CA2142613A1 - Method for operating a communication system having multiple base stations - Google Patents
Method for operating a communication system having multiple base stationsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2142613A1 CA2142613A1 CA002142613A CA2142613A CA2142613A1 CA 2142613 A1 CA2142613 A1 CA 2142613A1 CA 002142613 A CA002142613 A CA 002142613A CA 2142613 A CA2142613 A CA 2142613A CA 2142613 A1 CA2142613 A1 CA 2142613A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- base station
- base stations
- remote device
- handset
- security code
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/08—Access security
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/10—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources
- H04L63/101—Access control lists [ACL]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
- H04W92/04—Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices
- H04W92/10—Interfaces between hierarchically different network devices between terminal device and access point, i.e. wireless air interface
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
A METHOD FOR OPERATING A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM HAVING MULTIPLE BASE STATIONS Abstract of the Disclosure The present invention encompasses a method for establishing and maintaining communication in a portable telephone system adapted to operate with a plurality of base stations and at least one handset on a plurality of channels. The method generally includes steps of assigning a security code to the handset(s) operating in the portable communication system to enable RF communication between the handset(s) and the plurality of base stations (24); communicating the security code assigned to the handset(s) to the plurality of base stations to maintain within each of the plurality of base stations the security code(s) of the handset(s) operating in the system (26); and aligning the channel of the handset(s) with a channel of a base station to allow for communication between each handset and one of the plurality of base stations (28).
Description
- 1 .~,. ~,, METHOD FOR OPERATING A COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM HAVING MULTIPLE BASE STATIONS
Field of the In~D~
The present invention is generally related to i~
cornmunication systems, and more particularly to a method for : `
operating a wireless communication system having multiple base `--stations.
E~çl~r~nd~ he Inv~n~
Previously, wireless communication systems providing `
communication between one or more remote devices and a plurality of remote base stations included a controller to regulate the communication between a remote device and the base stations. The controller would generally provide the hand-off ` ~;
between the base stations when necessary. One example of a wireless communication system having a number of base stations `~ ~
is a cellular telephone system. Generally, the base stations of the `,,;
cellular telephone system are controlled by a cellular control "~
station.
A cordless telephone system is another example of ` `
wireless communication system which could operate with a plurality of base stations. Typically, cordless telephone systems ;-`
include one or more wireless remote devices or handsets which i`
are associated with a single base station. Each of the handsets may communicate with the base station on a different frequency.
Therefore, communication between the multiple handsets and the ~ .
single base station can be accommodated. -In a cordless telephone system having multiple base , stations, it is necessary to allow the handset to communicate with each base station, while preventing unauthorizecl handsets from `;
communicating with the base stations. Accordingly, there is a 3i5 need to assign security codes to each handset and maintain a list of the security codes of all active handsets allowed to operate in the system. Further, when a handset is waiting to communicate with a base station, the handset should be on the same channel as a base station within range to reduce the amount of time 5 necessary to provide a radio frequency (RF) communication link between the handset and a base station. Accordingly, there is a need to align the channel of the handset to a base station which is within range even when the handset is not communicating with a base station. ~;~
10Also, because the strength of the RF communication - `
signals between the handset and the base stations may vary with the relative location of the hands~t to the base stations when the handset is communicating with a base station, it is useful to proYide an RF communication link between each handset and a 15 base station which has the strongest RF communication link.
Accordingly, there is a need to transfer the communication signals between base stations in a wireîess communication system ``
having multiple base station.
As in any wireless communication system having multiple 20 base stations, there is a need to regulate the communication between a handset and the base stations. In particular, there is a need for regulating which base station will communica~e with a particular handset. It is beneficial to regulate communication between a handset and the base stations without employing a 25 separate controller of the base stations. Eliminating any requirement for separate controller wil! reduce both the cost and complexity of ths system. Accordingly, there is a need for a method for operating a wireless communication system having multiple base stations such as a cordless telephone system which 30 eliminates any requirement for a separate controller of the base stations.
~5 2 1 ~ 3 - 3 - ~ ~ -~mm~lnvention The present inven$ion encompasses a method for establishing and maintaining communication in a portable ` ~
telephone system adapted to operate with a plurality of base -stations and at least one handset on a plurality of channels. The methocl generally includes steps of assigning a security code to the handset(s) operating in the portable communication system to enable RF communication betwe,on the handset(s) and the ` ~ ~
plurality of base stations; communicating the security code `;
assigned to the handset(s) to the plurality of base stations to ~ ~ , maintain within each of the plurality of base stations the security ~
code(s) of the handset(s) operating in the system; and aligning -;
the channel of the handset~s) with a channel of a base station to 1 allow for communication between each handset and one of the plurality of base stations.
In another aspect, the present invention discloses a method for assigning security codes for a portable communication system adapted to operate with a plurality of handsets and at ;;
least one base station. The method comprises the steps of providing the current security code of each of the handsets to the `
base station; assigning a new security code to each of the handsets; and placing each new security code on the master list ;
of security codes in the base station.
The present invention further discloses a method for maintaining communication between a handset and one of a "
plurality of base stations when the handset is not actively `
communiçating with a base station. In one aspect of the invention, a method comprises, for each handset, the steps of -periodically sending a handshake request from the handset to the ~:
plurality of base stations: waiting for a return handshake from a base station; and changing the channel of the handset to correspond with the channel of the base station which retumed the handshake.
;''' ;"'~
,', ~';
-2~ 426~ 3 Finaily, in another aspect of the invention, a method for maintaining communication in a portable communication system having a plurality of base stations and at least one handset when a handset is actively communicating with a base station is 5 disclosed. In particular, the method includes steps of evaluating the RSSI level of a signal received at a base station from a handset; instructing remaining base stations to report an RSSI
level and an operating channel; selecting the base station reporting the strongest RSSI signal; instructing the handset to 10 switch to the operating channel; and providing a handshake between the handset and the base station reporting the strongest RSSI signal.
In an alternate embodiment of a method for maintaining communication in a portable communication system having a 15 plurality of base stations and at least one handset when a handset is actively communicating with a base station, the method comprises the steps of evaluating the RSSI level of the signal received at a base station frorn a handset; placing the base station on hold; the handset requesting to make a connection to 20 the base station reporting the strongest RSSI signal; providing a handshake between the handset and the base station reporting the strongest RSSI signal.
,"',',.',. :.
'~ ~'.'.~. ' . .~, . . . .
,`'. ;,-'.'.`'';
'''''','''' . . i ., ~ , ,.. ;
.'. '-'';.:' . ~.
;,-'.. '.
''.',''~ ,: ' ' .,..:,...
,~
. . . , -.' ~ ' i . ~
=~
Brief Desçription of ~l~a~i~9 ~
In describing the present invention, reference is made to , 5 the following drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a conventional wireless ~ :~
communication system having multiple base stations and multiple : . ~
wireless handsets employing the method of the present invention; :: :
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method for operating a communication system having multiple base stations according ~o the present invention; i;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for transferring security ~ -codes between base sta~ions according to the present invention; ~-FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for maintaining a channel ~:
alignment between base stations and handsets according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for establishing an offhook condition of a handset according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for executing a handoff ~- ;
between base stations according to the present invention; and FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an alternate method for executing a :
handoff between base stations according to the present invention.
FIG~ 8 is a block diagram of the preferred circuit for operating a wireless communication system according to the present invention. :.
FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of the preferred signal transceiver circuit shown in the block diagram of FIG. 8.
'.''' `~ I , . .
g l ~
SYSTEM HAVING MULTIPLE BASE STATIONS
Field of the In~D~
The present invention is generally related to i~
cornmunication systems, and more particularly to a method for : `
operating a wireless communication system having multiple base `--stations.
E~çl~r~nd~ he Inv~n~
Previously, wireless communication systems providing `
communication between one or more remote devices and a plurality of remote base stations included a controller to regulate the communication between a remote device and the base stations. The controller would generally provide the hand-off ` ~;
between the base stations when necessary. One example of a wireless communication system having a number of base stations `~ ~
is a cellular telephone system. Generally, the base stations of the `,,;
cellular telephone system are controlled by a cellular control "~
station.
A cordless telephone system is another example of ` `
wireless communication system which could operate with a plurality of base stations. Typically, cordless telephone systems ;-`
include one or more wireless remote devices or handsets which i`
are associated with a single base station. Each of the handsets may communicate with the base station on a different frequency.
Therefore, communication between the multiple handsets and the ~ .
single base station can be accommodated. -In a cordless telephone system having multiple base , stations, it is necessary to allow the handset to communicate with each base station, while preventing unauthorizecl handsets from `;
communicating with the base stations. Accordingly, there is a 3i5 need to assign security codes to each handset and maintain a list of the security codes of all active handsets allowed to operate in the system. Further, when a handset is waiting to communicate with a base station, the handset should be on the same channel as a base station within range to reduce the amount of time 5 necessary to provide a radio frequency (RF) communication link between the handset and a base station. Accordingly, there is a need to align the channel of the handset to a base station which is within range even when the handset is not communicating with a base station. ~;~
10Also, because the strength of the RF communication - `
signals between the handset and the base stations may vary with the relative location of the hands~t to the base stations when the handset is communicating with a base station, it is useful to proYide an RF communication link between each handset and a 15 base station which has the strongest RF communication link.
Accordingly, there is a need to transfer the communication signals between base stations in a wireîess communication system ``
having multiple base station.
As in any wireless communication system having multiple 20 base stations, there is a need to regulate the communication between a handset and the base stations. In particular, there is a need for regulating which base station will communica~e with a particular handset. It is beneficial to regulate communication between a handset and the base stations without employing a 25 separate controller of the base stations. Eliminating any requirement for separate controller wil! reduce both the cost and complexity of ths system. Accordingly, there is a need for a method for operating a wireless communication system having multiple base stations such as a cordless telephone system which 30 eliminates any requirement for a separate controller of the base stations.
~5 2 1 ~ 3 - 3 - ~ ~ -~mm~lnvention The present inven$ion encompasses a method for establishing and maintaining communication in a portable ` ~
telephone system adapted to operate with a plurality of base -stations and at least one handset on a plurality of channels. The methocl generally includes steps of assigning a security code to the handset(s) operating in the portable communication system to enable RF communication betwe,on the handset(s) and the ` ~ ~
plurality of base stations; communicating the security code `;
assigned to the handset(s) to the plurality of base stations to ~ ~ , maintain within each of the plurality of base stations the security ~
code(s) of the handset(s) operating in the system; and aligning -;
the channel of the handset~s) with a channel of a base station to 1 allow for communication between each handset and one of the plurality of base stations.
In another aspect, the present invention discloses a method for assigning security codes for a portable communication system adapted to operate with a plurality of handsets and at ;;
least one base station. The method comprises the steps of providing the current security code of each of the handsets to the `
base station; assigning a new security code to each of the handsets; and placing each new security code on the master list ;
of security codes in the base station.
The present invention further discloses a method for maintaining communication between a handset and one of a "
plurality of base stations when the handset is not actively `
communiçating with a base station. In one aspect of the invention, a method comprises, for each handset, the steps of -periodically sending a handshake request from the handset to the ~:
plurality of base stations: waiting for a return handshake from a base station; and changing the channel of the handset to correspond with the channel of the base station which retumed the handshake.
;''' ;"'~
,', ~';
-2~ 426~ 3 Finaily, in another aspect of the invention, a method for maintaining communication in a portable communication system having a plurality of base stations and at least one handset when a handset is actively communicating with a base station is 5 disclosed. In particular, the method includes steps of evaluating the RSSI level of a signal received at a base station from a handset; instructing remaining base stations to report an RSSI
level and an operating channel; selecting the base station reporting the strongest RSSI signal; instructing the handset to 10 switch to the operating channel; and providing a handshake between the handset and the base station reporting the strongest RSSI signal.
In an alternate embodiment of a method for maintaining communication in a portable communication system having a 15 plurality of base stations and at least one handset when a handset is actively communicating with a base station, the method comprises the steps of evaluating the RSSI level of the signal received at a base station frorn a handset; placing the base station on hold; the handset requesting to make a connection to 20 the base station reporting the strongest RSSI signal; providing a handshake between the handset and the base station reporting the strongest RSSI signal.
,"',',.',. :.
'~ ~'.'.~. ' . .~, . . . .
,`'. ;,-'.'.`'';
'''''','''' . . i ., ~ , ,.. ;
.'. '-'';.:' . ~.
;,-'.. '.
''.',''~ ,: ' ' .,..:,...
,~
. . . , -.' ~ ' i . ~
=~
Brief Desçription of ~l~a~i~9 ~
In describing the present invention, reference is made to , 5 the following drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a conventional wireless ~ :~
communication system having multiple base stations and multiple : . ~
wireless handsets employing the method of the present invention; :: :
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method for operating a communication system having multiple base stations according ~o the present invention; i;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for transferring security ~ -codes between base sta~ions according to the present invention; ~-FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for maintaining a channel ~:
alignment between base stations and handsets according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a method for establishing an offhook condition of a handset according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for executing a handoff ~- ;
between base stations according to the present invention; and FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an alternate method for executing a :
handoff between base stations according to the present invention.
FIG~ 8 is a block diagram of the preferred circuit for operating a wireless communication system according to the present invention. :.
FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of the preferred signal transceiver circuit shown in the block diagram of FIG. 8.
'.''' `~ I , . .
g l ~
Description ~f the Pr~red Em~Q~liment Referring to FIG. 1, a plan view of a wireless 5 communication system 10 having a plurality of base stations 1 1 and a plurality of handsets 12 employing the circuit and method of the present invention is shown. Base stations 11 are coupled by a ~ ~
data link 14 to a single line 16 of a public system telephone ~; -network (PSTN) 18, aithough the method of the present invention 10 could be employed on a system of base stations coupled to ~ -multiple phone lines. While any number of handsets 12 could be incorporated in the wireless communication system, only one handset is required. Handsets 12 could include any device ~ ~
capable of RF communication with base stations 11. An exampl~ I ;
15 of a base station and an associated handset includes a cordless ` ~
telephone. A cordless telephone which could employ the method ~;
of the present invention is disclosed in US Patent No. 5,140,635, assigned to Motorola, Inc., the entire patent of which is incorporated by reference. ;~
As shown in FIG. 1, each base station 11 is in communication with the other base stations by way of data link 14 ` ;
(indicated by the solid lines between the base stations).
Preferably, the data link could incorporate the standard ring and tip lines of the public system telephone network by coupling each ~
25 base station to the same telephone line 16 of the public system `
telephone network. Alternatively, the communication between the `;
base stations could be accomplished by RF communication or over an AC power line. Finally, each handset 12 communicates , ;
with each base station 11 by way of RF communication signals 30 (shown by the brol<en lines in FIG. 1).
Turning now to FIG. 2, a flow chart shows the preferred method for operating a communication system having multiple base stations according to the present invention. To avoid ~ ;~
interference between base stations in a multibase system, each `,35 base station is preferably restricted to a certain subset of the total ~
'..,,,~, .
,;~
,..~
~'". `,,? V ~ ~
-` 2i~2~13 :
available channels. For example, in a frequency division multiple ~ -access (FDMA) 49 Megahertz cordless system, there are presently a total of ten channels available for use. In a system having two base stations, a first base station may be assigned 5 channels 1-5 and a second base station may be assigned channels 6-10. Preferably, the channels assigned to a single base station are not adjacent frequencies in the spectrum. Base ~ -stations always communicate within their channel domain, except -when asked to report their RSSI level on a specific channel for handoff purposes, discussed infra. -In assigning the channel domains for the base stations, it is preferred that no two base stations that could ever be in the RF
range of the same handset may have intersecting channel domains. That is, while the RF range of the base stations intersect to provide seamless handoff, it is preferred that the base -;
stations which have intersecting RF ranges do not have intersecting RF channel domains. Accordingly, if there are less base stations than total available channels, it is possible to ensure that no two domains intersect by exclusively assigning ~ `
20 channels to base stations. Therefore, the base stations may be placed wherever they are desired. It should be noted that if there are less base stations than available channels, the base stations could have overlapping channel domains if the base stations are carefully placed to avoid channels having overlapping channel 25 domains being in the same RF range. However, if a system has more base stations than available channels, care must be taken as to the positioning of base stations having intersecting channel domains.
There are a number of ways to implement domain 3Q assignments for the base stations according to the present invention. The channel assignments could be manually assigned -by using the keypad of the base station to select channels.
Alternatively, the base stations could be preprogrammed at the time of manufacture. Finally, the base stations may be allowed to 35 arbitrate with each other to ensure their non-simultaneous use of RF channels when the base stations have overlapping radii of RF
coverage, and when the bases are within range of a specific remote device. There are a number of ways to arbitrate. For example, the base stations could arbitrate by RF communication 5 when idle or add a separate RF transceiver for arbitration.
Alternatively, the bases could arbitratle over the AC power line or the PSTN. Arbitration would allow bases that are servicing a handset to scan all available (i.e. all 10) RF channels, either automatically or by user request. If a base required the use of a ` -channel outside of its normal channel domain, and that channel ~ ~
,~
was not currently in use, it could simply trade with the base station assigned that channel. Th~s could be done in real time, giving the user access to all available channels. ` ~
To avoid interference from bases outside the multi ~ :
base system (e.g. a neighbor~s phone), bases that are not ~ ~ `
servicing a handset periodically check their RSSI levels to see if a potential interferer exists. If so, the base scans for a clean or unoccupied channel within its domain. Alternatively, the base station could trade if necessary to moves to the unoccupied ~ ~
channel. Then when a handset scanning for a base moves into ;
that bases domain, it is likely that the connection will be established on an unoccupied channel, without requiring any communication on a occupied channel. ~ ;~
I laving established the base station channel domains, security codes can be assigned to the handsets at a step 24.
Generally, security codes are assigned to ensure that only handsets which are a part of the system are allowed to communicate with the base stations of the system. Accordingly, a ~`~
! ~ ' 1 handset associated with foreign base station in the proximity of 30 one of the user's base stations will not be allowed to communicate with the user's base station. Preferably, the security code assigrled to each handset can be assigned when the handset is cradled in the base station. The assignment of security codes can be accomplished by way of a physical connection between the handset and the base station. However, it is ;', ,,. ", ~ ` . ~
2~
g ~ ~
possible to assign security codes by way of RF communication signals. For additional security, an access code may be required by the user before a security code can be assigned to a handset The security code assigned to any given handset by a 5 base station must be communicated to the remaining base stations in the system at a step 26 to allow the handset to communicate with any of the base stations in the system.
Preferably, the security codes assigned to the handsets can be transferred between the base stations by way of a data link, such ~-10 as that disclosed in a U.S. Application invented by Jarnes Mielke and entitled "CIRCUIT AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM" (attorney docket number CE00811 R), such application being assigned to the assignee of the present invention and filed on even date -15 herewith. The aforementioned application generally discloses a method and circuit for transferring security codes as 30 KHz signal on a datalink coupled to the telco line. The circuit is described in detail in reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. Alternatively, the security codes could be preprogrammed at the time of 20 manufacture, manually programmed using the base and/or handset keypads, or randomly generated once (or multiple times via user request) by the handset and then transferred to each base by a one time physical connection (i.e. through the charge contacts). This would eliminate the need for base to base 25 communication, thereby reducing the cost and complexity of the system.
At a step 28, the base stations maintain a channel alignment with the handsets to ensure that an RF communication ~ :
link can be established between each handset and a base 30 station. Generally, each handset will periodically request for a handshake with a base station via the RF communication link on a designated channel. If the handshake request is unsuccessful, the handset will continue to request a handshake on different channels until it receives an acknowledge from a base station.
35 Accordingly, in response to a ringing signal or when the handset ~, .,, . ... - ,,~ .. ..
- :
J 6 :~ 3 , goes offhook to initiate a call, the handset will be on an unused channel associated with a base station which is within range of the handset. Although channel alignment is beneficial in a system having a single base station, maintaining channel 5 alignment is particularly important in system having multiple base stations. When a handset which is moved within the area covered by the base stations, the handset will be able to communicate on an unoccupied channel with one of the base stations within range.
An offhook request to make communication with a base --station is then made at a step 30. The affhook request could be ;;
rnade in response to a rin~ing signal, or when placing an outgoing call. After a connèction is made with a base station, the RF communication link is maintained with the base station until a 15 handoff is required at a step 32. A handoff may be necessary when the user of the handset travels within the region of the base stations. The user may travel outside the range of one base ; ' station and within the range of another base st~tion, requiring a ~ ~
handoff to the other base station. At the end of a conversation, `~ ~
20 the handset will go onhook at a step 34. After going onhook, the -handset will maintain a channel alignment with the base stations as described in reference to step 28. ;~
Turning now to FIG. 3, a detailed flow chart showing the ;~
preferred operation of assigning security codes to the handsets 25 (as shown in block 24 of FIG. 2) is described. Initially, the handset detects that it has been placed in the base charging cradle and -`
send a request for a security code to the base station via RF or .
through the charge contact at a step 40. Preferably, the request includss a copy of the handset's current (i.e. original) security 30 code. The base station then checks a list of all known handset -security codes to determine if it has previously communicated with the handset at a step 42. The base station generates a new random security code at a step 44 and sends it to the handset.
The base station then waits to receive an acknowledge signal . . ~, .
~;''""'`"'~'''' from ~he handset at a step 46 indicating that the new security ~:
code has been received.
If the base station does not receive an acknowledge from the handset, the base station then determines if the handset is still 5 in the base station at a step 48. If the handset is in the base station, the base station generates a new random security code at step 44 and sends it to the handset. However, if the handset is not still in the base station, the base station exits at step 50.
Alternatively, if the security code is sent by way of RF, the base 10 station generates a new random security code at step 44 as shown by the dotted line if no acknowledge is returned form the handset at step 46.
If the base station receives an acknowledge back from the handset indicating that the new security code has been received 15 from the base station at step 46, the base station checks a list of security codes assigned to handsets in the system to determine if the original security code of the handset is in the list at a step 52.
If the original security code is in the list, the base station replaces the original security code with the newly assigned security code 20 at a step 54 and exits at a step 50. However, if the original security code is not in the list, the base station determines if their are any empty slots in the list at a step 56. If there is an empty slot, the base station replaces the empty slot with the new security ~ ~`
code at a step 58. However, if there are no remaining empty slots in the base station, the base station replaces the least recently ; ~ ;~
used security code with the new security code on the list at a step - -60. Accordingly, the base station will maintain a list of all active handsets within the system. As stated earlier, an identical list of ;
security code is maintained in each of the base stations to allow for communication between each handset and any of the base i ;~
stations.
Turning now to FIG. 4, the preferred method of maintaining the channel alignment (shown in block 28 of FIG. 2) is described.
After having assigned the security codes to the handsets, the method of the present invention maintains a channel alignment 2 ~
,~..,~ ~;, between each handset and a given base station. In particular, a periodic timer expires initiating a channel alignment procedure at ~
a step 70. The handset then randomly selects a channel search ~ -pattern with an even distribution of the channels at a step 72. The ~;
5 random distribution of channels is beneficial in a communication system having multiple handsets. in particular, it is a simple method of collision avoidance, shouW more than one handset be searching simultaneously for a base station for alignment or off hook purposes.
1 û The handset sets the operating channel onto the first ;
channel N in the pattern. Preferably, the first channel in the; `
pattern is set to the channel on which the handset was previously -aiigned to a base station. This may decrease the time the channel is occupied for this procedure in the event that the I;
handset is still aligned. The handset then sends a request for a handshake to the base via the RF link on channel N at a step 74.
The method then determines if there is a base on channel N `
which is in range at a step 76. If there is a base on channel N
which is within range, the handset is aligned with the base. i `
Accordingly, the base sends an acknowledge at step 78. If the i handset sees the acknowledge at a step 78, the handset returns to step 70 to wait for the periodic timer to expire to complete -another channel alignment. -~ -If there is no base on channel N which is in range at step -76 or the handset does not see the acknowledge from the base at ;~
step 80 within a predetermined amount of time, the handset ; `^
advances the channel number to the next channel in the pattern ` ~;
at a step 82. The handset then determines if all channels in the -pattern have been used at a step 84. If all the channels have not~
been used, the handset sends a request for a handshake to the base via the RF link on a new channel N at a step 74. However, if all the channels in the pattern have been used, the handset ` ~
returns to step 72 to randomly select a new channel search " ~;
pattern and begin the channel alignment procedure again. The ", ~
"1-'~','.', `
:" ~-; . .
: . ..
~ ~2~
handset could optionally align to the base with the highest RSSI
level.
Accordingly, the channel alignment procedure described in reference to FIG. 4 maintains a channel alignment of the handset 5 with a base by periodically sending a handshake request to a base on a certain channel, and incrementing the channel if no return handshake is received from the base. The handset will align with a base station even when the handset is moved from one location to another within the range of base stations while 1 0 onhook.
Turning now to FIG. 5, a flow chart describes the preferred operation of an offhook re~luest (as shown in block 30 of FIG. 2) according to the method of the present invention. In particular, the user initiates a connection at the handset at a step 90. The 15handset then randomly selects a channel search pattern with an ~;
even distribution of channels at a step 92. The handset sets the channel of the handset equal to the first channel N in the pattern.
Preferably, the first channel in the pattern is set to the channel which was previously determined during the channel alignment ~ `
20 procedure (described in detail in reference to FIG. 4) to reduce the time required to make an offhook connection.
The handset then sends a request to go offhook to the `
base via the RF link on channel N at a step 94. The handset then determines if there is a base on channel N which is in range at a 25 step 96. If there is a base on channel N which is in range, the handset determines whether the base is already servicing a handset at a step 98. If the base is not already servicing the `~ -handset, the base sends an acknowledge signal and goes offhook on channel N at a step 100. If the handset sees an 30 acknowledge at a step 102, the connection is made on channel N
at a step 104.
If the base is already servicing a handset, the base ignores the handset request at step 106. Similarly, if there is no base on channel N which is in range at step 96, or the handset does not 3~ see an acknowledge at step 102, the handset advances the .,, ~ . .. . . .. . , .. .. . ~... . , .. . , .. . ... , ~ . ... . .. . j ~1~26~
. ~
channel number to the next one in ~he pattern at a step 108. If all the channels in the pattern have not been used at a step 110, the handset sends a request to go offhook to the base via the RF link ~-on the next channel in the list at a step 94. However, if all the channels in the pattern have been used, the handset randomly `
selects a new channel search pattern with an even distribution at a step 92 to begin an offhook request again. ~ - `
Turning now to FIG. 6, one method for implementing the ;~
function of block 32 of FIG. 2 is shown. Having established a connection with a base station, the original base station (i.e. the ; `~ ~
base station having a connection before any handoff to a new ~ ~ `
base station) will periodica!ly determine whether a handoff is `
required by establishing a time-out period at step 120. The original base station will determine if the original base station or 1~ handset RSSI has fallen below a certain threshold at a step 122. ~ ~-lf the original base station and/or the handset RSSI has fallen below the threshold, the original base station instructs all base stations which are not currently serving a handset to go to its ~ ~ ~
channel at a step 124. The original base station also instructs - ~ ~`
each base station not currently serving a handset to report (i) the RSSI level of the handset and (ii) the channel which it will be operating on a step 126. All base stations are then instructed to go back to their original channels, and the original base station selects the base station having the highest RSSI signal at a step ,~
128. The original base station also send a "go to channel X" to ~ ~ ~
the handset. "
The handset then initiates a handshake with the new base and waits for a return handshake at a step 130. If there is no return handshake, the handset returns to the original base at a `~
step 132. If upon returning, the handset can not re-establish - ~`
communication with the original base station, the handset will search for a new base station using the same sear~h pattern as described in detail in reference to FIG. 5 for going offhook. ' `
However, if there is a return handshake, the new base station ~6 sends a hangup command to the original base station at a step ... ~ . .
.
~"
134. Accordingly, if there is base to base communication provided by the TELCO line, an AC line or separate RF
communication, it is possible to complete the handoff procedure with little interruption of the communication.
Turning now to FIG. 7, an alternate method for :
implementing block 32 of FIG. 2 is shown. In particular, a method for handing off in a system having no separate base to base communication is described in reference to FIG. 7. The original ~ -base station establishes a certain timeout period at a step 140. If ;
10 the original base station determines that the original base station ;
and/or handset RSSI level falls below a certain threshold at a step 142, the original base station goes on hold and the handset begins an offhook request àt a step 144. The offhook request is identical to the offhook request described in reference to FIG. 5 15 and will not be repeated again here in detail. If the handset is unable to find another base station at a step 146, the handset ;
returns to the original base station and takes itself off hold with a data message at a step 148. However, if the original base station sees the new base station go off hook by sensing a change in the 20 telco line impedance at a step 150, the original base station hangs itself up. ~
Turning now to FIG. 8, a preferred circuit for communicating ;
between base stations is shown. A block diagram for base station 10 shows the relevant portions of the base station for providing 25 information signals between the base stations by way of the data link. Each base station generally includes a radio transceiver 220 for transmitting RF communication signals to and receiving RF
communication signals from each remote device 12. Radio transceivers well known in the art could be employed in the 30 present invention. Preferably, the radio transceiver circuit disclosed in the aforementioned US Patent 5,140,635 is employed. The RF communication signals include the frequency or channel which the remote device occupies, a security code assigned to the remote device to allow the remote device to 35 operate in the wireless communication system 10, and any - 21 d 2 ~ ~
.;, ~.,' message signats. The message signals may depend on the ~ ~ -remote device, but could include voice signals, facsimile data or computer data.
Radio transceiver 220 provides communication signals on 5 a line 222 which is coupled to a signal transceiver circuit 224.
Signal transceiver circuit 224 includes a standard telephone company interlace (Telco) circuit 226 for transmitting communication signals. Standard Telco circuits are well known in the art and provide communication signais to the standard tip and 10 ring lines of the public system telephone network (PSTN).
Radio transceiver 220 also generates an information signal on a line 222. The information signal could include a receiver `
signal strength indicator (RSSI) signal and an associated security code for the remote device. The RSSI signal indicates the ;
15 strength of RF communication signals received from remote device 12. In a system having multiple remote devices, an RSSI -signal is generated for each remote device 12 and is identified by the security code associated with the remote device. The RSSI
signal could be an on/off indicator or could represent a discrete level within a predetermined range of levels representing the signal strength. Information signals including an RSSI signal are provided to a microprocessor228.
Microprocessor 228 in each base station 10 maintains an RSSI signal indicating the signal strength of the RF
communication signal received from each remote device 12.
Microprocessor 228 also communicates with signal transceiver :
circuit 224 to transmit the RSSI signals to the other base stations and receive RSSI signals from the other base stations by way of data link 14. As will be described in detail in reference to the --operation of the circuit of the present invention, microprocessor ; -~228 of each active base station compares the RSSI signals associated with a given remote device from the base stations to determine if another base station is receiving a stronger RF
communication signal. ~
'' ;',', ,- ~. ~,.
2 ~ t-) - ~7 -.
Signal transceiver circuit 224 generally includes a transmitter circuit 230 and a receiver circuit 232. Microprocessor 228 provides an RSSI signal to signal transceiver circuit 224 for coupling signais to the tip and ring lines of the PSTN by way of 5 data link l4. Preferably, transmitter circuit 230 transmits information signals at a frequency of approximately 30 KHz. A
~requency of 30 KHz is selected to optimize the transmission of the information signals. In particular, a 30 KHz signal is outside the audible range and will not therefore be heard by the user of the 10 remote device. A 30 KHz signal frequency is also the lowest frequency outside the audible range and, therefore, allows largest signal amplitude on the Te!co line. Finally, a 30 KHz signal will be filtered by the public systeni telephone network. While a 30 KHz signal is preferred, any other frequency which is outside the ~' 15 audible range and which will be filtered by the public system telephone network could be used.
Signal transceiver circuit 224 also includes a receiver :
circuit 232 for receiving information signals from other base stations by way of data link 14 Preferably, receiver circuit 232 20 includes a bandpass filter for passing 30 KHZ signals transmitted on the data link by transmitter circuits of other base stations. The information signals are coupled to the microprocessor where they are stored. Because each base station will receive the information signals from the other base stations, any one of the 25 base stations will be able to function as an active base station and determine which base station is receiving the strongest RF
communication signal from a particular remote device.
Finally, an answering machine 233 may be incorporated in one of the base stations. Preferably, the answering machine will 30 be a digital answering rnachine.
Turning now to FIG. 9, the preferred signal transceiver -circuit 224 (shown in block form in FIG. 8) found in each base station 11 is shown in detail. Transmitter circuit 230 includes an AND gate 234 having a first input 236 coupled to receive a 30 35 KHz square wave and a second input 238 coupled to receive ~1~2i~3 data. The data should include information signals describing the remote device, the channel or frequency of operation, and the RSSI signal generated by the radio transceiver as described above. The data will be transmitted as a 30 KHz square wave by ~-5 ANDING the data with the 30 KHz square wave signal.
Alternatively, the data could be provicled by the microprocessor as a 30 KHz signal. The output 240 of AND gate 234 is coupled by a capacitor 242 to the TIP line. Preferably, capacitor 242 is approximately 200 picofarads. Output 240 of AND gate 234 is 10 also coupled to an inverter 244. The output ?46 of inverter 244 is coupled by a capacitor 248 to the RING line. Capacitor 248 is a!so preferably 200 picofarads. ~
Telco circuit 226 is also shown in detail in FIG. 9. Telco ~ `
circuit 226 includes a transformer 252 for transmitting and 15 receiving audio signals from the radio transceiver. The transformer is coupled to a relay 254. Relay 254 is controlled by a `
transistor 256 which is turned on or off by a voltage at a control electrode 258 coupled to an input resistor 260. Relay 254 is ``
coupled to a bridge circuit 262 at a node 264. Nodes 266 and ~ i 268 of bridge circuit 262 are coupled to the TIP and RING lines. ; ~-Bridge circuit 262 also receives signals from the TIP and RING -lines at nodes 266 and 268. Finally, node 270 is coupled to `
transformer 252 for transmitting signals from the TIP and RING
lines to the radio transceiver.
Finally, signal transceiver circuit 224 includes a receiver circuit 270. The receiver circuit acts as a bandpass filter to pass the information signals from the other base stations, and block signals from the public system telephone network. Preferably, -;
receiver circuit 270 will pass 30 KHz information signals which are ; ~ ,`;
transmitted by tihe transmitter circuits 230 of the other base ~;
stations.
Receiver circuit 270 includes a differential amplifier circuit 272 having a positive input 274 and a negative input 276.
Positive input 274 is coupled to the RING line by a capacitor 278 and resistor 280 which form a low pass filter. Preferably capacitor ., ~,':
` 21~6:~ 3 278 is 620 pf and resistor 280 is 10 KQ. Input 274 is also coupled to a parallel RC network comprising a capacitor 282 and a resistor 284 to form a high pass filter. Preferably, capacitor 282 is 20 pf and resistor 284 is 220 KQ. Negative input 276 to the differential 5 amplifier is also coupled to a capacitor 286 in series with a resistor 288 to form a low pass filter. Pre~erably, capacitor 286 is 620 pf and resistor 288 is 220 K~2. Also, a parallel configuration of a capacitor 290 and a resistor 292 is coupled between negative input 276 and the output 294 of the differential amplifier.
1 0 Preferably, capacitor 2gO is 20 pf and resistor 292 is 220 KQ.
The detailed signal transceiver circuit 2~4 shown FIG. 9 is one example of a circuit which could be employed. However, it will be understood that othèr signal transceiver circuits for transmitting and receiving approximately 30 KHz information 1 5 signals on the data link could be employed within the scope of the present invention.
In summary, the present invention establishes and maintains communication in a portable telephone system adapted to operate with a plurality of base stations and at least 20 one handset on a plurality of channels. The method generally assigns security codes to the handset(s) operating in the portable - `
communication system, and provides copies of the security codes to each of the base stations to enable RF communication between the handset(s) and the base stations. The method also aligns the 25 channel of the handset(s) with a channel of a base station to allow for communication between each handset and one of the plurality of base stations. In particular, when a particular handset is not in use, the method mainitains a channel alignment with a ; ~
base station within range. Further, during RF communication with ~ -30 a handset, a base station will handoff between base stations to maintain communication. Such a handoff could be provided by communication between the bases.
data link 14 to a single line 16 of a public system telephone ~; -network (PSTN) 18, aithough the method of the present invention 10 could be employed on a system of base stations coupled to ~ -multiple phone lines. While any number of handsets 12 could be incorporated in the wireless communication system, only one handset is required. Handsets 12 could include any device ~ ~
capable of RF communication with base stations 11. An exampl~ I ;
15 of a base station and an associated handset includes a cordless ` ~
telephone. A cordless telephone which could employ the method ~;
of the present invention is disclosed in US Patent No. 5,140,635, assigned to Motorola, Inc., the entire patent of which is incorporated by reference. ;~
As shown in FIG. 1, each base station 11 is in communication with the other base stations by way of data link 14 ` ;
(indicated by the solid lines between the base stations).
Preferably, the data link could incorporate the standard ring and tip lines of the public system telephone network by coupling each ~
25 base station to the same telephone line 16 of the public system `
telephone network. Alternatively, the communication between the `;
base stations could be accomplished by RF communication or over an AC power line. Finally, each handset 12 communicates , ;
with each base station 11 by way of RF communication signals 30 (shown by the brol<en lines in FIG. 1).
Turning now to FIG. 2, a flow chart shows the preferred method for operating a communication system having multiple base stations according to the present invention. To avoid ~ ;~
interference between base stations in a multibase system, each `,35 base station is preferably restricted to a certain subset of the total ~
'..,,,~, .
,;~
,..~
~'". `,,? V ~ ~
-` 2i~2~13 :
available channels. For example, in a frequency division multiple ~ -access (FDMA) 49 Megahertz cordless system, there are presently a total of ten channels available for use. In a system having two base stations, a first base station may be assigned 5 channels 1-5 and a second base station may be assigned channels 6-10. Preferably, the channels assigned to a single base station are not adjacent frequencies in the spectrum. Base ~ -stations always communicate within their channel domain, except -when asked to report their RSSI level on a specific channel for handoff purposes, discussed infra. -In assigning the channel domains for the base stations, it is preferred that no two base stations that could ever be in the RF
range of the same handset may have intersecting channel domains. That is, while the RF range of the base stations intersect to provide seamless handoff, it is preferred that the base -;
stations which have intersecting RF ranges do not have intersecting RF channel domains. Accordingly, if there are less base stations than total available channels, it is possible to ensure that no two domains intersect by exclusively assigning ~ `
20 channels to base stations. Therefore, the base stations may be placed wherever they are desired. It should be noted that if there are less base stations than available channels, the base stations could have overlapping channel domains if the base stations are carefully placed to avoid channels having overlapping channel 25 domains being in the same RF range. However, if a system has more base stations than available channels, care must be taken as to the positioning of base stations having intersecting channel domains.
There are a number of ways to implement domain 3Q assignments for the base stations according to the present invention. The channel assignments could be manually assigned -by using the keypad of the base station to select channels.
Alternatively, the base stations could be preprogrammed at the time of manufacture. Finally, the base stations may be allowed to 35 arbitrate with each other to ensure their non-simultaneous use of RF channels when the base stations have overlapping radii of RF
coverage, and when the bases are within range of a specific remote device. There are a number of ways to arbitrate. For example, the base stations could arbitrate by RF communication 5 when idle or add a separate RF transceiver for arbitration.
Alternatively, the bases could arbitratle over the AC power line or the PSTN. Arbitration would allow bases that are servicing a handset to scan all available (i.e. all 10) RF channels, either automatically or by user request. If a base required the use of a ` -channel outside of its normal channel domain, and that channel ~ ~
,~
was not currently in use, it could simply trade with the base station assigned that channel. Th~s could be done in real time, giving the user access to all available channels. ` ~
To avoid interference from bases outside the multi ~ :
base system (e.g. a neighbor~s phone), bases that are not ~ ~ `
servicing a handset periodically check their RSSI levels to see if a potential interferer exists. If so, the base scans for a clean or unoccupied channel within its domain. Alternatively, the base station could trade if necessary to moves to the unoccupied ~ ~
channel. Then when a handset scanning for a base moves into ;
that bases domain, it is likely that the connection will be established on an unoccupied channel, without requiring any communication on a occupied channel. ~ ;~
I laving established the base station channel domains, security codes can be assigned to the handsets at a step 24.
Generally, security codes are assigned to ensure that only handsets which are a part of the system are allowed to communicate with the base stations of the system. Accordingly, a ~`~
! ~ ' 1 handset associated with foreign base station in the proximity of 30 one of the user's base stations will not be allowed to communicate with the user's base station. Preferably, the security code assigrled to each handset can be assigned when the handset is cradled in the base station. The assignment of security codes can be accomplished by way of a physical connection between the handset and the base station. However, it is ;', ,,. ", ~ ` . ~
2~
g ~ ~
possible to assign security codes by way of RF communication signals. For additional security, an access code may be required by the user before a security code can be assigned to a handset The security code assigned to any given handset by a 5 base station must be communicated to the remaining base stations in the system at a step 26 to allow the handset to communicate with any of the base stations in the system.
Preferably, the security codes assigned to the handsets can be transferred between the base stations by way of a data link, such ~-10 as that disclosed in a U.S. Application invented by Jarnes Mielke and entitled "CIRCUIT AND METHOD FOR OPERATING A
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM" (attorney docket number CE00811 R), such application being assigned to the assignee of the present invention and filed on even date -15 herewith. The aforementioned application generally discloses a method and circuit for transferring security codes as 30 KHz signal on a datalink coupled to the telco line. The circuit is described in detail in reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. Alternatively, the security codes could be preprogrammed at the time of 20 manufacture, manually programmed using the base and/or handset keypads, or randomly generated once (or multiple times via user request) by the handset and then transferred to each base by a one time physical connection (i.e. through the charge contacts). This would eliminate the need for base to base 25 communication, thereby reducing the cost and complexity of the system.
At a step 28, the base stations maintain a channel alignment with the handsets to ensure that an RF communication ~ :
link can be established between each handset and a base 30 station. Generally, each handset will periodically request for a handshake with a base station via the RF communication link on a designated channel. If the handshake request is unsuccessful, the handset will continue to request a handshake on different channels until it receives an acknowledge from a base station.
35 Accordingly, in response to a ringing signal or when the handset ~, .,, . ... - ,,~ .. ..
- :
J 6 :~ 3 , goes offhook to initiate a call, the handset will be on an unused channel associated with a base station which is within range of the handset. Although channel alignment is beneficial in a system having a single base station, maintaining channel 5 alignment is particularly important in system having multiple base stations. When a handset which is moved within the area covered by the base stations, the handset will be able to communicate on an unoccupied channel with one of the base stations within range.
An offhook request to make communication with a base --station is then made at a step 30. The affhook request could be ;;
rnade in response to a rin~ing signal, or when placing an outgoing call. After a connèction is made with a base station, the RF communication link is maintained with the base station until a 15 handoff is required at a step 32. A handoff may be necessary when the user of the handset travels within the region of the base stations. The user may travel outside the range of one base ; ' station and within the range of another base st~tion, requiring a ~ ~
handoff to the other base station. At the end of a conversation, `~ ~
20 the handset will go onhook at a step 34. After going onhook, the -handset will maintain a channel alignment with the base stations as described in reference to step 28. ;~
Turning now to FIG. 3, a detailed flow chart showing the ;~
preferred operation of assigning security codes to the handsets 25 (as shown in block 24 of FIG. 2) is described. Initially, the handset detects that it has been placed in the base charging cradle and -`
send a request for a security code to the base station via RF or .
through the charge contact at a step 40. Preferably, the request includss a copy of the handset's current (i.e. original) security 30 code. The base station then checks a list of all known handset -security codes to determine if it has previously communicated with the handset at a step 42. The base station generates a new random security code at a step 44 and sends it to the handset.
The base station then waits to receive an acknowledge signal . . ~, .
~;''""'`"'~'''' from ~he handset at a step 46 indicating that the new security ~:
code has been received.
If the base station does not receive an acknowledge from the handset, the base station then determines if the handset is still 5 in the base station at a step 48. If the handset is in the base station, the base station generates a new random security code at step 44 and sends it to the handset. However, if the handset is not still in the base station, the base station exits at step 50.
Alternatively, if the security code is sent by way of RF, the base 10 station generates a new random security code at step 44 as shown by the dotted line if no acknowledge is returned form the handset at step 46.
If the base station receives an acknowledge back from the handset indicating that the new security code has been received 15 from the base station at step 46, the base station checks a list of security codes assigned to handsets in the system to determine if the original security code of the handset is in the list at a step 52.
If the original security code is in the list, the base station replaces the original security code with the newly assigned security code 20 at a step 54 and exits at a step 50. However, if the original security code is not in the list, the base station determines if their are any empty slots in the list at a step 56. If there is an empty slot, the base station replaces the empty slot with the new security ~ ~`
code at a step 58. However, if there are no remaining empty slots in the base station, the base station replaces the least recently ; ~ ;~
used security code with the new security code on the list at a step - -60. Accordingly, the base station will maintain a list of all active handsets within the system. As stated earlier, an identical list of ;
security code is maintained in each of the base stations to allow for communication between each handset and any of the base i ;~
stations.
Turning now to FIG. 4, the preferred method of maintaining the channel alignment (shown in block 28 of FIG. 2) is described.
After having assigned the security codes to the handsets, the method of the present invention maintains a channel alignment 2 ~
,~..,~ ~;, between each handset and a given base station. In particular, a periodic timer expires initiating a channel alignment procedure at ~
a step 70. The handset then randomly selects a channel search ~ -pattern with an even distribution of the channels at a step 72. The ~;
5 random distribution of channels is beneficial in a communication system having multiple handsets. in particular, it is a simple method of collision avoidance, shouW more than one handset be searching simultaneously for a base station for alignment or off hook purposes.
1 û The handset sets the operating channel onto the first ;
channel N in the pattern. Preferably, the first channel in the; `
pattern is set to the channel on which the handset was previously -aiigned to a base station. This may decrease the time the channel is occupied for this procedure in the event that the I;
handset is still aligned. The handset then sends a request for a handshake to the base via the RF link on channel N at a step 74.
The method then determines if there is a base on channel N `
which is in range at a step 76. If there is a base on channel N
which is within range, the handset is aligned with the base. i `
Accordingly, the base sends an acknowledge at step 78. If the i handset sees the acknowledge at a step 78, the handset returns to step 70 to wait for the periodic timer to expire to complete -another channel alignment. -~ -If there is no base on channel N which is in range at step -76 or the handset does not see the acknowledge from the base at ;~
step 80 within a predetermined amount of time, the handset ; `^
advances the channel number to the next channel in the pattern ` ~;
at a step 82. The handset then determines if all channels in the -pattern have been used at a step 84. If all the channels have not~
been used, the handset sends a request for a handshake to the base via the RF link on a new channel N at a step 74. However, if all the channels in the pattern have been used, the handset ` ~
returns to step 72 to randomly select a new channel search " ~;
pattern and begin the channel alignment procedure again. The ", ~
"1-'~','.', `
:" ~-; . .
: . ..
~ ~2~
handset could optionally align to the base with the highest RSSI
level.
Accordingly, the channel alignment procedure described in reference to FIG. 4 maintains a channel alignment of the handset 5 with a base by periodically sending a handshake request to a base on a certain channel, and incrementing the channel if no return handshake is received from the base. The handset will align with a base station even when the handset is moved from one location to another within the range of base stations while 1 0 onhook.
Turning now to FIG. 5, a flow chart describes the preferred operation of an offhook re~luest (as shown in block 30 of FIG. 2) according to the method of the present invention. In particular, the user initiates a connection at the handset at a step 90. The 15handset then randomly selects a channel search pattern with an ~;
even distribution of channels at a step 92. The handset sets the channel of the handset equal to the first channel N in the pattern.
Preferably, the first channel in the pattern is set to the channel which was previously determined during the channel alignment ~ `
20 procedure (described in detail in reference to FIG. 4) to reduce the time required to make an offhook connection.
The handset then sends a request to go offhook to the `
base via the RF link on channel N at a step 94. The handset then determines if there is a base on channel N which is in range at a 25 step 96. If there is a base on channel N which is in range, the handset determines whether the base is already servicing a handset at a step 98. If the base is not already servicing the `~ -handset, the base sends an acknowledge signal and goes offhook on channel N at a step 100. If the handset sees an 30 acknowledge at a step 102, the connection is made on channel N
at a step 104.
If the base is already servicing a handset, the base ignores the handset request at step 106. Similarly, if there is no base on channel N which is in range at step 96, or the handset does not 3~ see an acknowledge at step 102, the handset advances the .,, ~ . .. . . .. . , .. .. . ~... . , .. . , .. . ... , ~ . ... . .. . j ~1~26~
. ~
channel number to the next one in ~he pattern at a step 108. If all the channels in the pattern have not been used at a step 110, the handset sends a request to go offhook to the base via the RF link ~-on the next channel in the list at a step 94. However, if all the channels in the pattern have been used, the handset randomly `
selects a new channel search pattern with an even distribution at a step 92 to begin an offhook request again. ~ - `
Turning now to FIG. 6, one method for implementing the ;~
function of block 32 of FIG. 2 is shown. Having established a connection with a base station, the original base station (i.e. the ; `~ ~
base station having a connection before any handoff to a new ~ ~ `
base station) will periodica!ly determine whether a handoff is `
required by establishing a time-out period at step 120. The original base station will determine if the original base station or 1~ handset RSSI has fallen below a certain threshold at a step 122. ~ ~-lf the original base station and/or the handset RSSI has fallen below the threshold, the original base station instructs all base stations which are not currently serving a handset to go to its ~ ~ ~
channel at a step 124. The original base station also instructs - ~ ~`
each base station not currently serving a handset to report (i) the RSSI level of the handset and (ii) the channel which it will be operating on a step 126. All base stations are then instructed to go back to their original channels, and the original base station selects the base station having the highest RSSI signal at a step ,~
128. The original base station also send a "go to channel X" to ~ ~ ~
the handset. "
The handset then initiates a handshake with the new base and waits for a return handshake at a step 130. If there is no return handshake, the handset returns to the original base at a `~
step 132. If upon returning, the handset can not re-establish - ~`
communication with the original base station, the handset will search for a new base station using the same sear~h pattern as described in detail in reference to FIG. 5 for going offhook. ' `
However, if there is a return handshake, the new base station ~6 sends a hangup command to the original base station at a step ... ~ . .
.
~"
134. Accordingly, if there is base to base communication provided by the TELCO line, an AC line or separate RF
communication, it is possible to complete the handoff procedure with little interruption of the communication.
Turning now to FIG. 7, an alternate method for :
implementing block 32 of FIG. 2 is shown. In particular, a method for handing off in a system having no separate base to base communication is described in reference to FIG. 7. The original ~ -base station establishes a certain timeout period at a step 140. If ;
10 the original base station determines that the original base station ;
and/or handset RSSI level falls below a certain threshold at a step 142, the original base station goes on hold and the handset begins an offhook request àt a step 144. The offhook request is identical to the offhook request described in reference to FIG. 5 15 and will not be repeated again here in detail. If the handset is unable to find another base station at a step 146, the handset ;
returns to the original base station and takes itself off hold with a data message at a step 148. However, if the original base station sees the new base station go off hook by sensing a change in the 20 telco line impedance at a step 150, the original base station hangs itself up. ~
Turning now to FIG. 8, a preferred circuit for communicating ;
between base stations is shown. A block diagram for base station 10 shows the relevant portions of the base station for providing 25 information signals between the base stations by way of the data link. Each base station generally includes a radio transceiver 220 for transmitting RF communication signals to and receiving RF
communication signals from each remote device 12. Radio transceivers well known in the art could be employed in the 30 present invention. Preferably, the radio transceiver circuit disclosed in the aforementioned US Patent 5,140,635 is employed. The RF communication signals include the frequency or channel which the remote device occupies, a security code assigned to the remote device to allow the remote device to 35 operate in the wireless communication system 10, and any - 21 d 2 ~ ~
.;, ~.,' message signats. The message signals may depend on the ~ ~ -remote device, but could include voice signals, facsimile data or computer data.
Radio transceiver 220 provides communication signals on 5 a line 222 which is coupled to a signal transceiver circuit 224.
Signal transceiver circuit 224 includes a standard telephone company interlace (Telco) circuit 226 for transmitting communication signals. Standard Telco circuits are well known in the art and provide communication signais to the standard tip and 10 ring lines of the public system telephone network (PSTN).
Radio transceiver 220 also generates an information signal on a line 222. The information signal could include a receiver `
signal strength indicator (RSSI) signal and an associated security code for the remote device. The RSSI signal indicates the ;
15 strength of RF communication signals received from remote device 12. In a system having multiple remote devices, an RSSI -signal is generated for each remote device 12 and is identified by the security code associated with the remote device. The RSSI
signal could be an on/off indicator or could represent a discrete level within a predetermined range of levels representing the signal strength. Information signals including an RSSI signal are provided to a microprocessor228.
Microprocessor 228 in each base station 10 maintains an RSSI signal indicating the signal strength of the RF
communication signal received from each remote device 12.
Microprocessor 228 also communicates with signal transceiver :
circuit 224 to transmit the RSSI signals to the other base stations and receive RSSI signals from the other base stations by way of data link 14. As will be described in detail in reference to the --operation of the circuit of the present invention, microprocessor ; -~228 of each active base station compares the RSSI signals associated with a given remote device from the base stations to determine if another base station is receiving a stronger RF
communication signal. ~
'' ;',', ,- ~. ~,.
2 ~ t-) - ~7 -.
Signal transceiver circuit 224 generally includes a transmitter circuit 230 and a receiver circuit 232. Microprocessor 228 provides an RSSI signal to signal transceiver circuit 224 for coupling signais to the tip and ring lines of the PSTN by way of 5 data link l4. Preferably, transmitter circuit 230 transmits information signals at a frequency of approximately 30 KHz. A
~requency of 30 KHz is selected to optimize the transmission of the information signals. In particular, a 30 KHz signal is outside the audible range and will not therefore be heard by the user of the 10 remote device. A 30 KHz signal frequency is also the lowest frequency outside the audible range and, therefore, allows largest signal amplitude on the Te!co line. Finally, a 30 KHz signal will be filtered by the public systeni telephone network. While a 30 KHz signal is preferred, any other frequency which is outside the ~' 15 audible range and which will be filtered by the public system telephone network could be used.
Signal transceiver circuit 224 also includes a receiver :
circuit 232 for receiving information signals from other base stations by way of data link 14 Preferably, receiver circuit 232 20 includes a bandpass filter for passing 30 KHZ signals transmitted on the data link by transmitter circuits of other base stations. The information signals are coupled to the microprocessor where they are stored. Because each base station will receive the information signals from the other base stations, any one of the 25 base stations will be able to function as an active base station and determine which base station is receiving the strongest RF
communication signal from a particular remote device.
Finally, an answering machine 233 may be incorporated in one of the base stations. Preferably, the answering machine will 30 be a digital answering rnachine.
Turning now to FIG. 9, the preferred signal transceiver -circuit 224 (shown in block form in FIG. 8) found in each base station 11 is shown in detail. Transmitter circuit 230 includes an AND gate 234 having a first input 236 coupled to receive a 30 35 KHz square wave and a second input 238 coupled to receive ~1~2i~3 data. The data should include information signals describing the remote device, the channel or frequency of operation, and the RSSI signal generated by the radio transceiver as described above. The data will be transmitted as a 30 KHz square wave by ~-5 ANDING the data with the 30 KHz square wave signal.
Alternatively, the data could be provicled by the microprocessor as a 30 KHz signal. The output 240 of AND gate 234 is coupled by a capacitor 242 to the TIP line. Preferably, capacitor 242 is approximately 200 picofarads. Output 240 of AND gate 234 is 10 also coupled to an inverter 244. The output ?46 of inverter 244 is coupled by a capacitor 248 to the RING line. Capacitor 248 is a!so preferably 200 picofarads. ~
Telco circuit 226 is also shown in detail in FIG. 9. Telco ~ `
circuit 226 includes a transformer 252 for transmitting and 15 receiving audio signals from the radio transceiver. The transformer is coupled to a relay 254. Relay 254 is controlled by a `
transistor 256 which is turned on or off by a voltage at a control electrode 258 coupled to an input resistor 260. Relay 254 is ``
coupled to a bridge circuit 262 at a node 264. Nodes 266 and ~ i 268 of bridge circuit 262 are coupled to the TIP and RING lines. ; ~-Bridge circuit 262 also receives signals from the TIP and RING -lines at nodes 266 and 268. Finally, node 270 is coupled to `
transformer 252 for transmitting signals from the TIP and RING
lines to the radio transceiver.
Finally, signal transceiver circuit 224 includes a receiver circuit 270. The receiver circuit acts as a bandpass filter to pass the information signals from the other base stations, and block signals from the public system telephone network. Preferably, -;
receiver circuit 270 will pass 30 KHz information signals which are ; ~ ,`;
transmitted by tihe transmitter circuits 230 of the other base ~;
stations.
Receiver circuit 270 includes a differential amplifier circuit 272 having a positive input 274 and a negative input 276.
Positive input 274 is coupled to the RING line by a capacitor 278 and resistor 280 which form a low pass filter. Preferably capacitor ., ~,':
` 21~6:~ 3 278 is 620 pf and resistor 280 is 10 KQ. Input 274 is also coupled to a parallel RC network comprising a capacitor 282 and a resistor 284 to form a high pass filter. Preferably, capacitor 282 is 20 pf and resistor 284 is 220 KQ. Negative input 276 to the differential 5 amplifier is also coupled to a capacitor 286 in series with a resistor 288 to form a low pass filter. Pre~erably, capacitor 286 is 620 pf and resistor 288 is 220 K~2. Also, a parallel configuration of a capacitor 290 and a resistor 292 is coupled between negative input 276 and the output 294 of the differential amplifier.
1 0 Preferably, capacitor 2gO is 20 pf and resistor 292 is 220 KQ.
The detailed signal transceiver circuit 2~4 shown FIG. 9 is one example of a circuit which could be employed. However, it will be understood that othèr signal transceiver circuits for transmitting and receiving approximately 30 KHz information 1 5 signals on the data link could be employed within the scope of the present invention.
In summary, the present invention establishes and maintains communication in a portable telephone system adapted to operate with a plurality of base stations and at least 20 one handset on a plurality of channels. The method generally assigns security codes to the handset(s) operating in the portable - `
communication system, and provides copies of the security codes to each of the base stations to enable RF communication between the handset(s) and the base stations. The method also aligns the 25 channel of the handset(s) with a channel of a base station to allow for communication between each handset and one of the plurality of base stations. In particular, when a particular handset is not in use, the method mainitains a channel alignment with a ; ~
base station within range. Further, during RF communication with ~ -30 a handset, a base station will handoff between base stations to maintain communication. Such a handoff could be provided by communication between the bases.
Claims (10)
1. A method for establishing and maintaining communication in a portable radio telephone system including a plurality of base stations adapted to communicate via a plurality of radio channels with at least one remote device, said method comprising the steps of:
assigning a security code to the at least one remote device to enable communication between the at least one remote device and the plurality of base stations;
communicating the security code assigned to the at least one remote device to the plurality of base stations to maintain within each of the plurality of base stations the security code of the at least one remote device operating in the system; and aligning the radio channel of the at least one remote device with the radio channel of one of the plurality of base stations to allow for communication between the at least one remote device and at least one of the plurality of base stations.
assigning a security code to the at least one remote device to enable communication between the at least one remote device and the plurality of base stations;
communicating the security code assigned to the at least one remote device to the plurality of base stations to maintain within each of the plurality of base stations the security code of the at least one remote device operating in the system; and aligning the radio channel of the at least one remote device with the radio channel of one of the plurality of base stations to allow for communication between the at least one remote device and at least one of the plurality of base stations.
2. The method for establishing and maintaining communication in a portable radio communication system of Claim 1 adapted to operate with a plurality of remote devices, wherein the step of assigning a security code includes assigning a distinct security code to each of the plurality of remote devices.
3. The method for establishing and maintaining communication in a portable radio communication system of Claim 1 adapted to operate with a plurality of remote devices, wherein the step of communicating the security code includes generating a list of security codes for the plurality of remote devices in each of the plurality of base stations.
4. The method for establishing and maintaining communication in a portable radio communication system of Claim 1 wherein the step of assigning a security code includes the steps of:
providing the current security code of the remote device to a base station;
assigning a new security code to the remote device; and placing the new security code on the master list of security codes.
providing the current security code of the remote device to a base station;
assigning a new security code to the remote device; and placing the new security code on the master list of security codes.
5. The method for establishing and maintaining communication in a portable radio communication system of Claim 4 wherein the steps of providing the current security code and assigning a new security code are accomplished by RF communication.
6. A method for assigning security codes for a portable radio communication system including a plurality of remote devices adapted to communicate via at least one radio channel with at least one base station comprising the steps of:
providing the current security code of each of the plurality of remote devices;
assigning a new security code to each of the plurality of remote devices; and placing each new security code on the master list of security codes in the at least one base station.
providing the current security code of each of the plurality of remote devices;
assigning a new security code to each of the plurality of remote devices; and placing each new security code on the master list of security codes in the at least one base station.
7. A method of maintaining communication with a remote device in a radio communication system including at least one base station adapted to communicate on a plurality of radio channels with at least one remote device, said method comprising the steps of:
periodically sending a handshake request from the at least one remote device to the at least one base station;
waiting for a return handshake from the at least one base station; and changing the channel of the at least one remote device to correspond to the channel of the at least one base station which returned the handshake.
periodically sending a handshake request from the at least one remote device to the at least one base station;
waiting for a return handshake from the at least one base station; and changing the channel of the at least one remote device to correspond to the channel of the at least one base station which returned the handshake.
8. The method of maintaining communication with a remote device of Claim 7 adapted to operate with a plurality of bases stations wherein the plurality of base stations are maintained on different channels.
9. A method for maintaining communication in a portable radio communication system including a plurality of base stations adapted to communicate on a plurality of radio channels with at least one remote device, said at least one remote device being in active communication with one base stations of said plurality of base stations, said method comprising the steps of:
evaluating the receiver signal strength indicator level of said signal received at said one base station from said at least one remote device;
said one base station instructing remaining base stations to report receiver signal strength indicator level and an operating channel;
selecting the base station reporting the strongest receiver signal strength indicator signal;
instructing said remote device to switch to said operating channel; and providing a handshake between the remote device and the base station reporting the strongest receiver signal strength indicator signal.
evaluating the receiver signal strength indicator level of said signal received at said one base station from said at least one remote device;
said one base station instructing remaining base stations to report receiver signal strength indicator level and an operating channel;
selecting the base station reporting the strongest receiver signal strength indicator signal;
instructing said remote device to switch to said operating channel; and providing a handshake between the remote device and the base station reporting the strongest receiver signal strength indicator signal.
10. A method for maintaining communication in a portable radio communication system including a plurality of base stations adapted to communicate via a plurality of radio communication channels with at least one remote device, said at least one remote device being in active communication with one base stations of said plurality of base stations, said method comprising the steps of:
evaluating the receiver signal strength indicator level of said signal received at said one base station from said at least one remote device;
placing said one base station on hold;
requesting said at least one remote device to make a connection to said base station reporting the strongest receiver signal strength indicator signal;
providing a handshake between said at least one remote device and said base station reporting the strongest receiver signal strength indicator signal.
evaluating the receiver signal strength indicator level of said signal received at said one base station from said at least one remote device;
placing said one base station on hold;
requesting said at least one remote device to make a connection to said base station reporting the strongest receiver signal strength indicator signal;
providing a handshake between said at least one remote device and said base station reporting the strongest receiver signal strength indicator signal.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9524193A | 1993-07-20 | 1993-07-20 | |
| US08/095,241 | 1993-07-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2142613A1 true CA2142613A1 (en) | 1995-02-02 |
Family
ID=22250877
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002142613A Abandoned CA2142613A1 (en) | 1993-07-20 | 1994-06-13 | Method for operating a communication system having multiple base stations |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH08501918A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR960701562A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1111927A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9405522A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2142613A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2285560B (en) |
| SG (1) | SG52268A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995003677A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5930703A (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 1999-07-27 | Ericsson Inc. | Methods and systems for programming a cellular radiotelephone |
| US6370380B1 (en) * | 1999-02-17 | 2002-04-09 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method for secure handover |
| DE60030879T2 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2007-01-04 | Motorola, Inc., Schaumburg | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR NETWORK-CONTROLLED SUBSCRIBING IN A PACKAGED TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK |
| US7486952B1 (en) * | 2000-02-09 | 2009-02-03 | Alcatel-Lucent Usa Inc. | Facilitated security for handoff in wireless communications |
| US7151446B2 (en) | 2003-08-01 | 2006-12-19 | Spectrum Tracking Systems, Inc. | System for tracking and locating an object using a cellular network |
| US7135967B2 (en) | 2003-08-01 | 2006-11-14 | Spectrum Tracking Systems, Inc. | Method for locating an asset |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4593155A (en) * | 1983-12-05 | 1986-06-03 | Motorola, Inc. | Portable telephone ID code transfer system |
| US4864599A (en) * | 1987-07-31 | 1989-09-05 | Nec Corporation | Registration of a new cordless telephone to an existing system |
| US5195127A (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1993-03-16 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Radio telephone system and its control method |
| US4901340A (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1990-02-13 | Gte Mobilnet Incorporated | System for the extended provision of cellular mobile radiotelephone service |
| US4953198A (en) * | 1989-07-05 | 1990-08-28 | At&T Company | Public cordless telephone |
| US5142534A (en) * | 1990-10-17 | 1992-08-25 | O'neill Communications, Inc. | Wireless integrated voice-data communication system |
| US5353331A (en) * | 1992-03-05 | 1994-10-04 | Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc. | Personal communications service using wireline/wireless integration |
-
1994
- 1994-06-13 SG SG1996001660A patent/SG52268A1/en unknown
- 1994-06-13 CA CA002142613A patent/CA2142613A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-06-13 CN CN94190463A patent/CN1111927A/en active Pending
- 1994-06-13 WO PCT/US1994/006561 patent/WO1995003677A1/en active Application Filing
- 1994-06-13 KR KR1019950701044A patent/KR960701562A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-06-13 BR BR9405522-0A patent/BR9405522A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-06-13 GB GB9504953A patent/GB2285560B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-06-13 JP JP7505132A patent/JPH08501918A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1111927A (en) | 1995-11-15 |
| JPH08501918A (en) | 1996-02-27 |
| SG52268A1 (en) | 1998-09-28 |
| GB2285560A (en) | 1995-07-12 |
| BR9405522A (en) | 1999-09-08 |
| WO1995003677A1 (en) | 1995-02-02 |
| KR960701562A (en) | 1996-02-24 |
| GB9504953D0 (en) | 1995-04-26 |
| GB2285560B (en) | 1998-01-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US5513248A (en) | Cordless telephone micro-cellular system | |
| US6363246B1 (en) | Call routing method for a radiotelephone in multiple radiotelephone systems | |
| US5890069A (en) | Cordless telephone micro-cellular system | |
| US5901357A (en) | Frequency allocation for subscribers of multiple telephone systems having frequency sharing | |
| US5243641A (en) | Extended range cordless telephone system | |
| US5345597A (en) | Call set-up in a radio communication system with dynamic channel allocation | |
| US5260988A (en) | Apparatus and method for alternative radiotelephone system selection | |
| JP3958785B2 (en) | Cordless cellular system | |
| CA2158305C (en) | Method and apparatus for direct communication in a tdma radio communication system | |
| CA2105767C (en) | Dual system cellular cordless radiotelephone apparatus and method | |
| EP0452872B1 (en) | Cordless key telephone system for covering multiple service areas having exclusively assigned control channels | |
| KR950013162B1 (en) | Mobile communication system | |
| JPH09163431A (en) | Radio channel allocating method | |
| JP3141005B2 (en) | Channel selection method | |
| US6615048B1 (en) | Connection control method and system for mobile communication system | |
| EP0454080A2 (en) | Cordless telephone system capable of quickly establishing connection during call setup phase | |
| CA2142613A1 (en) | Method for operating a communication system having multiple base stations | |
| AU633444B2 (en) | Extended range cordless telephone system | |
| GB2184920A (en) | Cordless telephones | |
| MXPA94005546A (en) | Method for operating a communication system having multiple base stations | |
| JPH0575530A (en) | Traffic distributing system for mobile object communication system | |
| KR970007611B1 (en) | Radio system | |
| KR100207973B1 (en) | Cordless telephone | |
| JPH05191340A (en) | System for security mobile communication network in disaster area | |
| WO1995003663A1 (en) | Circuit and method for operating a wireless communication system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20010115 |