CA2142894A1 - Improvements in rock bolts - Google Patents
Improvements in rock boltsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2142894A1 CA2142894A1 CA002142894A CA2142894A CA2142894A1 CA 2142894 A1 CA2142894 A1 CA 2142894A1 CA 002142894 A CA002142894 A CA 002142894A CA 2142894 A CA2142894 A CA 2142894A CA 2142894 A1 CA2142894 A1 CA 2142894A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- rock bolt
- threaded portion
- nut
- interference zone
- threaded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000027455 binding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/008—Anchoring or tensioning means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/44—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/44—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like
- B21K1/54—Making machine elements bolts, studs, or the like with grooves or notches
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/56—Making machine elements screw-threaded elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
2142894 9500744 PCTABS00035 A rock bolt (1) including an elongated body (3) with an externally threaded portion (2) at one end for the free running passage of a nut, except for an interference zone (12) part way along the length of the thread (2) for the forced threaded passage of the nut.
Description
~ W095/007~ ~ 1 ~ 2 8 9 4 PCT/AV94/00353 IMPROVEME~TS IN ROCK BOLTS.
This invention is concerned with the supporting of mine roofs, a practice commonly called rock bolting.
The practice is well known and is one which utilises a rod which is anchored at one end by a chemical anchor in a hole drilled deep into the mine roof and is threaded at the exposed other end. A
retaining plate is passed over the threaded rod end and the plate is clamped against the mine roof by a nut on the threaded end of the rod. The purpose of rock bolt is to support the roof of a mine thereby minimising the chance of rock falls and cave-ins.
The chemfcal anchor is conventionally provided by inserting a cartridge containing two reactive materials in separate cartridge compartments into the hole in the mine roof and then rupturing the ca~tridge compartments and mixing the two reactive materials by rotating the rod in the hole. The rod nut is used in many installation practices as the means for transferring torque from a power source to the rod to cause it to rotate.
Over the years several connections between the rod and the nut have been devised in which the drive connection between the nut and the rod is released when a predetermined resistance to the torque applied to the rod is developed in the chemical anchor. One example is the use of a plug which is pushed aside when the predetermined resistance develops, see for example "
SUBSlrr~TE SHEET ~e26) Wo~s/007~ 21~ 2 8 9 ~ - 2 - PCT/AU94/00353 ~
Australian patents numbered 539083 and 538338.
This invention provides an economic and simple alternative to the forgoing torque resisting plug arrangement. One important feature of the present invention is that when the predetermined resistance is achieved the nut will not be suddenly re~ë,ased, as is the case when the plug of the "plug type" arrangements yields to the applied forces.
In very general terms, the present invention lO- involves the concept of providing a rod which has the cross-sectional shape of a zone of a threaded portion deformed sufficiently to-impede the free passage of the nut along the threads; in the deformed zone. When torque is applied to the nut on the threaded portion of the rod the nut will pass freely over the rod threads until it encounters the deformed zone. The binding action results in the torque applied to the nut being transferred to the rod.
When the resistance to rotation of the rod exerted by a chemical anchor exceeds the force needed to 'j~overcome the binding action of the nut on the threads in the deformed zone the nut will be forced to pass over the ~hreads in the deformed zone. After the nut has passed over the threads in the deformed zone there will be a normal free threading relationship between the nut and the threads on the rod until the nut encounters a roof plate against which it is tightened by means applying a desired torque to the nut.
:,~
~The present invention can be said broadly defined , "
';~ SU~ E SHE~T ~c 26) ~ ; W095/007~ 21~ 2 8 9 4 - PCT/AU94/00353 as a rock bolt including an elongated metal body, an external thread extending over a portion of the body from one end of the body to a termination point spaced from said one end, said threaded portion including an interference zone spaced from said termination point, the external body thread except for that in said interference zone being for free threaded passage of a nut and the external body thread in the interference zone being for forced threaded passage of a nut.
The preferred method o~ manufacturing a rock bolt as set forth above includes the steps of providing the body with the whole of the threaded portion for free threaded passage of a nut and the subsequent step of applying pressure to opposite surfaces of the threaded body portion to locally deform the body threaded portion to provide the interference ~one.
Several presently preferred arrangements and embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
,..
~ 20 Fig.1 is a perspective view of a representative ;x threaded rod of the type currently used as a rock bolt, ~,~
i Fig.2 is a schematic exaggerated front view to show the deformation of the rod threaded portion to provide an interference zone, Fig.3 is a view similar to that of Fig.2 with the bolt rotated 90 degrees to show a side view of the deformed . ~
portion of the bolt, , ~ Fig.4 is an enlarged side view of part of a threaded '~
SUBST111 1T~: C~:FT
WO9~/007~ Z ~ 4Z 8 9 4 PCT/AU94/00353 portion of a rod as shown in Fig.1 after working in a first manner to pro~ide an interference zone in the threaded portion, Fig.5 is a schematic view showing tools for working the rod threaded portion to achieve the deformation shown in Figs.2 and 3 -~
Fig.6 is a schematic view showing -other tools for working the rod threaded portion to achieve the deformation shown in Figs.2 and 3 and Fig.7 is a sectional end view on the section line 7-7 of Fig.2 to further illustrate the slightly oval cross-sectional shape of the rod in the deformed zone.
In Fig.l there is airod 1 having a body 3 provided with a threaded portion 2. The rod of Fig.l is worked, ; preferably cold worked, to provide an interference zone indicated 12 in the threaded portion 2 and the interference zone will have the characteristics of ; cross-sectional shape shown (in very exaggerated form) in Figs~2 and 3. The Figs~2 and 3 represent elevations - 20 of the rod in positions 9O degrees rotational spaced ,, apart.
Fig.4 shows one method of achieving the Figs.~ and 3 result and in~olves /the provision of depressed portions 4 in diametrically opposed positions. The depressions 4 are shown as being rectangular in shape but this is optional and other shapes are possible, for example diamond or oval or round. With the different shapes slightly different (but generally the same) cross-sectional shape for the bolt in the deformed zone ~,, ~, ~ ~ SUBSTrrUTE SHEET ~e ~) ~ W095/007~ ~ 21 4 28 9 4 PCT/AU94/00353 can be obtained.
Figs.5 and 6 show two forms of tool for achieving the Figs.2 and 3 result without forming a depression.
The workheads of the tool of Fig.5 identified 5 and 6 are provided with concave working surfaces 7 and those surfaces are provided with surface contours tnot shown) which are a match for the surface contours of the thread of the portion 2 of the rod 1.
The workheads 8 and 9 of the tool of Fig.6 have convex working surfaces 10 provided with surface contours which are a match for the surface contours of the thread of the portion 2 of the rod 1.
Rod deformation is achieved by placing a zone of the rod threaded portion 2 to be deformed ~etween two workheads whi~h can be in the form of punches (the Fig.4 and Fig.6 methods) or con~ve tool faces (the Fig.5 method) and then applying pressure. The pressure can be applied as a blow or as a squeeze.
The pressure applied is of a magnitude sufficient to deform the zone 12 of the threaded portion of the rod to the general shape shown in Figs.2 and 3. In reality the end result is the provision of a deformed "
zone 12 which is very slightly oval.
The Fig.7 view illustrates the outline of the cross-sectional shape of the deformed zone 12 in full lines ll and the outline of the cross-sectional shape of the undeformed threaded rod portion in broken lines 12. The ovality is again illustrated in exaggerated SUBSTT~UTE SHEET ~e26) W095/007~ PCT/AU94/003S3 ~
21~289~ ~ ~
form for the purpose of illustration. In practice the ovality would be difficult to iden~ify with the eye and is only such as to impede but not pre~ent the passage of the nut through the deformed thread zone.
In a representative example of a rod according to the invention, the rod would have a nominal outside diameter for the threaded portion of 16mm (which would slightly greater than the minor dimension of the oval) and the major dimension of the oval wou~d slightly greater than the nominal diameter. The torque which can be applied to the rod through the nut engaging with the threads in the deformed zone is a function of the deformation and the resultant impedance to the passage of a nut along the thread.
The impeda~ce can ~e readily varied by varying the major dimension of the oval. It has been found through experiment that the major dimension of the ovality can be closely controlled. As a result quite small and readily predicted variations in maximum torque which can be delivered through the nut to rod engagement can be achieved.
The foregoing is a description of preferred embodiments of the inven~ion and it is to be understood~
that changes can be made to details given without departing from the inventive concept disclosed and hereinafter claimed.
SUBSlT~UTE S B ET ~e ~,
This invention is concerned with the supporting of mine roofs, a practice commonly called rock bolting.
The practice is well known and is one which utilises a rod which is anchored at one end by a chemical anchor in a hole drilled deep into the mine roof and is threaded at the exposed other end. A
retaining plate is passed over the threaded rod end and the plate is clamped against the mine roof by a nut on the threaded end of the rod. The purpose of rock bolt is to support the roof of a mine thereby minimising the chance of rock falls and cave-ins.
The chemfcal anchor is conventionally provided by inserting a cartridge containing two reactive materials in separate cartridge compartments into the hole in the mine roof and then rupturing the ca~tridge compartments and mixing the two reactive materials by rotating the rod in the hole. The rod nut is used in many installation practices as the means for transferring torque from a power source to the rod to cause it to rotate.
Over the years several connections between the rod and the nut have been devised in which the drive connection between the nut and the rod is released when a predetermined resistance to the torque applied to the rod is developed in the chemical anchor. One example is the use of a plug which is pushed aside when the predetermined resistance develops, see for example "
SUBSlrr~TE SHEET ~e26) Wo~s/007~ 21~ 2 8 9 ~ - 2 - PCT/AU94/00353 ~
Australian patents numbered 539083 and 538338.
This invention provides an economic and simple alternative to the forgoing torque resisting plug arrangement. One important feature of the present invention is that when the predetermined resistance is achieved the nut will not be suddenly re~ë,ased, as is the case when the plug of the "plug type" arrangements yields to the applied forces.
In very general terms, the present invention lO- involves the concept of providing a rod which has the cross-sectional shape of a zone of a threaded portion deformed sufficiently to-impede the free passage of the nut along the threads; in the deformed zone. When torque is applied to the nut on the threaded portion of the rod the nut will pass freely over the rod threads until it encounters the deformed zone. The binding action results in the torque applied to the nut being transferred to the rod.
When the resistance to rotation of the rod exerted by a chemical anchor exceeds the force needed to 'j~overcome the binding action of the nut on the threads in the deformed zone the nut will be forced to pass over the ~hreads in the deformed zone. After the nut has passed over the threads in the deformed zone there will be a normal free threading relationship between the nut and the threads on the rod until the nut encounters a roof plate against which it is tightened by means applying a desired torque to the nut.
:,~
~The present invention can be said broadly defined , "
';~ SU~ E SHE~T ~c 26) ~ ; W095/007~ 21~ 2 8 9 4 - PCT/AU94/00353 as a rock bolt including an elongated metal body, an external thread extending over a portion of the body from one end of the body to a termination point spaced from said one end, said threaded portion including an interference zone spaced from said termination point, the external body thread except for that in said interference zone being for free threaded passage of a nut and the external body thread in the interference zone being for forced threaded passage of a nut.
The preferred method o~ manufacturing a rock bolt as set forth above includes the steps of providing the body with the whole of the threaded portion for free threaded passage of a nut and the subsequent step of applying pressure to opposite surfaces of the threaded body portion to locally deform the body threaded portion to provide the interference ~one.
Several presently preferred arrangements and embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
,..
~ 20 Fig.1 is a perspective view of a representative ;x threaded rod of the type currently used as a rock bolt, ~,~
i Fig.2 is a schematic exaggerated front view to show the deformation of the rod threaded portion to provide an interference zone, Fig.3 is a view similar to that of Fig.2 with the bolt rotated 90 degrees to show a side view of the deformed . ~
portion of the bolt, , ~ Fig.4 is an enlarged side view of part of a threaded '~
SUBST111 1T~: C~:FT
WO9~/007~ Z ~ 4Z 8 9 4 PCT/AU94/00353 portion of a rod as shown in Fig.1 after working in a first manner to pro~ide an interference zone in the threaded portion, Fig.5 is a schematic view showing tools for working the rod threaded portion to achieve the deformation shown in Figs.2 and 3 -~
Fig.6 is a schematic view showing -other tools for working the rod threaded portion to achieve the deformation shown in Figs.2 and 3 and Fig.7 is a sectional end view on the section line 7-7 of Fig.2 to further illustrate the slightly oval cross-sectional shape of the rod in the deformed zone.
In Fig.l there is airod 1 having a body 3 provided with a threaded portion 2. The rod of Fig.l is worked, ; preferably cold worked, to provide an interference zone indicated 12 in the threaded portion 2 and the interference zone will have the characteristics of ; cross-sectional shape shown (in very exaggerated form) in Figs~2 and 3. The Figs~2 and 3 represent elevations - 20 of the rod in positions 9O degrees rotational spaced ,, apart.
Fig.4 shows one method of achieving the Figs.~ and 3 result and in~olves /the provision of depressed portions 4 in diametrically opposed positions. The depressions 4 are shown as being rectangular in shape but this is optional and other shapes are possible, for example diamond or oval or round. With the different shapes slightly different (but generally the same) cross-sectional shape for the bolt in the deformed zone ~,, ~, ~ ~ SUBSTrrUTE SHEET ~e ~) ~ W095/007~ ~ 21 4 28 9 4 PCT/AU94/00353 can be obtained.
Figs.5 and 6 show two forms of tool for achieving the Figs.2 and 3 result without forming a depression.
The workheads of the tool of Fig.5 identified 5 and 6 are provided with concave working surfaces 7 and those surfaces are provided with surface contours tnot shown) which are a match for the surface contours of the thread of the portion 2 of the rod 1.
The workheads 8 and 9 of the tool of Fig.6 have convex working surfaces 10 provided with surface contours which are a match for the surface contours of the thread of the portion 2 of the rod 1.
Rod deformation is achieved by placing a zone of the rod threaded portion 2 to be deformed ~etween two workheads whi~h can be in the form of punches (the Fig.4 and Fig.6 methods) or con~ve tool faces (the Fig.5 method) and then applying pressure. The pressure can be applied as a blow or as a squeeze.
The pressure applied is of a magnitude sufficient to deform the zone 12 of the threaded portion of the rod to the general shape shown in Figs.2 and 3. In reality the end result is the provision of a deformed "
zone 12 which is very slightly oval.
The Fig.7 view illustrates the outline of the cross-sectional shape of the deformed zone 12 in full lines ll and the outline of the cross-sectional shape of the undeformed threaded rod portion in broken lines 12. The ovality is again illustrated in exaggerated SUBSTT~UTE SHEET ~e26) W095/007~ PCT/AU94/003S3 ~
21~289~ ~ ~
form for the purpose of illustration. In practice the ovality would be difficult to iden~ify with the eye and is only such as to impede but not pre~ent the passage of the nut through the deformed thread zone.
In a representative example of a rod according to the invention, the rod would have a nominal outside diameter for the threaded portion of 16mm (which would slightly greater than the minor dimension of the oval) and the major dimension of the oval wou~d slightly greater than the nominal diameter. The torque which can be applied to the rod through the nut engaging with the threads in the deformed zone is a function of the deformation and the resultant impedance to the passage of a nut along the thread.
The impeda~ce can ~e readily varied by varying the major dimension of the oval. It has been found through experiment that the major dimension of the ovality can be closely controlled. As a result quite small and readily predicted variations in maximum torque which can be delivered through the nut to rod engagement can be achieved.
The foregoing is a description of preferred embodiments of the inven~ion and it is to be understood~
that changes can be made to details given without departing from the inventive concept disclosed and hereinafter claimed.
SUBSlT~UTE S B ET ~e ~,
Claims (9)
1. A rock bolt including an elongated metal body, an external thread extending over a portion of the body from one end of the body to a termination point spaced from said one end, said threaded portion including an interference zone spaced from said termination point, the external body thread except for that in said interference zone being for free threaded passage of a nut and the external body thread in the interference zone being for forced threaded passage of a nut.
2. A rock bolt as claimed in claim 1 where said interference zone has a cross-sectional shape different from that of the remainder of the body threaded portion.
3. A rock bolt as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 where the cross-sectional shape of the body threaded portion is substantially circular and the interference zone has a non-circular cross-section.
4. A rock bolt as claimed in claim 3 where the cross-sectional shape of the interference zone is substantially oval form.
5. A method of manufacturing a rock bolt a claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 4 including the step of providing the body with the whole of the threaded portion for free threaded passage of a nut and the subsequent step of applying pressure to opposite surfaces of the threaded body portion to locally deform the body threaded portion and to provide the interference zone.
6. A method of manufacturing a rock bolt as claimed in claim 5 where said deformation is achieved by creating depressions in opposite surfaces of the body.
7. A method of manufacturing a rock bolt as claimed in claim 5 where said deformation is achieved by squeezing the body threaded portion between two members with surface contours which correspond with the thread form of the body threaded portion with which the two members engage.
8. A method of manufacturing a rock bolt as claimed in claim 7 where said surface contours are in convex surfaces of the members.
9. A method of manufacturing a rock bolt as claimed in claim 7 where said surface contours are in concave surfaces of the members.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPL9617 | 1993-06-28 | ||
| AUPL961793 | 1993-06-28 | ||
| PCT/AU1994/000353 WO1995000744A1 (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1994-06-28 | Improvements in rock bolts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2142894A1 true CA2142894A1 (en) | 1995-01-05 |
Family
ID=3777007
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002142894A Abandoned CA2142894A1 (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1994-06-28 | Improvements in rock bolts |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2142894A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995000744A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003262192B2 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2008-03-06 | Rock Mechanics Technology Limited | A rock bolt |
| WO2007140159A1 (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2007-12-06 | Jennmar Corporation | Tensionable bolt with hanger |
| CA2660562A1 (en) * | 2006-08-14 | 2008-02-21 | Wmc Nominees Pty Limited | A tensioning device |
| GB2449931B (en) | 2007-06-08 | 2011-11-16 | E2V Tech | Power supply for radio frequency heating apparatus |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2223544B1 (en) * | 1973-04-02 | 1976-05-07 | Arbed | |
| US3979918A (en) * | 1973-12-17 | 1976-09-14 | The Titan Manufacturing Company Proprietary Limited | Rock bolts |
| US4122681A (en) * | 1977-09-16 | 1978-10-31 | The Eastern Company | Mine roof support assembly |
| US4132080A (en) * | 1977-11-07 | 1979-01-02 | Stratabolt Corporation | Resin anchored rock or mine roof bolt anchor mechanism |
| DE2941769C2 (en) * | 1979-10-16 | 1985-10-31 | Upat Gmbh & Co, 7830 Emmendingen | Procedure for setting an anchor bolt and anchor bolts |
| US4607984A (en) * | 1984-09-25 | 1986-08-26 | Republic Corporation | Apparatus and method for mine application |
-
1994
- 1994-06-28 WO PCT/AU1994/000353 patent/WO1995000744A1/en active Application Filing
- 1994-06-28 CA CA002142894A patent/CA2142894A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1995000744A1 (en) | 1995-01-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |