CA2148840A1 - Dry water-dispersible glyphosate phytoactive formulation - Google Patents
Dry water-dispersible glyphosate phytoactive formulationInfo
- Publication number
- CA2148840A1 CA2148840A1 CA 2148840 CA2148840A CA2148840A1 CA 2148840 A1 CA2148840 A1 CA 2148840A1 CA 2148840 CA2148840 CA 2148840 CA 2148840 A CA2148840 A CA 2148840A CA 2148840 A1 CA2148840 A1 CA 2148840A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- formulation
- water
- glyphosate
- phytoactive
- surfactant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- A01N57/20—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds containing acyclic or cycloaliphatic radicals
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
2148840 9410844 PCTABScor01 This invention relates to a novel dry water-soluble and water-dispersible phytoactive formulation of glyphosate (the free acid N-phosphonomethylglycine) and an inorganic or organic, non-caustic, non-effervescing basic material.
Description
-1~ 2148~340 ::!", 'WO 94J10~4 PCT/GB93/02204 j--t- I ::
DRY WATER-DISPERSIBLE GLYPHOSATE , :
PHYTOACTIVE FORMULATION
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to a novel dry water-dispers~
ible, phytoactive formulation of glyphosate ~the free acid N-phosphonomethylglycine) and an inorganic or organic, non-caustic, non-effervescing basic mat~erial.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
"~
Glyphosate, the free acid N-phosphonomethylglycine ~
[HQOCCH2NH CH2 PO(OH)2~ is well known in the art as an effec- ~-tive plant growth regulator, as an herbicide, as a de~oliant or the ~ike. Glyphosate is relati~ely wat~r insoluble and is typically ~ormulated as a water-soluble salt. These water- ~
soluble salts are often difficult to obtain in solid ~orm. ~.
They can form glassy, non-crystalline solids which transform rapidly into wet cakes when exposed to the air.
'~
Commercial formulations of the water-soluble glyph~
sate salts are generally not sold in a solid ~orm, but sold as aqueous sGlutions. Publications dealing with such formula-tions are:
.
~ U.S. Patent N~ 3,799,758, Franæ, March 2~
: 1974, entitled 'iN-Phosphonomethylglycine Phytotoxicant Compositions";
,.
U.S. Patent No. 4,405,531, Franz, September 20, 1983, entitled "Salts of N-Phosphono-.
methylglycine";
5UB~TtTUTE SHI~ET
WO94/l0~4 21 4 8 8 4 O PCT/GB93/02 ~ .~
U~S. Patent No. 4,315,765, Large, February 16, 1982, entitled "Trialkylsulfonium Salts -of N-Phosphonomethylglycine and Their Use~
As Pl~nt Growth Regulators and Herbicides"; :~-~.
U.S. Patent No. 4,397,6:7.6, Bakel, August 9, 1983, entitled l'N-Phosphonomethyl Glycine Derivatives";
';,' U.S. Patent No. 4,481,026, Prisbylla, November 6, 1984, entitled l'Aluminum N-Phosphono- :.
methyl~lycine And Its Use As A
Herbicide";
Great Britain Publication Specification No.
DRY WATER-DISPERSIBLE GLYPHOSATE , :
PHYTOACTIVE FORMULATION
FIELD OF INVENTION
This invention relates to a novel dry water-dispers~
ible, phytoactive formulation of glyphosate ~the free acid N-phosphonomethylglycine) and an inorganic or organic, non-caustic, non-effervescing basic mat~erial.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
"~
Glyphosate, the free acid N-phosphonomethylglycine ~
[HQOCCH2NH CH2 PO(OH)2~ is well known in the art as an effec- ~-tive plant growth regulator, as an herbicide, as a de~oliant or the ~ike. Glyphosate is relati~ely wat~r insoluble and is typically ~ormulated as a water-soluble salt. These water- ~
soluble salts are often difficult to obtain in solid ~orm. ~.
They can form glassy, non-crystalline solids which transform rapidly into wet cakes when exposed to the air.
'~
Commercial formulations of the water-soluble glyph~
sate salts are generally not sold in a solid ~orm, but sold as aqueous sGlutions. Publications dealing with such formula-tions are:
.
~ U.S. Patent N~ 3,799,758, Franæ, March 2~
: 1974, entitled 'iN-Phosphonomethylglycine Phytotoxicant Compositions";
,.
U.S. Patent No. 4,405,531, Franz, September 20, 1983, entitled "Salts of N-Phosphono-.
methylglycine";
5UB~TtTUTE SHI~ET
WO94/l0~4 21 4 8 8 4 O PCT/GB93/02 ~ .~
U~S. Patent No. 4,315,765, Large, February 16, 1982, entitled "Trialkylsulfonium Salts -of N-Phosphonomethylglycine and Their Use~
As Pl~nt Growth Regulators and Herbicides"; :~-~.
U.S. Patent No. 4,397,6:7.6, Bakel, August 9, 1983, entitled l'N-Phosphonomethyl Glycine Derivatives";
';,' U.S. Patent No. 4,481,026, Prisbylla, November 6, 1984, entitled l'Aluminum N-Phosphono- :.
methyl~lycine And Its Use As A
Herbicide";
Great Britain Publication Specification No.
2,098,481, entitled "Herbicidal Formula tions"~ :
':
~ n general, the aqueous glyphosate solutions con-tain:from about 0.1 to about 70% free acid; more commonly they contain 25-35% glyphosate. These solutions are acidic .
: and contain chelating properties. ~ l ...
To avoid the problems associated with aqueous 501u-~ tions o~ glyphosate salt, it would be desirable to package : and sell glyphosate compounds in dry or solid form. These formulations would realize substantial savings in terms of ~ -~
storage, transporkation and container disposal charges and avoid the problem associated with aqueous solutions.
. ,"!~j, A number of~patents generally disclosing so-called wettable or soluble powder compositions containing glyphosate salts include U.S. Patent No. 4,025,331, 4,414,1~8; 4,481,026 and 4,405,531. They broadly disclose composltions which include an inert solid extender and one or more surfactants. `~
A disadvantage of such wettable powders is that the solid extender reduces the amount of active ingredient which can be ~`
SlJB~3TlTUTE~ SHEET
~`W094/tO~4 21 '1~ 8 4 ~ PCT/GB93/02204 f~
':
~ n general, the aqueous glyphosate solutions con-tain:from about 0.1 to about 70% free acid; more commonly they contain 25-35% glyphosate. These solutions are acidic .
: and contain chelating properties. ~ l ...
To avoid the problems associated with aqueous 501u-~ tions o~ glyphosate salt, it would be desirable to package : and sell glyphosate compounds in dry or solid form. These formulations would realize substantial savings in terms of ~ -~
storage, transporkation and container disposal charges and avoid the problem associated with aqueous solutions.
. ,"!~j, A number of~patents generally disclosing so-called wettable or soluble powder compositions containing glyphosate salts include U.S. Patent No. 4,025,331, 4,414,1~8; 4,481,026 and 4,405,531. They broadly disclose composltions which include an inert solid extender and one or more surfactants. `~
A disadvantage of such wettable powders is that the solid extender reduces the amount of active ingredient which can be ~`
SlJB~3TlTUTE~ SHEET
~`W094/tO~4 21 '1~ 8 4 ~ PCT/GB93/02204 f~
transported in a container of a particular size. A further disadvantage is that many of the phytoactive glyphosate-salt compounds are hygroscopic~ They absorb water from the ~ir .
and further they are deliquescent, wherein the compounds absorb atmospheric water and dissolve in the water thus t absorbed.
A number of recent publi~ations have described a solution to the problem of hygroscopicity or deliquescence.
U.S. Patent No. 4,140,513, Prill, February 20, 1979, entitled "Sodium Sesqulglyphosate" describes a unique salt of glyphosate which although water-soluble, crystallizes readily from concentrated aqueous solutions.
UOS. Patent No. 4,931, 0~0, Chan et al., June 5, -1990 entitled "Solid Phytoactive Compositions Method of Use and Methods 0~ Preparat:ion" discloses the admixture of a phytoactive N-phosphonomethyl N-carboxymethyl compound, pref-erably a salt, with a solvent and a molten surfactant. The solvent is subsequently removed and the surfactant is cooled to a point wherein it becomes solid at ambient temperature.
The product is further processed into particulate form.
,~
U.S. Patent No~ 5,047l079, Djafar et al., September 10, 1991, entitled "Method of Preparation and Use of Solid Phytoactive Compositions" describes phytoactive glyphosate composition as claimed in U.S. Pa~ent No. 4,931,0B0, however, a more efficient process is claimed wherein one of the steps described in U.S. Patent No. 4,931,080 is eliminated, i.e., the elimination of the preparation of the salt in an aqueous ~.
so~vent system. '~``
EPA 378 985, entitled "Improved Glyphosate Formula- `
tions" discloses dry water soluble compositions comprising a water solu~le salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine as a water- -dispersible granule, water-soluble granule or water-soluble powder and additionally one or more liquid surfac~ants.
Sl~ 3TlTUTE SHEET
W094/10 ~ ~ 48~ 4~ PCT/GB93/02i~
_4_ U.S. Patent No. 5,118,338, Mollex, June 2, 1992, entitled "Herbicidal Formulation Containing Glyphosate Acid"
discloses gran~lar or powdery herbicidal formulations of the free acid, glyphosate and a surface-active ingredient that is a powdery or granular nonionic polyglycol ether of a straight chain, saturated, high molecular weight fatty alcohol.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A phytoactive, dry, water-soluble and water- -dispersible formulation has now been developed which includes glyphosate, the free acid of N-phosphonomethylglycine and an inorganic or organic, non-caustic, non-effervescing basic material. The final product is a substantially non-hygro scopic formulation which retains its physical and chemical properties. While not necessary, other conventional a~juvants may be incorporated into the formulations.
~.
It is an object of this invention to provide a dry, substantially non-hygroscopic, water-soluble and water-dispersible agriculturally acceptable formulation of glypho-sate hereinafter described in more detail.
,:
It is another object of this invenkion to provide a high-loading formulation of glyphosate which readily dis- ~-so~ves in water.
~.
It is another object of the invention to provide a ~ ~-formulation with decreased dermal penetration thereby ~ ;
increasing user safety. . ~
~. ~
It is another object o~ this invention to provide a dry phytoactive formulation which can be packaged in low cost containers and is free from the problems associated with glyphosate salt solutions.
".
S0~ tTU~TE SHEET :~:
~W094/10~ 2 i 1 8 8 ~ D PCT/GB93/02204 Another object of this invention is to provide a ~ -herbicidal method of use by applying said formulation to the ¦
locus.
A more thorough disclosure of the present invention is presented in the detai.led des~ription which follows:
.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it has now been found that dry phyto- -active glyphosate formulations can be readily prepared in a solid form that is readily solubilized in an aqueous media comprising the free acid, glyphosate, an inorganic or organic basic material and optionally surfactants or other adjuvants.
As used herein the term "solid" refers to the physical state wherein the formulation has a specific shape and volume and resists deformation. The solid may take the form of pellets, flakes, granules, powder or the like. The solid formulation mày subsequently be dissolved in a suita~le diluent, usually and preferably water, at a remote field site, and applied to the plants upon which the formulations phytoactivity is to be directed. The term "water-dispers-ible'l is used in the broad sense to encompass water-soluble.
As used herein the term "phytoactivel' as used in describin~ this invention means effective as a plant growth regulator, as a herbicide, as a defoliant or the like.
The term "he~bicidally effective amount" designates any amount of the glyphosate disclosed herein which will kill ~--a plant or any portion thereof. By "plantsl' is meant germi-nate seeds, emerging seedlings, and established vegetation including; roots and above-ground portions. Herbicidal effects include killing, defoliation, desiccation, stunting, leaf burn and dwarfing. Herbicidal effects are generally , SU~ lTl~T~ SHE~T
W094/l0844 214~84~ -6- PCr/GB93102~ e achieved at higher application rates than growth regulating effects.
Several processes for the prep~ration of glyphosate are disclosed in the patent literature., e~g. U.S. Patent No. :~
3,799,758 (Franzr March 26, 19?4)- .
The choice of a basic material is very important. `.
The basic material must be a solid or liquid at amhient temperatures, preferably solid, non-hygroscopic and prefer- ~
ably non-effervescing. :
,~-Furthermore, it must give a basic pH in water. The -preferred material to be used in the formulation of this invention is diammonium phosphate and basic guanidine salts for example, guanidinium acetate. Other basic materials which can be used in the practice of the invention include ammonium, sodium and potassium salts; urea derivatives such -~
as urea ni~rate, ure2 phosphate; naturally occurring basic amino acids such as lysinel glycine, arginine and histidine; sugar .
alcohols such as sorbitol, guano and bone meal.
!, Suitable surfactants for use in this invention include nonionic, anionic, cationic, amphoteric surfactants ~`
and mixtures thereof. .
While not intended to limit the invention, the following suitable surfactants are pro~ided as examples.
Nonionic surfactants include lauryl alcohols, for example, Brij 30; alkoxylated fatty alcohols, for exa~ple, PLURAFAC LF
120; block copolymers of EO/PO, for example, PLURONIC PE. ~ n 10100 and SYNPERONIC PE/P84; alkylphenoxy polyethoxy .:
ethanols, for example, TRITON X-100; sorbitan monopalmitates, for example, TWEEN 40; sorbitan trioleates, for example, TWEEN 85; polyalkoxylated alkyphenols, for example, WITCONOL
NS 108 LQ; dialkylphenol ethoxylates, ~or example, IGEPAL DM
SUE3~3T5T~JTE SHEET
2 ~
WO94/10~4 PCT/~B93/0220q ~-7 f 970 F; alkylpol~glysocides, for example, TRITON BG-10 AND APG
300 and mixtures thereof.
t Cationic surfactants include primary fatty amines, for example, ARMEEN T; quaternary ammonium compounds, for example, ARQUADS-50; ethoxylated fatty diamines, for example, ETHODUOMEEN T/25 and ETHOMEEN T/25 and mixtures thereof.
, Amphoteric surfactants include amino oxide and ~ amino acid derivatiYes, for example., ARMEEN Z and betaine I derivatives.
Other surfactants which can be used in the inven-tion are generally classified as alkanolamides; ethoxylated alcohols; ethoxylated alkylphenols; ethoxylated amines and amides; ethoxylated fatty aoids; fatty esters; glycol esters;
quaternary surfactants; silicone based surfactants; sorbitan derivatives; sucrose and glucose esters and derivatives and sulfosuccinates and derivatives and mixtures thereof. These surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's Emulsifiers and Deter-qents which is incorporatt2d herein by reference.
While the formulations need not include adjuvants, they can optionally contain conventional adjuvants such as wetting agents, dispersing agents, surfactants, anti-foaming agents, emulsifiers, drying acids, heat stabilizers, disper-sants and other agriculturally acceptable materials. The choice of a particular adjuvant will be easily made by one skilled in the art, without undue experimentation based on ~, the teachings of this specification. The term adjuvant is used herein to mean an agent used ~o aid the operation or improve the effectiveness of the phytoacti~ity of glyphosate~
~ t Said formulations of this invention are typically in the range 1 to 99% waight glyphosate and preferably 20 to 99% weight glyphosate; 20 to 100% weight base preferably 35-100% weight base and 0.1 to 15% weight surfactant. The moisture content of said ~ormulation is in the range from StU~tt~tTlTLl~E SHEET
and further they are deliquescent, wherein the compounds absorb atmospheric water and dissolve in the water thus t absorbed.
A number of recent publi~ations have described a solution to the problem of hygroscopicity or deliquescence.
U.S. Patent No. 4,140,513, Prill, February 20, 1979, entitled "Sodium Sesqulglyphosate" describes a unique salt of glyphosate which although water-soluble, crystallizes readily from concentrated aqueous solutions.
UOS. Patent No. 4,931, 0~0, Chan et al., June 5, -1990 entitled "Solid Phytoactive Compositions Method of Use and Methods 0~ Preparat:ion" discloses the admixture of a phytoactive N-phosphonomethyl N-carboxymethyl compound, pref-erably a salt, with a solvent and a molten surfactant. The solvent is subsequently removed and the surfactant is cooled to a point wherein it becomes solid at ambient temperature.
The product is further processed into particulate form.
,~
U.S. Patent No~ 5,047l079, Djafar et al., September 10, 1991, entitled "Method of Preparation and Use of Solid Phytoactive Compositions" describes phytoactive glyphosate composition as claimed in U.S. Pa~ent No. 4,931,0B0, however, a more efficient process is claimed wherein one of the steps described in U.S. Patent No. 4,931,080 is eliminated, i.e., the elimination of the preparation of the salt in an aqueous ~.
so~vent system. '~``
EPA 378 985, entitled "Improved Glyphosate Formula- `
tions" discloses dry water soluble compositions comprising a water solu~le salt of N-phosphonomethylglycine as a water- -dispersible granule, water-soluble granule or water-soluble powder and additionally one or more liquid surfac~ants.
Sl~ 3TlTUTE SHEET
W094/10 ~ ~ 48~ 4~ PCT/GB93/02i~
_4_ U.S. Patent No. 5,118,338, Mollex, June 2, 1992, entitled "Herbicidal Formulation Containing Glyphosate Acid"
discloses gran~lar or powdery herbicidal formulations of the free acid, glyphosate and a surface-active ingredient that is a powdery or granular nonionic polyglycol ether of a straight chain, saturated, high molecular weight fatty alcohol.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A phytoactive, dry, water-soluble and water- -dispersible formulation has now been developed which includes glyphosate, the free acid of N-phosphonomethylglycine and an inorganic or organic, non-caustic, non-effervescing basic material. The final product is a substantially non-hygro scopic formulation which retains its physical and chemical properties. While not necessary, other conventional a~juvants may be incorporated into the formulations.
~.
It is an object of this invention to provide a dry, substantially non-hygroscopic, water-soluble and water-dispersible agriculturally acceptable formulation of glypho-sate hereinafter described in more detail.
,:
It is another object of this invenkion to provide a high-loading formulation of glyphosate which readily dis- ~-so~ves in water.
~.
It is another object of the invention to provide a ~ ~-formulation with decreased dermal penetration thereby ~ ;
increasing user safety. . ~
~. ~
It is another object o~ this invention to provide a dry phytoactive formulation which can be packaged in low cost containers and is free from the problems associated with glyphosate salt solutions.
".
S0~ tTU~TE SHEET :~:
~W094/10~ 2 i 1 8 8 ~ D PCT/GB93/02204 Another object of this invention is to provide a ~ -herbicidal method of use by applying said formulation to the ¦
locus.
A more thorough disclosure of the present invention is presented in the detai.led des~ription which follows:
.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it has now been found that dry phyto- -active glyphosate formulations can be readily prepared in a solid form that is readily solubilized in an aqueous media comprising the free acid, glyphosate, an inorganic or organic basic material and optionally surfactants or other adjuvants.
As used herein the term "solid" refers to the physical state wherein the formulation has a specific shape and volume and resists deformation. The solid may take the form of pellets, flakes, granules, powder or the like. The solid formulation mày subsequently be dissolved in a suita~le diluent, usually and preferably water, at a remote field site, and applied to the plants upon which the formulations phytoactivity is to be directed. The term "water-dispers-ible'l is used in the broad sense to encompass water-soluble.
As used herein the term "phytoactivel' as used in describin~ this invention means effective as a plant growth regulator, as a herbicide, as a defoliant or the like.
The term "he~bicidally effective amount" designates any amount of the glyphosate disclosed herein which will kill ~--a plant or any portion thereof. By "plantsl' is meant germi-nate seeds, emerging seedlings, and established vegetation including; roots and above-ground portions. Herbicidal effects include killing, defoliation, desiccation, stunting, leaf burn and dwarfing. Herbicidal effects are generally , SU~ lTl~T~ SHE~T
W094/l0844 214~84~ -6- PCr/GB93102~ e achieved at higher application rates than growth regulating effects.
Several processes for the prep~ration of glyphosate are disclosed in the patent literature., e~g. U.S. Patent No. :~
3,799,758 (Franzr March 26, 19?4)- .
The choice of a basic material is very important. `.
The basic material must be a solid or liquid at amhient temperatures, preferably solid, non-hygroscopic and prefer- ~
ably non-effervescing. :
,~-Furthermore, it must give a basic pH in water. The -preferred material to be used in the formulation of this invention is diammonium phosphate and basic guanidine salts for example, guanidinium acetate. Other basic materials which can be used in the practice of the invention include ammonium, sodium and potassium salts; urea derivatives such -~
as urea ni~rate, ure2 phosphate; naturally occurring basic amino acids such as lysinel glycine, arginine and histidine; sugar .
alcohols such as sorbitol, guano and bone meal.
!, Suitable surfactants for use in this invention include nonionic, anionic, cationic, amphoteric surfactants ~`
and mixtures thereof. .
While not intended to limit the invention, the following suitable surfactants are pro~ided as examples.
Nonionic surfactants include lauryl alcohols, for example, Brij 30; alkoxylated fatty alcohols, for exa~ple, PLURAFAC LF
120; block copolymers of EO/PO, for example, PLURONIC PE. ~ n 10100 and SYNPERONIC PE/P84; alkylphenoxy polyethoxy .:
ethanols, for example, TRITON X-100; sorbitan monopalmitates, for example, TWEEN 40; sorbitan trioleates, for example, TWEEN 85; polyalkoxylated alkyphenols, for example, WITCONOL
NS 108 LQ; dialkylphenol ethoxylates, ~or example, IGEPAL DM
SUE3~3T5T~JTE SHEET
2 ~
WO94/10~4 PCT/~B93/0220q ~-7 f 970 F; alkylpol~glysocides, for example, TRITON BG-10 AND APG
300 and mixtures thereof.
t Cationic surfactants include primary fatty amines, for example, ARMEEN T; quaternary ammonium compounds, for example, ARQUADS-50; ethoxylated fatty diamines, for example, ETHODUOMEEN T/25 and ETHOMEEN T/25 and mixtures thereof.
, Amphoteric surfactants include amino oxide and ~ amino acid derivatiYes, for example., ARMEEN Z and betaine I derivatives.
Other surfactants which can be used in the inven-tion are generally classified as alkanolamides; ethoxylated alcohols; ethoxylated alkylphenols; ethoxylated amines and amides; ethoxylated fatty aoids; fatty esters; glycol esters;
quaternary surfactants; silicone based surfactants; sorbitan derivatives; sucrose and glucose esters and derivatives and sulfosuccinates and derivatives and mixtures thereof. These surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's Emulsifiers and Deter-qents which is incorporatt2d herein by reference.
While the formulations need not include adjuvants, they can optionally contain conventional adjuvants such as wetting agents, dispersing agents, surfactants, anti-foaming agents, emulsifiers, drying acids, heat stabilizers, disper-sants and other agriculturally acceptable materials. The choice of a particular adjuvant will be easily made by one skilled in the art, without undue experimentation based on ~, the teachings of this specification. The term adjuvant is used herein to mean an agent used ~o aid the operation or improve the effectiveness of the phytoacti~ity of glyphosate~
~ t Said formulations of this invention are typically in the range 1 to 99% waight glyphosate and preferably 20 to 99% weight glyphosate; 20 to 100% weight base preferably 35-100% weight base and 0.1 to 15% weight surfactant. The moisture content of said ~ormulation is in the range from StU~tt~tTlTLl~E SHEET
4 ~8~4 -8- PCT/C~93/022~
about 0.01% to about 10% weight and preferably less than about 1.0~ and most preferably less than about 0.3% weight.
The ratio of glyphosate to basic material varies over a wide -ange. The ratio by weight is typically from 10:1 to about 1:10, The most preferrèd ratio is from 4:1 to about 1:4. The most preferred ratio is from 1:$ to about 1:4.
llhe solid formulation of the invention may comprise a number of embodiments. Particularly, the formulation may comprise a wettable powder or water-soluble or water-disper-sible granule.
Wettable powders are in the form of finely divided particles which disperse readily in water or other liquid carriers. The glyphosate particles are mechanically mixed together with the particles of bas.ic material such as diam-monium phosphate and surfactant. The mixture may be further milled to a fine powder in the range of about 50 mesh. ;
Representative examples of the formulation are as follows.
The formulations are ba ed on percent by weight.
~XAMPI.~ 1 ,'~.
`,'~
Glyphosate (90-100%) 20%
Diammonium phosphate 80%
Total 100%
. ~:
.
t-Glyphosate (90-lO0~) 50%
Diammonium phosphate 50%
Total 100~
- S U ~ r ~ l- E ~ ff ~ . T ;-`'`:
2 1 ~
'i ;WO 94/10844 PCI/GB93/02204 _ g _ , :
Glyphosate(90-100%) 45%
Diammonium phosphate 50%
IGEPAL DM 970 5~
Total 100%
Glyphosate (90-100%) 50%
Guanidinium acetate 4 5%
PLURONIC 25R8 5%
Total 100%
In the above examples, the glyphosate was milled ~:
with basel and IGEPAL DM 970 or PLURONIC 25R8 was optionally added to the mixture. After mixing, the ~ixture looked -~
slightly soft. The mixture was kept overnight in an oven at 50C. The final product was a dry brittle solid and was neither hygropscopic nor deliquescent.
, The above formulation of this invention can be prepared in any suitable manner known to one skilled in the .:
art.
In another embodiment, the glyphosate can be mixed with the surfactant and milled withou~ ~he basic material.
The range of sux fac~ant is from abou~ V . 196 to about 5 . 0~6 of - .
the total dry weight~ The basic material for example, diam- , .
monium phosphate or guanidinium acetate and any adjuvant mayf' ,.' be added separately. This twin-pack is then available to the ~-user to ~e tank-mlx at the site of use. ;
Representative examp'es of this embodiment are as fcllows:
...
S V B~TltUT E ~ ET
` wog4f10~i488~ PCT/GB93/022~
~1 Component A Glyphosate (90-100%)95%
Total 100%
Component B Diammonium phosphate 100%
~I :
., , ~ EXAMPLE 6 ., ~
Component A Glyphosate (90-190%)95%
PLURONIC Y 68 5%
.1 Total 100%
Component B Guanidinium aceitate 100%
j~!
Another embodiment of the invention is a water-¦ soluble or water-dispersible granular formulation. Granular formu~ations in general include both extrudates and rela-tively coarse particles~and are usually applied without dilution to the area in which suppression of vegetation is desired. Materials used in the process of granulation may be in finely divided ~orm for example an air-milled form.
. Granu-ation may be accomplished by those means well known in the art, including pan ex~rusion or agglomeration, fluidized ~ beds, spray drying, drum dry and the like. A preferred j method i~ the process disclosed in International Application Number PCT/AU 88/00201. The water-dispersiblei granules are . ~.
~ ~ormed by mixing the desired ingredients of the granules into i an extrudable form, extruding the mix and then rolling the extrusion and optionally dr~ing if required. This patent application is hereby incorporated by referience.
-'; ~ - SLIB~TI~WTE 5~EET
'' . .. .
~; WO94/l0~4 PCT/GB93/02204 More particularly, the process comprises mixing the desired ingredients o~ the granule in the presence of water to form an extrudable wet mix, extruding the wet mix and~
rolling the wet extrusions to breaX down sai~ extrusion to form the granules; and optionally drying the granules. The miYing step is carri d out to form an extrudable wet mix which has a dough like consistency. After putting the mix in a form suitable for extrusion, extrusion takes place through orifices of specific sizes. The size of the granule is a function of the ori~ice size. Preferably extrusion orfices will provide extrusions betwee~ 400 and 1200 microns. The rolling process may be done as a batch step or as a contin-uous process in which extrusions are constantly fed from the extruder into the rolling apparatus. The rolled granules are then preferably dried.
In addition to the glyphosate and basic material, the water-dispersible granules of the invention will normally include a surfactant and optionally a carrier or filler.
Examples of fillers include sand; clays and mineral earths such as attapulgite, kaolin, bentonite, fillers earth, keiselguhr, dolomite, talc, diatomaceous earth; fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate and other organic and inorganic materials. The residual moisture of the dried granules will be in the range of about 0% to about 5.0~.
The following specific examples of water-dispers-ible granules are not meant to limit the invention.
% w/w Glyphosate (95% technical) 94.7 MORWET D425 5.0 Residual Water 0.3 Total 100~ ~
MORWET D425 is a naphthalene formaldehyde conden- ;
sate sodium salt.
5U8STITIJ~E~ 5H~ET
WO94/10~4 2 ~ 4 PCT/GB93/022 % w/w ~
Glyphosate (95% technical) 84.2 MORWET D-425 10.0 Talc 5-3 Residual water . 0.5 Total 100%
% w/w ..
Diammonium phosphate (98%) 81.65 GM 40 Clay (Kaolin clay) 10.00 Talc 8.00 Residual H2O 0.35 ~;
Total 100%
% w/w Diammonium phosphate (98%) 81.65 Ultrazine NA 5.00 GM 40 Clay (Kaolin clay) 5.00 Talc 8.00 Residual H2O _0.35 Total ~00~ ~ -A preferred embodiment of the formulation comprises first a water-dispersible granule wherein the active ingre-dient is glyphosate and a second water-dispersible granule ~ ;
wherein the main ingredient is diammonium phosphate. The .
~ormulation further comprises a twin-pack which can be used by the end-user at the site of application and can further be combined with additional adjuvants.
SU BSTI~rl~ll'~ S~EET
214$~0 ~;'' WO94/10~4 PCT/GB93/02204 The phytoactive compositions of this invention are effective when subsequently di.ssolved or dispersed in a suit-able diluent, preferably water and applied to the locus~ , desired by spray or other conventional means. Conventional , adjuvants including wetting agents, penetrating agents, ~ticking or spreading agents and can be added to the final solution or dispersion.
The following examples demonstrate the herbicidaleffectiveness of the invention.
This example demonstrates the post-emergence phyto-toxic activity of the invention. The weed species used in ¦. this example were Cynodon dactylon, common name: bermuda grass and abbreviated CD; Agropyron repens, common nam~:
quackgrass and abbreviated AGR, Convulvulus arvensis, common name: field bindweed and abbreviated CO.~; and Cyperus rotundus, common name: purple nutsedge, and abbreviated CYR.
Individual 6-inch diameter plastic pots were filled with sandy loam soil containing a co~mercial fungicide CAPTAN~ and 17-17-17 fertilizer: ~N-P205-K20 on a weight basis). Tubers of bermuda grass, purple nutsedge and quack- ;
grass rhizomes were planted in individual containers.
Sufficient stock was planted to produce several weed plants per container depending on the size of the plant. Ample seeds of field bindweed were also planted in individual pots~
Six weeks after planting, the emerged seedlings of all species were sprayed with aqueous solutions of the test formulations. Additional untreated pots were used as standards for measuring the extent of weed control in the treated pots. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) was dissolved in 40 milliliters of the adjuvant solution and then added to glyphosate; after dissolving, the remainder of the adjuvant solution WGS added. All adjuvants were applied at o.5% v/v..
S~B~TITIJ~E SHEET
WO94/10~4 21 4 ~ ~ l O PCT/GB93/022~
The solutions were prepared to such dilutions that a spray rate of 25 gallons per acre gave from 0.125 to 1.000 pounds per acre of glyphosate as described for each test. Thre~e replicate treatments were made for each glyphosate rate. The resulting solution was used for spraying at the rates indicated in Table 1. --. . .
Fourteen, 28 and 49 days after treatment, test pots were compared to the untreated pots and the weeds in each pot were rated visually in terms of percent desiccation ranging from 0% to 100%, with 0% representing the same degree of desiccation as the untreated check and 100% representing complete kill of all weeds. All types of plant injury were taken into consideration. The results are shown in Table 1 and 2.
.
,...
SU~35TI~UTE SHEET
21~40 : ` WO 94/10844 PCI`/GB93/02204 -15- f o o o , o ~ o , ~ ~ o , ~ o ~ I
~ O I ~I r~ O ' ~I 00 0' ~ a) ~\
u ~n ~ ¢ I O r~ O I r~ O ~) I r~ r~ r~ I O~ O r~ "-.~ ¢ o, t~ u~
a .' ~ ' r ~o o o I~ o o Ir~ o o I ~ o o I
C~ r~ o o I~ o o I~o o o I `J o I
¢ ~ ~S ~, ,~
a o c~ o,o r~ ,-,r~ o ~, o ~ r~ ~
U ~ CJ~ O IO c~D s~ I s.~ I
I
r I I ~ o oI ~ ~ oI o r~ r~ I r~ r~ o U ~ ~J Ln s~I ~s c~
U~ .
? ¢ ~~ r~ O I OC~ r~ O I r~ O r~ I r~ O O ~ :
~ O ~ l 0 r'~ . ~ . :
CIC O ~ :
C~ r O ~ O Ir~ ~ O IO O O I O I J~
C~ ~ ~ O I~ ~ O '00 0 0 I r~ r~ O I
¢
S . ~ . .
u ~ E~ C~ r~ ~ oo I r~ ~ o I o o ~D I O ~ r~
~ ~ c~ r~, ~ ~ c~, ~ ~ ~o I O
~ Z
F4 ~ ~ ~
E~ E~ .
V~ ¢ C~ PC I O ~ ~1 I ~ O ~I t~ O ~ I t~ ) r~
H ~ U ~) C C:l ~ ¢ I 0 ~ 0 1 O r~r~ r~ I r~ )S O
: ro ~: ¢ v~ O, ~ ~) I , ,S C~ I C~l C~l ~ C,) r~
~: Cl ~ U
r a . ~ .c ,~ a ~ rX? ~ ~ O~ ~ O O j~ ~ r~ C~ r~ r~ ~ I u~
C~l a ,~ r~ r~ r~ r~ o I ~ o o I r~ ,~ r~ , ~ ~
Z; r~
E-~ ~ ~1 'O O
¢ ~1 ¢ u~ o o o U7 o o o u~ o o o ~r~ o o o ro c) I -S~ ~ ~ u~ o o c~ u~ o o ~ u- o o c~ o o ~ v ~} . .
~i ~ ~ ,~ o ,~ " o ,~ n o ~ c~- u o ~ ~ ~ æ
about 0.01% to about 10% weight and preferably less than about 1.0~ and most preferably less than about 0.3% weight.
The ratio of glyphosate to basic material varies over a wide -ange. The ratio by weight is typically from 10:1 to about 1:10, The most preferrèd ratio is from 4:1 to about 1:4. The most preferred ratio is from 1:$ to about 1:4.
llhe solid formulation of the invention may comprise a number of embodiments. Particularly, the formulation may comprise a wettable powder or water-soluble or water-disper-sible granule.
Wettable powders are in the form of finely divided particles which disperse readily in water or other liquid carriers. The glyphosate particles are mechanically mixed together with the particles of bas.ic material such as diam-monium phosphate and surfactant. The mixture may be further milled to a fine powder in the range of about 50 mesh. ;
Representative examples of the formulation are as follows.
The formulations are ba ed on percent by weight.
~XAMPI.~ 1 ,'~.
`,'~
Glyphosate (90-100%) 20%
Diammonium phosphate 80%
Total 100%
. ~:
.
t-Glyphosate (90-lO0~) 50%
Diammonium phosphate 50%
Total 100~
- S U ~ r ~ l- E ~ ff ~ . T ;-`'`:
2 1 ~
'i ;WO 94/10844 PCI/GB93/02204 _ g _ , :
Glyphosate(90-100%) 45%
Diammonium phosphate 50%
IGEPAL DM 970 5~
Total 100%
Glyphosate (90-100%) 50%
Guanidinium acetate 4 5%
PLURONIC 25R8 5%
Total 100%
In the above examples, the glyphosate was milled ~:
with basel and IGEPAL DM 970 or PLURONIC 25R8 was optionally added to the mixture. After mixing, the ~ixture looked -~
slightly soft. The mixture was kept overnight in an oven at 50C. The final product was a dry brittle solid and was neither hygropscopic nor deliquescent.
, The above formulation of this invention can be prepared in any suitable manner known to one skilled in the .:
art.
In another embodiment, the glyphosate can be mixed with the surfactant and milled withou~ ~he basic material.
The range of sux fac~ant is from abou~ V . 196 to about 5 . 0~6 of - .
the total dry weight~ The basic material for example, diam- , .
monium phosphate or guanidinium acetate and any adjuvant mayf' ,.' be added separately. This twin-pack is then available to the ~-user to ~e tank-mlx at the site of use. ;
Representative examp'es of this embodiment are as fcllows:
...
S V B~TltUT E ~ ET
` wog4f10~i488~ PCT/GB93/022~
~1 Component A Glyphosate (90-100%)95%
Total 100%
Component B Diammonium phosphate 100%
~I :
., , ~ EXAMPLE 6 ., ~
Component A Glyphosate (90-190%)95%
PLURONIC Y 68 5%
.1 Total 100%
Component B Guanidinium aceitate 100%
j~!
Another embodiment of the invention is a water-¦ soluble or water-dispersible granular formulation. Granular formu~ations in general include both extrudates and rela-tively coarse particles~and are usually applied without dilution to the area in which suppression of vegetation is desired. Materials used in the process of granulation may be in finely divided ~orm for example an air-milled form.
. Granu-ation may be accomplished by those means well known in the art, including pan ex~rusion or agglomeration, fluidized ~ beds, spray drying, drum dry and the like. A preferred j method i~ the process disclosed in International Application Number PCT/AU 88/00201. The water-dispersiblei granules are . ~.
~ ~ormed by mixing the desired ingredients of the granules into i an extrudable form, extruding the mix and then rolling the extrusion and optionally dr~ing if required. This patent application is hereby incorporated by referience.
-'; ~ - SLIB~TI~WTE 5~EET
'' . .. .
~; WO94/l0~4 PCT/GB93/02204 More particularly, the process comprises mixing the desired ingredients o~ the granule in the presence of water to form an extrudable wet mix, extruding the wet mix and~
rolling the wet extrusions to breaX down sai~ extrusion to form the granules; and optionally drying the granules. The miYing step is carri d out to form an extrudable wet mix which has a dough like consistency. After putting the mix in a form suitable for extrusion, extrusion takes place through orifices of specific sizes. The size of the granule is a function of the ori~ice size. Preferably extrusion orfices will provide extrusions betwee~ 400 and 1200 microns. The rolling process may be done as a batch step or as a contin-uous process in which extrusions are constantly fed from the extruder into the rolling apparatus. The rolled granules are then preferably dried.
In addition to the glyphosate and basic material, the water-dispersible granules of the invention will normally include a surfactant and optionally a carrier or filler.
Examples of fillers include sand; clays and mineral earths such as attapulgite, kaolin, bentonite, fillers earth, keiselguhr, dolomite, talc, diatomaceous earth; fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate and other organic and inorganic materials. The residual moisture of the dried granules will be in the range of about 0% to about 5.0~.
The following specific examples of water-dispers-ible granules are not meant to limit the invention.
% w/w Glyphosate (95% technical) 94.7 MORWET D425 5.0 Residual Water 0.3 Total 100~ ~
MORWET D425 is a naphthalene formaldehyde conden- ;
sate sodium salt.
5U8STITIJ~E~ 5H~ET
WO94/10~4 2 ~ 4 PCT/GB93/022 % w/w ~
Glyphosate (95% technical) 84.2 MORWET D-425 10.0 Talc 5-3 Residual water . 0.5 Total 100%
% w/w ..
Diammonium phosphate (98%) 81.65 GM 40 Clay (Kaolin clay) 10.00 Talc 8.00 Residual H2O 0.35 ~;
Total 100%
% w/w Diammonium phosphate (98%) 81.65 Ultrazine NA 5.00 GM 40 Clay (Kaolin clay) 5.00 Talc 8.00 Residual H2O _0.35 Total ~00~ ~ -A preferred embodiment of the formulation comprises first a water-dispersible granule wherein the active ingre-dient is glyphosate and a second water-dispersible granule ~ ;
wherein the main ingredient is diammonium phosphate. The .
~ormulation further comprises a twin-pack which can be used by the end-user at the site of application and can further be combined with additional adjuvants.
SU BSTI~rl~ll'~ S~EET
214$~0 ~;'' WO94/10~4 PCT/GB93/02204 The phytoactive compositions of this invention are effective when subsequently di.ssolved or dispersed in a suit-able diluent, preferably water and applied to the locus~ , desired by spray or other conventional means. Conventional , adjuvants including wetting agents, penetrating agents, ~ticking or spreading agents and can be added to the final solution or dispersion.
The following examples demonstrate the herbicidaleffectiveness of the invention.
This example demonstrates the post-emergence phyto-toxic activity of the invention. The weed species used in ¦. this example were Cynodon dactylon, common name: bermuda grass and abbreviated CD; Agropyron repens, common nam~:
quackgrass and abbreviated AGR, Convulvulus arvensis, common name: field bindweed and abbreviated CO.~; and Cyperus rotundus, common name: purple nutsedge, and abbreviated CYR.
Individual 6-inch diameter plastic pots were filled with sandy loam soil containing a co~mercial fungicide CAPTAN~ and 17-17-17 fertilizer: ~N-P205-K20 on a weight basis). Tubers of bermuda grass, purple nutsedge and quack- ;
grass rhizomes were planted in individual containers.
Sufficient stock was planted to produce several weed plants per container depending on the size of the plant. Ample seeds of field bindweed were also planted in individual pots~
Six weeks after planting, the emerged seedlings of all species were sprayed with aqueous solutions of the test formulations. Additional untreated pots were used as standards for measuring the extent of weed control in the treated pots. Diammonium phosphate (DAP) was dissolved in 40 milliliters of the adjuvant solution and then added to glyphosate; after dissolving, the remainder of the adjuvant solution WGS added. All adjuvants were applied at o.5% v/v..
S~B~TITIJ~E SHEET
WO94/10~4 21 4 ~ ~ l O PCT/GB93/022~
The solutions were prepared to such dilutions that a spray rate of 25 gallons per acre gave from 0.125 to 1.000 pounds per acre of glyphosate as described for each test. Thre~e replicate treatments were made for each glyphosate rate. The resulting solution was used for spraying at the rates indicated in Table 1. --. . .
Fourteen, 28 and 49 days after treatment, test pots were compared to the untreated pots and the weeds in each pot were rated visually in terms of percent desiccation ranging from 0% to 100%, with 0% representing the same degree of desiccation as the untreated check and 100% representing complete kill of all weeds. All types of plant injury were taken into consideration. The results are shown in Table 1 and 2.
.
,...
SU~35TI~UTE SHEET
21~40 : ` WO 94/10844 PCI`/GB93/02204 -15- f o o o , o ~ o , ~ ~ o , ~ o ~ I
~ O I ~I r~ O ' ~I 00 0' ~ a) ~\
u ~n ~ ¢ I O r~ O I r~ O ~) I r~ r~ r~ I O~ O r~ "-.~ ¢ o, t~ u~
a .' ~ ' r ~o o o I~ o o Ir~ o o I ~ o o I
C~ r~ o o I~ o o I~o o o I `J o I
¢ ~ ~S ~, ,~
a o c~ o,o r~ ,-,r~ o ~, o ~ r~ ~
U ~ CJ~ O IO c~D s~ I s.~ I
I
r I I ~ o oI ~ ~ oI o r~ r~ I r~ r~ o U ~ ~J Ln s~I ~s c~
U~ .
? ¢ ~~ r~ O I OC~ r~ O I r~ O r~ I r~ O O ~ :
~ O ~ l 0 r'~ . ~ . :
CIC O ~ :
C~ r O ~ O Ir~ ~ O IO O O I O I J~
C~ ~ ~ O I~ ~ O '00 0 0 I r~ r~ O I
¢
S . ~ . .
u ~ E~ C~ r~ ~ oo I r~ ~ o I o o ~D I O ~ r~
~ ~ c~ r~, ~ ~ c~, ~ ~ ~o I O
~ Z
F4 ~ ~ ~
E~ E~ .
V~ ¢ C~ PC I O ~ ~1 I ~ O ~I t~ O ~ I t~ ) r~
H ~ U ~) C C:l ~ ¢ I 0 ~ 0 1 O r~r~ r~ I r~ )S O
: ro ~: ¢ v~ O, ~ ~) I , ,S C~ I C~l C~l ~ C,) r~
~: Cl ~ U
r a . ~ .c ,~ a ~ rX? ~ ~ O~ ~ O O j~ ~ r~ C~ r~ r~ ~ I u~
C~l a ,~ r~ r~ r~ r~ o I ~ o o I r~ ,~ r~ , ~ ~
Z; r~
E-~ ~ ~1 'O O
¢ ~1 ¢ u~ o o o U7 o o o u~ o o o ~r~ o o o ro c) I -S~ ~ ~ u~ o o c~ u~ o o ~ u- o o c~ o o ~ v ~} . .
~i ~ ~ ,~ o ,~ " o ,~ n o ~ c~- u o ~ ~ ~ æ
6~ o o o ~ o o o ~ o o o ~ ~ a ¢ ~ ~ o c ~ . ' o ~ ~
s~ Q~ O V ¢
Z
o v v ~ v ~ 0 c.~
H a~ ~d a ~ ~ o o~ ~ ~ -. E~ ~ S s.~ ~; o ¢ o ~ o ~ o ~ o P.~ c~
.s:: o ~: ¢ ~ I~ S ~ ?~
~ ~ ~ o ~ ~
E~ ~: ~ P~ ¢
¢ ~i ~ ¢ C~ ~ ¢ ~i ~ ¢ ~
o ~ ~ ¢ u a. ~ c~ a ¢ c~ a æ
~s SU~351'1TU?lrE S~ET
Wo94fl0844 2l 4884~ PCI'/GB93/022e -16- ~
~ ., ~ ¢ . ~ ~ o C¢~ g . ~o o '., .
~: o o o, . . ..
C~ o~ o o, ' i~
. ':
o a~ O, ., : , . ¢ ~
. ~ o ~
C ' o oo c~ a~i O o o, -o ~ .
. ~ ,.
C~ ~ ~
~ Z~ ~
O ~
I C`J ~ ) ~ ,, E~ C~ ~ ~
:
¢ ~ ~ ~
C: ¢ ~ ~ :
¢ ~ ~ ~ o C; . ~ a O
c~ ~a ~
¢ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ i C~ ~ ~ ~
c~
e~
~D
O
¢ U~ o o o ~ ~ , :
¢ ~ ~ C~ U~ o o _~ ~ V
~ J L
o ~
Z
V
. ~ u~
E-l ~
E~ C to Q ~
Sl~BSTlTt~TE 5HEET
.
WO94/10~4 21~ 8 ~ 4 ~ PCT/GB93/02204 ¦
-17- ~.
EXAMPLE_12 ¦ -The phytoactive effect of the extruded water-~is-persible granules of glyphosate, Example 7 and diammonium ¦~
phosphate, Example 9 was determined from broadcast applica~
tion to established, non-crop field plots of quackgrass. The granules were applied with a C02 sprayer with 8002 Teejet .
nozzles at a volume of 250 L/ha. The plot size was 2 x 6 meters of silty loam soil type. Each treatment was replicate four times using a randomized block design. Application was at the 2-3 leaf growth stage at rates of o.so~ 0.71 and 0.53 kg ~lyphosate per ha at a 1:1 ratio with diammonium phos-phate. The adjuvant, FRIGATE, a tallow fatty acid amine ethoxylate, was added to some of the formulations at 0.5% v/v upon application. At 5, 11 and 40 days after ~reatment, the weeds in each treatment plot were compared to the weeds in ~ -untreated plots and visually rated in terms of percent desic-cation ranging from 0 to 100, with 0 representing the same degree of desiccation as the untreated check and 100% repre-senting complete kill. The results are shown in Table 3.
EXAMPLE 13 ~
The formulation of Example 11 was used to determine ;
the phytoactive effect on Durum wheat var. Kyle. The granules were mixed with FRIGATE at 0.5% vlv and then sprayed with a backpack sprayer at a volume of 115 L~ha, with a pressure of 275 kPA. J
Wheat was seeded at a rate of 90 kg/ha in field plots measuring 3 ~ 6 meters in sandy loam soil with 2 organic matter~
Each treatment was replicated three times in a randomized block design 46 days after seeding. The percent desiccation was evaluated by visual co~parison to untreated plants 5, 14 and 28 days after treatment. The results are shown in Table 4.
SU~STll~Ul~E SHI~ET
W094/l0~4 PCT/GB93/0220.: .
I ~ 4~ ~3 ` -18-TABLE 3 ' TEST APPLICATION ~ DESICCATrON
FORMULATIONRATE DAYS AFTER TREATMENT
k~/ha 5 11 _ 40 Glyphosate O.9O 26 41 2 DAP 0.71 30 45 12 0.53 23 30 13 Glyphosate O.9O 89 86 73 DAP 0.71 80 75 59 FRIGATE 0.53 82 82 67 TESTAPPLICATION % DESICCATION
FORMULATIONRATE DAYS AFTER TREATMENT
_ kq/ha 5 11 40 Glyphosate O.90 99 lO0 99 DAP 0.71 99 99 98 FRIGATE 0.53 92 93 96 The amount of formu~ation which constitutes a phytoactive amount depends on the nature of the plants and the effect desired. The rate of application generally varies from about 0.01 to about SO pounds of glyphosate per acre, preferably from about 0.1 to about 25 per acre with the actual amount depending on the overall cost and desired results. It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that formulations exhibiting lower phytoactivity will require a higher application rate. In general, any conven-tional pos~-emergence method of application can be used.
i -Accordingly, the in~ention also includes a method of killing or controlling undesirable plants by applying an effective amount of the formulation of this invention to the locus of the plant or weed to be killed or controlled.
The specific embodiments described above should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of this invention~
3TITVT~ SHEEll
s~ Q~ O V ¢
Z
o v v ~ v ~ 0 c.~
H a~ ~d a ~ ~ o o~ ~ ~ -. E~ ~ S s.~ ~; o ¢ o ~ o ~ o ~ o P.~ c~
.s:: o ~: ¢ ~ I~ S ~ ?~
~ ~ ~ o ~ ~
E~ ~: ~ P~ ¢
¢ ~i ~ ¢ C~ ~ ¢ ~i ~ ¢ ~
o ~ ~ ¢ u a. ~ c~ a ¢ c~ a æ
~s SU~351'1TU?lrE S~ET
Wo94fl0844 2l 4884~ PCI'/GB93/022e -16- ~
~ ., ~ ¢ . ~ ~ o C¢~ g . ~o o '., .
~: o o o, . . ..
C~ o~ o o, ' i~
. ':
o a~ O, ., : , . ¢ ~
. ~ o ~
C ' o oo c~ a~i O o o, -o ~ .
. ~ ,.
C~ ~ ~
~ Z~ ~
O ~
I C`J ~ ) ~ ,, E~ C~ ~ ~
:
¢ ~ ~ ~
C: ¢ ~ ~ :
¢ ~ ~ ~ o C; . ~ a O
c~ ~a ~
¢ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ i C~ ~ ~ ~
c~
e~
~D
O
¢ U~ o o o ~ ~ , :
¢ ~ ~ C~ U~ o o _~ ~ V
~ J L
o ~
Z
V
. ~ u~
E-l ~
E~ C to Q ~
Sl~BSTlTt~TE 5HEET
.
WO94/10~4 21~ 8 ~ 4 ~ PCT/GB93/02204 ¦
-17- ~.
EXAMPLE_12 ¦ -The phytoactive effect of the extruded water-~is-persible granules of glyphosate, Example 7 and diammonium ¦~
phosphate, Example 9 was determined from broadcast applica~
tion to established, non-crop field plots of quackgrass. The granules were applied with a C02 sprayer with 8002 Teejet .
nozzles at a volume of 250 L/ha. The plot size was 2 x 6 meters of silty loam soil type. Each treatment was replicate four times using a randomized block design. Application was at the 2-3 leaf growth stage at rates of o.so~ 0.71 and 0.53 kg ~lyphosate per ha at a 1:1 ratio with diammonium phos-phate. The adjuvant, FRIGATE, a tallow fatty acid amine ethoxylate, was added to some of the formulations at 0.5% v/v upon application. At 5, 11 and 40 days after ~reatment, the weeds in each treatment plot were compared to the weeds in ~ -untreated plots and visually rated in terms of percent desic-cation ranging from 0 to 100, with 0 representing the same degree of desiccation as the untreated check and 100% repre-senting complete kill. The results are shown in Table 3.
EXAMPLE 13 ~
The formulation of Example 11 was used to determine ;
the phytoactive effect on Durum wheat var. Kyle. The granules were mixed with FRIGATE at 0.5% vlv and then sprayed with a backpack sprayer at a volume of 115 L~ha, with a pressure of 275 kPA. J
Wheat was seeded at a rate of 90 kg/ha in field plots measuring 3 ~ 6 meters in sandy loam soil with 2 organic matter~
Each treatment was replicated three times in a randomized block design 46 days after seeding. The percent desiccation was evaluated by visual co~parison to untreated plants 5, 14 and 28 days after treatment. The results are shown in Table 4.
SU~STll~Ul~E SHI~ET
W094/l0~4 PCT/GB93/0220.: .
I ~ 4~ ~3 ` -18-TABLE 3 ' TEST APPLICATION ~ DESICCATrON
FORMULATIONRATE DAYS AFTER TREATMENT
k~/ha 5 11 _ 40 Glyphosate O.9O 26 41 2 DAP 0.71 30 45 12 0.53 23 30 13 Glyphosate O.9O 89 86 73 DAP 0.71 80 75 59 FRIGATE 0.53 82 82 67 TESTAPPLICATION % DESICCATION
FORMULATIONRATE DAYS AFTER TREATMENT
_ kq/ha 5 11 40 Glyphosate O.90 99 lO0 99 DAP 0.71 99 99 98 FRIGATE 0.53 92 93 96 The amount of formu~ation which constitutes a phytoactive amount depends on the nature of the plants and the effect desired. The rate of application generally varies from about 0.01 to about SO pounds of glyphosate per acre, preferably from about 0.1 to about 25 per acre with the actual amount depending on the overall cost and desired results. It will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art that formulations exhibiting lower phytoactivity will require a higher application rate. In general, any conven-tional pos~-emergence method of application can be used.
i -Accordingly, the in~ention also includes a method of killing or controlling undesirable plants by applying an effective amount of the formulation of this invention to the locus of the plant or weed to be killed or controlled.
The specific embodiments described above should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of this invention~
3TITVT~ SHEEll
Claims (17)
1. A dry phytoactive water-soluble or water-dis-persible formulation comprising the acid, N-phosphonomethyl-glycine and a basic material wherein the basic material is diammonium phosphate or guanidine salts.
2. A formulation of claim 1 which further com-prises one or more surfactants.
3. A formulation of claim 1 or 2 wherein the formulation is a water-soluble or water-dispersible granule.
4. A formulation of claim 1 wherein the basic material is diammonium phosphate.
5. A formulation of claim 1 wherein the guanidine salt is guanidinium acetate.
6. A formulation of claim 1 wherein the formu-lation comprises a first granule of N-phosphonomethylglycine and a second granule of diammonium phosphate.
7. A formulation of claim 6 which further com-prises one or more surfactants.
8. A formulation of claim 1 wherein the ratio by weight of N-phosphonomethylglycine to basic material is between about 10:1 to about 1:10.
9. A formulation of claim 8 wherein the ratio is between about 4:1 to about 1:4.
10. A formulation of claim 1 wherein the form-ulation contains water in the range from about 0.01 to about 8.0 percent by weight of the total formulation.
11. A formulation of claim 10 wherein the water is in the range of from about 0.01 to about 3.0 percent by weight of the total formulation.
12. A formulation of claim 2 wherein said surfactant comprises a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant or mixtures thereof.
13. A formulation of claim 6 wherein the water-dispersible granules are prepared by mixing the N-phosphono-methylglycine into an extrudable form in the presence of water to form an extrudable wet mix, extruding the wet mix, rolling the wet extrusions to break down said extrusions to form granules and optionally drying the extrusions.
14. A formulation of claim 13 further comprising one or more surfactants.
15. A formulation of claim 14 wherein the surfactant comprises between about 0.1 to about 20% by weight of the total formulation.
16. A formulation of claim 13 wherein about 95% of the formulation comprises granules which will pass through a 1700 micron sieve but are returned on a 300 micron sieve.
17. A method of killing or controlling unwanted vegetation by applying to a plant or locus of the plant to be killed or controlled a phytoactive amount of the formulation of claim 1, 2, 6 and 13.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US97311792A | 1992-11-06 | 1992-11-06 | |
| US07/973,117 | 1992-11-06 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2148840A1 true CA2148840A1 (en) | 1994-05-26 |
Family
ID=25520515
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2148840 Abandoned CA2148840A1 (en) | 1992-11-06 | 1993-10-26 | Dry water-dispersible glyphosate phytoactive formulation |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU5373694A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2148840A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994010844A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0733305B1 (en) * | 1995-03-24 | 2002-07-17 | Nv Monsanto Europe Sa | Improved glyphosate compositions and their use |
| US5633397A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-05-27 | Monsanto Company | Preparation of ammonium glyphosate via a gas-solid reaction system |
| US5614468A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1997-03-25 | Monsanto Company | Preparation of ammonium glyphosate using aqueous ammonium hydroxide in a liquid-solid reaction system |
| CA2377806C (en) | 1999-07-28 | 2010-04-13 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Process for making a downstream processable ammonium glyphosate paste |
| US6448434B1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2002-09-10 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Process for making ammonium glyphosate powder |
| US6599858B1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2003-07-29 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Process for making ammonium glyphosate flakes |
| US6541424B2 (en) * | 2000-08-07 | 2003-04-01 | Helena Chemical Company | Manufacture and use of a herbicide formulation |
| US6734142B2 (en) | 2001-04-23 | 2004-05-11 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Ammonium glyphosate compositions and process for their preparation |
| JP2003171214A (en) * | 2001-07-17 | 2003-06-17 | Yashima Chemical Ind Co Ltd | Granular herbicide |
| WO2004019681A2 (en) | 2002-08-31 | 2004-03-11 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Pesticide compositions containing dicarboxylic acids |
| WO2004019684A2 (en) | 2002-08-31 | 2004-03-11 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Process for the preparation of a dry pesticidal composition containing a dicarbodylate component |
| DE602004021092D1 (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2009-06-25 | Sinon Corp | Herbicidal glyphosate containing composition and process for its preparation |
| AU2013337293B2 (en) | 2012-11-05 | 2017-06-15 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Low volatility herbicidal compositions |
| WO2018006059A1 (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-04 | Beckman Coulter, Inc. | Chemiluminescent substrates |
| UY38029A (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2019-07-31 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Aqueous HERBICIDE COMPOSITIONS THAT INCLUDE A GLUFOSINATE COMPONENT AND A AUXINE HERBICIDE COMPONENT |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL65187A (en) * | 1982-03-08 | 1985-03-31 | Geshuri Lab Ltd | N-phosphonomethylglycine derivatives,processes for their preparation and herbicidal compositions containing them |
| JPS62175408A (en) * | 1986-01-29 | 1987-08-01 | Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha Ltd | Fine granular herbicide |
| NZ231897A (en) * | 1988-12-30 | 1992-09-25 | Monsanto Co | Dry water-soluble granular composition comprising glyphosate and a liquid surfactant |
| DK165156C (en) * | 1989-12-20 | 1993-03-01 | Cheminova Agro As | HERBICID FORMULATION CONTAINING GLYPHOSATE ACID |
| DK0448538T3 (en) * | 1990-03-15 | 1997-06-09 | Monsanto Co | Improved glyphosate formulations |
| ATE150254T1 (en) * | 1991-01-24 | 1997-04-15 | Monsanto Co | FORMULATIONS OF GLYPHOSATES |
-
1993
- 1993-10-26 AU AU53736/94A patent/AU5373694A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-10-26 WO PCT/GB1993/002204 patent/WO1994010844A1/en active Application Filing
- 1993-10-26 CA CA 2148840 patent/CA2148840A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5373694A (en) | 1994-06-08 |
| WO1994010844A1 (en) | 1994-05-26 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CA2148840A1 (en) | Dry water-dispersible glyphosate phytoactive formulation | |
| EP0498145B1 (en) | Solid glyphosate compositions and their use | |
| US20130079228A1 (en) | Agricultural spray solution compositions and methods | |
| AU2008363855B2 (en) | A liquid, homogenous herbicide composition, a method of weed control, a method of production of liquid, homogenous herbicide composition and use of a liquid, homogenous herbicide composition for weed control | |
| EP0448538B1 (en) | Improved glyphosate formulations | |
| EP0206537B1 (en) | Solid, phytoactive compositions, methods of use and methods of preparation | |
| JPH04352704A (en) | Glyphosate composition and its use | |
| BG65409B1 (en) | Herbicidal agents containing post-emergence herbicides for soil application | |
| NO841722L (en) | NEW N-PHOSPHONOMETHYLGYCINE DERIVATIVES WITH HERBICIDE EFFECT, AND PREPARATION CONTAINING THESE | |
| EP0719500A1 (en) | Solid glyphosate formulations | |
| FI93416C (en) | Process for the preparation of a herbicide product in granular or tablet form | |
| US8852642B2 (en) | Glyphosate formulation | |
| CA1228866A (en) | Mixed alkylsulfonium salts of n- phosphonomethylglycine | |
| CN111316993B (en) | Solid preparation of herbicide composition and preparation method thereof | |
| JP4932096B2 (en) | Granule wettable powder containing herbicidal active ingredient and method for producing the same | |
| AU2001256335B2 (en) | Glyphosate compositions and their use | |
| CN106259324B (en) | Glyphosate dimethylamine salt water-soluble granule and preparation method thereof | |
| EP0595126A1 (en) | Herbicidal composition and weeding method | |
| EP1145633B1 (en) | Glyphosate compositions and their use | |
| US4534784A (en) | Method of controlling weed pests | |
| AU2001256335A1 (en) | Glyphosate compositions and their use | |
| EP0126561A1 (en) | Bis-alkylphosphonium salts of N-phosphonomethyglycine | |
| DD259127A5 (en) | SOLID PHYTOACTIVE COMPOSITION | |
| JPH02138202A (en) | Plant disease and soil disease controlling composition having water soluble property and long-term stability | |
| AU2013248217A1 (en) | Propyzamide Formulations |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |