry (ii~till~tion unit and the combustion unit are continuous in upper and lower directions 2 5 It is not a structure in which both units are clearly partitioned.
Referring to the dry distillation unit of this equipment, insufficient consideration is given to gellel~lion efficiency of the dry distillation gas and to making the dry tli~till~tion gasification process as clean as possible. Therefore, ellvilolllllental problems such as the generation of soot and smoke or dust, or odor remain unsolved.
GASIFICATION COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT
This application is a divisional of Can~ n patent application number 2,076,651 5 entitled "DISTILLATION GASIFICATION COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT AND DRY
DISTILLATION GAS GENERATOR THEREFOR".
This invention relates to a combustion gas burner unit suitable for use in combination with a dry ~ till~tion gas generator adapted for heating a solid fuel, e.g., a high molecular weight material such as rubber or plastic, etc., or tire, etc. to convert o the solid fuel to a combustible gas by heat decomposition, the combination forming a dry ~i~till~tion gasification combustion equipment. Our copending application number2,076,651 discloses and claims such a dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment and a dry (li~till~tion gas generator for use therewith.
A solid fuel combustion equipment with an upward combustion system disclosed in Japanese Laid Open Patent Application No. 231307/1984 has a combustion unit provided on a fli~till~tion unit for collvellhlg a solid fuel to a tli~till~tion gas. A heat exchange unit is provided at the upper part thereof to generate a ~ till~tion gas at the lower part thereof and to burn this gas as it rises through the heat exchange unit. An air supply means delivers a small quantity of air at the bottom portion of the distillation unit.
It is seen from the figure that an upward air-supply opening is bored at the bottom portion thereof.
While it can be said that the above-described equipment is, in principle, a sortof dry cli~till~tion gasification combustion equipment, it is only a structure in which the dry (ii~till~tion unit and the combustion unit are continuous in upper and lower directions 2 5 It is not a structure in which both units are clearly partitioned.
Referring to the dry distillation unit of this equipment, insufficient consideration is given to gellel~lion efficiency of the dry distillation gas and to making the dry tli~till~tion gasification process as clean as possible. Therefore, ellvilolllllental problems such as the generation of soot and smoke or dust, or odor remain unsolved.
3 o The few air supply holes bored in the bottom of this unit tend to become choked or clogged up with ashes from the combustion taking place therein. Consequently,unstable performance of the apparatus reduces the production efficiency of the dry till~tion gas; or stoppage of production of the (li.ctill~tion occurs.
,~, CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 - To continue operation, an operator must clean out the small air supply holes by inserting a driver, or the like, into individual holes to scrape away ashes thelerrolll. This is tedious work, and its necessity substantially reduces the effectiveness of the equipment.
As stated above, the conventional equipment is unsatisfactory in its efficiency in the production of dry ~i.ctill~tion gas, the generation of clean dry ~lictill~tion gas, and in its performance stability. In addition, the difficulty in cle~ning and mahllellallce are substantial drawbacks.
Further, the combustion unit of this prior-art unit burns dry distillation gas only o within a broad combustion chamber wheleill dry tlictill~tion gas is mixed with air together with soot and smoke or dust, etc. Accordingly, it is impossible to adjust combustion to attain complete, clean, combustion.
A gasification fuel combustion equipment for burning gasified fuel obtained by means such as dry ~ till~tion, etc. is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No.
29365/1990. In this equipment, as in the equipment of the invention of this application, the combustion equipment of the burner system is adapted for completely burning a fuel once gasified by dry ~ till~tion or other means.
However, since this prior art equipment uses a rectification cylinder within a cylindrical combustion chamber, thus to agitate and mix air blown off from small holes with combustion gas, this equipment is satisfactory when use begins, but such holes become clogged after a little use. Furthermore, the internal structure is complicated, and its cleaning and/or mainle~ ce are very difficult.
An object of the present invention is to provide a combustion gas burner suitable for use with a dry ~lictill~t~ gas generator according to our copending application number 2 5 2,076,65 l or with a conventional dry ~li.ctill~tion gasification combustion equipment that provides complete stable combustion with a clean, ~llvirolllnentally acceptable exhaust.
Studies on the technical problems to be solved by the present invention are as follows. Since the combustion burner unit is exposed to high temperature at all times, it can become damaged, and permit bulllillg materials to be ejected, or to become attached thereto. For this reason, frequent mailllellallce of this type of equipment is expected. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention employ a combustion burner unit having a burner with a simple internal structure having few, if any, uneven portions, so that cleaning is simplified.
~,, CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 ~ To resist the high temperatures of combustion, the cylindrical burner body of the combustion burner unit of embodiments of the present invention is made of materials having excellent heat resisting properties. In order to realize complete combustion, the combustion burner unit provides excellent agitation and mixture of fuel with air to 5 improve the combustion speed and/or efficiency.
The technical problem of the dry (li~till~tion gas gellel~tol will now be described.
In order to burn and heat a solid fuel, e.g., high molecular weight material such as rubber or plastic, or tires, etc., within a dry tli~till~tion gas generator, in order to produce a dry ~ till~tion gasified fuel by thermal decomposition, the oxygen supply for 10 combustion must be controlled to a value low enough to allow a limited weak combustion state to last for a long time, but high enough to burn a sufficient portion of the solid fuel to thermally decompose the remainder. This requires the amount of combustion heat to be sufficient to allow only a portion of solid fuel to burn weakly over a long time, while the combustion heat decomposes the rem~in-ler of the solid fuel to a gaseous fuel.
However, it is a difficult technical problem to m~int~in and control the dry till~tion conditions through control of the combustion heating system to gellela~e a stable supply of clean combustible gas from a solid fuel such as tires. In the prior art, satisfactory combustible gas was not achievable.
In actual terms, it is first pointed out that controlling the air supply to m~int~in 2 o (li~till~tion conditions in which combustion and heating are well-b~l~n~e~l is technically difficult.
Secondly, it is difficult to deliver air in a gentle even lllallller to reduce expulsion of soot and dust such as carbon, etc. and thereby produce clean combustible gas in a stable manner.
Thirdly, many solid fuels such as, for example, tires, contain ~ ulilies which, when burned and heated, produce byproduct illl~ulilies such as tar, carbon, wire, spike tire pins or sand. These byproduct illllJuliLies can melt together to produce solid waste, be reduced to ashes, or otherwise result in unburned residual material. Such residual material can clog air blowoff openings. Such clogging destabilizes the supply of air, thus m~king it difficult to m~int~in stable combustion in which the conditions for dry till~tion are satisfied.
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 Fourthly, it is difficult to find an easy way to elimin~te residual illl~uliLies within a dry ~ till~tion gas gellel~tol to simplify cleaning thereof, thus to plevellL lowering of the distillation gas gelleration long-term efficiency.
The invention of copending application number 2,076,651 contemplates solving 5 the technical problems as described above.
The technical problem concerning the dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment will be now described.
In recent dry ~ till~tion g~ifi~tion combustion equipment, the key problems are how to stably produce clean combustible gas from a solid fuel in the dry (li~till~tion gas 10 generator and how to burn the combustible gas in the combustion gas burner unit.
However, there is the problem that, while a double combustion system may be employed merely to burn a solid fuel primarily within a dry distillation gas generator to generate dry ~ till~tion gas and secondarily to burn it at the combustion unit, thereby to burn it with an efficiency as high as possible, such a system cannot cope with the recent 15 environmental problem such as soot and smoke or dust, or odor, etc.
The inventor of copending application number 2,076,651 contemplates a dry ~li.ctill~tion gas generator for gellel~lhlg dry ~i~till~tion gas and a combustion gas burner unit for completely burning gasified fuel which are completely partitioned or divided, thus to improve respective functions thereof as far as possible. Especially, the inventor 2 o has drawn attention to the fact that, in order to burn a solid fuel completely enough to prevent the production of soot, smoke or odor, etc., the dry distillation gas must be as clean as possible, with a predetermined quantity of the dry ~ till~tion gas produced in a stable state at all times. With the above in view, the inventor has advantageously adopted a scheme to improve first the portions of the dry tli.~till~tion gas generator and 25 the air supply means, and to provide an illll~ufi~y separation tank in the middle of a gas conduit interconnPcting the dry (li~till~tion gas generator and the combustion gas burner unit to improve cle~nlinP-s~ of dry cli~till~tion gas delivered into the combustion gas burner unit.
There is disclosed and claimed in copending application number 2,076,651 a dry 3 o ~i.ctill~tion gasification combustion equipment comprising:
a dry ~ till~tion gas generator;
said dry ~ till~tion gas gellelatol including a tank furnace;
an air chamber in a bottom of said tank furnace;
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 an air blowoff section co,,,~ ir~ting from said air chamber to a bottom portion of said tank furnace;
said air blowoff section including an air vent recessed portion bored in a bottom surface of said tank furnace, an air duct allowing for pc, Illill i"g air from said air chamber to pass to a center of said air vent recessed portion;
an air dispersion cap fitted into an opening of said air duct;
an upper surface of said air dispersion cap forming a portion of a bottom surface of said tank furnace;
a blowoff opening about a cil.;ulllfercl~ce of said air dispersion cap;
said blowoff opening supplying air from said air duct in a decelerated and dispersed state substantially uniformly into the tank furnace from said circumference of said blowoff opening;
said air softly and evenly spreading over the entire bottom surface of said tankfurnace;
a fuel door in said tank furnace, effective for pe~ " ~ g entry of a dry fuel into said tank furnace;
said fuel door being openable and closeable;
a dry ~i~till~tion gas outlet from said tank furnace;
2 o a combustion gas burner unit;
a gas conduit con/1-~cting dry ~i~till~tion gas from said dry (li~till~tion gas outlet to said combustion gas burner unit;
said combustion gas burner unit including a burner body;
a combustion chamber in said combustion gas burner unit receiving gas from said gas conduit;
said combustion chamber including a preheat burner section for igniting a pilot at a position close to an u~sllcalll end of said combustion chamber;
an air storage layer ~ulloulldhlg an outer cilculllfelclllial surface of an inter~n~ te portion of said combustion chamber;
3 o a first air supply section skewed an angle for injecting air rotating in a spiral from the outside through a side wall of said combustion chamber;
a second air supply section skewed at an angle for injecting air in a spiral from said air storage layer through said side wall;
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 said air injected by said second air supply section being preheated in said air storage layer and injected in said combustion chamber at a position dowl~llcalll of the injection of air by said first air supply section; and an hll~ulily separation tank in said gas conduit at a position intermediate said tank furnace and said combustion gas burner unit for sepal~ g hll~ul;Lies from said dry distillation gas before applying it to said combustion gas burner unit.
There is further disclosed and claimed in the copending application a dry till~tion g~ifi~tion combustion equipment colllplisillg:
a tank furnace;
o means for entering a solid fuel in said tank furnace;
a cooling layer about a substantial portion of said tank furnace;
a bottom of said tank furnace including a triple layer structure including first, second and third layers;
said first layer including a heat resisting material;
said second layer including a cooling layer;
said third layer including an air chamber;
a plurality of air blowoff portions in said bottom;
each of said air blowoff portions an air vent recessed portion bored in said first layer and an air duct collullunicating air from said air chamber to said air vent recessed 2 o portion;
an air dispersion cap fitted into each air duct;
an upper surface of each air dispersion cap forming a portion of said first layer;
means for pe~lliL~ g air to pass said air dispersion cap substantially ullirolmly in a decelerated and dispersed state in a lateral direction into the tank furnace from a blowoff opening on a circumference of each air dispersion cap toward the lateraldirection, the supplied air softly and evenly spreading over the entire bottom surface along the air vent recessed portion around the air dispersion cap;
a combustion gas burner unit;
said combustion gas burner unit including a burner body;
3 o a gas conduit section comleclillg dry ~i~till~te fuel gas from said tank furnace to said combustion gas burner;
said burner body including a combustion chamber;
a preheat burner section at an U~Sl~ end of said combustion chamber;
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 a pilot in said preheat burner for i~niting said dry rli~till~te gas;
an air storage layer surrounding a substantial cil-;ulllfelclllial portion of said;
a first air supply section opening from the outside through a side wall of said burner body at an angle rotated in a spiral;
a second air supply section opening from said air supply layer through said sidewall at an angle rotated in a spiral;
said first air supply section entering said burner body at a position upstream of a position where said second air supply section enters said burner body;
air in said air supply layer being preheated before being injected into said burner lo body; and an illl~uliLy separation tank at an intermediate position in said gas conduit for removing imL,ulilies from said dry distillation gas.
There is yet further disclosed and claimed in the copending application a dry ~listill~tion gas generator colllplising:
a tank furnace;
a combustion chamber in said tank furnace;
means for entering a fuel into said combustion chamber;
a dry ~li.ctill~tion gas outlet from said combustion chamber;
an air chamber below a bottom of said combustion chamber;
an air blow-off section co~ ir~ting air from said air chamber to a bottom portion of said tank furnace;
said air blowoff section including at least one air vent recessed portion bored in a bottom surface of said combustion chamber;
an air duct colllllllll~ ting air from said air chamber to said at least one air vent 2 5 recessed portion;
an air dispersion cap fitted into said air duct;
an upper surface of said air dispersion cap forming a portion of said bottom surface;
a blowoff opening about a chculllrelcllce of said air dispersion cap;
3 o said blowoff opening supplying air radially thelcrlolll substantially uniformly in a decelerated and dispersed state into said tank furnace, the supplied air softly and evenly spreading over said bottom surface.
A
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 ~ There is still further disclosed and claimed in the copending application a dry till~tion gas generator comprising:
a tank furnace;
a fuel door in said tank furnace adapted to being opened and closed;
a dry ~ till~tion gas outlet from said tank furnace;
a cooling layer surrounding a substantial portion of an outer chculllfelclllial surface of the tank furnace;
a bottom portion of said tank furnace including f1rst, second and third layers;
said first layer being a heat resisting material;
said second layer being a cooling layer below said first layer;
said third layer being an air chamber below said cooling layer;
a plurality of air blowoff portions in said bottom portion;
each air blowoff portion including an air vent recessed portion bored in said first layer;
an air duct co~ nicating air from said air chamber to said air vent recessed portion;
an air dispersion cap being fitted into said air duct;
an upper surface of said air dispersion cap forming a portion of said a bottom surface of said tank furnace;
2 o means for permhting air entering said tank furnace to be supplied radially from said air dispersion cap and to enter said tank furnace substantially uniformly in a decelerated and dispersed state and to softly and evenly spread over the entire bottom surface along the air vent recessed portion around the air dispersion cap.
Yet further, there is disclosed and claimed in such copending application a dry distillate gas generator colllplising:
a tank furnace;
means for loading a solid fuel in said tank furnace;
a bottom in said tank furnace;
an air chamber below said bottom;
an air duct col-n~-clil-g said air chamber through said bottom;
an air dispersion cap in a top of said air duct;
a tapered lower surface on said air dispersion cap;
at least one projection on said tapered lower surface;
~','.
~.
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 said at least one projection being effective for m~int~ining said tapered lower surface out of contact with said air duct, whereby at least one blow-off hole ism~int~inl-~ between said tapered lower surface and said air duct; and said blow-off hole being inclined to enter air above said bottom generally radially, and in a slow, gentle flow.
Still further, there is disclosed and claimed in such copending application a dry distillate gas generator and a combustion ap~aldLus comprising:
a tank furnace;
sealable means for adding a solid fuel to said tank furnace;
l o means for flowing air into a bottom of said tank furnace in a generally radial flow across said bottom, in a flow effective to combust no more than a portion of said solid fuel, and to thermally decompose a rem~intler of said solid fuel to produce a dry ~li.ctill~te gas;
a combustion chamber;
a gas conduit conlle~ g said dry ~ till~te gas from said tank furnace to said combustion chamber;
an illl~Ulily separation tank in said gas conduit;
an air storage layer surrounding said combustion chamber;
a preheat burner in an upstream end of said combustion chamber;
2 o means for injecting a first supply of air from outside said combustion chamber into said combustion chamber dowl~ alll of said preheat burner;
means for injecting a second supply of air from said air storage layer into saidcombustion chamber dowl~ alll of an injection point of first supply of air; and said first means for injecting and said second means for injecting including means for spiralling air injected into said combustion chamber whereby agitation and mixing of air with said dry distillate gas is enabled.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combustion gas burner unit comprising:
a burner body having a longitllrlin~l axis;
3 o a gas conduit portion at bottom end portion of said burner body;
a combustion chamber in said burner body;
a preheat burner section for igniting a pilot at a position close to an upstream end of said combustion chamber;
, ~, CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 an air storage layer ~ulloundillg a substantial portion of a cil-;ulllrelcllce of said combustion chamber;
a first air supply section from outside to an interior of said combustion chamber, skewed at a first angle for rotating injected air in a spiral;
a second air supply section from said air storage layer to said interior, skewedat a second angle for rotating air injected air in a spiral;
said second angle having a shallower forward angle with respect to said longit~l~lin~l axis than said first angle, thereby producing a higher component of air velocity along axis of said burner body;
o an injection point of said first air supply section being upstream of an injection point of said second air supply section;
air injected through said second air supply section being preheated in said air storage layer; and said first and second angles being effective for ~git~ting and mixing a dry (1i~till~te fuel gas with air from said first and second air supply sections.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combustion appal~lus for burning a fuel gas comprising:
a combustion chamber;
an air storage layer ~ulroullding said combustion chamber;
2 0 said air storage layer receiving heat from said combustion chamber to preheat air therein;
means for flowing said fuel gas through said combustion chamber;
first means for injecting a first supply of air from outside said combustion chamber into said combustion chamber;
2 5 second means for injecting a second supply of preheated air from said air storage layer into said combustion chamber;
air injected by said second means being injected dowl~ ll of a location at which air is injected by said first means; and said first means and said second means both including means for producing a 3 o spiral flow of air in said combustion chamber, whereby agitation and mixing of said fuel gas with said air is enabled; and said second means including means to produce a higher component of air velocity along a longit~ in~l axis of a burner body than said first means.
,:, CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 In embodiments of either of the foregoing aspects of the present invention, the burner body may be formed of a refractory material such as ceramic.
The dry distillation g~ifi~tion combustion equipment may have a gas conduit conn~cted to a dry ~ till~tion gas outlet of the dry distillation gas generator to provide an impuliLy separation tank in the gas conduit conn~cte(l to the gas burner unit.
When a solid fuel such as a tire, etc. is ~1mitted from the fuel entry portion into the tank furnace and air is a~lmitted from the air chamber at the bottom portion thereof, a predetcllllilled quantity of air is supplied into the dry distillation gas generator through the air blowoff section co~ unicating with the air chamber. Since the air blowoff 0 section is comprised of the air vent recessed portion bored at a suitable portion of the bottom surface of the tank furnace, the air duct con~llul~icates between the air chamber provided at the central portion of the air vent recessed portion and the interior of the tank furnace. The air dispersion cap fitted into the air duct, and the blowoff hole formed at the cil-;umrclclllial side of the air dispersion cap, cause air blown from the air duct to be supplied into the tank furnace in a decelerated and dispersed fashion substantially uniformly and laterally from the blowoff hole such that the supplied air spreads softly and evenly over the entire bottom surface.
When the accommodated solid fuel, such as a tire, etc., is ignited, only the portion of the solid fuel in the vicinity of the bottom portion of the tank furnace where 2 o air spreads is burned.
At that time, the upper surface of the air dispersion cap serves as a portion of the bottom surface of the tank furnace such that there is no projecting portion. Thus, accommodation of the solid fuel is easy.
Where the blowoff hole is formed on the cilcuullfclclltial side of the air dispersion cap, and the air vent recessed portion is formed thercaloulld, there is no possibility of the air blowoff opening being inad~/cllell~ly clogged by the solid fuel. In addition, since air forcefully spreads in a lateral direction through the air vent recessed section, and air which has lost its force is dispersed and supplied softly in an upward direction, there results a state in which air spreads softly and evenly at all times.
3 o As a result, the combustion area of the solid fuel is limited to the portion in the vicinity of the bottom where air is stably supplied, but does not spread over other portions. Such stabilized partial combustion in the vicinity of the bottom portion heats the solid fuel thereabout so that thermal decomposition is produced. Thus, dry ~ till~tion CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 gas is efficiently and stably gellel~t~d. Since, at all times, the air is softly diffused and supplied, there is no possibility that carbon will be picked up to float in the air within the tank furnace, thus pe~"~ g the dry ~ till~tion gas produced to be a clean gas having less h~ ies.
Gas di~till~tion gasification combustion equipment employing the dry di~till~tion gas generator as stated above and making use of the illlL~ulily separation tank provided in the gas conduit to introduce the gas into the combustion gas burner unit efficiently and stably provides a cleaner dry ~ till~tion gas having less illl~,lliLies.
The clean, dry ~ till~tion gas introduced from the gas conduit of the burner body 0 is ~git~ted and mixed, while rotating, with the air blown off and delivered from the opel~illg of the first air supply section within the cylindrical burner body heated in advance by the preheat burner section, and is introduced in a direction of the combustion chamber at the front end thereof. The dry ~ till~tion air thus introduced is ignited by a pilot of the preheating burner unit, and is guided in a direction of the combustion chamber at the front end portion. The dry ~ till~tion gas thus introduced is ignited by a pilot of the preheat burner section, so it is burned while blowing out flame from the combustion chamber. In this in~t~nre, in the vicinity of the combustion chamber, the air preheated by the air storage layer is further delivered from the second air supply portion, and is ~git~tPd and mixed with combustion gas, thus further assisting combustion.
By employing such a configuration, a clean dry di.~till~tion gas is completely burned at the combustion gas burner unit.
Where a cooling layer is provided at the entire outer circumference of the tank furnace, whose bottom portion is of a triple layer structure with the bottom surface made up of a heat resisting material, cooling layer and air chamber, and a cleaning port 2 5 provided at the side portion of the air chamber, the configuration thus featured provides the following effect:
First, the presence of the cooling layer on the entire outer circumference of the tank furnace ~upplesses temperature elevation within the tank furnace to prevent extra or llnnPcess~ry combustion except for portions in the vicinity of the bottom portion of 3 o the solid fuel, thus reducing soot and smoke or dust and floating parti~ tes as much as possible.
Since the bottom portion is a triple layer structure, the high ~elllpel~lule portion on the surface of the bottom has sufficient durability. Further the cooling layer prevents CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 the te~ cl~lulc of the bottom portion of the tank furnace from rising higher than is required. The large air chamber permits an even supply of air over the entire bottom portion. The supplied air is pre-heated.
In addition, the cleaning port at the side of the air chamber permits easy cleaning 5 of ~cl-rn--l~t~-l residual illl~u-ilies that may have dropped through the air duct.
By using the dry di~till~tion gas generator as stated above, the dry distillation gasification combustion equipment efficiently and stably gellcl~les dry distillation gas including less hll~ulilies to allow it to serve as a cleaner dry (li~till~tion gas. This cle~nlin~ss is further improved by the hll~ulily separation tank in the middle of the gas o conduit.
The dry ~lictill~tion gas is sufficiently clean to be completely burned in the combustion gas burner unit.
Briefly stated, a dry di~till~tion gas generator according to copending application number 2,076,651 ge~ L~s a dry ~ till~tion gas for burning in a separate combustion 5 gas burner unit. Air is supplied in a gentle decelerated flow to the bottom of the dry fli~till~tion gas generator in a quantity sufficient to support combustion of a solid fuel in the vicinity of the air supply, but at a low enough volume to prevent the combustion proceeding to other parts of the gas generator, thus thermally decomposing the remainder of the solid fuel to gellel~t~ the dry di~till~te gas. An air chamber surrounds the gas 2 o generator to reduce the temperature to which the solid fuel is exposed. Similarly, an air chamber is disposed below the bottom of the gas generator to supply air to the gas generator, and to moderate the telll~)el~lulc therein. An illl~ulily separation tank in a conduit between the gas ge~ ator and the gas burner unit helps prCVt;lll particulates from entering the gas generator. A preheat burner in the combustion gas burner unit includes 2 5 a pilot to ignite and preheat the gas. A first air injection device injects air from outside the gas burner in a spiral flow to agitate and mix the gas with air. A second air injection device injects air preheated in an air storage layer surrounding the gas burner unit into the gas burner in a spiral flow to further agitate and mix the gas with air. The injection point of the second air injection device is dowl~llcalll of the injection point of the first 3 o air injection device.
The above, and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become app~relll from the following description read in conjunction with the CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 accolllpallyillg dl~wings, in which like l~r~r~llce numerals designate the same elements.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a side view showing a dry distillation ga~ifiration combustion e~lui~lll~lll;
Figure 2 is a front view showing a dry distillation gas generator;
Figure 3 is a longit~l(lin~l cross sectional side elevation showing the structure of the bottom portion within the tank furnace;
Figure 4 is a plan view showing the structure of the bottom portion shown in Figure 3;
0 Figure S is a longitll-lin~l cross sectional side elevation showing the configuration of an air duct of the air blowoff portion;
Figure 6 is a perspective view showing an air dispersion cap;
Figure 7 is a bottom view showing an air dispersion cap;
Figure 8 is a longitll-lin~l cross sectional explanatory view showing the state where the air blowoff portion is attached on the bottom portion;
Figure 9 is a longitll(lin~l cross sectional plan view of a combustion gas burner unit; and Figure 10 is a side view of the combustion gas burner unit.
2 o Referring to Figures 1 and 2, dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment includes a dry ~ till~tion gas generator 1 and a combustion gas burner unit which are sepal~ units conn.octe~l together by means of a gas conduit 4. An hll~ulily separation tank 3 is positioned in the middle portion of gas conduit 4. (The dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment and the dry distillation gas generator are the subject of our copending patent application number 2,076,651.) The dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment as shown is especially adaptable for burning used tires and for ge~ hlg dry ~ till~tion gas the~fiulll to completely burn used tires, thus providing thermal energy. In accordance with this equipment, the gas conduit 4 is conn~cte(l to a dry ~ till~tion gas outlet 5 at the rear of 3 o dry distillation gas generator 1. A combustion gas burner unit 2 is connected to the end of the gas conduit 4.
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 Dry ~ till~tion gas generator 1 includes a tank furnace 7 made of carbon steel, having a fuel throw-in portion 6, or feed door, adapted so that it can be opened and closed to receive solid fuel. Dry (li.ctill~tion gas outlet 5 is connPcte~ to tank furnace 7.
A safety valve 8 at the top of the tank furnace 7 permits the discharge of 5 excessive pressure from tank furnace 7 in the event of a malfunction. A further safety valve 8a, shown in dashed lines in Figure 2, may be provided according to need.
Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, fuel throw-in portion 6 includes a tank door 6c that can be opened and closed to reveal a large fuel entrance/exit 6a at the front side of the tank furnace 7. Screw-type sealing devices 6b, or clamps, hold tank door 6c sealed 10 over entrance/exit 6a to prcvelll the loss of fuel gas thelcLhlough. The large size of fuel entrance/exit 6a eases feeding of a stack of solid fuel into the tank furnace 7, and removing residual material after combustion. The large size of fuel entrance/exit 6a also simplifies cleaning of the interior of tank furnace 7.
Although the equipment shown employs a single dry ~ till~tion gas outlet 5 in 15 the rear of tank furnace 7, one skilled in the art will recognize that additional dry ~i~till~tion gas outlets (not shown) may be added about the cil.:ulllrelcllce of tank furnace 7 without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. If a plurality of dry till~tion gas outlets are included, a single one may be chosen as required by piping requirements, or, alternatively, two or more dry ~ till~tion gas outlets may be employed 2 o simlllt~nP-ously to convey the dry ~ till~tion gas from tank furnace 7.
A cooling layer 9 encircles the entire circumference of the tank furnace 7.
Cooling water is circulated in cooling layer 9 to control the telll~eldLulc of the outside wall of tank furnace 7.
Cooling layer 9 extends behind the packing of tank door 6c covering fuel 25 entrance/exit 6a. The portion of cooling layer 9 in this region avoids accelerated heat aging of the packing sealing tank door 6c, thereby enabling long-term use of theequipment.
The bottom portion of the tank furnace 7 is a triple layer structure. The upper part of the triple layer structure is a bottom surface 10 of a heat resisting material such 30 as a refractory material. Cooling layer 9 extends under bottom surface 10. An air chamber 11 is located below cooling layer 9. Removable clearing ports 1 la at the sides of air chamber 11 permit purging of debris thererlolll.
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 The inner ch-;ulllfe~nlial surfaces of the lower portions of the bottom surface 10 and the tank furnace 7 are exposed to combustion heat. Consequently, at least these portions of the interior of tank furnace 7 are lined with a refractory (ceramic) material for its heat-resisting properties.
The cooling layer 9 forms a water jacket system in which cooling water is contained at the outside of the bottom surface 10, and is adapted to cool the bottom surface 10 subject to high telll~eldLul~, thus to realize protection thereof and an increased durable life. The air chamber 11 formed outside the cooling layer 9 is in the form of an air chamber formed on the entire surface of the bottom portion, and is of a structure o such that blowoff of air is caused to be uniform, and that a n~ces~ry quantity of air can be supplied at any time.
At the bottom portion of the tank furnace 7, a pluMlity of air blowoff portions 12 are distributed substantially unirollllly over the area of bottom surface 10.Referring now to FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8, each of the air blowoff portions 12 15 includes an air vent recessed portion 13 recessed in bottom surface 10. An air duct 14 collllllunicates air between air chamber 11 and the center of the air vent recessed portion 13 to permit the flow of air ther~llu~)ugh into the interior of tank furnace 7. An air dispersion cap 15 is fitted at the top of each air duct 14.
Referring specifically to Figure 5, air duct 14 includes a fitting member 19 2 o including an air dispersion cap receiving portion 17 at the upper end opening portion of a tubular body 16. An embedded projecting portion 18 projects uuLwdl(l from air duct 14. Embedded projecting portion 18 is embedded in bottom surface 10. A cylindrical body 20 (Figure 8) extends dowllwald from tubular body 16, through cooling layer 9, and to air chamber 11.
Referring again to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, air dispersion cap 15 is a heat resisting special casting in the form of an inverse triangular cone, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. An upper surface 21 of air dispersion cap 15 is flat. A lower surface of air dispersion cap 15 is a tapered surface 22. A plurality of radial projections 23 extend down tapered surface 22. Centering projections 24 at a lower end of air dispersion cap 15 contact the 3 o inner surface of air duct 14 to m~int~in air dispersion cap 15 centered with respect to air duct 14. The radial projections 23 and the air dispersion cap receiving portion 17 m~int~in a blowoff channel or hole 25 b~lween the air dispersion cap receiving portion 17 and the tapered surface 22.
.
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 Upper surface 21 of air dispersion cap 15, fitted into the opening in the tank furnace 7, forms a portion of the bottom surface 10 of tank furnace 7. Air entering from air duct 14 is decelerated and dispersed to enter tank furnace 7 substantially uniformly through ouLwdrdly tapering blowoff holes 25 between the side of air dispersion cap 15 and air dispersion cap receiving portion 17. The air thus supplied spreads softly and evenly over the entire bottom surface 10 along the air vent recessed portion 13 around the air dispersion cap 15.
As described above, air blowoff portions 12 are made up of the air duct 14 and the air dispersion cap 15. Air duct 14 is fixed in the bottom of tank furnace 7 and air 1 o dispersion cap 15 is removably fixed in air duct 14. This makes it possible to cope with expansion and distortion due to heat over a long period of use. Further, air dispersion cap 15 can be removed to simplify cleaning, exchange, and/or mahl~ allce thereof.
It is to be noted that, although not shown, tank furnace 7 includes a telllpeldlure sensor for monitoring the ~elllpel~ure of the dry (li~t~ tion gas produced, a sensor for automatically controlling the quantity of gas produced after the l~lllpeldlule reaches a predelelll~ ed temperature (150 degree(s) to 200 degree(s) C.), and an electrom~gn~ti~
valve for allowing air to be completely sealed off when the power supply is hl~ellu~led either intentionally or due to plilllaly power hllellul)lion. Such sensing and control enables complete control of the process of dry ~ till~tion of solid fuel.
Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 10, combustion gas burner unit 2 includes a cylindrical burner body 26, of a refractory material such as, for example, a ceramic.
A gas conduit portion 27 at the upstream end of burner body 26 admits dry ~1ictill~te gas from tank furnace 7. A combustion chamber 28 is provided at the dowll~Ll~dlll end of burner body 26. A preheat burner unit 29 for igniting a pilot flame is positioned in the 2 5 bottom of burner body 26, near its U~lSIledlll end. An air storage layer 30 encircles the outer cir-;ulllfelellce of an intermediate portion of burner body 26.
It is to be noted that, although combustion chamber 28 is shown as a removable structure, one skilled in the art will recognize that it may be integrally formed with burner body 26 without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
A first air supply section 31 opens through the wall of burner body 26 at a forward angle and a skew angle with respect to the longit~l-lin~l axis of burner body 26 to apply a fol~vald velocity component and a rotating velocity component to the injected air to cause the injected air to rotate in a fol wald-moving spiral within burner body 26.
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 A pair of second air supply sections 32 and 32 pass from air supply layer 30 to enter burner body 26 at a position dowl~llea,n of the entry of air supply section 31, and at a shallower forward angle to produce a higher component of air velocity along the axis of burner body 26. Second air supply sections 32 and 32 are also skewed with respect to 5 the longitudin~l axis of burner body 26 to impart spiral rotation to the injected air. The resulting along-axis and spiral motion of the injected air is illustrated by spiral lines in Figure 9.
The spiral rotation imparted to the air by the skewed positioning of first air supply section 31 and second air supply sections 32 and 32, tend to mix the fuel gas o passing through burner body 26 with the injected air.
Air storage layer 30 is preheated by heat conduction from the combustion within burner body 26. As a consequence, the air from second air supply sections 32 and 32 is injected at an elevated telllpeldlulc to improve combustion at the relatively dowl~lle~
location of injection.
According to the foregoing, there is provided a dry di~till~tion gasification combustion equipment in which a dry ~ till~tion gas generator, a combustion gas burner unit, and an illl~ulily separation tank are conn~cted together by a gas conduit. An air blowoff section includes an air vent recessed portion bored in the bottom surface of a tank furnace. An air duct feeds air through an air chamber in the center of the air vent 2 o recessed portion into the interior of the tank furnace. An air dispersion cap located in the air duct where it opens into the tank furnace forms a portion of the bottom surface of the tank furnace. A blowoff opening is formed about the circumference of the air dispersion cap so that air from the air duct enters the tank furnace substantially uniformly in a decelerated and dispersed state in a radial direction. The supplied air thus spreads softly 25 and evenly over the entire bottom surface of the tank furnace. Accordingly, when a solid fuel such as tires is loaded through fuel door into the tank furnace, air is supplied to the tank furnace uniformly, and in a decelerated and dispersed fashion. The slow uniform air flow prevents emission of embers and dust from the tank furnace. Air flow control is suitable to limit the amount of air to that required to gelleldt~ dry f1i~till~te fuel 3 o gas from the solid fuel by bull~illg only a portion of the solid fuel.
The dry ~ till~tion gas gelleldlor permits stable supply of a prede~elmilled quantity of air controlled so as to m~int~in the ~ till~tion condition with b~l~nred combustion and heating. For this reason, the combustion area is limited to a portion of (~
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 the solid fuel near the bottom portion where air is stably supplied. Such stabilized partial combustion in the vicinity of the bottom portion heats the remainder of the solid fuel in the tank furnace to produce thermal decomposition. Thus, dry ~ till~tion gas is efficiently and stably gellel~led.
Since supplied air is softly diffused and supplied at all times, whillillg or floating up of carbon within the tank furnace is avoided, thus making it possible to generate clean combustible gas in a stabilized manner.
The upper surface of the air dispersion cap forms a portion of the bottom surface of the tank furnace. A blowoff opening about the ch.;ulllfelcllce of the air dispersion cap o supplies air from the air duct into the tank furnace radially in a uniform, decelerated and dispersed manner.
The equipment described herein provides the following advantages. When a solid fuel such as tires is burned and heated, hl~uli~ies such as tar, carbon, wire, spike tire pin, or sand, etc. are heated together, so that they are melted, are reduced to ashes, or result in residual material. Such residual material cannot easily clog the air blowoff opening in the bottom of the tank furnace. For this reason, the air supply remains stable in use, thus making it possible to stably m~intAin for a long time the heat/combustion state in which the conditions for dry di~till~tion are satisfied.
Since the air blowoff opening is large, it is easy to clean and remove residual i~ ulilies from the dry ~ till~tion gas generator by removing the air dispersion cap.
This extends the time during which the dry ~ till~tion gas geneldlion can operate.
The combustion gas burner unit burns the clean dry rii~till~tion gas fed from the tank furnace through a gas conduit. The dry ~ till~tion gas is ignited by a pilot burner in a preheat burner section and is then rotated and mixed with air injected through a 2 5 skewed first air supply section of the burner body to enable further combustion. The ffrst air supply section injects air with a forward component of velocity along the axis of the combustion gas burner. An air supply is preheated in an air storage layer before being injected through a second air supply section into the combustion gas burner unit at a location dowl~LIcalll of the injection by the first air supply section. The second air supply section is skewed to rotate the injected air for agitation and mixing, and is directed in the dowlL~ l direction to increase the travel velocity of the burning gas.
The second air supply section is less skewed, but its forward angle is greater than the first air supply section. The combination of plentiful air supply and vigorous agitation CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 with preh~ting in the combustion burner unit provides efficient and complete combustion of the clean dry ~ till~tion gas.
The dry (listill~tion gasification combustion equipment efficiently and stably generates a dry di~till~tion gas including less hll~ulilies. An illl~ulily separation tank in 5 the gas conduit callyillg the gas to the combustion gas burner unit traps hll~uliLies (dust, embers, ashes, etc.) to deliver clean dry ~ till~tion gas to the combustion gas burner unit. This permits the gellel~lion of thermal energy without the emission of soot, smoke or dust into the envholl.llcll~. The dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment of the invention is combined with a combustion gas burner unit, and an hllL)ulily separation 0 tank connPcte~l together by a gas conduit.
A cooling layer about the entire outer circumference of the tank furnace lowers the temperature therein to prevent extra or llnn~cçssary combustion except at the portion in the vicinity of the bottom of the solid fuel to reduce the production of soot, smoke or dust to a ~ , thus pc~ iL~ g production of a clear dry ~i~till~tion gas.
Using a three-layer structure in the bottom of the tank furnace improves the durability of the high telllpel~lurc portion on the surface of the bottom portion. A cooling layer, through which combustion air passes on its way to the interior of the tank furnace, keeps the telllpcl~lulc of the bottom surface of the tank furnace at a relatively low cl~Lulc without p~."~illi"g the temperature to rise higher than is required. The air passing through the cooling layer is pre-heated to improve the efficiency of the tank furnace.
The sides of the air chamber include cle~nin~ ports to enable the cleaning out of residual hll~ulilies that may have dropped through the air duct in the bottom of the tank furnace.
The hll~ulily separation tank in the middle of the gas conduit cleans the dry ~i~till~tion gas to permit complete combustion in the combustion gas burner unit without the emission of soot, dust or smoke.
Clean dry (li~till~tion gas from the gas conduit section of the burner body is ignited by a pilot in a preheat burner section, and is then rotated, agit~te~ and mixed 3 o with air from openings of the first and second air supply sections within the cylindrical burner body.
Having described plcfcllcd embodiments of the invention with ~relcllce to the accolllpallyillg drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those .
precise embodiments, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
,~, CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 - To continue operation, an operator must clean out the small air supply holes by inserting a driver, or the like, into individual holes to scrape away ashes thelerrolll. This is tedious work, and its necessity substantially reduces the effectiveness of the equipment.
As stated above, the conventional equipment is unsatisfactory in its efficiency in the production of dry ~i.ctill~tion gas, the generation of clean dry ~lictill~tion gas, and in its performance stability. In addition, the difficulty in cle~ning and mahllellallce are substantial drawbacks.
Further, the combustion unit of this prior-art unit burns dry distillation gas only o within a broad combustion chamber wheleill dry tlictill~tion gas is mixed with air together with soot and smoke or dust, etc. Accordingly, it is impossible to adjust combustion to attain complete, clean, combustion.
A gasification fuel combustion equipment for burning gasified fuel obtained by means such as dry ~ till~tion, etc. is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No.
29365/1990. In this equipment, as in the equipment of the invention of this application, the combustion equipment of the burner system is adapted for completely burning a fuel once gasified by dry ~ till~tion or other means.
However, since this prior art equipment uses a rectification cylinder within a cylindrical combustion chamber, thus to agitate and mix air blown off from small holes with combustion gas, this equipment is satisfactory when use begins, but such holes become clogged after a little use. Furthermore, the internal structure is complicated, and its cleaning and/or mainle~ ce are very difficult.
An object of the present invention is to provide a combustion gas burner suitable for use with a dry ~lictill~t~ gas generator according to our copending application number 2 5 2,076,65 l or with a conventional dry ~li.ctill~tion gasification combustion equipment that provides complete stable combustion with a clean, ~llvirolllnentally acceptable exhaust.
Studies on the technical problems to be solved by the present invention are as follows. Since the combustion burner unit is exposed to high temperature at all times, it can become damaged, and permit bulllillg materials to be ejected, or to become attached thereto. For this reason, frequent mailllellallce of this type of equipment is expected. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention employ a combustion burner unit having a burner with a simple internal structure having few, if any, uneven portions, so that cleaning is simplified.
~,, CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 ~ To resist the high temperatures of combustion, the cylindrical burner body of the combustion burner unit of embodiments of the present invention is made of materials having excellent heat resisting properties. In order to realize complete combustion, the combustion burner unit provides excellent agitation and mixture of fuel with air to 5 improve the combustion speed and/or efficiency.
The technical problem of the dry (li~till~tion gas gellel~tol will now be described.
In order to burn and heat a solid fuel, e.g., high molecular weight material such as rubber or plastic, or tires, etc., within a dry tli~till~tion gas generator, in order to produce a dry ~ till~tion gasified fuel by thermal decomposition, the oxygen supply for 10 combustion must be controlled to a value low enough to allow a limited weak combustion state to last for a long time, but high enough to burn a sufficient portion of the solid fuel to thermally decompose the remainder. This requires the amount of combustion heat to be sufficient to allow only a portion of solid fuel to burn weakly over a long time, while the combustion heat decomposes the rem~in-ler of the solid fuel to a gaseous fuel.
However, it is a difficult technical problem to m~int~in and control the dry till~tion conditions through control of the combustion heating system to gellela~e a stable supply of clean combustible gas from a solid fuel such as tires. In the prior art, satisfactory combustible gas was not achievable.
In actual terms, it is first pointed out that controlling the air supply to m~int~in 2 o (li~till~tion conditions in which combustion and heating are well-b~l~n~e~l is technically difficult.
Secondly, it is difficult to deliver air in a gentle even lllallller to reduce expulsion of soot and dust such as carbon, etc. and thereby produce clean combustible gas in a stable manner.
Thirdly, many solid fuels such as, for example, tires, contain ~ ulilies which, when burned and heated, produce byproduct illl~ulilies such as tar, carbon, wire, spike tire pins or sand. These byproduct illllJuliLies can melt together to produce solid waste, be reduced to ashes, or otherwise result in unburned residual material. Such residual material can clog air blowoff openings. Such clogging destabilizes the supply of air, thus m~king it difficult to m~int~in stable combustion in which the conditions for dry till~tion are satisfied.
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 Fourthly, it is difficult to find an easy way to elimin~te residual illl~uliLies within a dry ~ till~tion gas gellel~tol to simplify cleaning thereof, thus to plevellL lowering of the distillation gas gelleration long-term efficiency.
The invention of copending application number 2,076,651 contemplates solving 5 the technical problems as described above.
The technical problem concerning the dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment will be now described.
In recent dry ~ till~tion g~ifi~tion combustion equipment, the key problems are how to stably produce clean combustible gas from a solid fuel in the dry (li~till~tion gas 10 generator and how to burn the combustible gas in the combustion gas burner unit.
However, there is the problem that, while a double combustion system may be employed merely to burn a solid fuel primarily within a dry distillation gas generator to generate dry ~ till~tion gas and secondarily to burn it at the combustion unit, thereby to burn it with an efficiency as high as possible, such a system cannot cope with the recent 15 environmental problem such as soot and smoke or dust, or odor, etc.
The inventor of copending application number 2,076,651 contemplates a dry ~li.ctill~tion gas generator for gellel~lhlg dry ~i~till~tion gas and a combustion gas burner unit for completely burning gasified fuel which are completely partitioned or divided, thus to improve respective functions thereof as far as possible. Especially, the inventor 2 o has drawn attention to the fact that, in order to burn a solid fuel completely enough to prevent the production of soot, smoke or odor, etc., the dry distillation gas must be as clean as possible, with a predetermined quantity of the dry ~ till~tion gas produced in a stable state at all times. With the above in view, the inventor has advantageously adopted a scheme to improve first the portions of the dry tli.~till~tion gas generator and 25 the air supply means, and to provide an illll~ufi~y separation tank in the middle of a gas conduit interconnPcting the dry (li~till~tion gas generator and the combustion gas burner unit to improve cle~nlinP-s~ of dry cli~till~tion gas delivered into the combustion gas burner unit.
There is disclosed and claimed in copending application number 2,076,651 a dry 3 o ~i.ctill~tion gasification combustion equipment comprising:
a dry ~ till~tion gas generator;
said dry ~ till~tion gas gellelatol including a tank furnace;
an air chamber in a bottom of said tank furnace;
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 an air blowoff section co,,,~ ir~ting from said air chamber to a bottom portion of said tank furnace;
said air blowoff section including an air vent recessed portion bored in a bottom surface of said tank furnace, an air duct allowing for pc, Illill i"g air from said air chamber to pass to a center of said air vent recessed portion;
an air dispersion cap fitted into an opening of said air duct;
an upper surface of said air dispersion cap forming a portion of a bottom surface of said tank furnace;
a blowoff opening about a cil.;ulllfercl~ce of said air dispersion cap;
said blowoff opening supplying air from said air duct in a decelerated and dispersed state substantially uniformly into the tank furnace from said circumference of said blowoff opening;
said air softly and evenly spreading over the entire bottom surface of said tankfurnace;
a fuel door in said tank furnace, effective for pe~ " ~ g entry of a dry fuel into said tank furnace;
said fuel door being openable and closeable;
a dry ~i~till~tion gas outlet from said tank furnace;
2 o a combustion gas burner unit;
a gas conduit con/1-~cting dry ~i~till~tion gas from said dry (li~till~tion gas outlet to said combustion gas burner unit;
said combustion gas burner unit including a burner body;
a combustion chamber in said combustion gas burner unit receiving gas from said gas conduit;
said combustion chamber including a preheat burner section for igniting a pilot at a position close to an u~sllcalll end of said combustion chamber;
an air storage layer ~ulloulldhlg an outer cilculllfelclllial surface of an inter~n~ te portion of said combustion chamber;
3 o a first air supply section skewed an angle for injecting air rotating in a spiral from the outside through a side wall of said combustion chamber;
a second air supply section skewed at an angle for injecting air in a spiral from said air storage layer through said side wall;
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 said air injected by said second air supply section being preheated in said air storage layer and injected in said combustion chamber at a position dowl~llcalll of the injection of air by said first air supply section; and an hll~ulily separation tank in said gas conduit at a position intermediate said tank furnace and said combustion gas burner unit for sepal~ g hll~ul;Lies from said dry distillation gas before applying it to said combustion gas burner unit.
There is further disclosed and claimed in the copending application a dry till~tion g~ifi~tion combustion equipment colllplisillg:
a tank furnace;
o means for entering a solid fuel in said tank furnace;
a cooling layer about a substantial portion of said tank furnace;
a bottom of said tank furnace including a triple layer structure including first, second and third layers;
said first layer including a heat resisting material;
said second layer including a cooling layer;
said third layer including an air chamber;
a plurality of air blowoff portions in said bottom;
each of said air blowoff portions an air vent recessed portion bored in said first layer and an air duct collullunicating air from said air chamber to said air vent recessed 2 o portion;
an air dispersion cap fitted into each air duct;
an upper surface of each air dispersion cap forming a portion of said first layer;
means for pe~lliL~ g air to pass said air dispersion cap substantially ullirolmly in a decelerated and dispersed state in a lateral direction into the tank furnace from a blowoff opening on a circumference of each air dispersion cap toward the lateraldirection, the supplied air softly and evenly spreading over the entire bottom surface along the air vent recessed portion around the air dispersion cap;
a combustion gas burner unit;
said combustion gas burner unit including a burner body;
3 o a gas conduit section comleclillg dry ~i~till~te fuel gas from said tank furnace to said combustion gas burner;
said burner body including a combustion chamber;
a preheat burner section at an U~Sl~ end of said combustion chamber;
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 a pilot in said preheat burner for i~niting said dry rli~till~te gas;
an air storage layer surrounding a substantial cil-;ulllfelclllial portion of said;
a first air supply section opening from the outside through a side wall of said burner body at an angle rotated in a spiral;
a second air supply section opening from said air supply layer through said sidewall at an angle rotated in a spiral;
said first air supply section entering said burner body at a position upstream of a position where said second air supply section enters said burner body;
air in said air supply layer being preheated before being injected into said burner lo body; and an illl~uliLy separation tank at an intermediate position in said gas conduit for removing imL,ulilies from said dry distillation gas.
There is yet further disclosed and claimed in the copending application a dry ~listill~tion gas generator colllplising:
a tank furnace;
a combustion chamber in said tank furnace;
means for entering a fuel into said combustion chamber;
a dry ~li.ctill~tion gas outlet from said combustion chamber;
an air chamber below a bottom of said combustion chamber;
an air blow-off section co~ ir~ting air from said air chamber to a bottom portion of said tank furnace;
said air blowoff section including at least one air vent recessed portion bored in a bottom surface of said combustion chamber;
an air duct colllllllll~ ting air from said air chamber to said at least one air vent 2 5 recessed portion;
an air dispersion cap fitted into said air duct;
an upper surface of said air dispersion cap forming a portion of said bottom surface;
a blowoff opening about a chculllrelcllce of said air dispersion cap;
3 o said blowoff opening supplying air radially thelcrlolll substantially uniformly in a decelerated and dispersed state into said tank furnace, the supplied air softly and evenly spreading over said bottom surface.
A
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 ~ There is still further disclosed and claimed in the copending application a dry till~tion gas generator comprising:
a tank furnace;
a fuel door in said tank furnace adapted to being opened and closed;
a dry ~ till~tion gas outlet from said tank furnace;
a cooling layer surrounding a substantial portion of an outer chculllfelclllial surface of the tank furnace;
a bottom portion of said tank furnace including f1rst, second and third layers;
said first layer being a heat resisting material;
said second layer being a cooling layer below said first layer;
said third layer being an air chamber below said cooling layer;
a plurality of air blowoff portions in said bottom portion;
each air blowoff portion including an air vent recessed portion bored in said first layer;
an air duct co~ nicating air from said air chamber to said air vent recessed portion;
an air dispersion cap being fitted into said air duct;
an upper surface of said air dispersion cap forming a portion of said a bottom surface of said tank furnace;
2 o means for permhting air entering said tank furnace to be supplied radially from said air dispersion cap and to enter said tank furnace substantially uniformly in a decelerated and dispersed state and to softly and evenly spread over the entire bottom surface along the air vent recessed portion around the air dispersion cap.
Yet further, there is disclosed and claimed in such copending application a dry distillate gas generator colllplising:
a tank furnace;
means for loading a solid fuel in said tank furnace;
a bottom in said tank furnace;
an air chamber below said bottom;
an air duct col-n~-clil-g said air chamber through said bottom;
an air dispersion cap in a top of said air duct;
a tapered lower surface on said air dispersion cap;
at least one projection on said tapered lower surface;
~','.
~.
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 said at least one projection being effective for m~int~ining said tapered lower surface out of contact with said air duct, whereby at least one blow-off hole ism~int~inl-~ between said tapered lower surface and said air duct; and said blow-off hole being inclined to enter air above said bottom generally radially, and in a slow, gentle flow.
Still further, there is disclosed and claimed in such copending application a dry distillate gas generator and a combustion ap~aldLus comprising:
a tank furnace;
sealable means for adding a solid fuel to said tank furnace;
l o means for flowing air into a bottom of said tank furnace in a generally radial flow across said bottom, in a flow effective to combust no more than a portion of said solid fuel, and to thermally decompose a rem~intler of said solid fuel to produce a dry ~li.ctill~te gas;
a combustion chamber;
a gas conduit conlle~ g said dry ~ till~te gas from said tank furnace to said combustion chamber;
an illl~Ulily separation tank in said gas conduit;
an air storage layer surrounding said combustion chamber;
a preheat burner in an upstream end of said combustion chamber;
2 o means for injecting a first supply of air from outside said combustion chamber into said combustion chamber dowl~ alll of said preheat burner;
means for injecting a second supply of air from said air storage layer into saidcombustion chamber dowl~ alll of an injection point of first supply of air; and said first means for injecting and said second means for injecting including means for spiralling air injected into said combustion chamber whereby agitation and mixing of air with said dry distillate gas is enabled.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combustion gas burner unit comprising:
a burner body having a longitllrlin~l axis;
3 o a gas conduit portion at bottom end portion of said burner body;
a combustion chamber in said burner body;
a preheat burner section for igniting a pilot at a position close to an upstream end of said combustion chamber;
, ~, CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 an air storage layer ~ulloundillg a substantial portion of a cil-;ulllrelcllce of said combustion chamber;
a first air supply section from outside to an interior of said combustion chamber, skewed at a first angle for rotating injected air in a spiral;
a second air supply section from said air storage layer to said interior, skewedat a second angle for rotating air injected air in a spiral;
said second angle having a shallower forward angle with respect to said longit~l~lin~l axis than said first angle, thereby producing a higher component of air velocity along axis of said burner body;
o an injection point of said first air supply section being upstream of an injection point of said second air supply section;
air injected through said second air supply section being preheated in said air storage layer; and said first and second angles being effective for ~git~ting and mixing a dry (1i~till~te fuel gas with air from said first and second air supply sections.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combustion appal~lus for burning a fuel gas comprising:
a combustion chamber;
an air storage layer ~ulroullding said combustion chamber;
2 0 said air storage layer receiving heat from said combustion chamber to preheat air therein;
means for flowing said fuel gas through said combustion chamber;
first means for injecting a first supply of air from outside said combustion chamber into said combustion chamber;
2 5 second means for injecting a second supply of preheated air from said air storage layer into said combustion chamber;
air injected by said second means being injected dowl~ ll of a location at which air is injected by said first means; and said first means and said second means both including means for producing a 3 o spiral flow of air in said combustion chamber, whereby agitation and mixing of said fuel gas with said air is enabled; and said second means including means to produce a higher component of air velocity along a longit~ in~l axis of a burner body than said first means.
,:, CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 In embodiments of either of the foregoing aspects of the present invention, the burner body may be formed of a refractory material such as ceramic.
The dry distillation g~ifi~tion combustion equipment may have a gas conduit conn~cted to a dry ~ till~tion gas outlet of the dry distillation gas generator to provide an impuliLy separation tank in the gas conduit conn~cte(l to the gas burner unit.
When a solid fuel such as a tire, etc. is ~1mitted from the fuel entry portion into the tank furnace and air is a~lmitted from the air chamber at the bottom portion thereof, a predetcllllilled quantity of air is supplied into the dry distillation gas generator through the air blowoff section co~ unicating with the air chamber. Since the air blowoff 0 section is comprised of the air vent recessed portion bored at a suitable portion of the bottom surface of the tank furnace, the air duct con~llul~icates between the air chamber provided at the central portion of the air vent recessed portion and the interior of the tank furnace. The air dispersion cap fitted into the air duct, and the blowoff hole formed at the cil-;umrclclllial side of the air dispersion cap, cause air blown from the air duct to be supplied into the tank furnace in a decelerated and dispersed fashion substantially uniformly and laterally from the blowoff hole such that the supplied air spreads softly and evenly over the entire bottom surface.
When the accommodated solid fuel, such as a tire, etc., is ignited, only the portion of the solid fuel in the vicinity of the bottom portion of the tank furnace where 2 o air spreads is burned.
At that time, the upper surface of the air dispersion cap serves as a portion of the bottom surface of the tank furnace such that there is no projecting portion. Thus, accommodation of the solid fuel is easy.
Where the blowoff hole is formed on the cilcuullfclclltial side of the air dispersion cap, and the air vent recessed portion is formed thercaloulld, there is no possibility of the air blowoff opening being inad~/cllell~ly clogged by the solid fuel. In addition, since air forcefully spreads in a lateral direction through the air vent recessed section, and air which has lost its force is dispersed and supplied softly in an upward direction, there results a state in which air spreads softly and evenly at all times.
3 o As a result, the combustion area of the solid fuel is limited to the portion in the vicinity of the bottom where air is stably supplied, but does not spread over other portions. Such stabilized partial combustion in the vicinity of the bottom portion heats the solid fuel thereabout so that thermal decomposition is produced. Thus, dry ~ till~tion CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 gas is efficiently and stably gellel~t~d. Since, at all times, the air is softly diffused and supplied, there is no possibility that carbon will be picked up to float in the air within the tank furnace, thus pe~"~ g the dry ~ till~tion gas produced to be a clean gas having less h~ ies.
Gas di~till~tion gasification combustion equipment employing the dry di~till~tion gas generator as stated above and making use of the illlL~ulily separation tank provided in the gas conduit to introduce the gas into the combustion gas burner unit efficiently and stably provides a cleaner dry ~ till~tion gas having less illl~,lliLies.
The clean, dry ~ till~tion gas introduced from the gas conduit of the burner body 0 is ~git~ted and mixed, while rotating, with the air blown off and delivered from the opel~illg of the first air supply section within the cylindrical burner body heated in advance by the preheat burner section, and is introduced in a direction of the combustion chamber at the front end thereof. The dry ~ till~tion air thus introduced is ignited by a pilot of the preheating burner unit, and is guided in a direction of the combustion chamber at the front end portion. The dry ~ till~tion gas thus introduced is ignited by a pilot of the preheat burner section, so it is burned while blowing out flame from the combustion chamber. In this in~t~nre, in the vicinity of the combustion chamber, the air preheated by the air storage layer is further delivered from the second air supply portion, and is ~git~tPd and mixed with combustion gas, thus further assisting combustion.
By employing such a configuration, a clean dry di.~till~tion gas is completely burned at the combustion gas burner unit.
Where a cooling layer is provided at the entire outer circumference of the tank furnace, whose bottom portion is of a triple layer structure with the bottom surface made up of a heat resisting material, cooling layer and air chamber, and a cleaning port 2 5 provided at the side portion of the air chamber, the configuration thus featured provides the following effect:
First, the presence of the cooling layer on the entire outer circumference of the tank furnace ~upplesses temperature elevation within the tank furnace to prevent extra or llnnPcess~ry combustion except for portions in the vicinity of the bottom portion of 3 o the solid fuel, thus reducing soot and smoke or dust and floating parti~ tes as much as possible.
Since the bottom portion is a triple layer structure, the high ~elllpel~lule portion on the surface of the bottom has sufficient durability. Further the cooling layer prevents CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 the te~ cl~lulc of the bottom portion of the tank furnace from rising higher than is required. The large air chamber permits an even supply of air over the entire bottom portion. The supplied air is pre-heated.
In addition, the cleaning port at the side of the air chamber permits easy cleaning 5 of ~cl-rn--l~t~-l residual illl~u-ilies that may have dropped through the air duct.
By using the dry di~till~tion gas generator as stated above, the dry distillation gasification combustion equipment efficiently and stably gellcl~les dry distillation gas including less hll~ulilies to allow it to serve as a cleaner dry (li~till~tion gas. This cle~nlin~ss is further improved by the hll~ulily separation tank in the middle of the gas o conduit.
The dry ~lictill~tion gas is sufficiently clean to be completely burned in the combustion gas burner unit.
Briefly stated, a dry di~till~tion gas generator according to copending application number 2,076,651 ge~ L~s a dry ~ till~tion gas for burning in a separate combustion 5 gas burner unit. Air is supplied in a gentle decelerated flow to the bottom of the dry fli~till~tion gas generator in a quantity sufficient to support combustion of a solid fuel in the vicinity of the air supply, but at a low enough volume to prevent the combustion proceeding to other parts of the gas generator, thus thermally decomposing the remainder of the solid fuel to gellel~t~ the dry di~till~te gas. An air chamber surrounds the gas 2 o generator to reduce the temperature to which the solid fuel is exposed. Similarly, an air chamber is disposed below the bottom of the gas generator to supply air to the gas generator, and to moderate the telll~)el~lulc therein. An illl~ulily separation tank in a conduit between the gas ge~ ator and the gas burner unit helps prCVt;lll particulates from entering the gas generator. A preheat burner in the combustion gas burner unit includes 2 5 a pilot to ignite and preheat the gas. A first air injection device injects air from outside the gas burner in a spiral flow to agitate and mix the gas with air. A second air injection device injects air preheated in an air storage layer surrounding the gas burner unit into the gas burner in a spiral flow to further agitate and mix the gas with air. The injection point of the second air injection device is dowl~llcalll of the injection point of the first 3 o air injection device.
The above, and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become app~relll from the following description read in conjunction with the CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 accolllpallyillg dl~wings, in which like l~r~r~llce numerals designate the same elements.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a side view showing a dry distillation ga~ifiration combustion e~lui~lll~lll;
Figure 2 is a front view showing a dry distillation gas generator;
Figure 3 is a longit~l(lin~l cross sectional side elevation showing the structure of the bottom portion within the tank furnace;
Figure 4 is a plan view showing the structure of the bottom portion shown in Figure 3;
0 Figure S is a longitll-lin~l cross sectional side elevation showing the configuration of an air duct of the air blowoff portion;
Figure 6 is a perspective view showing an air dispersion cap;
Figure 7 is a bottom view showing an air dispersion cap;
Figure 8 is a longitll-lin~l cross sectional explanatory view showing the state where the air blowoff portion is attached on the bottom portion;
Figure 9 is a longitll(lin~l cross sectional plan view of a combustion gas burner unit; and Figure 10 is a side view of the combustion gas burner unit.
2 o Referring to Figures 1 and 2, dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment includes a dry ~ till~tion gas generator 1 and a combustion gas burner unit which are sepal~ units conn.octe~l together by means of a gas conduit 4. An hll~ulily separation tank 3 is positioned in the middle portion of gas conduit 4. (The dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment and the dry distillation gas generator are the subject of our copending patent application number 2,076,651.) The dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment as shown is especially adaptable for burning used tires and for ge~ hlg dry ~ till~tion gas the~fiulll to completely burn used tires, thus providing thermal energy. In accordance with this equipment, the gas conduit 4 is conn~cte(l to a dry ~ till~tion gas outlet 5 at the rear of 3 o dry distillation gas generator 1. A combustion gas burner unit 2 is connected to the end of the gas conduit 4.
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 Dry ~ till~tion gas generator 1 includes a tank furnace 7 made of carbon steel, having a fuel throw-in portion 6, or feed door, adapted so that it can be opened and closed to receive solid fuel. Dry (li.ctill~tion gas outlet 5 is connPcte~ to tank furnace 7.
A safety valve 8 at the top of the tank furnace 7 permits the discharge of 5 excessive pressure from tank furnace 7 in the event of a malfunction. A further safety valve 8a, shown in dashed lines in Figure 2, may be provided according to need.
Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, fuel throw-in portion 6 includes a tank door 6c that can be opened and closed to reveal a large fuel entrance/exit 6a at the front side of the tank furnace 7. Screw-type sealing devices 6b, or clamps, hold tank door 6c sealed 10 over entrance/exit 6a to prcvelll the loss of fuel gas thelcLhlough. The large size of fuel entrance/exit 6a eases feeding of a stack of solid fuel into the tank furnace 7, and removing residual material after combustion. The large size of fuel entrance/exit 6a also simplifies cleaning of the interior of tank furnace 7.
Although the equipment shown employs a single dry ~ till~tion gas outlet 5 in 15 the rear of tank furnace 7, one skilled in the art will recognize that additional dry ~i~till~tion gas outlets (not shown) may be added about the cil.:ulllrelcllce of tank furnace 7 without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. If a plurality of dry till~tion gas outlets are included, a single one may be chosen as required by piping requirements, or, alternatively, two or more dry ~ till~tion gas outlets may be employed 2 o simlllt~nP-ously to convey the dry ~ till~tion gas from tank furnace 7.
A cooling layer 9 encircles the entire circumference of the tank furnace 7.
Cooling water is circulated in cooling layer 9 to control the telll~eldLulc of the outside wall of tank furnace 7.
Cooling layer 9 extends behind the packing of tank door 6c covering fuel 25 entrance/exit 6a. The portion of cooling layer 9 in this region avoids accelerated heat aging of the packing sealing tank door 6c, thereby enabling long-term use of theequipment.
The bottom portion of the tank furnace 7 is a triple layer structure. The upper part of the triple layer structure is a bottom surface 10 of a heat resisting material such 30 as a refractory material. Cooling layer 9 extends under bottom surface 10. An air chamber 11 is located below cooling layer 9. Removable clearing ports 1 la at the sides of air chamber 11 permit purging of debris thererlolll.
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 The inner ch-;ulllfe~nlial surfaces of the lower portions of the bottom surface 10 and the tank furnace 7 are exposed to combustion heat. Consequently, at least these portions of the interior of tank furnace 7 are lined with a refractory (ceramic) material for its heat-resisting properties.
The cooling layer 9 forms a water jacket system in which cooling water is contained at the outside of the bottom surface 10, and is adapted to cool the bottom surface 10 subject to high telll~eldLul~, thus to realize protection thereof and an increased durable life. The air chamber 11 formed outside the cooling layer 9 is in the form of an air chamber formed on the entire surface of the bottom portion, and is of a structure o such that blowoff of air is caused to be uniform, and that a n~ces~ry quantity of air can be supplied at any time.
At the bottom portion of the tank furnace 7, a pluMlity of air blowoff portions 12 are distributed substantially unirollllly over the area of bottom surface 10.Referring now to FIGS. 5, 6, 7 and 8, each of the air blowoff portions 12 15 includes an air vent recessed portion 13 recessed in bottom surface 10. An air duct 14 collllllunicates air between air chamber 11 and the center of the air vent recessed portion 13 to permit the flow of air ther~llu~)ugh into the interior of tank furnace 7. An air dispersion cap 15 is fitted at the top of each air duct 14.
Referring specifically to Figure 5, air duct 14 includes a fitting member 19 2 o including an air dispersion cap receiving portion 17 at the upper end opening portion of a tubular body 16. An embedded projecting portion 18 projects uuLwdl(l from air duct 14. Embedded projecting portion 18 is embedded in bottom surface 10. A cylindrical body 20 (Figure 8) extends dowllwald from tubular body 16, through cooling layer 9, and to air chamber 11.
Referring again to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, air dispersion cap 15 is a heat resisting special casting in the form of an inverse triangular cone, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. An upper surface 21 of air dispersion cap 15 is flat. A lower surface of air dispersion cap 15 is a tapered surface 22. A plurality of radial projections 23 extend down tapered surface 22. Centering projections 24 at a lower end of air dispersion cap 15 contact the 3 o inner surface of air duct 14 to m~int~in air dispersion cap 15 centered with respect to air duct 14. The radial projections 23 and the air dispersion cap receiving portion 17 m~int~in a blowoff channel or hole 25 b~lween the air dispersion cap receiving portion 17 and the tapered surface 22.
.
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 Upper surface 21 of air dispersion cap 15, fitted into the opening in the tank furnace 7, forms a portion of the bottom surface 10 of tank furnace 7. Air entering from air duct 14 is decelerated and dispersed to enter tank furnace 7 substantially uniformly through ouLwdrdly tapering blowoff holes 25 between the side of air dispersion cap 15 and air dispersion cap receiving portion 17. The air thus supplied spreads softly and evenly over the entire bottom surface 10 along the air vent recessed portion 13 around the air dispersion cap 15.
As described above, air blowoff portions 12 are made up of the air duct 14 and the air dispersion cap 15. Air duct 14 is fixed in the bottom of tank furnace 7 and air 1 o dispersion cap 15 is removably fixed in air duct 14. This makes it possible to cope with expansion and distortion due to heat over a long period of use. Further, air dispersion cap 15 can be removed to simplify cleaning, exchange, and/or mahl~ allce thereof.
It is to be noted that, although not shown, tank furnace 7 includes a telllpeldlure sensor for monitoring the ~elllpel~ure of the dry (li~t~ tion gas produced, a sensor for automatically controlling the quantity of gas produced after the l~lllpeldlule reaches a predelelll~ ed temperature (150 degree(s) to 200 degree(s) C.), and an electrom~gn~ti~
valve for allowing air to be completely sealed off when the power supply is hl~ellu~led either intentionally or due to plilllaly power hllellul)lion. Such sensing and control enables complete control of the process of dry ~ till~tion of solid fuel.
Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 10, combustion gas burner unit 2 includes a cylindrical burner body 26, of a refractory material such as, for example, a ceramic.
A gas conduit portion 27 at the upstream end of burner body 26 admits dry ~1ictill~te gas from tank furnace 7. A combustion chamber 28 is provided at the dowll~Ll~dlll end of burner body 26. A preheat burner unit 29 for igniting a pilot flame is positioned in the 2 5 bottom of burner body 26, near its U~lSIledlll end. An air storage layer 30 encircles the outer cir-;ulllfelellce of an intermediate portion of burner body 26.
It is to be noted that, although combustion chamber 28 is shown as a removable structure, one skilled in the art will recognize that it may be integrally formed with burner body 26 without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
A first air supply section 31 opens through the wall of burner body 26 at a forward angle and a skew angle with respect to the longit~l-lin~l axis of burner body 26 to apply a fol~vald velocity component and a rotating velocity component to the injected air to cause the injected air to rotate in a fol wald-moving spiral within burner body 26.
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 A pair of second air supply sections 32 and 32 pass from air supply layer 30 to enter burner body 26 at a position dowl~llea,n of the entry of air supply section 31, and at a shallower forward angle to produce a higher component of air velocity along the axis of burner body 26. Second air supply sections 32 and 32 are also skewed with respect to 5 the longitudin~l axis of burner body 26 to impart spiral rotation to the injected air. The resulting along-axis and spiral motion of the injected air is illustrated by spiral lines in Figure 9.
The spiral rotation imparted to the air by the skewed positioning of first air supply section 31 and second air supply sections 32 and 32, tend to mix the fuel gas o passing through burner body 26 with the injected air.
Air storage layer 30 is preheated by heat conduction from the combustion within burner body 26. As a consequence, the air from second air supply sections 32 and 32 is injected at an elevated telllpeldlulc to improve combustion at the relatively dowl~lle~
location of injection.
According to the foregoing, there is provided a dry di~till~tion gasification combustion equipment in which a dry ~ till~tion gas generator, a combustion gas burner unit, and an illl~ulily separation tank are conn~cted together by a gas conduit. An air blowoff section includes an air vent recessed portion bored in the bottom surface of a tank furnace. An air duct feeds air through an air chamber in the center of the air vent 2 o recessed portion into the interior of the tank furnace. An air dispersion cap located in the air duct where it opens into the tank furnace forms a portion of the bottom surface of the tank furnace. A blowoff opening is formed about the circumference of the air dispersion cap so that air from the air duct enters the tank furnace substantially uniformly in a decelerated and dispersed state in a radial direction. The supplied air thus spreads softly 25 and evenly over the entire bottom surface of the tank furnace. Accordingly, when a solid fuel such as tires is loaded through fuel door into the tank furnace, air is supplied to the tank furnace uniformly, and in a decelerated and dispersed fashion. The slow uniform air flow prevents emission of embers and dust from the tank furnace. Air flow control is suitable to limit the amount of air to that required to gelleldt~ dry f1i~till~te fuel 3 o gas from the solid fuel by bull~illg only a portion of the solid fuel.
The dry ~ till~tion gas gelleldlor permits stable supply of a prede~elmilled quantity of air controlled so as to m~int~in the ~ till~tion condition with b~l~nred combustion and heating. For this reason, the combustion area is limited to a portion of (~
CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 the solid fuel near the bottom portion where air is stably supplied. Such stabilized partial combustion in the vicinity of the bottom portion heats the remainder of the solid fuel in the tank furnace to produce thermal decomposition. Thus, dry ~ till~tion gas is efficiently and stably gellel~led.
Since supplied air is softly diffused and supplied at all times, whillillg or floating up of carbon within the tank furnace is avoided, thus making it possible to generate clean combustible gas in a stabilized manner.
The upper surface of the air dispersion cap forms a portion of the bottom surface of the tank furnace. A blowoff opening about the ch.;ulllfelcllce of the air dispersion cap o supplies air from the air duct into the tank furnace radially in a uniform, decelerated and dispersed manner.
The equipment described herein provides the following advantages. When a solid fuel such as tires is burned and heated, hl~uli~ies such as tar, carbon, wire, spike tire pin, or sand, etc. are heated together, so that they are melted, are reduced to ashes, or result in residual material. Such residual material cannot easily clog the air blowoff opening in the bottom of the tank furnace. For this reason, the air supply remains stable in use, thus making it possible to stably m~intAin for a long time the heat/combustion state in which the conditions for dry di~till~tion are satisfied.
Since the air blowoff opening is large, it is easy to clean and remove residual i~ ulilies from the dry ~ till~tion gas generator by removing the air dispersion cap.
This extends the time during which the dry ~ till~tion gas geneldlion can operate.
The combustion gas burner unit burns the clean dry rii~till~tion gas fed from the tank furnace through a gas conduit. The dry ~ till~tion gas is ignited by a pilot burner in a preheat burner section and is then rotated and mixed with air injected through a 2 5 skewed first air supply section of the burner body to enable further combustion. The ffrst air supply section injects air with a forward component of velocity along the axis of the combustion gas burner. An air supply is preheated in an air storage layer before being injected through a second air supply section into the combustion gas burner unit at a location dowl~LIcalll of the injection by the first air supply section. The second air supply section is skewed to rotate the injected air for agitation and mixing, and is directed in the dowlL~ l direction to increase the travel velocity of the burning gas.
The second air supply section is less skewed, but its forward angle is greater than the first air supply section. The combination of plentiful air supply and vigorous agitation CA 021498~8 1998-04-22 with preh~ting in the combustion burner unit provides efficient and complete combustion of the clean dry ~ till~tion gas.
The dry (listill~tion gasification combustion equipment efficiently and stably generates a dry di~till~tion gas including less hll~ulilies. An illl~ulily separation tank in 5 the gas conduit callyillg the gas to the combustion gas burner unit traps hll~uliLies (dust, embers, ashes, etc.) to deliver clean dry ~ till~tion gas to the combustion gas burner unit. This permits the gellel~lion of thermal energy without the emission of soot, smoke or dust into the envholl.llcll~. The dry ~ till~tion gasification combustion equipment of the invention is combined with a combustion gas burner unit, and an hllL)ulily separation 0 tank connPcte~l together by a gas conduit.
A cooling layer about the entire outer circumference of the tank furnace lowers the temperature therein to prevent extra or llnn~cçssary combustion except at the portion in the vicinity of the bottom of the solid fuel to reduce the production of soot, smoke or dust to a ~ , thus pc~ iL~ g production of a clear dry ~i~till~tion gas.
Using a three-layer structure in the bottom of the tank furnace improves the durability of the high telllpel~lurc portion on the surface of the bottom portion. A cooling layer, through which combustion air passes on its way to the interior of the tank furnace, keeps the telllpcl~lulc of the bottom surface of the tank furnace at a relatively low cl~Lulc without p~."~illi"g the temperature to rise higher than is required. The air passing through the cooling layer is pre-heated to improve the efficiency of the tank furnace.
The sides of the air chamber include cle~nin~ ports to enable the cleaning out of residual hll~ulilies that may have dropped through the air duct in the bottom of the tank furnace.
The hll~ulily separation tank in the middle of the gas conduit cleans the dry ~i~till~tion gas to permit complete combustion in the combustion gas burner unit without the emission of soot, dust or smoke.
Clean dry (li~till~tion gas from the gas conduit section of the burner body is ignited by a pilot in a preheat burner section, and is then rotated, agit~te~ and mixed 3 o with air from openings of the first and second air supply sections within the cylindrical burner body.
Having described plcfcllcd embodiments of the invention with ~relcllce to the accolllpallyillg drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those .
precise embodiments, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A combustion gas burner unit comprising:
a burner body having a longitudinal axis;
a gas conduit portion at bottom end portion of said burner body;
a combustion chamber in said burner body a preheat burner section for igniting a pilot at a position close to an upstream end of said combustion chamber;
an air storage layer surrounding a substantial portion of a circumference of said combustion chamber;
a first air supply section from outside to an interior of said combustion chamber, skewed at a first angle for rotating injected air in a spiral;
a second air supply section from said air storage layer to said interior, skewedat a second angle for rotating injected air in a spiral;
said second angle having a shallower forward angle with respect to said longitudinal axis than said first angle, thereby producing a higher component of air velocity along axis of said burner body;
an injection point of said first air supply section being upstream of an injection point of said second air supply section;
air injected through said second air supply section being preheated in said air storage layer; and said first and second angles being effective for agitating and mixing a dry distillate fuel gas with air from said first and second air supply sections.
a burner body having a longitudinal axis;
a gas conduit portion at bottom end portion of said burner body;
a combustion chamber in said burner body a preheat burner section for igniting a pilot at a position close to an upstream end of said combustion chamber;
an air storage layer surrounding a substantial portion of a circumference of said combustion chamber;
a first air supply section from outside to an interior of said combustion chamber, skewed at a first angle for rotating injected air in a spiral;
a second air supply section from said air storage layer to said interior, skewedat a second angle for rotating injected air in a spiral;
said second angle having a shallower forward angle with respect to said longitudinal axis than said first angle, thereby producing a higher component of air velocity along axis of said burner body;
an injection point of said first air supply section being upstream of an injection point of said second air supply section;
air injected through said second air supply section being preheated in said air storage layer; and said first and second angles being effective for agitating and mixing a dry distillate fuel gas with air from said first and second air supply sections.
2. A combustion apparatus for burning a fuel gas comprising:
a combustion chamber;
an air storage layer surrounding said combustion chamber;
said air storage layer receiving heat from said combustion chamber to preheat air therein;
means for flowing said fuel gas through said combustion chamber;
first means for injecting a first supply of air from outside said combustion chamber into said combustion chamber;
second means for injecting a second supply of preheated air from said air storage layer into said combustion chamber;
air injected by said second means being injected downstream of a location at which air is injected by said first means; and said first means and said second means both including means for producing a spiral flow of air in said combustion chamber, whereby agitation and mixing of said fuel gas with said air is enabled; and said second means including means to produce a higher component of air velocity along a longitudinal axis of a burner body than said first means.
a combustion chamber;
an air storage layer surrounding said combustion chamber;
said air storage layer receiving heat from said combustion chamber to preheat air therein;
means for flowing said fuel gas through said combustion chamber;
first means for injecting a first supply of air from outside said combustion chamber into said combustion chamber;
second means for injecting a second supply of preheated air from said air storage layer into said combustion chamber;
air injected by said second means being injected downstream of a location at which air is injected by said first means; and said first means and said second means both including means for producing a spiral flow of air in said combustion chamber, whereby agitation and mixing of said fuel gas with said air is enabled; and said second means including means to produce a higher component of air velocity along a longitudinal axis of a burner body than said first means.
3. Apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising:
a preheat burner upstream of said location;
a pilot associated with said preheat burner for igniting said fuel gas entering said combustion chamber.
a preheat burner upstream of said location;
a pilot associated with said preheat burner for igniting said fuel gas entering said combustion chamber.
4. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said combustion chamber is cylindrical.
5. Apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said combustion chamber is ceramic.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2417797A JPH0689345B2 (en) | 1990-12-21 | 1990-12-21 | Dry distillation gas generator and dry distillation gasification combustion device |
| JP2417796A JP2678162B2 (en) | 1990-12-22 | 1990-12-22 | Pyrolysis gasification combustion device |
| JP2-417796 | 1990-12-22 | ||
| CA002076651A CA2076651C (en) | 1990-12-21 | 1990-12-25 | Dry distillation gasification combustion equipment, dry distillation gas generator, and combustion gas burner unit |
| JP2-417797 | 1991-12-21 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002076651A Division CA2076651C (en) | 1990-12-21 | 1990-12-25 | Dry distillation gasification combustion equipment, dry distillation gas generator, and combustion gas burner unit |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2149858A1 CA2149858A1 (en) | 1992-06-22 |
| CA2149858C true CA2149858C (en) | 1999-02-09 |
Family
ID=27169173
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002149858A Expired - Fee Related CA2149858C (en) | 1990-12-21 | 1990-12-25 | Dry distillation gasification combustion equipment dry distillation gas generator, and combustion gas burner unit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2149858C (en) |
-
1990
- 1990-12-25 CA CA002149858A patent/CA2149858C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2149858A1 (en) | 1992-06-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |