CA2133325A1 - Non-steroid progesterone receptor agonist and antagonist compounds and methods - Google Patents
Non-steroid progesterone receptor agonist and antagonist compounds and methodsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2133325A1 CA2133325A1 CA002133325A CA2133325A CA2133325A1 CA 2133325 A1 CA2133325 A1 CA 2133325A1 CA 002133325 A CA002133325 A CA 002133325A CA 2133325 A CA2133325 A CA 2133325A CA 2133325 A1 CA2133325 A1 CA 2133325A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- cyclocymopol
- compound
- monomethyl ether
- progesterone
- methyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- C07K14/72—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants for hormones
- C07K14/721—Steroid/thyroid hormone superfamily, e.g. GR, EcR, androgen receptor, oestrogen receptor
-
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C205/00—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C205/06—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton having nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C205/00—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C205/45—Compounds containing nitro groups bound to a carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being further substituted by at least one doubly—bound oxygen atom, not being part of a —CHO group
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C25/00—Compounds containing at least one halogen atom bound to a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C25/24—Halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons with unsaturated side chains
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C43/02—Ethers
- C07C43/20—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C43/23—Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/673—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by change of size of the carbon skeleton
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
- C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
- C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
- C07C45/70—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction with functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form
- C07C45/71—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction with functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form being hydroxy groups
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- C07C47/52—Compounds having —CHO groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings
- C07C47/575—Compounds having —CHO groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C49/00—Ketones; Ketenes; Dimeric ketenes; Ketonic chelates
- C07C49/587—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring
- C07C49/603—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring of a six-membered ring
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- C07C49/587—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring
- C07C49/753—Unsaturated compounds containing a keto groups being part of a ring containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
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- C07C69/017—Esters of hydroxy compounds having the esterified hydroxy group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
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- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/16—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated
Abstract
Non-steroidal compounds which are high affinity, high specificity ligands for progesterone receptors are disclosed. The compounds include synthetic derivatives of cyclocymopol and its diastereomers, spectroscopically and chromatographically pure (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether, which functions as a progesterone receptor antagonist, and spectroscopically and chromatographically pure (3S)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether, which functions as a progesterone receptor agonist. Also disclosed are methods for employing the disclosed compounds for modulating processes mediated by progesterone receptors and for treating patients requiring progesterone receptor agonist or antagonist therapy.
Description
~'O 93/21145 J ~ 3 3 3 2 5 PCr/l~i93/03909 DESCRIPTION ~
Non-Steroid Proqesterone_Rece tor Aqonist_~nd :
Anta~onist Compounds And Methods ~ ;
Related Application This application is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 07/872,710 filed April 21, 19g2, whose entire disclosure is incorporated herein by reference.
Field of the Invention This invention relates to intracellular receptors and ligands therefor. More ~pecifically, this in~ention relates to compounds which are non-steroidal progesterone j .
receptor antagonists or agonists, and methods for use of such compounds or ligands.
I~
Backqround of the Invention A central problem in eukaryotic molecular biology continues to be the elucidation of molecules and mechanisms that mediate specific gene regulation in response to molecular inducers such as hormones. As part of the scientific attack on this problem, a great deal of work has been done in efforts to identify molecular inducers which- are capable of mediating specific gene regulation.
Although much remains to be learned about the specifics of- gene regulation, it is known that certain small molecule, non-peptide hormones and similarly acting vitamins and-~itamin metabolites (collectively hereinafter called "horm~nes-") modulate gene transcription by acting in concert with intracellular components, including intrace~lular receptors and discrete DNA promoter enhancer sequences known as hormone response elements (HREs).
These hormones, acting through, and as ~'ligands" for, their intracellular receptors, directly regulate hormone-WO93/21145 3 ~ 3 3 3 2 5 PCT/US93/039 responsive genes (and perhaps other important genes whichare not directly hormone-responsive). Natural ligands for intracellular receptors are synthesized in the body or may be taken in as a component of food. It has also been shown that compounds other than the natural ligands can act upon intracellular receptors to re;gulate hormone-responsive genes. For example, some: natural product derivatives and synthetic compounds ~also function as ligands for these receptors.
10Intracellular receptors form a class of structu~ally-related genetic regulators scientists have named "ligand dependent transcription factors." Regulation of a gene by such factors requires both the intracellular receptor itself and a corresponding ligand which has the ability to selectively bind to the intracellular receptor in a way that affects gene activity. Until bound by a ligand, the intracellular receptor is unable to exert an effect on the gene. Hormone or other ligand molecules in the fluid surrounding a cell pass through the outer cell membrane by passi~e diffusion. Once inside the cell, the ligand binds to specific intracellular receptor proteins, creating a ligand/receptor complex. The binding of the ligand to its -~receptor induces a change in the shape of the intracellular receptor. This conformational change is _ 25 believed to expose regions of the intracellular receptor -- -- that permit the intracellular receptor/ligand complex to bind to a specific subset of genes present in the cell's DNA in the cell nucleus.
- -The blueprint to build specific proteins is encoded in the DNA sequence of each gene. This blueprint is copied in a process referred to as "transcription," to give rise to the actual template for the production of specific proteins, messenger RNA or "mRNA". The mRN~ then moves from the cell's nucleus into the cytoplasm and is translated, which results in the production of proteins encoded in the mRNA. Accordingly, a reduction in the ~093/~1145 ~1 3 3 3 2 5 PCT/US93/03909 transcription of mRNA reduces the production of the specific proteins.
Once the intracellular receptor/ligand complex binds to the specific site on the DNA, it alters the amount of 5 the protein encoded by the gene that the cell is directed `
to produce, by altering the amount of mRNA transcribed by that gene. A ligand which binds an intracellular receptor and mimics the effect of the natural ligand is referred to as an ~agonist" ligand. A ligand that inhibits the effect -of the hormone is called an "antagonist.~' Intracellular receptors are referred to as "ligand-dependent transcrip-tion factors" because their activity is dependent upon the `~
binding of their hormonal or other ligands, which are necessary to drive the intracellular receptor into its 15 active conformation. j`
~ The intracellular receptors form a large family of proteins that are closely related in structure. They are important drug targets, and many drugs currently on the market are ligands for these receptors. Not surprisingly, j the structural similarity of the receptors often resultsin cross-reactivity between a drug and receptors other than its target. It is apparent, therefore, that there is a need t~ find- alternative ligands (agonists and antagonists) which are readily available for therapeutic administration, have_ added specificity for particular receptors, and have-increased activity. `
Ligands to the progesterone receptor are known to play an important role in gynecological medicine, cancer, and other healt-h-care problems of women. Its natural ligand, the female steroid progesterone, and synthetic analogues are, _ for example, used in birth control . _ . .
formulations. -~tagonists to progesterone are useful in treating chronic disorders such as certain forms of hormone dependent cancer of the breast, ovaries, and endometrium ~the lining of the uterus), and in treating uterine fibroids. Endometriosis, a leading cause of infertility in women, currently treated in early stage Wo93/2114~ ;~ L 3 3 ~ 2 5 PCT/US93/03$
development by surgery, is also amenable to treatment with progesterone.
The identification of compounds which interact with progesterone receptors, and thereby affect transcription of genes which are responsive to progesterone, would be of significant value, e.a., for therapeutic ap~lications such as treatment of hormonally-responsive gy~ècological and malignant disorders. -Further, the identification of compounds which have ;
good specificity for the progesterone receptor, but whichhave lecs cross-reacti~ity for other intracellular receptors, would be of significant value since interaction of a ligand with other than the target intracellular receptors is known to result in significant undesira~le lS pharmacological side effects. Accordingly, agonists and antagonists to the progesterone receptor which do not display cross-reactivity with other intracellular receptors will exhibit an improved therapeutic index.
A group~of prenylated bromohydroquinones, called col-leatively cymopols, has been isolated and identified by ; several investigators using as a starting material the-~ ~ green marine alga Cymopolia barbata (L.) Lamouroux (Dasycladaceae). Among these, cymopol, Cl6H2lBrO2, is a crystalline phenol which has a bromogeranyl-hydroquinone
Non-Steroid Proqesterone_Rece tor Aqonist_~nd :
Anta~onist Compounds And Methods ~ ;
Related Application This application is a continuation-in-part of application Serial No. 07/872,710 filed April 21, 19g2, whose entire disclosure is incorporated herein by reference.
Field of the Invention This invention relates to intracellular receptors and ligands therefor. More ~pecifically, this in~ention relates to compounds which are non-steroidal progesterone j .
receptor antagonists or agonists, and methods for use of such compounds or ligands.
I~
Backqround of the Invention A central problem in eukaryotic molecular biology continues to be the elucidation of molecules and mechanisms that mediate specific gene regulation in response to molecular inducers such as hormones. As part of the scientific attack on this problem, a great deal of work has been done in efforts to identify molecular inducers which- are capable of mediating specific gene regulation.
Although much remains to be learned about the specifics of- gene regulation, it is known that certain small molecule, non-peptide hormones and similarly acting vitamins and-~itamin metabolites (collectively hereinafter called "horm~nes-") modulate gene transcription by acting in concert with intracellular components, including intrace~lular receptors and discrete DNA promoter enhancer sequences known as hormone response elements (HREs).
These hormones, acting through, and as ~'ligands" for, their intracellular receptors, directly regulate hormone-WO93/21145 3 ~ 3 3 3 2 5 PCT/US93/039 responsive genes (and perhaps other important genes whichare not directly hormone-responsive). Natural ligands for intracellular receptors are synthesized in the body or may be taken in as a component of food. It has also been shown that compounds other than the natural ligands can act upon intracellular receptors to re;gulate hormone-responsive genes. For example, some: natural product derivatives and synthetic compounds ~also function as ligands for these receptors.
10Intracellular receptors form a class of structu~ally-related genetic regulators scientists have named "ligand dependent transcription factors." Regulation of a gene by such factors requires both the intracellular receptor itself and a corresponding ligand which has the ability to selectively bind to the intracellular receptor in a way that affects gene activity. Until bound by a ligand, the intracellular receptor is unable to exert an effect on the gene. Hormone or other ligand molecules in the fluid surrounding a cell pass through the outer cell membrane by passi~e diffusion. Once inside the cell, the ligand binds to specific intracellular receptor proteins, creating a ligand/receptor complex. The binding of the ligand to its -~receptor induces a change in the shape of the intracellular receptor. This conformational change is _ 25 believed to expose regions of the intracellular receptor -- -- that permit the intracellular receptor/ligand complex to bind to a specific subset of genes present in the cell's DNA in the cell nucleus.
- -The blueprint to build specific proteins is encoded in the DNA sequence of each gene. This blueprint is copied in a process referred to as "transcription," to give rise to the actual template for the production of specific proteins, messenger RNA or "mRNA". The mRN~ then moves from the cell's nucleus into the cytoplasm and is translated, which results in the production of proteins encoded in the mRNA. Accordingly, a reduction in the ~093/~1145 ~1 3 3 3 2 5 PCT/US93/03909 transcription of mRNA reduces the production of the specific proteins.
Once the intracellular receptor/ligand complex binds to the specific site on the DNA, it alters the amount of 5 the protein encoded by the gene that the cell is directed `
to produce, by altering the amount of mRNA transcribed by that gene. A ligand which binds an intracellular receptor and mimics the effect of the natural ligand is referred to as an ~agonist" ligand. A ligand that inhibits the effect -of the hormone is called an "antagonist.~' Intracellular receptors are referred to as "ligand-dependent transcrip-tion factors" because their activity is dependent upon the `~
binding of their hormonal or other ligands, which are necessary to drive the intracellular receptor into its 15 active conformation. j`
~ The intracellular receptors form a large family of proteins that are closely related in structure. They are important drug targets, and many drugs currently on the market are ligands for these receptors. Not surprisingly, j the structural similarity of the receptors often resultsin cross-reactivity between a drug and receptors other than its target. It is apparent, therefore, that there is a need t~ find- alternative ligands (agonists and antagonists) which are readily available for therapeutic administration, have_ added specificity for particular receptors, and have-increased activity. `
Ligands to the progesterone receptor are known to play an important role in gynecological medicine, cancer, and other healt-h-care problems of women. Its natural ligand, the female steroid progesterone, and synthetic analogues are, _ for example, used in birth control . _ . .
formulations. -~tagonists to progesterone are useful in treating chronic disorders such as certain forms of hormone dependent cancer of the breast, ovaries, and endometrium ~the lining of the uterus), and in treating uterine fibroids. Endometriosis, a leading cause of infertility in women, currently treated in early stage Wo93/2114~ ;~ L 3 3 ~ 2 5 PCT/US93/03$
development by surgery, is also amenable to treatment with progesterone.
The identification of compounds which interact with progesterone receptors, and thereby affect transcription of genes which are responsive to progesterone, would be of significant value, e.a., for therapeutic ap~lications such as treatment of hormonally-responsive gy~ècological and malignant disorders. -Further, the identification of compounds which have ;
good specificity for the progesterone receptor, but whichhave lecs cross-reacti~ity for other intracellular receptors, would be of significant value since interaction of a ligand with other than the target intracellular receptors is known to result in significant undesira~le lS pharmacological side effects. Accordingly, agonists and antagonists to the progesterone receptor which do not display cross-reactivity with other intracellular receptors will exhibit an improved therapeutic index.
A group~of prenylated bromohydroquinones, called col-leatively cymopols, has been isolated and identified by ; several investigators using as a starting material the-~ ~ green marine alga Cymopolia barbata (L.) Lamouroux (Dasycladaceae). Among these, cymopol, Cl6H2lBrO2, is a crystalline phenol which has a bromogeranyl-hydroquinone
2~5~ ~or~brominated~monoterpene-~uinol structure. As described ~~ Hogberg~et al., J.C.S. Perkin I, 1696-1701 (1976), ~`cymopoI ~ ~2-bromo-5-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl~
hydroquinone] and its monomethyl ether, Cl7H23BrO2, ha~e the $ollowing structures:
~ OH
Br - OH
- ~ Cymopol ~ ~ .
v093/2ll45 ~ 3 3 2 ~ PCT/US93/03909 . .
S .
.
OMe Br OH
'..,~
~ymopol monomethyl ether Cyclocymopol [l-bromo-3-(4-bromo-2,5-dihydroxy-benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4 methylene cyclohexane] and its 5 monomethyl ether have also been obtained from C. barbata. :~
See Hogberg et al., su~ra. As described in McConnell et al., Phytochemistry, Vol. 21, No. 8, pp. 2139-41 ¦ , (1982), C. barb.ata contains a mixture of optically active ' `
diastereomers of cyclocymopol, Cl6H20Br202, and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether, C17H22Br2O2, having the following structures: I :
~. ~
- OR
~ t , :;
,. .
la (R-Hl. 2a ~R-Me): H (C-3)-pseudo-equatorial lb (~-H) -2b (R=Me): H (C-3)-pseudo-axial WO93/21145 ~ 1 3 3 3 2 5 PCT/US93/039~
(The above assumes the equatorial conformation for bromine at C - 1 ) .
Through silica gel chromatography of an ether-soluble extract of C. barbata, McConnell et ai~. were able to obtain a l:l mixture of ~:~ epimer~^ of cyclocymopol.
McConnell et al. also obtained a 3-:l mixture of ~:~
epimers of cyclocymopol monomethyi ether, which was enriched to a 4:l mixture of the ~:~ epimers through purification techniques.
Wall et al., J Nat. Prod., Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 1092-99 (1989), described additional diastereomeric cymopol compounds (cymobarbatol and 4-isocymobarbatol) which were determined to be hishly active antimutagens.
Wall et al. reported obtaining pure cymobarbatol compounds, but were unable to obtain stable cyclocymopol fractions. Apparently, however, the forms of cyclocympol and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether obtained by Hogberg et al., su~ra, were pure forms of formulae lb and 2b above.
The publications and references ref~rred to above and hereafter in this specification are incorporated herein by reference.
SummarY of the Invention - _ The present invention is directed to compounds, ~~ -2-5 --compo~itions, and methods for modulating processes - mediated by progesterone receptors. More particularly, the invention relates to non-steroidal compounds which are ~ ~- high affinity, high specificity ligands for progesterone - - receptors. These compounds exhibit progesterone receptor _-- 30 agonist or progesterone receptor antagc~ist activity, and -~- - modulate processes mediated by progesterone receptors.
Accordingly, the invention also relates to methods for modulating processes mediated by progesterone receptors employing the compounds disclosed. Examples of compounds used in and forming part of the invention include cyclocymopol derivatives and purified diastereomers WO93/21145 ~ 1 3 3 3 2 .j PCT/US93/03909 thereof, synthetic cyclocymopol analogs, and semisynthetic derivatives of natural cyclocymopols. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds di~closed are also within the scope of this invention. Also included are methods for identifying or purifying progesterone receptors by use of the compounds of this invention.
Brief Descr,iption of the Fiqures The presen~ invention may be better understood and its advantages appreciated by those skilled in the art by referring to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 presents the proton NMR spectrum for the individual pure 3R (panel a) and 3S (panel b) diastereomeric acetates of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
Figure 2 presents activation profiles for analysis of progesterone receptor activation by a cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomeric mixture (compound S0-44), by a pure 3S diastereomeric acetate (compound SO-51), and by a pure 3R diastereomeric acetate (compound S0-52). For these compounds and a progesterone control, agonist dose response is shown in panel a, and antagonist dose response in panel b. -Figure 3-~resents activation profiles for analysis of progesterone receptor activation by (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound S0-53). For this compound and a progesterone control, agonist dose response is shown in panel a, and antagonist dose response is shown in panel b.
, Figure 4 presents activation profiles for analysis of progesterone receptor activation by (3S)-cyclocymopol monomethyl e~her (compound S0-54) and its acetate (compound SO-51)-.-,,For these compounds and a progesterone control, agonist-- dose response is shown in panel a, and antagonist dose re ponse is shown in panel b.
Figure~5 presents acti~ation profiles for analysis of progesterone receptor activation by (3R)-cyclocymopol 3s monomethyl ether (compound S0-9). For this compound and WO93/2114S `~l 3 3 ~ 2 5 PCT/US93/039~
a progesterone control, against dose response is shown in panel a and antagonist dose response is shown ln panel b.
Figure 6 presents activation profiles for analysis of glucocorticoid receptor activation by (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound SO-09). For this compound and a dexamethasone control, agonist dose ~esponse is shown in panel a and antagonist dose response is shown in panel b.
Figure 7 presents profiles of displacement of 3H-labeled progesterone by cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomers (panels a and b), and of the 3H-labeled progesterone agonist R5020 by RU486 and by a (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether compound (SO-9).
Figure 8 presents profiles for analysis of progestrone binding for RU486 and (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound SO-9).
Figure 9 presents profiles of the displacement of 3H-labeled dexamethasone from gIucocorticoid receptor for several compounds.
Figure lO presents profiles showing the functional activities of cyclocymopol analogues in T47D cells. Panel a shows ligand dependent induction of alkaline phosphatase in T47D cells by RU486 and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomers. Inhibition by (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (S0-53) of progesterone-stimulated induction of - - Z`5~ alkaline phosphatase is shown in panel b, and of R5020 ~- ~ ~~stimulated induction in panel c.
Figure ll presents profiles showing the inhibition by RU486 of induction of alkaline phosphatase in T47D cells by (3S)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (S0-54) in panel a and by its acetate (SO-51) in panel b.
_ --- -Detailed Descri~tion of the Preferred Embodiment Cyclocymopols useful in this invention are defined as .
those having the formulae:
~093J21145 ~ ~ 3 3 ~ 2 5 PCT/VS93/03909 ~' R R ~ R
or R R 1~ R
wherein: - -the dotted lines in the structure depict optional I `
double bonds;
X is carbo~, oxygen, or nitrogen;
Rl is Rl7, -ORl"--N(R17)(Rl7), -SR17, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or -NO2;
, ~ , Rl7 and- (R17-), each independently, are hydrogen, saturated or unsaturated Cl-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, Cs-C7 aryl, or C7 aralkyl, said alkyl groups being branched or straight-chain;
R2 is -NO2, -N(OH)Rl7, fluorine, chlo~ine, bromine, iodine, Rl7, -N(Rl7)(Rl7,), -SRl7, -S(O)-Rl7, -S(O)2-Rl7, CH2OH, -C~O)-H, -C(O)CH3, -C(O) -OCH3, -C=CH2, -C=CH-C(O)- I :
OCX3, or Rl8;
~ 1 3 3 ~ 2 ~ PCT/US93/03~
Rl8 and (Rl8), each independently, are hydrogen, saturated or unsaturated C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, Cs-C7 aryl, or C7 aralkyl, said alkyl groups being branched or straight-chain which optionally may contain hydroxyl, aldehyde, ketone, nitrile, or ester groups;
R3 is Rl7 or -OR17;
R4 is hydrogen, -OR1" -OC(O)R17, -OC(O)OR17, -OC(O)N(R17)(R17), -OS(O)2R17, or -OS(O)-R17;
R5 is hydrogen or ORl7;
R6 is R17;
R7 and R3, each independently, are Rla, or R7 and R8 together are a carbocyclic 3-8 member ring;
Rg and Rlo, each independently, are chlorine, bromine, or R17, or R9 and Rlo combined are =0, except when X=0, Rg and Rlo are not present, and when X is N, then Rlo iæ not present, or Rg and Rlo together are joined in a carbocyclic
hydroquinone] and its monomethyl ether, Cl7H23BrO2, ha~e the $ollowing structures:
~ OH
Br - OH
- ~ Cymopol ~ ~ .
v093/2ll45 ~ 3 3 2 ~ PCT/US93/03909 . .
S .
.
OMe Br OH
'..,~
~ymopol monomethyl ether Cyclocymopol [l-bromo-3-(4-bromo-2,5-dihydroxy-benzyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4 methylene cyclohexane] and its 5 monomethyl ether have also been obtained from C. barbata. :~
See Hogberg et al., su~ra. As described in McConnell et al., Phytochemistry, Vol. 21, No. 8, pp. 2139-41 ¦ , (1982), C. barb.ata contains a mixture of optically active ' `
diastereomers of cyclocymopol, Cl6H20Br202, and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether, C17H22Br2O2, having the following structures: I :
~. ~
- OR
~ t , :;
,. .
la (R-Hl. 2a ~R-Me): H (C-3)-pseudo-equatorial lb (~-H) -2b (R=Me): H (C-3)-pseudo-axial WO93/21145 ~ 1 3 3 3 2 5 PCT/US93/039~
(The above assumes the equatorial conformation for bromine at C - 1 ) .
Through silica gel chromatography of an ether-soluble extract of C. barbata, McConnell et ai~. were able to obtain a l:l mixture of ~:~ epimer~^ of cyclocymopol.
McConnell et al. also obtained a 3-:l mixture of ~:~
epimers of cyclocymopol monomethyi ether, which was enriched to a 4:l mixture of the ~:~ epimers through purification techniques.
Wall et al., J Nat. Prod., Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 1092-99 (1989), described additional diastereomeric cymopol compounds (cymobarbatol and 4-isocymobarbatol) which were determined to be hishly active antimutagens.
Wall et al. reported obtaining pure cymobarbatol compounds, but were unable to obtain stable cyclocymopol fractions. Apparently, however, the forms of cyclocympol and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether obtained by Hogberg et al., su~ra, were pure forms of formulae lb and 2b above.
The publications and references ref~rred to above and hereafter in this specification are incorporated herein by reference.
SummarY of the Invention - _ The present invention is directed to compounds, ~~ -2-5 --compo~itions, and methods for modulating processes - mediated by progesterone receptors. More particularly, the invention relates to non-steroidal compounds which are ~ ~- high affinity, high specificity ligands for progesterone - - receptors. These compounds exhibit progesterone receptor _-- 30 agonist or progesterone receptor antagc~ist activity, and -~- - modulate processes mediated by progesterone receptors.
Accordingly, the invention also relates to methods for modulating processes mediated by progesterone receptors employing the compounds disclosed. Examples of compounds used in and forming part of the invention include cyclocymopol derivatives and purified diastereomers WO93/21145 ~ 1 3 3 3 2 .j PCT/US93/03909 thereof, synthetic cyclocymopol analogs, and semisynthetic derivatives of natural cyclocymopols. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds di~closed are also within the scope of this invention. Also included are methods for identifying or purifying progesterone receptors by use of the compounds of this invention.
Brief Descr,iption of the Fiqures The presen~ invention may be better understood and its advantages appreciated by those skilled in the art by referring to the accompanying drawings wherein:
Figure 1 presents the proton NMR spectrum for the individual pure 3R (panel a) and 3S (panel b) diastereomeric acetates of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
Figure 2 presents activation profiles for analysis of progesterone receptor activation by a cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomeric mixture (compound S0-44), by a pure 3S diastereomeric acetate (compound SO-51), and by a pure 3R diastereomeric acetate (compound S0-52). For these compounds and a progesterone control, agonist dose response is shown in panel a, and antagonist dose response in panel b. -Figure 3-~resents activation profiles for analysis of progesterone receptor activation by (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound S0-53). For this compound and a progesterone control, agonist dose response is shown in panel a, and antagonist dose response is shown in panel b.
, Figure 4 presents activation profiles for analysis of progesterone receptor activation by (3S)-cyclocymopol monomethyl e~her (compound S0-54) and its acetate (compound SO-51)-.-,,For these compounds and a progesterone control, agonist-- dose response is shown in panel a, and antagonist dose re ponse is shown in panel b.
Figure~5 presents acti~ation profiles for analysis of progesterone receptor activation by (3R)-cyclocymopol 3s monomethyl ether (compound S0-9). For this compound and WO93/2114S `~l 3 3 ~ 2 5 PCT/US93/039~
a progesterone control, against dose response is shown in panel a and antagonist dose response is shown ln panel b.
Figure 6 presents activation profiles for analysis of glucocorticoid receptor activation by (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound SO-09). For this compound and a dexamethasone control, agonist dose ~esponse is shown in panel a and antagonist dose response is shown in panel b.
Figure 7 presents profiles of displacement of 3H-labeled progesterone by cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomers (panels a and b), and of the 3H-labeled progesterone agonist R5020 by RU486 and by a (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether compound (SO-9).
Figure 8 presents profiles for analysis of progestrone binding for RU486 and (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound SO-9).
Figure 9 presents profiles of the displacement of 3H-labeled dexamethasone from gIucocorticoid receptor for several compounds.
Figure lO presents profiles showing the functional activities of cyclocymopol analogues in T47D cells. Panel a shows ligand dependent induction of alkaline phosphatase in T47D cells by RU486 and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomers. Inhibition by (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (S0-53) of progesterone-stimulated induction of - - Z`5~ alkaline phosphatase is shown in panel b, and of R5020 ~- ~ ~~stimulated induction in panel c.
Figure ll presents profiles showing the inhibition by RU486 of induction of alkaline phosphatase in T47D cells by (3S)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (S0-54) in panel a and by its acetate (SO-51) in panel b.
_ --- -Detailed Descri~tion of the Preferred Embodiment Cyclocymopols useful in this invention are defined as .
those having the formulae:
~093J21145 ~ ~ 3 3 ~ 2 5 PCT/VS93/03909 ~' R R ~ R
or R R 1~ R
wherein: - -the dotted lines in the structure depict optional I `
double bonds;
X is carbo~, oxygen, or nitrogen;
Rl is Rl7, -ORl"--N(R17)(Rl7), -SR17, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or -NO2;
, ~ , Rl7 and- (R17-), each independently, are hydrogen, saturated or unsaturated Cl-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, Cs-C7 aryl, or C7 aralkyl, said alkyl groups being branched or straight-chain;
R2 is -NO2, -N(OH)Rl7, fluorine, chlo~ine, bromine, iodine, Rl7, -N(Rl7)(Rl7,), -SRl7, -S(O)-Rl7, -S(O)2-Rl7, CH2OH, -C~O)-H, -C(O)CH3, -C(O) -OCH3, -C=CH2, -C=CH-C(O)- I :
OCX3, or Rl8;
~ 1 3 3 ~ 2 ~ PCT/US93/03~
Rl8 and (Rl8), each independently, are hydrogen, saturated or unsaturated C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, Cs-C7 aryl, or C7 aralkyl, said alkyl groups being branched or straight-chain which optionally may contain hydroxyl, aldehyde, ketone, nitrile, or ester groups;
R3 is Rl7 or -OR17;
R4 is hydrogen, -OR1" -OC(O)R17, -OC(O)OR17, -OC(O)N(R17)(R17), -OS(O)2R17, or -OS(O)-R17;
R5 is hydrogen or ORl7;
R6 is R17;
R7 and R3, each independently, are Rla, or R7 and R8 together are a carbocyclic 3-8 member ring;
Rg and Rlo, each independently, are chlorine, bromine, or R17, or R9 and Rlo combined are =0, except when X=0, Rg and Rlo are not present, and when X is N, then Rlo iæ not present, or Rg and Rlo together are joined in a carbocyclic
3-8 member ring;
~ Rll and R12, each independently, are -ORl7, Rl8, are =0, or are =CH2 except when Rl1 is attached to an sp~ carbon atom in the ring, then Rl2 is not present and Rll is Rla, or R1l and Rl3 together are joined in a carbocyclic 3-8 - member ring or are -O- to form an epoxide;
Rl3 and R14, each independently, are -OR17 or R1a, except when R13 is attached to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then : - -- Rl4 is not present and Rl3 is -ORl, or Rl8;
Rls and Rl6, each independently, are R1a or OR1~, or Rl5 and Rl6 together are -CH2-O- forming an epoxide, or Rls and ~ - Rl6 combined are =0 or =C(Rla)(Rla), except when Rls is hydroxyl, then Rl6 is not hydroxyl, and when Rls is attached -- to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then R16 iS not present.
, ~093~2114~ 3 3 ~ a PCT/US93/039 Definitions In accordance with the present invention and as used herein, the following terms axe defined with the following meanings, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
The term alkyl refers to straight-chain, branched-chain, cyclic structures, and combinations thereof.
The term "aryl" refers to aromatic groups which have at least one ring having a conjugated pi electron system and includes carbocyclic aryl, heterocyclic aryl and biaryl groups, all of which may be optionally substituted, being preferably phenyl or phenyl substituted by one to three substituents, such substituents being advantageously lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower acyloxy, halogen, cyano, trihalomethyl, lower alcylamino, or lower alkoxycarbonyl.
Carbocyclic aryl groups are groups wherein the ring atoms on the aromatic ring are carbon atoms. Carbocyclic aryl groups include monocyclic carbocyclic aryl groups and optionally substituted naphthyl groups.
Heterocyclic aryl groups are groups having from l to 3 heteroatoms as ring atoms in the aromatic ring with the remainder of the ring atoms being carbon atoms~ Suitable heteroatoms- include oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen, and suitable heterocyclic aryl groups include furanyl, thienyl, pyridyl,_ pyrrolyl, N-lower alkyl pyrrolyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, imidazolyl, and the like, all optionally su~stituted.
The term "aralkyl'l refers to an alkyl group substituted-with-an aryl group. Suitable aralkyl groups include benzyl and the like, and may be optionally :~.
substituted. _ The term "lower" referred to herein in connection with organic radicals or compounds respectively defines such wi~h up to and including 7, preferably up to and 3~ including 4 and advantageously one or two, carbon atoms.
Such groups may be straight chain or branched.
WO 93/21145PCT/US93/~34 2 l 3 3 3 2 5 Representative compounds and derivatives according to the present invention include the following:
1- Methyl idene - 2 - ( 2 ' - acetoxy- 4 ' -bromo - 5 ' -methoxyphenyl ) methyl - 3, 3 -dimethylcyclohexane;
5(3S) -l-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether, 2 ' -acetate;
l-Methylidene-2- (2 ' -hydroxy-4 ' -bromo-5 ' -methoxyphenyl ) methyl - 3, 3 - dimethylcyclohexane;
(3S) -ï-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether, 2 ' -methylcarbonate;
(3R, 5R) -5-Hydroxycyclocymopol monomethyl ether; 2-(4 ~ -Nitrophenyl) methylcyclohexanone;
( 3S) -1 -Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether;
l-Methylidene-6 - (2 ' -acetoxy-4 ' -bromo- 5 ' -methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene;
l-Methylidene-6- (4' -nitrophenyl)methyl-3, 5, 5-trimethylcyclohex- 2 -ene;
( 3R) -1 -Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether;
l-Methylidene-6- (2 ' -hydroxy-4 ' -bromo-5 ' -2 0 me thoxyphenyl ) methyl - 5, 5 - dimethyl cyc lohex- 2 - ene;
l-Methylidene-6- (2' -acetoxy-4' -bromo-5' -methoxyphe~yl ) methyl - 5, 5 -dimethylcyclohex- 2 -ene;
l-Methylidene-6- (3 ' -methyl-4 ' -nitrophenyl) methyl-5, 5-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene;
-~ -~~ 25 trans-1-Methylidene-6- (2 ' -acetoxy-4 ' -bromo-5 ' -methoxyphenyl)methyl-4, 5, 5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene;
1 -Methyl idene - 2 - ( 4 ' -bromophenyl ) methyl - 3, 3 -~- ~ dimethylcyclohexane;
. . .
1- Me thyl idene - 2 - ( 2 ' - hydroxy - 4 ' -bromo - 5 ' -- 30 methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,3-dimethylcyclopentane;
- ~ l-Methylidene-2- (4 ' -nitrophenyl) methylcyclohexane;
( 3R) - l-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether, 2 ' -methylcarbonate;
1 - Me t hy 1 i de ne - 2 - ( 2 ' - hydroxy - 4 ' - bromo - 5 ' - me t hoxy - ¦ .
35 phenyl ) methylcyclohexane;
(3R)-Cyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2'-methylcarbonate;
I;
21333~5 V~93/21145 PCT/US93/03909 .
(3R)-l-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2~-benzoate; and ~ 3R)-4'-Iodocyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
Compounds comprising the class of cyclocymopol compounds and derivatives disclosed herein can be obtained by routine chemical synthesis by those skilled in the art, e.g., by modification of the cyclocymopol compounds disclosed or by a total synthesis approach.
The cyclocymopol compounds of this invention bind selectively to the progesterone receptor. We have found that the non-synthetic cycloc~mopol compounds have agonist or antagonist acti~ity depending on their stereoisomeric form. For example, the 3~ or 3R diastereomer of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether has progesterone receptor antagonist activity, and the 3~ or 3Sdiastereomer of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether has progesterone receptor agonist activity. In contrast, other cyclocymopol analogs or derivatives have been found to predominently exhibit progesterone receptor antagonist activity regardless of their stereoisomeric form.
In the current invention, individual diastereomers of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether have been isolated from each other and~~purif-ied in accordance with the following example.
.
Exam~le l ~ `-- -The marine- alga Cymopolia barbata (L.) Lamouroux ! ' (Dasycladaceae) was collected and frozen. Frozen sample was lyophilizëd~ and extracted with l:l MeOH/CH2Cl2 three times, and the extract was concentrated n vacuo to obtain an a~ueous~ suspension of organic components. The concentrate-~as re-extracted with CH2Cl2 until no color came into the organic phase, and the CH2Cl2 extract was then concentrated to obtain the crude extract as a dark, green oil. The crude extract was purified by column chromatography on Sephadex LH20 with l:l MeOH/CH2Cl2, or vacuum flash chromatography on silica using a gradient of W093/2114~ PCT/US93/03~
'~13332~ 14 ethyl acetate in hexane, and the fractions were examined by thin layer chromatography ~TLC). The fractions that contained cymopols were pooled together and separated by reversed pha~e high performance liquid chromatography s (HPLC) using 80% MeOH/H20 to yield a mixture of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomers which were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectro-scopy as a mixture of the following as shown below:
OMc OMe O~H ~ ~ Br Cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomers Proton NMR spectrum of the cyclocymopol monomethyl `~ ether mixture indicated the presence of the two diastereomers in the ratio 4:1. The two compounds could not be separated by reversed phase HPLC (ODS Column, 20~
H20/MeOH solvent) where both migrated with the same - ; retention.
The two compounds behaved similarly on normal phase HPLC (silica column, 5% EtOAc/hexane solvent), and an - attempt to collect fractions inside the HPLC peak also failed to yield any separation. This indicated that the diastereomers of the mixture had very similar ~-~ chromatographic behavior, even though diastereomers normally have different chromatographic characteristics.
~ ! l In order to separate the diastereomèrs, the -~ 25 cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomer mixture was - ~ reacted with acetic anhydride (Ac20) and pyridine at room , . . .
temperature for about 10 hours. The resulting mixture of diastereomaric acetates was completely separated by normal phase HPLC (silica column, 5% EtOAc/hexane) to yield the individual chromatographically-pure diastereomers, as follows:
, .
:
WO93/21145 ~ 3 3 3 2 ~ PCT/US93~03909 OMe OMe ~Br ~Br OAc ~ OAc ~ ;
Diastereomeric Acetates Proton NMR analysis confirmed that two separate pectroscopically-pure diastereomeric acetates were obtained, as shown in Figure 1. The spectrum for t:he 3R
diastereometric acetate is shown in panel a, and the spec~rum for the 3S diastereometric acetate is shown in panel b of Figure 1. The individual pure diastereomers were separately reacted with K2CO3 in MeOH to conver~ them back to the parent form, and the resultant products were purified by re~ersed phase HPLC using 80~ MeOH/~2O to obtain the individual purified diastereomers of .
cyclocymopol monomethyl ether, as follows: i OMe OMe O~ ~ ~ Br .. -. .
3~ or 3R 3~ or 3S
diastereomer diastereomer Proton NMR analysis of the resulting indi~idual .
cyciocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomers also showed them to be spectroscopically pure. The 3R or 3 diastereomer was determined to ha~e been the major component of the cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomer mixture obtained from C. barbata.
~ Rll and R12, each independently, are -ORl7, Rl8, are =0, or are =CH2 except when Rl1 is attached to an sp~ carbon atom in the ring, then Rl2 is not present and Rll is Rla, or R1l and Rl3 together are joined in a carbocyclic 3-8 - member ring or are -O- to form an epoxide;
Rl3 and R14, each independently, are -OR17 or R1a, except when R13 is attached to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then : - -- Rl4 is not present and Rl3 is -ORl, or Rl8;
Rls and Rl6, each independently, are R1a or OR1~, or Rl5 and Rl6 together are -CH2-O- forming an epoxide, or Rls and ~ - Rl6 combined are =0 or =C(Rla)(Rla), except when Rls is hydroxyl, then Rl6 is not hydroxyl, and when Rls is attached -- to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then R16 iS not present.
, ~093~2114~ 3 3 ~ a PCT/US93/039 Definitions In accordance with the present invention and as used herein, the following terms axe defined with the following meanings, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
The term alkyl refers to straight-chain, branched-chain, cyclic structures, and combinations thereof.
The term "aryl" refers to aromatic groups which have at least one ring having a conjugated pi electron system and includes carbocyclic aryl, heterocyclic aryl and biaryl groups, all of which may be optionally substituted, being preferably phenyl or phenyl substituted by one to three substituents, such substituents being advantageously lower alkyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower acyloxy, halogen, cyano, trihalomethyl, lower alcylamino, or lower alkoxycarbonyl.
Carbocyclic aryl groups are groups wherein the ring atoms on the aromatic ring are carbon atoms. Carbocyclic aryl groups include monocyclic carbocyclic aryl groups and optionally substituted naphthyl groups.
Heterocyclic aryl groups are groups having from l to 3 heteroatoms as ring atoms in the aromatic ring with the remainder of the ring atoms being carbon atoms~ Suitable heteroatoms- include oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen, and suitable heterocyclic aryl groups include furanyl, thienyl, pyridyl,_ pyrrolyl, N-lower alkyl pyrrolyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, imidazolyl, and the like, all optionally su~stituted.
The term "aralkyl'l refers to an alkyl group substituted-with-an aryl group. Suitable aralkyl groups include benzyl and the like, and may be optionally :~.
substituted. _ The term "lower" referred to herein in connection with organic radicals or compounds respectively defines such wi~h up to and including 7, preferably up to and 3~ including 4 and advantageously one or two, carbon atoms.
Such groups may be straight chain or branched.
WO 93/21145PCT/US93/~34 2 l 3 3 3 2 5 Representative compounds and derivatives according to the present invention include the following:
1- Methyl idene - 2 - ( 2 ' - acetoxy- 4 ' -bromo - 5 ' -methoxyphenyl ) methyl - 3, 3 -dimethylcyclohexane;
5(3S) -l-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether, 2 ' -acetate;
l-Methylidene-2- (2 ' -hydroxy-4 ' -bromo-5 ' -methoxyphenyl ) methyl - 3, 3 - dimethylcyclohexane;
(3S) -ï-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether, 2 ' -methylcarbonate;
(3R, 5R) -5-Hydroxycyclocymopol monomethyl ether; 2-(4 ~ -Nitrophenyl) methylcyclohexanone;
( 3S) -1 -Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether;
l-Methylidene-6 - (2 ' -acetoxy-4 ' -bromo- 5 ' -methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene;
l-Methylidene-6- (4' -nitrophenyl)methyl-3, 5, 5-trimethylcyclohex- 2 -ene;
( 3R) -1 -Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether;
l-Methylidene-6- (2 ' -hydroxy-4 ' -bromo-5 ' -2 0 me thoxyphenyl ) methyl - 5, 5 - dimethyl cyc lohex- 2 - ene;
l-Methylidene-6- (2' -acetoxy-4' -bromo-5' -methoxyphe~yl ) methyl - 5, 5 -dimethylcyclohex- 2 -ene;
l-Methylidene-6- (3 ' -methyl-4 ' -nitrophenyl) methyl-5, 5-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene;
-~ -~~ 25 trans-1-Methylidene-6- (2 ' -acetoxy-4 ' -bromo-5 ' -methoxyphenyl)methyl-4, 5, 5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene;
1 -Methyl idene - 2 - ( 4 ' -bromophenyl ) methyl - 3, 3 -~- ~ dimethylcyclohexane;
. . .
1- Me thyl idene - 2 - ( 2 ' - hydroxy - 4 ' -bromo - 5 ' -- 30 methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,3-dimethylcyclopentane;
- ~ l-Methylidene-2- (4 ' -nitrophenyl) methylcyclohexane;
( 3R) - l-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether, 2 ' -methylcarbonate;
1 - Me t hy 1 i de ne - 2 - ( 2 ' - hydroxy - 4 ' - bromo - 5 ' - me t hoxy - ¦ .
35 phenyl ) methylcyclohexane;
(3R)-Cyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2'-methylcarbonate;
I;
21333~5 V~93/21145 PCT/US93/03909 .
(3R)-l-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2~-benzoate; and ~ 3R)-4'-Iodocyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
Compounds comprising the class of cyclocymopol compounds and derivatives disclosed herein can be obtained by routine chemical synthesis by those skilled in the art, e.g., by modification of the cyclocymopol compounds disclosed or by a total synthesis approach.
The cyclocymopol compounds of this invention bind selectively to the progesterone receptor. We have found that the non-synthetic cycloc~mopol compounds have agonist or antagonist acti~ity depending on their stereoisomeric form. For example, the 3~ or 3R diastereomer of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether has progesterone receptor antagonist activity, and the 3~ or 3Sdiastereomer of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether has progesterone receptor agonist activity. In contrast, other cyclocymopol analogs or derivatives have been found to predominently exhibit progesterone receptor antagonist activity regardless of their stereoisomeric form.
In the current invention, individual diastereomers of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether have been isolated from each other and~~purif-ied in accordance with the following example.
.
Exam~le l ~ `-- -The marine- alga Cymopolia barbata (L.) Lamouroux ! ' (Dasycladaceae) was collected and frozen. Frozen sample was lyophilizëd~ and extracted with l:l MeOH/CH2Cl2 three times, and the extract was concentrated n vacuo to obtain an a~ueous~ suspension of organic components. The concentrate-~as re-extracted with CH2Cl2 until no color came into the organic phase, and the CH2Cl2 extract was then concentrated to obtain the crude extract as a dark, green oil. The crude extract was purified by column chromatography on Sephadex LH20 with l:l MeOH/CH2Cl2, or vacuum flash chromatography on silica using a gradient of W093/2114~ PCT/US93/03~
'~13332~ 14 ethyl acetate in hexane, and the fractions were examined by thin layer chromatography ~TLC). The fractions that contained cymopols were pooled together and separated by reversed pha~e high performance liquid chromatography s (HPLC) using 80% MeOH/H20 to yield a mixture of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomers which were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectro-scopy as a mixture of the following as shown below:
OMc OMe O~H ~ ~ Br Cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomers Proton NMR spectrum of the cyclocymopol monomethyl `~ ether mixture indicated the presence of the two diastereomers in the ratio 4:1. The two compounds could not be separated by reversed phase HPLC (ODS Column, 20~
H20/MeOH solvent) where both migrated with the same - ; retention.
The two compounds behaved similarly on normal phase HPLC (silica column, 5% EtOAc/hexane solvent), and an - attempt to collect fractions inside the HPLC peak also failed to yield any separation. This indicated that the diastereomers of the mixture had very similar ~-~ chromatographic behavior, even though diastereomers normally have different chromatographic characteristics.
~ ! l In order to separate the diastereomèrs, the -~ 25 cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomer mixture was - ~ reacted with acetic anhydride (Ac20) and pyridine at room , . . .
temperature for about 10 hours. The resulting mixture of diastereomaric acetates was completely separated by normal phase HPLC (silica column, 5% EtOAc/hexane) to yield the individual chromatographically-pure diastereomers, as follows:
, .
:
WO93/21145 ~ 3 3 3 2 ~ PCT/US93~03909 OMe OMe ~Br ~Br OAc ~ OAc ~ ;
Diastereomeric Acetates Proton NMR analysis confirmed that two separate pectroscopically-pure diastereomeric acetates were obtained, as shown in Figure 1. The spectrum for t:he 3R
diastereometric acetate is shown in panel a, and the spec~rum for the 3S diastereometric acetate is shown in panel b of Figure 1. The individual pure diastereomers were separately reacted with K2CO3 in MeOH to conver~ them back to the parent form, and the resultant products were purified by re~ersed phase HPLC using 80~ MeOH/~2O to obtain the individual purified diastereomers of .
cyclocymopol monomethyl ether, as follows: i OMe OMe O~ ~ ~ Br .. -. .
3~ or 3R 3~ or 3S
diastereomer diastereomer Proton NMR analysis of the resulting indi~idual .
cyciocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomers also showed them to be spectroscopically pure. The 3R or 3 diastereomer was determined to ha~e been the major component of the cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomer mixture obtained from C. barbata.
4~ PCT/US93/039~
213332~
Proqesterone RecePtor Activity Utilizing the "cis-trans" or "co-transfection~ assay described by Evans et al., Science, 240:889-95 (May 13, 1988), the two cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomers s were tested and found to have actlvity specifically for the intracellular receptor for progesterone. This assay is described in further detail in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,981,784 and 5,071,773, which are incorporated herein by reference. The co-transfection assay provides a method for identifying functional ligands (either agonists which mimic, or antagonists which inhibit, the effect of hormones) for ligand-responsive receptor proteins.
The co-transfection assay provides a mechanism to evaluate ability of a compound to function as an agonist or antagonist of the activity modulated by an intracellular receptor.- The co-transfection assay mimics an ~n vivo system in the laboratory. In the co-transfection assay, a cloned gene for an intracellular receptor is introduced by transfection (a procedure to induce cells to take up foreign genes) into a background - cell substantially devoid of endogenous intracellular receptors. This introduced gene directs the recipient cells to make the intracellular receptor protein. A- - 25 second gene is a}so introduced (co-transfected) into the same cells in conjunction with the intracellular receptor gene. This second gene functions as a reporter for the ! itranscription-modulating activity of ~he target intracellular receptor. The reporter acts as a surrogate for the products normally expressed by a gene under control of the target receptor and its natural hormone.
A preferred reporter gene is one which expresses the firefly enzyme luciferase. The co-transfection assay can detect small molecule agonists or antagonists of target intracellular receptors. Exposing the cells to an agonist ligand increases reporter activity in the transfected cells that can be conveniently measured, reflecting ':?:
'~
VO93/21145 ~ ~ 3 ~ 3 2 S PCT/VS93/03909 ligand-dependent, intracellular receptor-mediated increases in reporter transcription. To detect anta-gonists, the co-transfection assay is carried out in the presence of a constant concentration of an agonist known to induce a defined reporter signal. Increasing concentrations of a test antagonist will decrease the reporter signal. The co-transfection assay is therefore useful to detect both agonists and antagonists of specific intracellular receptors. It determines not only whether a compound interacts with a particular intracellular receptor, but also whether this interaction mimics (agonizes) or blocks (antagonizes) the effects of the natural regulatory molecules on target gene expression.
Co-transfected cells are-exposed to a medium to which is added the potential ligand that is being evaluated. If the candidate ligand diffuses into the cell and binds to the receptor and the resulting complex functions as an agonist, it binds to the co-transfected reporter gene and initiates transcription. When that gene is one that expresses, for example, luciferase, luciferase is produced which catalyzes a light-emitting reaction with its substrate- luciferin. Thus, after cell lysis and the introduc~ion of luciferin, the amount of light produced relative to the concentration of candidate ligand used in the assay provides a measure of the potency and efficacy of the compound tested. Antagonist activity is evaluated by adding the-candidate ligand and a known agonist to the coj-transfected cells. Suppression of agonist-induced luclferase-production by the candidate compound, and hence the amount of light produced, indicates the candidate ligand ls--~n antagonist.
The -progesterone receptor activity of the cyclo-cymopol monomethyl ether disastereomer compounds were demonstrated according to the following illustrative example.
EDIT OPERATOR, PLEASE TYPE THIS PAGE.
~ O 93/21145 2 1 3 3 3 2 ~ PCT/US93/03909 19 .~:
also shown in Figure 2, the corresponding purified 3R
diastereomeric acetate (designated S0-52) exhibited progesterone receptor antagonist activity, and a purified 3S diastereomeric acetate (designated S0-51) exhibited progesterone receptor agonist activity. These assays also showed that a 3R diastereomer of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (designated S0-53) exhibited progesterone antagonist activity, as shown in Figure 3. In contrast, the 3S
diastereomer of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (S0-54), and its acetate (S0-51), display progesterone receptor agonist ac~ivity, as shown in Figure 4.
Compound S0-9 and the identical compound from a separate preparation, compound S0-53, exhibit progesterone receptor antagonist activity (see Figure 5), and were tested for cross reactivity wi~h the other known intracellular receptor classes, e.g., glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, androgen, estrogen, and retinoic acid.
Compound S0-9 was also tested with orphan receptors (which are receptors whose natural ligand is unknown). The compound was found not to cross-react with any of the other receptors, which demonstrates that activity was limited to the progesterone receptor. Figure 6 is illustr-ative, and shows that compound S0-9 demonstrated neither agonist nor antagonist activity with the glucocorticoid receptor, dexamethasone.
The 3R and 3S diastereomeric acetates of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether were also individually tested for cross reactivity with the other known intracellular receptor classes. This testing showed the 3R diastereomer to have slight agonist activity with the glucocorticoid receptor.
No antagonist activity was detected with either compound.
To investigate the interaction of the cyclocymopol analogs with the human progesterone receptor, and to further demonstrate that they display ligand activity with the progesterone receptor, the analogs were tested for their ability to displace 3H-labeled progesterone from cell
213332~
Proqesterone RecePtor Activity Utilizing the "cis-trans" or "co-transfection~ assay described by Evans et al., Science, 240:889-95 (May 13, 1988), the two cyclocymopol monomethyl ether diastereomers s were tested and found to have actlvity specifically for the intracellular receptor for progesterone. This assay is described in further detail in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,981,784 and 5,071,773, which are incorporated herein by reference. The co-transfection assay provides a method for identifying functional ligands (either agonists which mimic, or antagonists which inhibit, the effect of hormones) for ligand-responsive receptor proteins.
The co-transfection assay provides a mechanism to evaluate ability of a compound to function as an agonist or antagonist of the activity modulated by an intracellular receptor.- The co-transfection assay mimics an ~n vivo system in the laboratory. In the co-transfection assay, a cloned gene for an intracellular receptor is introduced by transfection (a procedure to induce cells to take up foreign genes) into a background - cell substantially devoid of endogenous intracellular receptors. This introduced gene directs the recipient cells to make the intracellular receptor protein. A- - 25 second gene is a}so introduced (co-transfected) into the same cells in conjunction with the intracellular receptor gene. This second gene functions as a reporter for the ! itranscription-modulating activity of ~he target intracellular receptor. The reporter acts as a surrogate for the products normally expressed by a gene under control of the target receptor and its natural hormone.
A preferred reporter gene is one which expresses the firefly enzyme luciferase. The co-transfection assay can detect small molecule agonists or antagonists of target intracellular receptors. Exposing the cells to an agonist ligand increases reporter activity in the transfected cells that can be conveniently measured, reflecting ':?:
'~
VO93/21145 ~ ~ 3 ~ 3 2 S PCT/VS93/03909 ligand-dependent, intracellular receptor-mediated increases in reporter transcription. To detect anta-gonists, the co-transfection assay is carried out in the presence of a constant concentration of an agonist known to induce a defined reporter signal. Increasing concentrations of a test antagonist will decrease the reporter signal. The co-transfection assay is therefore useful to detect both agonists and antagonists of specific intracellular receptors. It determines not only whether a compound interacts with a particular intracellular receptor, but also whether this interaction mimics (agonizes) or blocks (antagonizes) the effects of the natural regulatory molecules on target gene expression.
Co-transfected cells are-exposed to a medium to which is added the potential ligand that is being evaluated. If the candidate ligand diffuses into the cell and binds to the receptor and the resulting complex functions as an agonist, it binds to the co-transfected reporter gene and initiates transcription. When that gene is one that expresses, for example, luciferase, luciferase is produced which catalyzes a light-emitting reaction with its substrate- luciferin. Thus, after cell lysis and the introduc~ion of luciferin, the amount of light produced relative to the concentration of candidate ligand used in the assay provides a measure of the potency and efficacy of the compound tested. Antagonist activity is evaluated by adding the-candidate ligand and a known agonist to the coj-transfected cells. Suppression of agonist-induced luclferase-production by the candidate compound, and hence the amount of light produced, indicates the candidate ligand ls--~n antagonist.
The -progesterone receptor activity of the cyclo-cymopol monomethyl ether disastereomer compounds were demonstrated according to the following illustrative example.
EDIT OPERATOR, PLEASE TYPE THIS PAGE.
~ O 93/21145 2 1 3 3 3 2 ~ PCT/US93/03909 19 .~:
also shown in Figure 2, the corresponding purified 3R
diastereomeric acetate (designated S0-52) exhibited progesterone receptor antagonist activity, and a purified 3S diastereomeric acetate (designated S0-51) exhibited progesterone receptor agonist activity. These assays also showed that a 3R diastereomer of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (designated S0-53) exhibited progesterone antagonist activity, as shown in Figure 3. In contrast, the 3S
diastereomer of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (S0-54), and its acetate (S0-51), display progesterone receptor agonist ac~ivity, as shown in Figure 4.
Compound S0-9 and the identical compound from a separate preparation, compound S0-53, exhibit progesterone receptor antagonist activity (see Figure 5), and were tested for cross reactivity wi~h the other known intracellular receptor classes, e.g., glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, androgen, estrogen, and retinoic acid.
Compound S0-9 was also tested with orphan receptors (which are receptors whose natural ligand is unknown). The compound was found not to cross-react with any of the other receptors, which demonstrates that activity was limited to the progesterone receptor. Figure 6 is illustr-ative, and shows that compound S0-9 demonstrated neither agonist nor antagonist activity with the glucocorticoid receptor, dexamethasone.
The 3R and 3S diastereomeric acetates of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether were also individually tested for cross reactivity with the other known intracellular receptor classes. This testing showed the 3R diastereomer to have slight agonist activity with the glucocorticoid receptor.
No antagonist activity was detected with either compound.
To investigate the interaction of the cyclocymopol analogs with the human progesterone receptor, and to further demonstrate that they display ligand activity with the progesterone receptor, the analogs were tested for their ability to displace 3H-labeled progesterone from cell
5 PCT/US93/039 2133~25 extracts containing the human progesterone receptor. ;
These tests were conducted according to the following ;~
illustrative example.
Exam~le 3 A plasmid which expresses progesterone receptor was ;
transfected into CV-1 cells by the method of calcium phosphate precipitation. After six hours, the cells were washed and incubated at 37C with 95~ 2/5~ C2 for 40 hours prior to harvest.
After incubation, cells were harvested and washed in phosphate buffered saline. Whole cell receptor extract was prepared by homogenizing the harvested cells in Tris-HCl buffer, pH=7.4, containing 30% glycerol, 1 mM EDTA, 12 mM monothioglycerol, 1 mM PMSF, and 0.5 M potassium chloride. The homogenate was incubated at 4C for 60 min with resuspension every 10 min. The suspension was centrifuged (105,000 X g, 60 min) and the supernatant was , 1;
collected and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored ! -`
frozen at -70C.
Aliquots of the whole cell extract containing .-- - transfected progesterone receptor was incubated at 4C for 24 hours with a constant conc~ntration (5 nM) of tritiated progesterone and increasing concentrations (0 - 2.5 x 10- 1 - _ sM) of either unlabeled cold progesterone or test compound.
25- The concentration of bound tritiated progesterone was i determined in each sample by the dextran-coated charcoal I
adsorption technique, as follows.
_ ~ ~~ To a 500 1 final volume incubation mixture, 400 1 of -- 7.S% (w/v) dextran-coated charcoal suspension in gelatin phosphate buffer was added. The mixture was vortexed and - ~ -- incubated at 4C for 10 min and then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The amount of bound tritiated hormone was `
determined by liquid scintillation spec~rophotometry of an aliquot of the supernatant.
WO93/21145 ~1 3 3 3 2 5 PCT/US93/03909 21 ;`
As shown in Figure 7a, the purified 3R diastereomer of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound S0-53) and its corresponding acetate (compound S0-52) displaced 3H-progesterone from its ligand binding site in a concentration-dependent manner. Similar binding isotherms were obtained with the purified 3S diastereomeric acetate of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound SO-51), as shown in Figure 7b. These compounds were between 2 and 3 orders of magnitude less potent than the endogenous hormone, progesterone. Similar binding studies were also carried out using the radiolabeled progesterone-agonist 3H-R5020, compound SO-9 (which is identical to compound SO-53), and the progesterone antagonist, RU486. As shown in Figure 7c, RU486 was a competitive antagonist of R5020, whereas compound SO-9 did not compete for this binding site.
.
~Progesterone receptor antagonists, such as RU486, can - ~increase the specific binding of progesterone to its ligand binding site. This enigma was also observed upon performing binding studies with 3H-progesterone in the presence of compound SO-9. As shown in Figure 8, this compound signi-ficantly increased the apparent Bmax of 3H-progesterone. ~
Specificity of binding of progesterone agonists and 25 ~antagonists has been studied by comparing the ability of various ligands t~- displace 3H-glucocorticoid from the human glucocorticoid receptor. The data in Figure 9a lustrate that each of the ligands studied has affinity for the glucocort-icoid receptor. The affinity of RU486 for the glucocorticoid receptor exceeds that of dexamethasone, -and is 300-fold greater than that of compound SO-09-~.--=In fact, the affinity of RU486 for the glucocorticoid receptor is comparable to its affinity for the progesterone receptor.
.
35The functional activities of the cyclocymopol analogues in the human breast cell line, T47D, were also WO93/21145 PCT/US93/039~
'~ 133325 investigated. T47D cells have proven to be a particularly useful model to investigate the molecular actions of sex steroids because they contain endogenous functional receptors for, and respond to, progestins, and their respecti~e antagonists. Moreo;~er, these cells contain exceptionally high titexs of progesterone receptors and are exquisitely sensitive to the actions of progestins in a manner quite similar to their actions in normal and neoplastic mammary epithelial cells. In T47D cells, progestins induce de novo synthesis of a plasma-associated alkaline phosphatase, which has been reported to be similar, if not identical, to the alkaline phosphatase present in the normal breast and human milk. These te~sts were conducted according to the following illustrative example.
I ~, Exam~le 4 T47D cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium ortified with 10~ fetal bovine serum, 2 mM glutamine, 0.2 ug/ml bovine insulin and, 0.05 mg/ml gentamicin. Cells were plated in 100-mm plates in medium; 4~ hours later - they were changed to medium containing 2~ charcoal treated ~ -- serum with or without test compounds in a final ethanol concentration of 0.1%. For routine induction of alkaline .._phosphatase, cells were treated for three days with two ~-25 -media changes and harvested as described below.
- Cells were collected with a rubber policeman into p~osphate-buffered saline, pelleted, and lysed with TPSG
~ ~ - .buffer (0.2% Triton X-100 containing 10 mM sodium - phosphate pH-7.4, 0.1 M sucrose, and 10% glycerol) at 0 C for 30 min with vigorous vortex mixing every 5 min.
- ~- Nuclei were sedimented at 2500 rpm, and the supernatant was saved as cyto901. The protein content of the cytosol ~ was assayed by the method of Bradford. Alkaline phosphatase activity was determined by incubating one 3s volume of cell extract with three volumes of 1 mg/ml p-nitrophenol phosphate pr~epared in DEAM (l M
WO93/2114~ 3 ~ 3 2 ~ PCT/US93io3909 diethanolamine, pH=s~ containing 2 mM magnesium chloride) at room temperature for 20 min. At the end of the incubation time, the reaction was stopped with an equal volume of lN NaOH. Ten standards of p-nitrophenol were ~ 5 prepared in DEAM buffer and absorbance was read at 405 nm.
Alkaline phosphatase acti~ity is expressed as pmol p-nitrophenol formed/min/mg protein.
As shown in Figure l0a, (3S)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound S0-54), and its corresponding acetate (compound SO-5l), are functional agonists in this system, whereas (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound SO-53), and its corresponding acetate (compound S0-52), appear to be very weak agonists. The 3S form compounds exhibit increased efficacy at higher concentrations, an effect which has been found to be reproducible.
To detexmine if (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether could function as a progesterone receptor antagonist, the effects of increasing concentrations of this compound on R5020-induced alkaline phosphatase activity were quantified in T47D cells. As shown in Figures l0b and l0c, (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound S0-53) is an effective antagonist of the progesterone mimic.
Similarly, when alkaline phosphatase activity was stimulated by l_~--nM~ ~rogesterone, (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound S0-53) attenuated this induction in a concentration-dependent manner.
In comparison, the progesterone agonist, (3S)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound S0-54), and its acetate (SO-51), increased the activity of intracellular alkaline phospha~ase~~in a concentration-dependent manner, and this was blocked by the progesterone antagonist, RU486, as shown in Figure ll. In this system, (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound S0-53) functioned as a progesterone receptor antagonist and attenuated the WO93/~114~ PCT/US93/039~
~3332S 24 _. .
effects of progesterone in a concentration- dependant manner.
Synthetic and semisynthetic cyclocymopol analogs have been prepared which also have activity for the intracellular receptor for progesterone. Representative analogs of the present invention-are prepared according to the following illustrative synthetic schemes and illustrative examples.
Exam~le 5 - Svnthesis of Aromatic Subunit 2-AcetoxY-5-methoxYbenzaldehYde ~
To a flame-dried 50 mL round-bottomed flask containing 10.00 g (6S.7 mmol) 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy benzaldehyde in 10 mL dry pyridine at 0C under nitrogen atmosphere was added 7 mL acetic anhydride. The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature and continually stirred until TLC analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material (50 min). Ethyl acetate tl50 mL) was added, and the mixture was then transferred to a separatory funnel and successively washed with lN HCl (3 x 50 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (1 x 50 mL), and ~~brine (1 x 50 mL), dried over Na2S0~, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 12.41 g (97~) of the - w etylated phenol as a white solid. The product thus -obtained was homogenous by TLC (Rf 0.41, 2:1 hexane/ethyl acetate), and was carried on to the next step without ~further pur;ification.
~ 2-Acetoxv-4-bromo-5-methoxYbenzaldehyde (2~:
--To a 500 ~L round-bottomed flask containing a solution of 20.0 g (168.1 mmol, 3.26 equiv) potassium bromide and 3.21 mL (lO.0 g, 62.6 mmol, 1.21 equiv) bromine in 200 mL water at room tèmperature was added - 10.00 g (51.5 mmol, 1.O equiv) 2-acetoxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (1) as a finely divided white powder, portionwise over a period of 35 min. After 18 h stirring 3S at room temperature, the reaction mixture was filtered W093/21~4s ~ 3 3 3 2 ~ PCT/US93/03909 under vacuum using a Buchner funnel to give 10.59 g (89~) of the aryl bromide as a pale yellow solid (Rf 0.45, 2:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate). The product thus obtained was of greater than 98~ purity by lH NMR, and homogenous by TLC, and was carried on to the next step without further purification. A portion of the crude product was recrystallized from 5:1 ether/hexanes to give white needles.
2-HYdroxy~-bromo-5-methoxYbenzaldehy~e (33:
To a 200 mL round-bottomed flask containing 6.90 g (25.3 mmol) 2 acetoxy-4-bromo-5-methoxybenzaldehyde ~2) in 100 mL of 1~ aqueous methanol at room temperature was added 5 g K2C03, and the mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 h, at which time TLC analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material and the presence of a slightly more polar compound as the only detectable product. The reaction mixture was then neutralized to pH 5 with the addition of 1 N HCl, and the solvent was subsequently removed under diminished pressure. The residue was then dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL), washed successively with 1 N HCl (1 x 50 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (1 x 50 mL), and brine (1 x 50 mL), dried o~e~ Na2S04, and concentrated under diminished pressure to give 4.97 g (85%) of the bromophenol as a brownish-red oily solid. A portion of this crude material was recrystaIlized:from 2:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate to give white needles. The r~mainder of the material was carried on to the next step without further purification.
2-(ten-Butvl)dimethylsilvloxy-4-bromo-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (4): - -To a flame-dried 100 mL round-bottomed flask containing 2.7~--g (11.95 mmol) 2-hydroxy-4-bromo-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (3) in 50 mL anhydrous dichloromethane under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature was added 2.03 g (29.88 mmol, 2.50 equiv) imidazole, 2.25 g (14.94 mmol, 1.25 equiv) (tert-Butyl)- dimethylchlorosilane, and DMAP (100 mg, catalytic). The mixture was allowed to stir '~ 133 32 S 26 at room temperature for 75 min, at which time T~C analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material, and the formation of a less polar product ~Rf 0.75, 2~
hexanes/ethyl acetate). The reaction mixture was then poured into a separatory funnel : containing 50 mL
dichloromethane and 50 mL saturated a~ueous NX4Cl, the layers were separated, and the organic phase was washed with 50 mL brine, dried over Na2SOç, and concentrated under diminished pressure to give 4.13 g (quantitative) of the silylated bromophenol as an off-white solid, a portion of which was recrystallized from 3:1 hexanes/ether to give an amorphous white solid.
2-(tert-Butvl ~dimethylsilyloxv=4-bromo-5-methoxybenzYl alcohol (5):
15To a flame-dried 200 mL round-bottomed flask containing 4.10 g (13.14 mmol) 2-(tert-butyl)dime~
thylsilyloxy-4-bromo-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (4) in 100 mL
anhydrous methanol at 0C was added 0.50 g ~13.15 mmol, 1.0 mol equiv) NaBH4 over a period of 3 min. After 20 min at OoC, TLC analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material, and the formation of a more polar --- product (Rf 0.42, 2:1 hexanes/ethyl acetatel. Wa~er (75 mL) was added, and the methanol was removed by rotary _ evapora-tion. The resultant aqueous residue was extracted - 25 with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL), and the combined organic ~ layers were dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pre sure. Purif-ication by flash column ~ chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate, 5:1) - afforded 4.10 g (98%) of the benzylic alcohol as a white solid.
. .
_2-(tert-ButYl)dimethYlsilyloxy-4-bromo-5-methoxYbenzvl bromide (6):
To a flame-dried 100 mL round-bottomed flask containing triphenylphosphine (1.27 g, 4.84 mmol, 1.05 equi~) in 25 mL anhydrous DMF at 0C under nitrogen atmosphere was added bromine (0.24 mL, 4.84 mT, 1.05 wo 93/2114~ ~13 ~ 3 2 S Pcr/us93/03909 equiv, plus enough extra to cause a persistent reddish tint to the solution, 1 drop) through an additional funnel. To this reaction mixture was added 2-(te~-butyl)dimethylsilyloxy-4-bromo-5-methoxybenzylalcohol(5) through the addition funnel at a steady rate over 30 min, as a solution in 10 mL DMF. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 0C for 60 min, at which time TLC
analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material, and the formation of a less polar product (R~
0.81, 2:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate). Hexane (100 mL) was then added, and the contents of the flask were trans-ferred to a separatory funnel containing 50 mL of saturated aqueous NH4Cl, rinsing with an additional 50 mL
hexane and 10 mL water. The layers were separated, and the organic phase was washed with 20 mL 10% Na2S203, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pressure. 1~
Purification by trituration at 0C (2 x 30 mL ea. hexane) :
to remove residual triphenylphosphine oxide, followed by flash column chromatography (silica gel, hexane/ethyl ¦ :
acetate, gradient elution) afforded 1.51 g (80%) of the benzylic bromide as a colorless, viscous oil. l~ NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) -~ - 0.28 [s, 6H, Si(CH3)2], 1.05 [s, 9H, SiC~CH3)3], 3.87-(9,-3H, OCH3), 4.48 (s, 2H CH2Br), 6.79 and 7.01 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
.
_ - -. -- - .
WO 93/21 l452 1 3 3 3 2 ~ PCr/US93/039~
, iOMe OMe Ac~O / pyridine ~ Br2 / K~r / H~O
I , .- . . _ I
~,H n/50m-n ~ n/18h OMe OMe ar~ S%K2t::O3 /MeOH 3r~Tf~ SCI/~nidazole . -~
_ ~ H ~ i ~H rt/lh ~f CH2Cl2JDMAP(cat~ i OA~: O 85% OH o 100%
2 3 :
OM~ OMe ..
E~r~ N~BH~ / MeOH Br~q .
~ 0C 120min ~ OH
TE3SO o TBSO
4 5 `
.,_, -, , OMe Ph3~ / Br2 3r,l~
`1 DMP10C ~Br -8i~% 1 .
, _ TBiSO `
~093/2114~ PCT/US93/03909 ;~1333~S
Example 6 - Synthesis of Aliphatic_Subunits 3-EthoxY-5 5-dimethYlc~clohex-2-en-1-one_(7):
To a flame-dried 1 L round-bottomed flask containing 15.0 g (107 mmol~ 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione and 120 mL absolute ethanol in 300 mL anhydrous benzene under nitrogen atmosphere was added 750 mg p-toluenesulphonic acid monohydrate (catalytic). The flask was fitted with a Dean Stark trap for remo~al of water, and a ref~ux condenser, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 9 h.
Upon cooling to room temperature, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and the residue was dissolved in 300 mL ethyl acetate. The organic solution was then washed successively with 10~ aqueous NaOH (2 x 100 mL), water ~1 x 100 mL), and brine (1 x 100 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pressure to give 16.5 g (92~) of the keto-enol ether as a pale yellow oil (Rf 0.24, 2:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate) of greater than 98%
purity by lH NMR.
5.5-DimethylcYclohex-2-en-1-one (8): -To a flame-dried 100 mL round-bottomed flask containing lithium aluminum hydride (0.95 g, 2~.4 mmol, i~
O.5 mol equiv) in 35 mL anhydrous ether under nitrogen atmosphere at 0C- was added 8.20 g (48.7 mmol) 3-ethoxy-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (7) portionwise through a syringe as a solution in 10 mL anhydrous ether. The reaction mixture was aIlowed to warm to room temperature, and after 4h, TLC analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0C before~the~cautious addition of 50 mL water, and the contents of the flask were then poured into a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 150 m~ ice-cold 10~ H2SO4.
The mixture was the~ extracted with ether (2 x 200 mL), and the combined organics were washed successively with water (100 mL), and saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (100 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pressure to give 6.05 g (quan~itative) of ~he dimethylenone (Rf 0.5S, 2:1 hexane/ethyl acetate). l~ NMR
WOg3/2114~ PCT/US93/039~
;.~i33325 30 (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ 1.05 (s, 6H, geminal-CH3~s), 2.23 (dd, 2H, CHCH2), 2.28 (s, 2H, COCH2), 6.03 (ddd, lH, 2-H), 6.87 ppm (ddd, lX, 3-H).
3-Ethoxy-6~5~5-trlmethyLc clohex-2-en-1-one (9):
To a flame-dried 300 mL round-bottomed flask containing diisopropylamine (1.83 mL, 13.06 mmol, 1.1 equiv) in 50 mL anhydrous THF at -78C under nitrogen atmosphere was added n-butyllithium (5.70 mL of a 2.2 M
solution in hexane, 12.50 mmol, 1.05 equiv). After 20 min at -78C, 3-ethyoxy-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (7) was added as a solution in 3 mL THF, and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at that temperature for 15 min before gradual warming to 0C, and subsequent addition of -iodomethane (3.5 mL, 59.5 mmol, 5 equiv). The reaction 15 mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature, and i after 3h, was quenched which saturated aqueous NH4Cl. The contents of the flask were then extracted with 100 mL
ethyl acetate, and the organic phase was washed successively with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pressure.
Purification by flash column chromatography (silica gel, hexane/ethyl acetate, gradient elution) afforded 1.94 g (90%) of the methylated keto-enol ether (Rf 0.40, 2 hexanes/ethyl acetate) as a colorless oil.
4.~-5-Trime~hYlcyclohex-2-en-1-one (10): 1 -- ~~ -This compound was prepared from 3-ethoxy-6,5,5- -~ trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (9) (1.60 g, 8.80 mmol) in the manner previously described for enone 8, yielding 1.03 - g (85~) of the methylated enone as a colorless oil. lH NMR
- 30 (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ 0.90 and 1.07 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-. -CH3' s), 1 . 10 (d, 3H, CHCH3), 5 . 96 (dd, lH, 2-H), 6.16 ppm ~dd, lH, 3-H).
WO 93/21 145 ~ 1 3 3 3 2 S PCr/US93/03909 O O EtOHJpTsOH(cat) O OE~ 1- LAHJ Et2O
PhH / refhx J 9 h q~ 0 C ~ rt q~
J ~ J - -L J
92% ~ 2. lO'YoH2SO~ X
dimed~ 7 8 1. LDA ~ TE~
~ , 90% -03~ o~
~ 10%~SO, ':
8~% 10 - . .
.. _ WO93/2114~ PCT/US93/~39~
Synthesis of CYclocvmo~Ql Analoqs Example 7 '
These tests were conducted according to the following ;~
illustrative example.
Exam~le 3 A plasmid which expresses progesterone receptor was ;
transfected into CV-1 cells by the method of calcium phosphate precipitation. After six hours, the cells were washed and incubated at 37C with 95~ 2/5~ C2 for 40 hours prior to harvest.
After incubation, cells were harvested and washed in phosphate buffered saline. Whole cell receptor extract was prepared by homogenizing the harvested cells in Tris-HCl buffer, pH=7.4, containing 30% glycerol, 1 mM EDTA, 12 mM monothioglycerol, 1 mM PMSF, and 0.5 M potassium chloride. The homogenate was incubated at 4C for 60 min with resuspension every 10 min. The suspension was centrifuged (105,000 X g, 60 min) and the supernatant was , 1;
collected and flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored ! -`
frozen at -70C.
Aliquots of the whole cell extract containing .-- - transfected progesterone receptor was incubated at 4C for 24 hours with a constant conc~ntration (5 nM) of tritiated progesterone and increasing concentrations (0 - 2.5 x 10- 1 - _ sM) of either unlabeled cold progesterone or test compound.
25- The concentration of bound tritiated progesterone was i determined in each sample by the dextran-coated charcoal I
adsorption technique, as follows.
_ ~ ~~ To a 500 1 final volume incubation mixture, 400 1 of -- 7.S% (w/v) dextran-coated charcoal suspension in gelatin phosphate buffer was added. The mixture was vortexed and - ~ -- incubated at 4C for 10 min and then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The amount of bound tritiated hormone was `
determined by liquid scintillation spec~rophotometry of an aliquot of the supernatant.
WO93/21145 ~1 3 3 3 2 5 PCT/US93/03909 21 ;`
As shown in Figure 7a, the purified 3R diastereomer of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound S0-53) and its corresponding acetate (compound S0-52) displaced 3H-progesterone from its ligand binding site in a concentration-dependent manner. Similar binding isotherms were obtained with the purified 3S diastereomeric acetate of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound SO-51), as shown in Figure 7b. These compounds were between 2 and 3 orders of magnitude less potent than the endogenous hormone, progesterone. Similar binding studies were also carried out using the radiolabeled progesterone-agonist 3H-R5020, compound SO-9 (which is identical to compound SO-53), and the progesterone antagonist, RU486. As shown in Figure 7c, RU486 was a competitive antagonist of R5020, whereas compound SO-9 did not compete for this binding site.
.
~Progesterone receptor antagonists, such as RU486, can - ~increase the specific binding of progesterone to its ligand binding site. This enigma was also observed upon performing binding studies with 3H-progesterone in the presence of compound SO-9. As shown in Figure 8, this compound signi-ficantly increased the apparent Bmax of 3H-progesterone. ~
Specificity of binding of progesterone agonists and 25 ~antagonists has been studied by comparing the ability of various ligands t~- displace 3H-glucocorticoid from the human glucocorticoid receptor. The data in Figure 9a lustrate that each of the ligands studied has affinity for the glucocort-icoid receptor. The affinity of RU486 for the glucocorticoid receptor exceeds that of dexamethasone, -and is 300-fold greater than that of compound SO-09-~.--=In fact, the affinity of RU486 for the glucocorticoid receptor is comparable to its affinity for the progesterone receptor.
.
35The functional activities of the cyclocymopol analogues in the human breast cell line, T47D, were also WO93/21145 PCT/US93/039~
'~ 133325 investigated. T47D cells have proven to be a particularly useful model to investigate the molecular actions of sex steroids because they contain endogenous functional receptors for, and respond to, progestins, and their respecti~e antagonists. Moreo;~er, these cells contain exceptionally high titexs of progesterone receptors and are exquisitely sensitive to the actions of progestins in a manner quite similar to their actions in normal and neoplastic mammary epithelial cells. In T47D cells, progestins induce de novo synthesis of a plasma-associated alkaline phosphatase, which has been reported to be similar, if not identical, to the alkaline phosphatase present in the normal breast and human milk. These te~sts were conducted according to the following illustrative example.
I ~, Exam~le 4 T47D cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium ortified with 10~ fetal bovine serum, 2 mM glutamine, 0.2 ug/ml bovine insulin and, 0.05 mg/ml gentamicin. Cells were plated in 100-mm plates in medium; 4~ hours later - they were changed to medium containing 2~ charcoal treated ~ -- serum with or without test compounds in a final ethanol concentration of 0.1%. For routine induction of alkaline .._phosphatase, cells were treated for three days with two ~-25 -media changes and harvested as described below.
- Cells were collected with a rubber policeman into p~osphate-buffered saline, pelleted, and lysed with TPSG
~ ~ - .buffer (0.2% Triton X-100 containing 10 mM sodium - phosphate pH-7.4, 0.1 M sucrose, and 10% glycerol) at 0 C for 30 min with vigorous vortex mixing every 5 min.
- ~- Nuclei were sedimented at 2500 rpm, and the supernatant was saved as cyto901. The protein content of the cytosol ~ was assayed by the method of Bradford. Alkaline phosphatase activity was determined by incubating one 3s volume of cell extract with three volumes of 1 mg/ml p-nitrophenol phosphate pr~epared in DEAM (l M
WO93/2114~ 3 ~ 3 2 ~ PCT/US93io3909 diethanolamine, pH=s~ containing 2 mM magnesium chloride) at room temperature for 20 min. At the end of the incubation time, the reaction was stopped with an equal volume of lN NaOH. Ten standards of p-nitrophenol were ~ 5 prepared in DEAM buffer and absorbance was read at 405 nm.
Alkaline phosphatase acti~ity is expressed as pmol p-nitrophenol formed/min/mg protein.
As shown in Figure l0a, (3S)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound S0-54), and its corresponding acetate (compound SO-5l), are functional agonists in this system, whereas (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound SO-53), and its corresponding acetate (compound S0-52), appear to be very weak agonists. The 3S form compounds exhibit increased efficacy at higher concentrations, an effect which has been found to be reproducible.
To detexmine if (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether could function as a progesterone receptor antagonist, the effects of increasing concentrations of this compound on R5020-induced alkaline phosphatase activity were quantified in T47D cells. As shown in Figures l0b and l0c, (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound S0-53) is an effective antagonist of the progesterone mimic.
Similarly, when alkaline phosphatase activity was stimulated by l_~--nM~ ~rogesterone, (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound S0-53) attenuated this induction in a concentration-dependent manner.
In comparison, the progesterone agonist, (3S)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound S0-54), and its acetate (SO-51), increased the activity of intracellular alkaline phospha~ase~~in a concentration-dependent manner, and this was blocked by the progesterone antagonist, RU486, as shown in Figure ll. In this system, (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether (compound S0-53) functioned as a progesterone receptor antagonist and attenuated the WO93/~114~ PCT/US93/039~
~3332S 24 _. .
effects of progesterone in a concentration- dependant manner.
Synthetic and semisynthetic cyclocymopol analogs have been prepared which also have activity for the intracellular receptor for progesterone. Representative analogs of the present invention-are prepared according to the following illustrative synthetic schemes and illustrative examples.
Exam~le 5 - Svnthesis of Aromatic Subunit 2-AcetoxY-5-methoxYbenzaldehYde ~
To a flame-dried 50 mL round-bottomed flask containing 10.00 g (6S.7 mmol) 2-hydroxy-5-methoxy benzaldehyde in 10 mL dry pyridine at 0C under nitrogen atmosphere was added 7 mL acetic anhydride. The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature and continually stirred until TLC analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material (50 min). Ethyl acetate tl50 mL) was added, and the mixture was then transferred to a separatory funnel and successively washed with lN HCl (3 x 50 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (1 x 50 mL), and ~~brine (1 x 50 mL), dried over Na2S0~, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 12.41 g (97~) of the - w etylated phenol as a white solid. The product thus -obtained was homogenous by TLC (Rf 0.41, 2:1 hexane/ethyl acetate), and was carried on to the next step without ~further pur;ification.
~ 2-Acetoxv-4-bromo-5-methoxYbenzaldehyde (2~:
--To a 500 ~L round-bottomed flask containing a solution of 20.0 g (168.1 mmol, 3.26 equiv) potassium bromide and 3.21 mL (lO.0 g, 62.6 mmol, 1.21 equiv) bromine in 200 mL water at room tèmperature was added - 10.00 g (51.5 mmol, 1.O equiv) 2-acetoxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (1) as a finely divided white powder, portionwise over a period of 35 min. After 18 h stirring 3S at room temperature, the reaction mixture was filtered W093/21~4s ~ 3 3 3 2 ~ PCT/US93/03909 under vacuum using a Buchner funnel to give 10.59 g (89~) of the aryl bromide as a pale yellow solid (Rf 0.45, 2:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate). The product thus obtained was of greater than 98~ purity by lH NMR, and homogenous by TLC, and was carried on to the next step without further purification. A portion of the crude product was recrystallized from 5:1 ether/hexanes to give white needles.
2-HYdroxy~-bromo-5-methoxYbenzaldehy~e (33:
To a 200 mL round-bottomed flask containing 6.90 g (25.3 mmol) 2 acetoxy-4-bromo-5-methoxybenzaldehyde ~2) in 100 mL of 1~ aqueous methanol at room temperature was added 5 g K2C03, and the mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 h, at which time TLC analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material and the presence of a slightly more polar compound as the only detectable product. The reaction mixture was then neutralized to pH 5 with the addition of 1 N HCl, and the solvent was subsequently removed under diminished pressure. The residue was then dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL), washed successively with 1 N HCl (1 x 50 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (1 x 50 mL), and brine (1 x 50 mL), dried o~e~ Na2S04, and concentrated under diminished pressure to give 4.97 g (85%) of the bromophenol as a brownish-red oily solid. A portion of this crude material was recrystaIlized:from 2:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate to give white needles. The r~mainder of the material was carried on to the next step without further purification.
2-(ten-Butvl)dimethylsilvloxy-4-bromo-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (4): - -To a flame-dried 100 mL round-bottomed flask containing 2.7~--g (11.95 mmol) 2-hydroxy-4-bromo-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (3) in 50 mL anhydrous dichloromethane under nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature was added 2.03 g (29.88 mmol, 2.50 equiv) imidazole, 2.25 g (14.94 mmol, 1.25 equiv) (tert-Butyl)- dimethylchlorosilane, and DMAP (100 mg, catalytic). The mixture was allowed to stir '~ 133 32 S 26 at room temperature for 75 min, at which time T~C analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material, and the formation of a less polar product ~Rf 0.75, 2~
hexanes/ethyl acetate). The reaction mixture was then poured into a separatory funnel : containing 50 mL
dichloromethane and 50 mL saturated a~ueous NX4Cl, the layers were separated, and the organic phase was washed with 50 mL brine, dried over Na2SOç, and concentrated under diminished pressure to give 4.13 g (quantitative) of the silylated bromophenol as an off-white solid, a portion of which was recrystallized from 3:1 hexanes/ether to give an amorphous white solid.
2-(tert-Butvl ~dimethylsilyloxv=4-bromo-5-methoxybenzYl alcohol (5):
15To a flame-dried 200 mL round-bottomed flask containing 4.10 g (13.14 mmol) 2-(tert-butyl)dime~
thylsilyloxy-4-bromo-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (4) in 100 mL
anhydrous methanol at 0C was added 0.50 g ~13.15 mmol, 1.0 mol equiv) NaBH4 over a period of 3 min. After 20 min at OoC, TLC analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material, and the formation of a more polar --- product (Rf 0.42, 2:1 hexanes/ethyl acetatel. Wa~er (75 mL) was added, and the methanol was removed by rotary _ evapora-tion. The resultant aqueous residue was extracted - 25 with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL), and the combined organic ~ layers were dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pre sure. Purif-ication by flash column ~ chromatography (silica gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate, 5:1) - afforded 4.10 g (98%) of the benzylic alcohol as a white solid.
. .
_2-(tert-ButYl)dimethYlsilyloxy-4-bromo-5-methoxYbenzvl bromide (6):
To a flame-dried 100 mL round-bottomed flask containing triphenylphosphine (1.27 g, 4.84 mmol, 1.05 equi~) in 25 mL anhydrous DMF at 0C under nitrogen atmosphere was added bromine (0.24 mL, 4.84 mT, 1.05 wo 93/2114~ ~13 ~ 3 2 S Pcr/us93/03909 equiv, plus enough extra to cause a persistent reddish tint to the solution, 1 drop) through an additional funnel. To this reaction mixture was added 2-(te~-butyl)dimethylsilyloxy-4-bromo-5-methoxybenzylalcohol(5) through the addition funnel at a steady rate over 30 min, as a solution in 10 mL DMF. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at 0C for 60 min, at which time TLC
analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material, and the formation of a less polar product (R~
0.81, 2:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate). Hexane (100 mL) was then added, and the contents of the flask were trans-ferred to a separatory funnel containing 50 mL of saturated aqueous NH4Cl, rinsing with an additional 50 mL
hexane and 10 mL water. The layers were separated, and the organic phase was washed with 20 mL 10% Na2S203, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pressure. 1~
Purification by trituration at 0C (2 x 30 mL ea. hexane) :
to remove residual triphenylphosphine oxide, followed by flash column chromatography (silica gel, hexane/ethyl ¦ :
acetate, gradient elution) afforded 1.51 g (80%) of the benzylic bromide as a colorless, viscous oil. l~ NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) -~ - 0.28 [s, 6H, Si(CH3)2], 1.05 [s, 9H, SiC~CH3)3], 3.87-(9,-3H, OCH3), 4.48 (s, 2H CH2Br), 6.79 and 7.01 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
.
_ - -. -- - .
WO 93/21 l452 1 3 3 3 2 ~ PCr/US93/039~
, iOMe OMe Ac~O / pyridine ~ Br2 / K~r / H~O
I , .- . . _ I
~,H n/50m-n ~ n/18h OMe OMe ar~ S%K2t::O3 /MeOH 3r~Tf~ SCI/~nidazole . -~
_ ~ H ~ i ~H rt/lh ~f CH2Cl2JDMAP(cat~ i OA~: O 85% OH o 100%
2 3 :
OM~ OMe ..
E~r~ N~BH~ / MeOH Br~q .
~ 0C 120min ~ OH
TE3SO o TBSO
4 5 `
.,_, -, , OMe Ph3~ / Br2 3r,l~
`1 DMP10C ~Br -8i~% 1 .
, _ TBiSO `
~093/2114~ PCT/US93/03909 ;~1333~S
Example 6 - Synthesis of Aliphatic_Subunits 3-EthoxY-5 5-dimethYlc~clohex-2-en-1-one_(7):
To a flame-dried 1 L round-bottomed flask containing 15.0 g (107 mmol~ 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione and 120 mL absolute ethanol in 300 mL anhydrous benzene under nitrogen atmosphere was added 750 mg p-toluenesulphonic acid monohydrate (catalytic). The flask was fitted with a Dean Stark trap for remo~al of water, and a ref~ux condenser, and the mixture was heated to reflux for 9 h.
Upon cooling to room temperature, the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation, and the residue was dissolved in 300 mL ethyl acetate. The organic solution was then washed successively with 10~ aqueous NaOH (2 x 100 mL), water ~1 x 100 mL), and brine (1 x 100 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pressure to give 16.5 g (92~) of the keto-enol ether as a pale yellow oil (Rf 0.24, 2:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate) of greater than 98%
purity by lH NMR.
5.5-DimethylcYclohex-2-en-1-one (8): -To a flame-dried 100 mL round-bottomed flask containing lithium aluminum hydride (0.95 g, 2~.4 mmol, i~
O.5 mol equiv) in 35 mL anhydrous ether under nitrogen atmosphere at 0C- was added 8.20 g (48.7 mmol) 3-ethoxy-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (7) portionwise through a syringe as a solution in 10 mL anhydrous ether. The reaction mixture was aIlowed to warm to room temperature, and after 4h, TLC analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material. The reaction mixture was then cooled to 0C before~the~cautious addition of 50 mL water, and the contents of the flask were then poured into a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing 150 m~ ice-cold 10~ H2SO4.
The mixture was the~ extracted with ether (2 x 200 mL), and the combined organics were washed successively with water (100 mL), and saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (100 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pressure to give 6.05 g (quan~itative) of ~he dimethylenone (Rf 0.5S, 2:1 hexane/ethyl acetate). l~ NMR
WOg3/2114~ PCT/US93/039~
;.~i33325 30 (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ 1.05 (s, 6H, geminal-CH3~s), 2.23 (dd, 2H, CHCH2), 2.28 (s, 2H, COCH2), 6.03 (ddd, lH, 2-H), 6.87 ppm (ddd, lX, 3-H).
3-Ethoxy-6~5~5-trlmethyLc clohex-2-en-1-one (9):
To a flame-dried 300 mL round-bottomed flask containing diisopropylamine (1.83 mL, 13.06 mmol, 1.1 equiv) in 50 mL anhydrous THF at -78C under nitrogen atmosphere was added n-butyllithium (5.70 mL of a 2.2 M
solution in hexane, 12.50 mmol, 1.05 equiv). After 20 min at -78C, 3-ethyoxy-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (7) was added as a solution in 3 mL THF, and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at that temperature for 15 min before gradual warming to 0C, and subsequent addition of -iodomethane (3.5 mL, 59.5 mmol, 5 equiv). The reaction 15 mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature, and i after 3h, was quenched which saturated aqueous NH4Cl. The contents of the flask were then extracted with 100 mL
ethyl acetate, and the organic phase was washed successively with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pressure.
Purification by flash column chromatography (silica gel, hexane/ethyl acetate, gradient elution) afforded 1.94 g (90%) of the methylated keto-enol ether (Rf 0.40, 2 hexanes/ethyl acetate) as a colorless oil.
4.~-5-Trime~hYlcyclohex-2-en-1-one (10): 1 -- ~~ -This compound was prepared from 3-ethoxy-6,5,5- -~ trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (9) (1.60 g, 8.80 mmol) in the manner previously described for enone 8, yielding 1.03 - g (85~) of the methylated enone as a colorless oil. lH NMR
- 30 (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ 0.90 and 1.07 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-. -CH3' s), 1 . 10 (d, 3H, CHCH3), 5 . 96 (dd, lH, 2-H), 6.16 ppm ~dd, lH, 3-H).
WO 93/21 145 ~ 1 3 3 3 2 S PCr/US93/03909 O O EtOHJpTsOH(cat) O OE~ 1- LAHJ Et2O
PhH / refhx J 9 h q~ 0 C ~ rt q~
J ~ J - -L J
92% ~ 2. lO'YoH2SO~ X
dimed~ 7 8 1. LDA ~ TE~
~ , 90% -03~ o~
~ 10%~SO, ':
8~% 10 - . .
.. _ WO93/2114~ PCT/US93/~39~
Synthesis of CYclocvmo~Ql Analoqs Example 7 '
6 - ~2 ' - (te~-ButYl ) dimethylsilvloxY-4~-bromo- 5~methoxy-phenYll methyl-5 5-dimethvlcyclohex-2-en l-one (11):
To a flame-dried 50 mL round-bottomed flask containing diisopropylamine (0.188 mL, 1.34 mmol, 1.1 equiv) in 10 mL anhydrous THF at -78C under nitrogen ~`atmosphere was added n-butyllithium (0.58 mL of a 2.2 M
solution in hexane, 1.28 mmol, 1.05 equiv). After 20 min lo at -78C, 5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-one (8) (0.151 g, 1.22 mmol) was added as a solution in 1 mL of THF, and the reaction mixture was allowed to s~ir at that temperature for 15 min, at which time the cooling bath was removed.
When the temperature of the reaction mixture (monitored using a thermocouple probe) reached -5C, 2-(te~-butyl)dimethylsilyloxy-4-bromo-5-methoxybenzylbromide (6) (1.00 g, 2.44 mmol, 2.0 equiv) was added all at once as a solution in 2 mL THF. The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature, and after 3 h, TLC
analysis indicated complete consumption of the enone starting material, and the formation of a product of intermediate polarity with respect to the two starting components (Rf 0.59, 2:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate), and the reaction was quenched by the addition of 5 mL saturated aq~eous KHiC1. The contents of the flask were transferred to a separatory funnel, and extracted with 60 mL ethyl acetate, and the resultant organic phase was washed with 30i mL brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under d-iminished pressure. Purification by flash column .
chromatography (silica gel, hexane/ethyl acetate, gradient --el~-ion) afforded 0.459 g (83%) of the benzylated enone as -a- c~olorless, viscous oil, which solidified on standing.
2-r2'-(tert-Butyl~dimethYlsilYloxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxy-- ~hen~llmethY1-3.3-dimethYlcvclonexanone (12):
To a flame-dried 100 mL round-bottomed flask containing 6-~2'-(tert-butyl)dimethylsilyloxy-4~-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl]methyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (11) .
WO93/21l4~ 2 1 3 3 ~ 2 5 PCT/US93/03909 (0.154 g, 0.454 mmol) in 22 mL ethyl acetate (which had been pre-dried over K2CO3) at room temperature was added 20 mg 5~ palladium on carbon, and after flushing/evacuating the vessel 3 times with nitrogen, a hydrogen atmosphere was introduced and maintained by use of a balloon. After 24 h, the flask was again flushed several times with nitrogen, and the contents of the flask were filtered, rinsing with an additional 100 mL ethyl acetate. Rotary evaporation of the solvent afforded 0.15~ g ~quantitative) of the saturated benzylic ketone as a colorless, viscous oil (Rf 0.67, 2:1 hexane/ethyl acetate).
1-Methvlidene-2-(2'-hvdroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxy-~henyl)methyl-3,3-dimethvlcyclohexane (racemic 1-desbromocvclocymo~ol monomethyl ether) (13):
To a flame-dried 5Q mL round-bottomed flask containing 2-[2'-(ten-butyl)dimethylsilyloxy-4~-bromo-5~-methoxyphenyl]methyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexanone (12) (0.130 g, O.28 mmol) in 5 mL anhydrous THF at -78C under nitrogen atmosphere was added (trimethyl)silyme~hyllithium (0.420 mL of a 1.0 M solution in pentane, 0.42 mmol, 1.50 equiv). An immediate change from colorless to a yellow reaction solution was observed, and TLC analysis at that time indicated complete consumption of starting material, and the formation of a less polar product (Rf 0.79, 2 hexanes/ethyl acetate), and the reaction was subsequently quenched with 4 mL saturated^aqueous NH4Cl. Ethyl acetate .
(30 mL) extraction of the reaction- mixture, drying over Na2SO4, and concentration under diminished press~re gave 0.152 g (quantitative) of a crude product, which appeared to be a single diastereomer of the ketone addition product by lH NMR analysis. A portion of this crude intermediate (O.015 g, 0.028 mmol) was p~a-ced-in a 10 mL nalgene vial containing 2 mL THF, 0.2 mL of a pre-made HF/pyridine complex was added, and the mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 32 h, at which time TLC analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material, and formation of a more polar product, having passed through WO93/21145 PCT/US93/03~
~ ~333~ :
a most polar intermediate (confirmed as the desilylated phenol by lH NMR). The contents of the reaction vessel were transferred to a separatory funnel containing 20 mL
ethyl acetate and 10 mL 1.0 M NaHSO4. The layers were separated, and the resultant organic phase was washed with 10 mL brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pressure. Purificat'ion by flash column chromatography (silica gel, hexanè'/ethyl acetate, gradient elution) afforded 8.7 mg 192%) of the phenolic olefin as a colorless oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ O.98 and 1.00 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 2.64 and 2.80 5d of ABq, 2H, benzylic-CH2), 3.80 (s, 3H, OCH3) 4.36 and 4.63 (2s, 2 x lH, olefinic-CH2), 6.58 and 6.95 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
(This compound is also referred to as Compound '~C"
below.) -- .
WO 93/2114~ 3 3 2 5 P~/US93/03909 o~1. LDA /1!~ 76 1 O C 8~ O~q 2. 2 e4u~v ~SO
6 83%
0~ . ~
H, / 5% Pd I C / E~OAC ~ q~
n 7~
O~.b ~S~ OAh ~ HFP~n~e ~
/ qu~tiv~ ~ ~>< 32h/92%
;:
1 ' ' ` ~ ' ' ' ''_ . ` '' _. ~.
- ~
. . , ..
SUÇ3STITUTE SHEE~
~ ~ 3 3 2 ~ PCT/US93/039~
Example_8 1-Met hvl i dene-6- (2~ -a_cet oxy-4'-bro mo- 5~_ methoxY~hen~l)methyl-5 5-dimethy~lcyclohex-2-ene (14):
This compound was prepared from 6-[2~-(tert-butyl)dimethylsilyloxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl]methyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (11~ (0.075 g, 0.166 mmol) in the manner previously described for olefin (13), with the following procedural changes necessitated by the incompatibility of structural fea~ures particular to this substrate and the typical synthetic methodology. Upon formation of the initial ~trimethyl)silylmethyllithium addition adduct to enone 11, the phenolic protecting group was exchanged prior to effecting elimination, using the following protocol adhered to for all cyclocymopol analogs possessing a 1,3-diene moiety as an extension of the methylidene olefin. The crude addition product (0.090 g, - 0.166 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL anhydrous THF containing 0.20 mL acetic anhydride (large excess), and cooled to o~C
under nitrogen atmosphere. Tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (0.20 mL of a 1.0 M solution in THF, 0.20 mmol, 1.20 equiv) was added, and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. The contents of the flask were then poured into a separatory funnel containing 30 mh ethyl acetate and 10 mL 1.0 M NaHSO4, the layers were separated, a~d the orga-nic phase was washed with 10 mL brine, dried over Na2SO4-,-and concentrated under diminished pressure.
The crude material thus obtained was immediately carried on to the next step by transferring to a 10 mL nalgene via-l~containing 2-3 mL THF, and 0.3 mL premade HF/pyridine complex was added. After stirring overnight at room tempe~ature, the reaction mixture was worked up in the usua~ manner, and purification by flash column chromatography (silica gel, hexane/ethyl acetate, gradient ~elution) afforded 38.3 mg (64%) of the desired acetoxy-diene as a colorless, oily solid. lX NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ 0.73 and 1.11 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 2.27 (s, 3H, acetate-CH3), 3.83 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.13 and 4.68 (2s, 2 x ~13332~
WO 93/~1 145 PCI /US93/03909 ~-lH, C-CH2), 5 . 70 and 6 . 04 (2dd, 2 x lH, 2-H, 3-H), 6 . 52 and -~
To a flame-dried 50 mL round-bottomed flask containing diisopropylamine (0.188 mL, 1.34 mmol, 1.1 equiv) in 10 mL anhydrous THF at -78C under nitrogen ~`atmosphere was added n-butyllithium (0.58 mL of a 2.2 M
solution in hexane, 1.28 mmol, 1.05 equiv). After 20 min lo at -78C, 5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-one (8) (0.151 g, 1.22 mmol) was added as a solution in 1 mL of THF, and the reaction mixture was allowed to s~ir at that temperature for 15 min, at which time the cooling bath was removed.
When the temperature of the reaction mixture (monitored using a thermocouple probe) reached -5C, 2-(te~-butyl)dimethylsilyloxy-4-bromo-5-methoxybenzylbromide (6) (1.00 g, 2.44 mmol, 2.0 equiv) was added all at once as a solution in 2 mL THF. The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature, and after 3 h, TLC
analysis indicated complete consumption of the enone starting material, and the formation of a product of intermediate polarity with respect to the two starting components (Rf 0.59, 2:1 hexanes/ethyl acetate), and the reaction was quenched by the addition of 5 mL saturated aq~eous KHiC1. The contents of the flask were transferred to a separatory funnel, and extracted with 60 mL ethyl acetate, and the resultant organic phase was washed with 30i mL brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under d-iminished pressure. Purification by flash column .
chromatography (silica gel, hexane/ethyl acetate, gradient --el~-ion) afforded 0.459 g (83%) of the benzylated enone as -a- c~olorless, viscous oil, which solidified on standing.
2-r2'-(tert-Butyl~dimethYlsilYloxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxy-- ~hen~llmethY1-3.3-dimethYlcvclonexanone (12):
To a flame-dried 100 mL round-bottomed flask containing 6-~2'-(tert-butyl)dimethylsilyloxy-4~-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl]methyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (11) .
WO93/21l4~ 2 1 3 3 ~ 2 5 PCT/US93/03909 (0.154 g, 0.454 mmol) in 22 mL ethyl acetate (which had been pre-dried over K2CO3) at room temperature was added 20 mg 5~ palladium on carbon, and after flushing/evacuating the vessel 3 times with nitrogen, a hydrogen atmosphere was introduced and maintained by use of a balloon. After 24 h, the flask was again flushed several times with nitrogen, and the contents of the flask were filtered, rinsing with an additional 100 mL ethyl acetate. Rotary evaporation of the solvent afforded 0.15~ g ~quantitative) of the saturated benzylic ketone as a colorless, viscous oil (Rf 0.67, 2:1 hexane/ethyl acetate).
1-Methvlidene-2-(2'-hvdroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxy-~henyl)methyl-3,3-dimethvlcyclohexane (racemic 1-desbromocvclocymo~ol monomethyl ether) (13):
To a flame-dried 5Q mL round-bottomed flask containing 2-[2'-(ten-butyl)dimethylsilyloxy-4~-bromo-5~-methoxyphenyl]methyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexanone (12) (0.130 g, O.28 mmol) in 5 mL anhydrous THF at -78C under nitrogen atmosphere was added (trimethyl)silyme~hyllithium (0.420 mL of a 1.0 M solution in pentane, 0.42 mmol, 1.50 equiv). An immediate change from colorless to a yellow reaction solution was observed, and TLC analysis at that time indicated complete consumption of starting material, and the formation of a less polar product (Rf 0.79, 2 hexanes/ethyl acetate), and the reaction was subsequently quenched with 4 mL saturated^aqueous NH4Cl. Ethyl acetate .
(30 mL) extraction of the reaction- mixture, drying over Na2SO4, and concentration under diminished press~re gave 0.152 g (quantitative) of a crude product, which appeared to be a single diastereomer of the ketone addition product by lH NMR analysis. A portion of this crude intermediate (O.015 g, 0.028 mmol) was p~a-ced-in a 10 mL nalgene vial containing 2 mL THF, 0.2 mL of a pre-made HF/pyridine complex was added, and the mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 32 h, at which time TLC analysis indicated complete consumption of starting material, and formation of a more polar product, having passed through WO93/21145 PCT/US93/03~
~ ~333~ :
a most polar intermediate (confirmed as the desilylated phenol by lH NMR). The contents of the reaction vessel were transferred to a separatory funnel containing 20 mL
ethyl acetate and 10 mL 1.0 M NaHSO4. The layers were separated, and the resultant organic phase was washed with 10 mL brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pressure. Purificat'ion by flash column chromatography (silica gel, hexanè'/ethyl acetate, gradient elution) afforded 8.7 mg 192%) of the phenolic olefin as a colorless oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ O.98 and 1.00 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 2.64 and 2.80 5d of ABq, 2H, benzylic-CH2), 3.80 (s, 3H, OCH3) 4.36 and 4.63 (2s, 2 x lH, olefinic-CH2), 6.58 and 6.95 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
(This compound is also referred to as Compound '~C"
below.) -- .
WO 93/2114~ 3 3 2 5 P~/US93/03909 o~1. LDA /1!~ 76 1 O C 8~ O~q 2. 2 e4u~v ~SO
6 83%
0~ . ~
H, / 5% Pd I C / E~OAC ~ q~
n 7~
O~.b ~S~ OAh ~ HFP~n~e ~
/ qu~tiv~ ~ ~>< 32h/92%
;:
1 ' ' ` ~ ' ' ' ''_ . ` '' _. ~.
- ~
. . , ..
SUÇ3STITUTE SHEE~
~ ~ 3 3 2 ~ PCT/US93/039~
Example_8 1-Met hvl i dene-6- (2~ -a_cet oxy-4'-bro mo- 5~_ methoxY~hen~l)methyl-5 5-dimethy~lcyclohex-2-ene (14):
This compound was prepared from 6-[2~-(tert-butyl)dimethylsilyloxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl]methyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (11~ (0.075 g, 0.166 mmol) in the manner previously described for olefin (13), with the following procedural changes necessitated by the incompatibility of structural fea~ures particular to this substrate and the typical synthetic methodology. Upon formation of the initial ~trimethyl)silylmethyllithium addition adduct to enone 11, the phenolic protecting group was exchanged prior to effecting elimination, using the following protocol adhered to for all cyclocymopol analogs possessing a 1,3-diene moiety as an extension of the methylidene olefin. The crude addition product (0.090 g, - 0.166 mmol) was dissolved in 5 mL anhydrous THF containing 0.20 mL acetic anhydride (large excess), and cooled to o~C
under nitrogen atmosphere. Tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (0.20 mL of a 1.0 M solution in THF, 0.20 mmol, 1.20 equiv) was added, and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. The contents of the flask were then poured into a separatory funnel containing 30 mh ethyl acetate and 10 mL 1.0 M NaHSO4, the layers were separated, a~d the orga-nic phase was washed with 10 mL brine, dried over Na2SO4-,-and concentrated under diminished pressure.
The crude material thus obtained was immediately carried on to the next step by transferring to a 10 mL nalgene via-l~containing 2-3 mL THF, and 0.3 mL premade HF/pyridine complex was added. After stirring overnight at room tempe~ature, the reaction mixture was worked up in the usua~ manner, and purification by flash column chromatography (silica gel, hexane/ethyl acetate, gradient ~elution) afforded 38.3 mg (64%) of the desired acetoxy-diene as a colorless, oily solid. lX NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ 0.73 and 1.11 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 2.27 (s, 3H, acetate-CH3), 3.83 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.13 and 4.68 (2s, 2 x ~13332~
WO 93/~1 145 PCI /US93/03909 ~-lH, C-CH2), 5 . 70 and 6 . 04 (2dd, 2 x lH, 2-H, 3-H), 6 . 52 and -~
7 . l9 ppm (2s , 2 x lH, Ar-H) .
(This compound is also designated Compound ~L~
below.) Exam~le 9 l-MethYlidene-6-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxvphenvl) methyl-5 5-dimethvlcvclohex-2-ene (15):
In a lO m~ test tube was combined l-methylidene-6-(2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-5, 5 -dimethylcyclohex-2-ene (14~ (10.0 mg, 0.026 mmol) and 2.0 mL of 5% methanolic K2CO3. After 10 min at room temperature, the methanol was removed by ro;tary evaporation, and the resultant residue was dissolved in 20 mL ethyl acetate. The organic solution was then washed with saturated aqueous NH4Cl, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pressure. Purification by flash column chromatography (silica gel deactivated with ~;
triethylamine, hexane/ethyl acetate, gradient elution) ¦ `
afforded 7.1 mg (81~) of the phenolic diene as a colorless, oily solid. ~H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ O.73 and 1.16 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 3.82 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.23 and 4.72 (2s, 2 x lH, C=CH2), 5.-78 and 6.08 ~2dd, 2 x lH, `
2-H, 3-H), 6.51 and 6.99 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
(This compound is also designated Compound "K"
below.) ~ ~--E-xam~le 10 j ` `
6- L2l-(tert-Bu~vl)dim~thvlsi-lyloxy-4l-bromo-sl-meth phenvllmethYl-~ 5 5-trimethvl-cYclohe~-2-en-1-one (16):
This compound was p~epared from isophorone (0.168 g, 1.22 mmol) in the manner- previously described for enone 11, affording 0.342 g (60%) of the alkylation product (Rf 0.40, 2:1 hexane/ethyl acetate) as a colorless, oily solid. I;~
,.
WO93/2114~ PCT/US93~39~
~ ~ 33~ S
.
1-Methylidene-6-(2'=acetoxy~-4'-bromo-5~-methoxY~henyl) methYl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene (17):
This compound was prepared from 6-[2'-(te~-butyl) dimethylsilyloxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl]methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (16) (42.0 mg, 0.090 mmol) in the manner previously described for acetoxy diene 14, affording 18.4 mg (52~) of the acetoxy-diene as a colorless oil. ~H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ o.87 and 1.11 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 1.78 (s, 3H, olefinic-CH3), 2.26 (s, 3H, acetate-CH3), 3.83 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.03 and 4.58 (2s, 2 x lH, C=CH2), 5.82 (s, lH, 2-H), 6.52 and 7.19 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H). -(This compound is also designated Compound "H"
below.) 15 Exam~le 1~ !
l-Methylidene-6-~2/-hydroxy-4r-bromo-s~-methoxy~hen methyl-3 5 5-trimethylcYclohex-2-ene ~18):
This compound was prepared from 1-methylidene-6-(2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene (17) (6.8 mg, 0.017 mmol) in the manner previously described for phenolic diene 15, affording 5.8 mg (96%? f the phenolic diene as a colorless, oily solid. l~ NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ O.74 and 1.15 (~s-,~ ~ x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 1.79 (s, 3H, olefinic-CH3), i.26 ~(s,~ 3H, acetate-CH3), 3.81 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.16 and 4.62 (2s, 2 x lH, C=CH2), 5.87 (s, lH, 2-H), 6.52 and 61.99 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
,. . - .
'13332S
WO 93/21145 - PCr/l lS93/03909 '- OM- :
~ BAP / THF / Ac2O / 0 C
3. HF/pyndine/T~ ~ .
14 ~:
0~ .:
CO3 / MeOH
~ L LDA/I~:/0C
60# ~ 32% rff:~v'd 5m o~ 17 K~CO3/MeOH ~
: j ~o :
- .~
,, .. ., SVE~TITUTE SHEET
WO 93/21145 PCr/US93/039 21333'~5 :
Exam~le 12 trans-6- [2 ' - ttert-ButYl)dimethylsilyloxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxY-phenvll methyl-4 5,$-trlmethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (19):
This compound was prepared from 4,5,5-trimethylcyclo-5 hex-2-en-1-one (10) (169 mg, 1.22 mmol) in the manner previously described for benzylated enone 11, affording 0.337 g (59g~) of the less polar trans diastereomer as a colorless, oily solid, alo~g with 22 mg (4%) of the more polar cis diastereomer as a colorless, oily solid, 10 separable by flash column chromatography. The relative stereochemistry of each respective diastereomer was con-firmed by nOe NMR experiments.
trans-2- r2 ~ - (tert-Butvl)dimeth~lsilYlo~-4~-bromo-5~-meth phen~ll meth~rl-3.3.4-trimethylcyclohexanone (20):
This compound was prepared from trans-6-[2' -(tert-butyl) dimethylsilyloxy-4'-bromo-S'-methoxyphenyl]methyl-4,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-l-one (19) (150 mg, 0.321 mmol) in the manner previously described for benzylated ketone 12, affording 0.149 g (99%) of the trans ketone as a 20 colorless, oily solid.
trans -1-Methylidene- 6 - t2'-acetoxY-4'-bromo-5'-methox~n?henYl) methyl-4,5.5-trimethYlcyclohex-2-ene (21):
- . -.
This~~compound was prepared from trans-6- [2' -(tert-butyl) dimethylsilyloxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl]methyl-4,5,5-25 trimethylcy~lohex-2-en-1-one (19) (70.0 mg, 0.15 mmol) in the manner ~ previously described for acetoxy-diene 14, affording 46.8 mg (79%) of the acetoxy-diene as a colorless oil. ~lH N~ (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ 0.76 and 1.14 (2s,--2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 1.00 (d, 3H, CHCH3), 2.30 (s, 3~I, acetate-CH3), 3.85 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.12 and 4.67 (2s;-2--x-lH, C=CH2), 5.46 (d, lH, 2-H), 6.01 (dd, lH, 3-H), 6.53 and i.21 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
(This compound is also designated Compound ~N~
below.) ~133325 ~0 93/21 l45 PCr/US93103909 :
Exam~le 13 trans-1-MethYlidene-6 - 12 ' -hydroxy-4 ' -bromo-5 ' -methoxyphenYl) methyl - 4 5, 5 - t rlmethyl c~clQhex- 2 - ene ( 2 2 ) :
This compound was prepared from trans-l-methylidene-6-( 2 ' - acetoxy- 4 ' - bromo - 5 ' -methoxyphenyl ) methyl - 4, 5, 5 -trimethylcyclohex-2-ene (21~ ~5 . 5 mg, 0 . 014 mmol) in the manner previously described for phenolic diene 15, affording 4.1 mg (84%) of the phenolic diene as a colorless, oily solid. lX N~ (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ o . 74 and 1.18 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal~CH3's), 1.00 (d, 3H, CHCH3), 3.80 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.22 and 4.70 (2s, 2 x lH, C=CH2), 5.52 (d, lH, 2-H), 6 . 04 (dd, lH, 3 -H), 6 . 50 and 6 . 99 ppm (2s , 2 x lH, Ar-H) .
I
WO 93/21 145 PCr/VS93/039~, ~ 1333'~S
i' 42 q~q 1. LDA / I~IF / 0 C ~dq ~ !
æ 6J~ *~
/ ~ 63%,. 15 / 1 ~ans: c TBSO
19 .,, OMo .
H~/5%PdonC
EtQAc / 999'~ TBSO
.
1. Me~SiCH2Li / T~ / -78 C Br - --- -: 'æ' TBAF J~ / Ac20 TBSO J~ 3. HF / pyridine / T~ 1' ,~
19 :Ohh 21 I~CO3~MeOH
84~ HO
~13332S
' 43 Example_l4 trans -1-Methylidene-2-(2'-hydroxy 4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl) methYl-3 3 4-trlmethylcyclohexane (23):
This compound was prepared from trans-2- [2' - (te~-butyl) dimethylsilyloxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl]methyl-3,3,4-trimethylcyclohexanone ~20) (47.0 mg, 0.089 mmol) in the ~
manner previously described for phenolic olefin 13 to -' afford 22.6 mg (72~) of the trans phenolic olefin as a -colorless, oily solid. lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ O.79 and 10 1 . 08 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3' s), 0 . 85 (d, 3H, CHCH3), 3 . 80 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.36 and 4.58 (2s, 2 x lH, C=CH2), 6.50 and ~' 6.99 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H). ~' Exam~le 15 i~' 6-(4'-Nitrophenyl)methyl-S.S-dimethvlcYclohex-2-en-1-one lS ~24) This compound was prepared from 5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (8) (0.600 g, 4 . 83 mmol) and p-nitro~enzyl bromide (1. 581 g, 7.32 mmol) in the manner described for the synthesis of enone 11, affording 627 mg (50~) of the 20 nitro-enone as a pale yellow oil. ~X NMR (400 MHz, C~Cl3) '' - ~ 1.02 and 1.18 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 2.83 and 3.10 (d of ABq, 2H, benzylic-H's), 6.0-0 (ddd,- lH, 2-H), 6.81 (ddd, lH, 3-H), 7.38 and 8.10 ppm (2d, 2 x 2H, Ar-H).
Example 16 1-Methvlidene-6-~3'-methyl-4'-nitrophenyl)methvl-5 5-dimethylcvclohex-2-ene (25): :~
This compound was prepared from 6-(4'-nitrophenyl) methyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (24) (133 mg, 0.514 mmol) in the manner pre~iously described for the synthesis of olefin 13, with the following~' procedural changes.
Three equivalents of (trimethyl)silylmethyllithium were "
used, and the subsequent elimination step required 48 h to go to completion, affording 120 mg (86%) of the nitro-diene as a colorless oil. ~H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) ~ O . 92 and 1.12 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 2.58 (s, 3H, Ar-CH3~, .
~, . .
WO93/21145 PCT/US93/039~
~ 1 3 3 4.05 and 4.64 (2s, 2 x lH, methylidene-CH2), 5.70 (ddd, lH, 3-H), 6.03 (dd, lX, 2-H), 6.98 (s, lH, Ar-H), 6.99 and 7.88 ppm (2d, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
(This compound is also designated Compound "M"
below.) Exam~le 17 1-MethYlidene-2-~2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl) methylcyclohexane (26):
This ~ompound was prepared in three steps from cyclohexanone and 2-(te~-butyl)dimethylsilyloxy-4-bromo-5-methoxybenzyl bromide ~6) as previously described for the synthesis of olefin 13, to give the desired olefin in three steps in 13.5~ overall yield as a colorless oil.
1~ NM~ (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ 2.54 and 2.92 (d of ABq, 2H, benzylic-H's), 3.84 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.46 (s, lH, OH), 4.62 and 4.71 (2s, 2 x lH, methylidene-CH2), 6.65 and 6.98 ppm (2c, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
1, '133325 ,~'0 93/2114~ 45 P~/US93/03909 ~
~b ~ `.
~Q~ 1. Me3SiCH2~ / ~ / 78 C ~¢~
23 `' ~ "H"~
(This compound is also designated Compound ~L~
below.) Exam~le 9 l-MethYlidene-6-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxvphenvl) methyl-5 5-dimethvlcvclohex-2-ene (15):
In a lO m~ test tube was combined l-methylidene-6-(2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-5, 5 -dimethylcyclohex-2-ene (14~ (10.0 mg, 0.026 mmol) and 2.0 mL of 5% methanolic K2CO3. After 10 min at room temperature, the methanol was removed by ro;tary evaporation, and the resultant residue was dissolved in 20 mL ethyl acetate. The organic solution was then washed with saturated aqueous NH4Cl, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pressure. Purification by flash column chromatography (silica gel deactivated with ~;
triethylamine, hexane/ethyl acetate, gradient elution) ¦ `
afforded 7.1 mg (81~) of the phenolic diene as a colorless, oily solid. ~H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ O.73 and 1.16 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 3.82 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.23 and 4.72 (2s, 2 x lH, C=CH2), 5.-78 and 6.08 ~2dd, 2 x lH, `
2-H, 3-H), 6.51 and 6.99 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
(This compound is also designated Compound "K"
below.) ~ ~--E-xam~le 10 j ` `
6- L2l-(tert-Bu~vl)dim~thvlsi-lyloxy-4l-bromo-sl-meth phenvllmethYl-~ 5 5-trimethvl-cYclohe~-2-en-1-one (16):
This compound was p~epared from isophorone (0.168 g, 1.22 mmol) in the manner- previously described for enone 11, affording 0.342 g (60%) of the alkylation product (Rf 0.40, 2:1 hexane/ethyl acetate) as a colorless, oily solid. I;~
,.
WO93/2114~ PCT/US93~39~
~ ~ 33~ S
.
1-Methylidene-6-(2'=acetoxy~-4'-bromo-5~-methoxY~henyl) methYl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene (17):
This compound was prepared from 6-[2'-(te~-butyl) dimethylsilyloxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl]methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (16) (42.0 mg, 0.090 mmol) in the manner previously described for acetoxy diene 14, affording 18.4 mg (52~) of the acetoxy-diene as a colorless oil. ~H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ o.87 and 1.11 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 1.78 (s, 3H, olefinic-CH3), 2.26 (s, 3H, acetate-CH3), 3.83 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.03 and 4.58 (2s, 2 x lH, C=CH2), 5.82 (s, lH, 2-H), 6.52 and 7.19 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H). -(This compound is also designated Compound "H"
below.) 15 Exam~le 1~ !
l-Methylidene-6-~2/-hydroxy-4r-bromo-s~-methoxy~hen methyl-3 5 5-trimethylcYclohex-2-ene ~18):
This compound was prepared from 1-methylidene-6-(2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene (17) (6.8 mg, 0.017 mmol) in the manner previously described for phenolic diene 15, affording 5.8 mg (96%? f the phenolic diene as a colorless, oily solid. l~ NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ O.74 and 1.15 (~s-,~ ~ x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 1.79 (s, 3H, olefinic-CH3), i.26 ~(s,~ 3H, acetate-CH3), 3.81 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.16 and 4.62 (2s, 2 x lH, C=CH2), 5.87 (s, lH, 2-H), 6.52 and 61.99 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
,. . - .
'13332S
WO 93/21145 - PCr/l lS93/03909 '- OM- :
~ BAP / THF / Ac2O / 0 C
3. HF/pyndine/T~ ~ .
14 ~:
0~ .:
CO3 / MeOH
~ L LDA/I~:/0C
60# ~ 32% rff:~v'd 5m o~ 17 K~CO3/MeOH ~
: j ~o :
- .~
,, .. ., SVE~TITUTE SHEET
WO 93/21145 PCr/US93/039 21333'~5 :
Exam~le 12 trans-6- [2 ' - ttert-ButYl)dimethylsilyloxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxY-phenvll methyl-4 5,$-trlmethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (19):
This compound was prepared from 4,5,5-trimethylcyclo-5 hex-2-en-1-one (10) (169 mg, 1.22 mmol) in the manner previously described for benzylated enone 11, affording 0.337 g (59g~) of the less polar trans diastereomer as a colorless, oily solid, alo~g with 22 mg (4%) of the more polar cis diastereomer as a colorless, oily solid, 10 separable by flash column chromatography. The relative stereochemistry of each respective diastereomer was con-firmed by nOe NMR experiments.
trans-2- r2 ~ - (tert-Butvl)dimeth~lsilYlo~-4~-bromo-5~-meth phen~ll meth~rl-3.3.4-trimethylcyclohexanone (20):
This compound was prepared from trans-6-[2' -(tert-butyl) dimethylsilyloxy-4'-bromo-S'-methoxyphenyl]methyl-4,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-l-one (19) (150 mg, 0.321 mmol) in the manner previously described for benzylated ketone 12, affording 0.149 g (99%) of the trans ketone as a 20 colorless, oily solid.
trans -1-Methylidene- 6 - t2'-acetoxY-4'-bromo-5'-methox~n?henYl) methyl-4,5.5-trimethYlcyclohex-2-ene (21):
- . -.
This~~compound was prepared from trans-6- [2' -(tert-butyl) dimethylsilyloxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl]methyl-4,5,5-25 trimethylcy~lohex-2-en-1-one (19) (70.0 mg, 0.15 mmol) in the manner ~ previously described for acetoxy-diene 14, affording 46.8 mg (79%) of the acetoxy-diene as a colorless oil. ~lH N~ (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ 0.76 and 1.14 (2s,--2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 1.00 (d, 3H, CHCH3), 2.30 (s, 3~I, acetate-CH3), 3.85 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.12 and 4.67 (2s;-2--x-lH, C=CH2), 5.46 (d, lH, 2-H), 6.01 (dd, lH, 3-H), 6.53 and i.21 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
(This compound is also designated Compound ~N~
below.) ~133325 ~0 93/21 l45 PCr/US93103909 :
Exam~le 13 trans-1-MethYlidene-6 - 12 ' -hydroxy-4 ' -bromo-5 ' -methoxyphenYl) methyl - 4 5, 5 - t rlmethyl c~clQhex- 2 - ene ( 2 2 ) :
This compound was prepared from trans-l-methylidene-6-( 2 ' - acetoxy- 4 ' - bromo - 5 ' -methoxyphenyl ) methyl - 4, 5, 5 -trimethylcyclohex-2-ene (21~ ~5 . 5 mg, 0 . 014 mmol) in the manner previously described for phenolic diene 15, affording 4.1 mg (84%) of the phenolic diene as a colorless, oily solid. lX N~ (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ o . 74 and 1.18 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal~CH3's), 1.00 (d, 3H, CHCH3), 3.80 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.22 and 4.70 (2s, 2 x lH, C=CH2), 5.52 (d, lH, 2-H), 6 . 04 (dd, lH, 3 -H), 6 . 50 and 6 . 99 ppm (2s , 2 x lH, Ar-H) .
I
WO 93/21 145 PCr/VS93/039~, ~ 1333'~S
i' 42 q~q 1. LDA / I~IF / 0 C ~dq ~ !
æ 6J~ *~
/ ~ 63%,. 15 / 1 ~ans: c TBSO
19 .,, OMo .
H~/5%PdonC
EtQAc / 999'~ TBSO
.
1. Me~SiCH2Li / T~ / -78 C Br - --- -: 'æ' TBAF J~ / Ac20 TBSO J~ 3. HF / pyridine / T~ 1' ,~
19 :Ohh 21 I~CO3~MeOH
84~ HO
~13332S
' 43 Example_l4 trans -1-Methylidene-2-(2'-hydroxy 4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl) methYl-3 3 4-trlmethylcyclohexane (23):
This compound was prepared from trans-2- [2' - (te~-butyl) dimethylsilyloxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl]methyl-3,3,4-trimethylcyclohexanone ~20) (47.0 mg, 0.089 mmol) in the ~
manner previously described for phenolic olefin 13 to -' afford 22.6 mg (72~) of the trans phenolic olefin as a -colorless, oily solid. lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ O.79 and 10 1 . 08 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3' s), 0 . 85 (d, 3H, CHCH3), 3 . 80 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.36 and 4.58 (2s, 2 x lH, C=CH2), 6.50 and ~' 6.99 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H). ~' Exam~le 15 i~' 6-(4'-Nitrophenyl)methyl-S.S-dimethvlcYclohex-2-en-1-one lS ~24) This compound was prepared from 5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (8) (0.600 g, 4 . 83 mmol) and p-nitro~enzyl bromide (1. 581 g, 7.32 mmol) in the manner described for the synthesis of enone 11, affording 627 mg (50~) of the 20 nitro-enone as a pale yellow oil. ~X NMR (400 MHz, C~Cl3) '' - ~ 1.02 and 1.18 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 2.83 and 3.10 (d of ABq, 2H, benzylic-H's), 6.0-0 (ddd,- lH, 2-H), 6.81 (ddd, lH, 3-H), 7.38 and 8.10 ppm (2d, 2 x 2H, Ar-H).
Example 16 1-Methvlidene-6-~3'-methyl-4'-nitrophenyl)methvl-5 5-dimethylcvclohex-2-ene (25): :~
This compound was prepared from 6-(4'-nitrophenyl) methyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one (24) (133 mg, 0.514 mmol) in the manner pre~iously described for the synthesis of olefin 13, with the following~' procedural changes.
Three equivalents of (trimethyl)silylmethyllithium were "
used, and the subsequent elimination step required 48 h to go to completion, affording 120 mg (86%) of the nitro-diene as a colorless oil. ~H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) ~ O . 92 and 1.12 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 2.58 (s, 3H, Ar-CH3~, .
~, . .
WO93/21145 PCT/US93/039~
~ 1 3 3 4.05 and 4.64 (2s, 2 x lH, methylidene-CH2), 5.70 (ddd, lH, 3-H), 6.03 (dd, lX, 2-H), 6.98 (s, lH, Ar-H), 6.99 and 7.88 ppm (2d, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
(This compound is also designated Compound "M"
below.) Exam~le 17 1-MethYlidene-2-~2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl) methylcyclohexane (26):
This ~ompound was prepared in three steps from cyclohexanone and 2-(te~-butyl)dimethylsilyloxy-4-bromo-5-methoxybenzyl bromide ~6) as previously described for the synthesis of olefin 13, to give the desired olefin in three steps in 13.5~ overall yield as a colorless oil.
1~ NM~ (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ 2.54 and 2.92 (d of ABq, 2H, benzylic-H's), 3.84 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.46 (s, lH, OH), 4.62 and 4.71 (2s, 2 x lH, methylidene-CH2), 6.65 and 6.98 ppm (2c, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
1, '133325 ,~'0 93/2114~ 45 P~/US93/03909 ~
~b ~ `.
~Q~ 1. Me3SiCH2~ / ~ / 78 C ~¢~
23 `' ~ "H"~
8 E~r 2~ 25 50% ' i:
o~O 1 LDA~ 0~
6 ~SO T~ / 23%, T8SO -60% 26 1, SUB~TITUl E SHEET
WO93/2114~ PCT/US93/039~
~ ~ 333`~
Semisynthetic Derivatives of Natural Cyclocvmopols Example 18 (3R)-1-Debromocycloc ~ o~ol monomethyl ether (27L:
To a flame-dried 10 mL round-bottomed flask containing (3~)-2'-(te~-butyl)dimethylsilyloxycyclocymopol monomethyl ether (19.5 mg, 0.036 mmol) in 1 mL anhydrous benzene with 1-2 mg AIBN at room temperature was added n-Bu3SnH (39 ~L, 0.144 mmol, 4.0 equiv). After so min, TLC
analysis indicated virtually complete consumption of starting material, and formation of a slightly less polar product. Carbon tetrachloride ~200 ~L) was added, and after 1 h at room temperature followed by 1.5 h at 0C, 2 mL THF and 200 ~L 1.0 M tetrabutylammonium fluoride --- solution in THF were added. After 10 min at 0C, pH 7 buffer was added, and the reaction mixture was extracted with hexane. The resultant organic solution was dri`ed over Na2S04, and concentrated under diminished pressure.
Purification by flash column chromatography (silica gel, lO~ ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 7.5 mg (61%) of the debromophenol as a colorless oil. The 400 MHz lH NMR
spectrum and TLC elution properties of this compound were ~d.- ' identical to those reported for the racemic analog 13.
--(This-- compound is also designated Compound "J"
below.) Example i9 -- --t3S)-l-Debromocyclocvmo~ol monomethyl ether (28):
I This compound was prepared from (3S) -2' - (te~-butyl) dimethylsilyloxycyclocymopol monomethyl ether (25 . O mg, O.Q47 mmol) in the manner described for the synthesis of the-~ycIocymopol derivative 27, affording 5.5 mg (35%~ of the- de~romophenol as a colorless oil, along with the remainder of the mass balance as deprotected starting material. The 400 MHz lH NMR spectrum and TLC elution properties of this compound were identical to those reported for the racemic analog 13.
NO93/21145 ~13 ~ 3 ~ 5 PCT/US93/03909 (This compound is also~ designated Compound ~G"
below.) ExamPle 20 (3R)-4' -FormylcYclocymopol monomethyl ether (29):
To a flame-dried 10 mL round-bottomed flask containing (3R)-2'-te~-butyl~dimethylsilyloxycyclocymopol monomethyl ether (53.4 mgr 0.10 mmol) in 2 mL anhydrous THF at -78C was added n-butyllithium (70 ~L of a 2.15 M
solution in hexane, 0.15 mmol, 1.50 equiv) all in one portion. After 10 min at -78Cr N-methyl-N-~2-pyridyl) formamide (28.5 mgr 25 ~Lr 0.21 mmol, 2.1 equiv) was added as a solution in 1 mL THF, and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 30 min before quenching with 1 mL 1:4 acetic acid/methanol. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between hexane and 1.0 M NaHSO4r washed with pH 7 bufferr and the resultant organic phase was dried over NazSO4 and concentrated under diminished pressure.
Purification by radial chromatography (silica gelr 1 mm chromatotron plater 10-15% ethyl acetate in hexane) gave 28.1 mg (58~) of the protected phenolic aldehyde as a white solid. A portion of this silylated phenol (3.5 mg) was deprotected using 25 ~L of 1-.0 M tetrabutylammonium fluoride in 1 mL THF at 0C. ~~he reaction was quenched with pH 7 buffer, and partitioned between hexanes and water. The resultant organic phase was_dried o~er Na2SO4 and concentrated under diminished pressure. Purification by radial chromatography (silica gel, 1 mm chromatotron plate, 15~ ethyl acetate in hexanes) gave 2.1 mg ;79~) of the desired aldehyde as a white sol-id. 1~ NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ 1.10 and 1.26 (2s, 2 x 3~, geminal-CH3's), 2.70 and 3.01 (d of ABq, 2H, benzylic-~-s), 3.84 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.39 and 4.62 ~2s, 2 x lH, methylidene-CH2), 4.44 (dd, lH, BrCH), 6.60 and 7.27 (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H), 10.33 ppm (s, lH, C~O) .
WO93/21~ 3 3 3 2 ~ PCT/US93/039 ExamDle 21 (3R) -4' -Iodocyclocymo~ol monomethyl_ether t30):
This compound was prepared from (3R)-2'-(te~-butyl)dimethylsilyloxycyclocymopolmonomethylether (15.2 mg, 0.029 mmol) and iodine (300 ~L of a 0.25 M
solution in benzene, o.075 mmol, 2.6 equiv) in the manner previously described for cyclocymopol derivative 29, affording 9.2 mg (70~) of the iodocyclocymopol derivative as a colorless oily solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) ~ 1.08 and 1.22 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 2.52 and 2.91 (d of ABq, 2H, benzylic-H's), 3.78 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.30 and 4.62 (2s, 2 x lH, methy1idene-CH2), 4.42 (dd, lHj ICH), 4.49 (s, lH, OH), 6.45 and 7.10 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
(This compound is also designated Compound IIV' below.) Example 22 .
(3R~SR)-S-Hydroxyc~clocymopol monomethyl ether (31):
To a flame-dried 25 mL round-bottomed flask containing (3R)-2'-(te~-butyl)dimethylsilyloxycyclocymopol monomethyl ether (13.8 mg, 0.026 mmol) in 3.5 mh anhydrous dichloromethane at room temperature was added selenium -dioxide (l.S mg, 0.013 mmol, 0.50 equiv) and anhydrous t-butyl hydroperoxide (17.3 ~L of a 3.0 M solution in 2,2,4-trimetXy-lpentane, 0.052 mmol, 2.00 equiv), and the mixture was allowed~to-stir at room temperature for 40 h, at which time the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation.
Purification-by flash column chromatography (silica gel, - hèxanes/ethyl acetate, gradient elution) afforded 13 mg of material which was dissolved in 1 mh THF, cooled to 0C, and treated with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (0.03 mL of a 1.0M solution in THF, 0.030 mmol, l.lS equiv). After 10 min, the reaction was quenched by the addition of pH 7 buffer (5 mL~, and~extracted with hexanes (2 x 25 mL~.
The combined organic extracts were dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pressure. Purification by W093J21145 ~1 3 3 3 2 5 PCT/US93/03909 4g flash column chromatography (silica ~gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate, gradient elution) afforded 8.8 mg ~78~) of the hydroxycycloc~mopol as a white sold. lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ 1.04 and 1.23 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 3.83 ~.
(s, 3H, OCH3), 4.42 (dd, lH, CHBr), 4.43 and 4.96 (2s, 2 x 2H, methylidene-CH2), 4.73 (dd, lH, CHOH), 6.54 and 7.00 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
(This compound is also desi~nated Compound "E"
below.) :
, WO 93/21 14:~ PCl /US93~1)3~
`f~ 1 3332S
OMe OM~
Br~ l. n-Bu35nH / PhH ar~d~
~Br 2. ca4 ~ X
~SO 3. TBAF ~ T~ HO
- 61% 27 OMo 8r~¢~ ~ 1 n-3u35nH / PhH E~
TBSO 3. T~AP / ~7 HO
35%
- OMo O OMe ~ - 3. TBAP / T~
- ~ 7g% OM~
1. n-BuLi / ~ / r 2. I /b~z~e- ~ ~ ~ ~a-3. TBAF/T~ I
79~o 3~ .
OM~ -- OMe OH
q~ 1. SeO2 / t-8uOOH ~r~ .
~X--8. 2. TBAF / ~E7 0 WO93/21145 ~1 3 ~ ~ 2 ~ PCT/US93/0~909 Representative derivative~compounds include:
o~ ~. .
Br~ Br~
, ~
O ~ ~ ~f o . .:
COMPOUND A COMPOUND B
1 -Methyl idene-2-~2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-5 '- (3S)-1-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane ether,2'-acetate ~ o~o~
o , '~
COMPC)UND C COMPOUND D
1-Methylidene-2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'- (3S)-1-Debromocyclocyms~pol monomethyl methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,3~imethylcyclohexane ether,2'-methylcarbsnate COMPOUND E COMPOU~ID F `
(3R,SR)-~Hydroxycyclocymopol monomethyl 2-(4'-Nitrophenyl)methylcyclohexanone10 ether ---WO 93/21 145 PCr/US93/~39 2l333'~S 52 ~r~
COMPOUND G COMPOU~D H
(3S)-1-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether 1-Methylidene-6-(2'~acetoxy-4' bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-3 ,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene O~ ~ 3~
OH ~ ~ I .
COMPOUND I COMPOUND J
l-Methylidene-6-(4'-nitrophenyl)methyl-3,5,5- (3R)-1-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl trimethylcyclohex-2-ene ether ,.~.
' .
,, .
a~
-. . ~
COMPOUND K COMPOUND L
l-Methylidene-6-t2'~hyd~roxy-4'-bromo-5'- 1-Methylidene-6-t2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-5'- . ¦ `~
methoxyphenyl)methyl-S,S~lmethylcyclohex-2-ene methoxyphenyl)methyl-5,5~imethylcyclohex-2-ene WO 93/21145 i~ 3 3 ~ 2 ~ PCI~US9~3909 o~ , o*~
COMPOUND M COMPOUND N
,-Methylidene-6-(3'methyl4'-nitrophenyl)methyl- trans-1-Methylidene-6-(2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-;'-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene methoxyphenyl)methyl~,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene '~
l .
Q~b :
~ Off ~
COMPOUND O COMPOUND P , 1-Methylidene-2-(4'-bromophenyl)methyl-3,3-1-Methylidene-2-~2'-hydroxy-4'-bramo-5'-dlme~hylcyclohexane methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,3-dimethylcyclopentane ~ .
COMPOUND Q COMPOU~D R
1Methylidene-2~4'-nitrophenyl)methylcyclohexane(3R)-l-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl .
ether,2'-methylcarbonate WO 93/21145 PCl/US93/039~
') ~ 3332S
~ ~o ~;1~
COMPOUND S COMPOUND T
l-Methylidene-2-~2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'- (3-R)-Cyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2'-methoxyphenyl)methylcyclohexane methylcarbonate ~0~ ~
COMPOUND U COMPOUND V
(3R)-1-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl (3R) 1'-lodocyclocymopol monomethyl ether ether,2'-benzoate -- .
. .
_. - - - .
, ~093/21145 ~1 3 3 3 2 5 PCT/US93/03909 Utilizing the "co-transfection~ assay~described above, representative synthetic and semisynthetic cyclocymopol derivatives have been tested and found to be antagonists specifically for the intracellular receptor for progesterone. Cultured monkey kidney cells (CV-l's) were transfected with the human receptor cDNA for the progesterone receptox altered at the Tau-1 locatlon and utilized in the co-transfection assay. The assay was also run using T47D (human breast cancer) cells. The antagonist activity assay results are shown below in Table 1. Table 2 presents comparable results for the antagonists RU-486 and (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether, and for the agonist (3S)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
Efficacy is reported as the ~ maximal response observed ;.
15 for each compound relative to RU-486, a compound known to j:
exhibit progesterone receptor antagonist activity. Also reported in Tables 1 and 2 for each compound is its potency or IC50 (which is the concentration (nM), required to reduce the maximal response by 50~), and its binding 20 acti~ity for the progesterone receptor. .
.. .
Table 1 -CV-l Cells T47D Cells ~
Com~ound Efficacy Potency Efficacy Potency Binding ..
t _ nM Kd,nM
A 55 225 70 200 ~ - 100-.
B 45 400 65 85 35~ -c 55 400 70 200 85 F 100 550 80 200 925 ~, G 45 600 50 300 -~ 2Q- ~:
I 95 700 75 125 55 .
W O 93/21145 PCT~US93/039t 2~L3332S
CV-l Cells T47D Cells Com~ound Ef f icacy Potency Ef f icacy Potency Binding ~ ~ ~ nM Kd, nM
o 90 1000 85 850 445 S 90 . lS00 85 400 345 U 9S 1600 80 300 lgO
V 95 1~00 85 325 95 Table 2 CV-l Cells T47D Cells Ef f icacy Potency Efficacy Potency Binding ComDound ~ . nM t nM Kd,nM
RU-486 100 0.1 - - 0.6 (3~)-cyclo- 85 965 85 385 450 : cymopol mono- i~
methy} ether ;
(3S) -cyclo-~20 ~lO,000 - - 325 . ~ ;
20 cymopol mono- - ,:~
methyl ether The synthetic cyclocymopol compounds were also individually tested for cross-reactivity with the other known intracellular recèptor classes. This testing showed ::
the compounds not to have acti~ity with the glucocorticoid receptor, ~in contrast to RU-486 which shows significant activity for that receptor-. Some deri~ative compounds were found to exhibit slight activity for the androgen : receptor. - _.
- ...
30 Pharmacoloaical_and gther Applicatlons :;
It has been recognized that the co-transfection assay :
pro~ides a fùnctional assessment of the ligand being tested as either an agonist or antagonist of the specific genetic process sought to be affected, and mimics an ln ~VO 93/~1145 ,i~ ~ 3 3 3 2 5 PC~r/US93/03909 VlVO system in the laboratory. higands which do n~t react with other intracellular receptors, as determined by the co-transfection assay, can be expected to result in fewer pharmacological side effects. Because the co-transfection S assay is conducted in living cells, the evaluation of a ligand provides an early indicator of the potential toxicity of the candidate ligand at concentrations where a therapeutic benefit would be expected.
As will be discernible to those skilled in the art, the non-steroid progesterone receptor antagonist and agonist compounds disclosed can be readily utilized in pharmacological applications where progesterone receptor antagonist or agonist activity is desired, and where it is desired to minimize cross reactivities with other related intracellular receptors. In v vo applications of the invention include administration of the disclosed compounds to mammalian subjects, and in particular to humans.
The compounds of the present invention are small 20 ~molecules which are relatively fat soluble or lipophilic and entér the cell by passive diffusion across the plasma membrane. Consequently, these ligands are well suited for admini~stration orally as well as by injection. Upon administration, these~ ligands can selectively activate progesterone receptors and thereby modulate processes mediat~ed~by these receptors. - -`-The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention areprepared in conventional dosage unit forms by incorpo-:~ ! 1 rating an activé compound of the invention, or a mixture ; 30 of such compounds, with a nontoxic pharmaceutical ca-rrier according to accepted procedures in a nontoxic amount ~;- sufficient to produce the desired pharmacodynamic a~ti~it~
in a mammalian and in particular a human subject. Prefer-~
ably, the composition contains the active ingredient in an active, but nontoxic, amount selected from about 5 mg to about 500 mg of active ingredient per dosage unit. This -WO93/2114~ PCT/~IS93/039~ -213^332~ ' quantity~ depends on the-~ specific biological activity desired and the condition of the patient.
The pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle employed may be, for example, a solid or liquid. A variety of pharmaceutical forms can be employed. Thus, when using a solid carrier, the preparation can be plain mllled micronized in oil, tableted, placed in a hard gelatin or enteric-coated capsule in micronized powder or pellet form, or in the form of a troche, lozenge, or suppository.
When using a liquid carrier, the preparation can be in the form of a liquid, such as an ampule, or as an aqueous or nonaqueous liquid suspension. The following examples pro~ide illustrative pharmacological composition formulations:
Exam~le 23 Hard gelatin capsules are prepared using the followi~g ingredients:
Q u a n t i t y ~mq/caPsule) (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether 140 Starch, dried 100 Magnesium stearate 10 Total - 250 mg The above ingredients are mixed and filled into hard gelatin capsules in 250 mg~q~a~titles.
Exam~le 24 A tablet is prepared using the ingredients below-~~ Quantity (mq/tablet ) (3R)-cyclocymopol mon-omethyl ether 140 Cellulose, microcrystalline 200 : Silicon dioxide, fumed 10 Stearic acid 10 Total 360 mg .
h'O93/2114~ ~ 1 3 3 3 2 5 PCT/US93/03909 The components are blended and compressed to form tablets each weighing 665 mg.
Example 25 Tablets, each containing 60 mg of active ingredient, are made as follows:
Quantity (mq/tablet) (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether 60 Starch 45 Cellulose, microcry~talline 35 Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (as 10~ solution in water) 4 Sodium carboxymethyl starch (SCMS) 4.5 Magnesium stearate 0.5 Talc 1.0 Total 150 mg The active ingredient, starch, and cellulose are passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed thoroughly. The solution of PVP is mixed with the resultant powders, which are then passed through a No. 14 mesh U.S. sieve. The granules so produced are dried at - ~ 50C and pas-sed through a No. 18 mesh U.S. sieve. The SCMS, magnesium stearate, and talc, previously passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve, and then added to the granules which, after mixing, are compressed on a ta~let~
machine to yield tablets each weighing 150 mg. ~ ~~
, , I
WO93/~1145 PCT/US93/039~ :
2~333'~S
Exam~le 26 --Suppositories, each containing 225 mg of active ingredient, may be made as follows:
(3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether 225 mg Saturated fatty acid glycerides 2 ! 040 mq :
Total 2,225 mg .
The active ingredient is passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S.
sieve and suspended in the saturated fatty acid glycerides previously melted using the minimum heat necessary. The mixture is then poured into a suppository mold of normal 2g capacity and allowed to cool. I
Exam~le.27 r, ~' An intravenous formulation may be prepared as :
follows: .;
(3R)-cyclocymopol monQmethyl ether lO0 mg Isotonic saline . l,000 ml `:
Glycerol lO0 ml ,l .
The compound`is dissolved in the glycerol and then I .`
the solution is slowly diluted with isotonic saline. The 20 solution of the above ingredients is then administered .
intravenously at a rate of l ml per minute to a patient. ` -:
:~ ~ . .
The compounds of this invention also have utility when labeled as ligands for use in assays to determine the presence of progesterone receptors-..-They are particularly useful due to their ability t:o selectively activate progesterone receptors, and can therefore be used to determine the presence of such...recèptors in the presence of other related receptors.
Due to the selective specificity of the compounds of this invention for progesterone~ré~ceptors, these compounds can be used to purify samples of progesterone receptors in vi~o. Such purification can be carried out by mixing samples containing progesterone receptors with one or more of the cyclocymopol and derivative compounds disclosed so that the compound (ligand) binds to the receptor, and then ~093/2114~ ~1 3 3 3 2 S PCT/US93/0390g -separating out the bound ligand/receptor combinatio~ by separation techniques which are known to those of skill in the art. These techniques include column separation, filtration, centrifugation, tagging and physical separation, and antibody complexing, among others.
While the preferred embodiments have been described and illustrated, various substitutions and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that - 10 the present invention has been described by way of illustration and not limitation.
,~' : :, - - ;
, . :~;
~ '~ ,.
' :
: -
o~O 1 LDA~ 0~
6 ~SO T~ / 23%, T8SO -60% 26 1, SUB~TITUl E SHEET
WO93/2114~ PCT/US93/039~
~ ~ 333`~
Semisynthetic Derivatives of Natural Cyclocvmopols Example 18 (3R)-1-Debromocycloc ~ o~ol monomethyl ether (27L:
To a flame-dried 10 mL round-bottomed flask containing (3~)-2'-(te~-butyl)dimethylsilyloxycyclocymopol monomethyl ether (19.5 mg, 0.036 mmol) in 1 mL anhydrous benzene with 1-2 mg AIBN at room temperature was added n-Bu3SnH (39 ~L, 0.144 mmol, 4.0 equiv). After so min, TLC
analysis indicated virtually complete consumption of starting material, and formation of a slightly less polar product. Carbon tetrachloride ~200 ~L) was added, and after 1 h at room temperature followed by 1.5 h at 0C, 2 mL THF and 200 ~L 1.0 M tetrabutylammonium fluoride --- solution in THF were added. After 10 min at 0C, pH 7 buffer was added, and the reaction mixture was extracted with hexane. The resultant organic solution was dri`ed over Na2S04, and concentrated under diminished pressure.
Purification by flash column chromatography (silica gel, lO~ ethyl acetate in hexane) afforded 7.5 mg (61%) of the debromophenol as a colorless oil. The 400 MHz lH NMR
spectrum and TLC elution properties of this compound were ~d.- ' identical to those reported for the racemic analog 13.
--(This-- compound is also designated Compound "J"
below.) Example i9 -- --t3S)-l-Debromocyclocvmo~ol monomethyl ether (28):
I This compound was prepared from (3S) -2' - (te~-butyl) dimethylsilyloxycyclocymopol monomethyl ether (25 . O mg, O.Q47 mmol) in the manner described for the synthesis of the-~ycIocymopol derivative 27, affording 5.5 mg (35%~ of the- de~romophenol as a colorless oil, along with the remainder of the mass balance as deprotected starting material. The 400 MHz lH NMR spectrum and TLC elution properties of this compound were identical to those reported for the racemic analog 13.
NO93/21145 ~13 ~ 3 ~ 5 PCT/US93/03909 (This compound is also~ designated Compound ~G"
below.) ExamPle 20 (3R)-4' -FormylcYclocymopol monomethyl ether (29):
To a flame-dried 10 mL round-bottomed flask containing (3R)-2'-te~-butyl~dimethylsilyloxycyclocymopol monomethyl ether (53.4 mgr 0.10 mmol) in 2 mL anhydrous THF at -78C was added n-butyllithium (70 ~L of a 2.15 M
solution in hexane, 0.15 mmol, 1.50 equiv) all in one portion. After 10 min at -78Cr N-methyl-N-~2-pyridyl) formamide (28.5 mgr 25 ~Lr 0.21 mmol, 2.1 equiv) was added as a solution in 1 mL THF, and the reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 30 min before quenching with 1 mL 1:4 acetic acid/methanol. The reaction mixture was then partitioned between hexane and 1.0 M NaHSO4r washed with pH 7 bufferr and the resultant organic phase was dried over NazSO4 and concentrated under diminished pressure.
Purification by radial chromatography (silica gelr 1 mm chromatotron plater 10-15% ethyl acetate in hexane) gave 28.1 mg (58~) of the protected phenolic aldehyde as a white solid. A portion of this silylated phenol (3.5 mg) was deprotected using 25 ~L of 1-.0 M tetrabutylammonium fluoride in 1 mL THF at 0C. ~~he reaction was quenched with pH 7 buffer, and partitioned between hexanes and water. The resultant organic phase was_dried o~er Na2SO4 and concentrated under diminished pressure. Purification by radial chromatography (silica gel, 1 mm chromatotron plate, 15~ ethyl acetate in hexanes) gave 2.1 mg ;79~) of the desired aldehyde as a white sol-id. 1~ NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ 1.10 and 1.26 (2s, 2 x 3~, geminal-CH3's), 2.70 and 3.01 (d of ABq, 2H, benzylic-~-s), 3.84 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.39 and 4.62 ~2s, 2 x lH, methylidene-CH2), 4.44 (dd, lH, BrCH), 6.60 and 7.27 (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H), 10.33 ppm (s, lH, C~O) .
WO93/21~ 3 3 3 2 ~ PCT/US93/039 ExamDle 21 (3R) -4' -Iodocyclocymo~ol monomethyl_ether t30):
This compound was prepared from (3R)-2'-(te~-butyl)dimethylsilyloxycyclocymopolmonomethylether (15.2 mg, 0.029 mmol) and iodine (300 ~L of a 0.25 M
solution in benzene, o.075 mmol, 2.6 equiv) in the manner previously described for cyclocymopol derivative 29, affording 9.2 mg (70~) of the iodocyclocymopol derivative as a colorless oily solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) ~ 1.08 and 1.22 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 2.52 and 2.91 (d of ABq, 2H, benzylic-H's), 3.78 (s, 3H, OCH3), 4.30 and 4.62 (2s, 2 x lH, methy1idene-CH2), 4.42 (dd, lHj ICH), 4.49 (s, lH, OH), 6.45 and 7.10 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
(This compound is also designated Compound IIV' below.) Example 22 .
(3R~SR)-S-Hydroxyc~clocymopol monomethyl ether (31):
To a flame-dried 25 mL round-bottomed flask containing (3R)-2'-(te~-butyl)dimethylsilyloxycyclocymopol monomethyl ether (13.8 mg, 0.026 mmol) in 3.5 mh anhydrous dichloromethane at room temperature was added selenium -dioxide (l.S mg, 0.013 mmol, 0.50 equiv) and anhydrous t-butyl hydroperoxide (17.3 ~L of a 3.0 M solution in 2,2,4-trimetXy-lpentane, 0.052 mmol, 2.00 equiv), and the mixture was allowed~to-stir at room temperature for 40 h, at which time the solvent was removed by rotary evaporation.
Purification-by flash column chromatography (silica gel, - hèxanes/ethyl acetate, gradient elution) afforded 13 mg of material which was dissolved in 1 mh THF, cooled to 0C, and treated with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (0.03 mL of a 1.0M solution in THF, 0.030 mmol, l.lS equiv). After 10 min, the reaction was quenched by the addition of pH 7 buffer (5 mL~, and~extracted with hexanes (2 x 25 mL~.
The combined organic extracts were dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated under diminished pressure. Purification by W093J21145 ~1 3 3 3 2 5 PCT/US93/03909 4g flash column chromatography (silica ~gel, hexanes/ethyl acetate, gradient elution) afforded 8.8 mg ~78~) of the hydroxycycloc~mopol as a white sold. lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ~ 1.04 and 1.23 (2s, 2 x 3H, geminal-CH3's), 3.83 ~.
(s, 3H, OCH3), 4.42 (dd, lH, CHBr), 4.43 and 4.96 (2s, 2 x 2H, methylidene-CH2), 4.73 (dd, lH, CHOH), 6.54 and 7.00 ppm (2s, 2 x lH, Ar-H).
(This compound is also desi~nated Compound "E"
below.) :
, WO 93/21 14:~ PCl /US93~1)3~
`f~ 1 3332S
OMe OM~
Br~ l. n-Bu35nH / PhH ar~d~
~Br 2. ca4 ~ X
~SO 3. TBAF ~ T~ HO
- 61% 27 OMo 8r~¢~ ~ 1 n-3u35nH / PhH E~
TBSO 3. T~AP / ~7 HO
35%
- OMo O OMe ~ - 3. TBAP / T~
- ~ 7g% OM~
1. n-BuLi / ~ / r 2. I /b~z~e- ~ ~ ~ ~a-3. TBAF/T~ I
79~o 3~ .
OM~ -- OMe OH
q~ 1. SeO2 / t-8uOOH ~r~ .
~X--8. 2. TBAF / ~E7 0 WO93/21145 ~1 3 ~ ~ 2 ~ PCT/US93/0~909 Representative derivative~compounds include:
o~ ~. .
Br~ Br~
, ~
O ~ ~ ~f o . .:
COMPOUND A COMPOUND B
1 -Methyl idene-2-~2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-5 '- (3S)-1-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane ether,2'-acetate ~ o~o~
o , '~
COMPC)UND C COMPOUND D
1-Methylidene-2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'- (3S)-1-Debromocyclocyms~pol monomethyl methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,3~imethylcyclohexane ether,2'-methylcarbsnate COMPOUND E COMPOU~ID F `
(3R,SR)-~Hydroxycyclocymopol monomethyl 2-(4'-Nitrophenyl)methylcyclohexanone10 ether ---WO 93/21 145 PCr/US93/~39 2l333'~S 52 ~r~
COMPOUND G COMPOU~D H
(3S)-1-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether 1-Methylidene-6-(2'~acetoxy-4' bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-3 ,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene O~ ~ 3~
OH ~ ~ I .
COMPOUND I COMPOUND J
l-Methylidene-6-(4'-nitrophenyl)methyl-3,5,5- (3R)-1-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl trimethylcyclohex-2-ene ether ,.~.
' .
,, .
a~
-. . ~
COMPOUND K COMPOUND L
l-Methylidene-6-t2'~hyd~roxy-4'-bromo-5'- 1-Methylidene-6-t2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-5'- . ¦ `~
methoxyphenyl)methyl-S,S~lmethylcyclohex-2-ene methoxyphenyl)methyl-5,5~imethylcyclohex-2-ene WO 93/21145 i~ 3 3 ~ 2 ~ PCI~US9~3909 o~ , o*~
COMPOUND M COMPOUND N
,-Methylidene-6-(3'methyl4'-nitrophenyl)methyl- trans-1-Methylidene-6-(2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-;'-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene methoxyphenyl)methyl~,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene '~
l .
Q~b :
~ Off ~
COMPOUND O COMPOUND P , 1-Methylidene-2-(4'-bromophenyl)methyl-3,3-1-Methylidene-2-~2'-hydroxy-4'-bramo-5'-dlme~hylcyclohexane methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,3-dimethylcyclopentane ~ .
COMPOUND Q COMPOU~D R
1Methylidene-2~4'-nitrophenyl)methylcyclohexane(3R)-l-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl .
ether,2'-methylcarbonate WO 93/21145 PCl/US93/039~
') ~ 3332S
~ ~o ~;1~
COMPOUND S COMPOUND T
l-Methylidene-2-~2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'- (3-R)-Cyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2'-methoxyphenyl)methylcyclohexane methylcarbonate ~0~ ~
COMPOUND U COMPOUND V
(3R)-1-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl (3R) 1'-lodocyclocymopol monomethyl ether ether,2'-benzoate -- .
. .
_. - - - .
, ~093/21145 ~1 3 3 3 2 5 PCT/US93/03909 Utilizing the "co-transfection~ assay~described above, representative synthetic and semisynthetic cyclocymopol derivatives have been tested and found to be antagonists specifically for the intracellular receptor for progesterone. Cultured monkey kidney cells (CV-l's) were transfected with the human receptor cDNA for the progesterone receptox altered at the Tau-1 locatlon and utilized in the co-transfection assay. The assay was also run using T47D (human breast cancer) cells. The antagonist activity assay results are shown below in Table 1. Table 2 presents comparable results for the antagonists RU-486 and (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether, and for the agonist (3S)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
Efficacy is reported as the ~ maximal response observed ;.
15 for each compound relative to RU-486, a compound known to j:
exhibit progesterone receptor antagonist activity. Also reported in Tables 1 and 2 for each compound is its potency or IC50 (which is the concentration (nM), required to reduce the maximal response by 50~), and its binding 20 acti~ity for the progesterone receptor. .
.. .
Table 1 -CV-l Cells T47D Cells ~
Com~ound Efficacy Potency Efficacy Potency Binding ..
t _ nM Kd,nM
A 55 225 70 200 ~ - 100-.
B 45 400 65 85 35~ -c 55 400 70 200 85 F 100 550 80 200 925 ~, G 45 600 50 300 -~ 2Q- ~:
I 95 700 75 125 55 .
W O 93/21145 PCT~US93/039t 2~L3332S
CV-l Cells T47D Cells Com~ound Ef f icacy Potency Ef f icacy Potency Binding ~ ~ ~ nM Kd, nM
o 90 1000 85 850 445 S 90 . lS00 85 400 345 U 9S 1600 80 300 lgO
V 95 1~00 85 325 95 Table 2 CV-l Cells T47D Cells Ef f icacy Potency Efficacy Potency Binding ComDound ~ . nM t nM Kd,nM
RU-486 100 0.1 - - 0.6 (3~)-cyclo- 85 965 85 385 450 : cymopol mono- i~
methy} ether ;
(3S) -cyclo-~20 ~lO,000 - - 325 . ~ ;
20 cymopol mono- - ,:~
methyl ether The synthetic cyclocymopol compounds were also individually tested for cross-reactivity with the other known intracellular recèptor classes. This testing showed ::
the compounds not to have acti~ity with the glucocorticoid receptor, ~in contrast to RU-486 which shows significant activity for that receptor-. Some deri~ative compounds were found to exhibit slight activity for the androgen : receptor. - _.
- ...
30 Pharmacoloaical_and gther Applicatlons :;
It has been recognized that the co-transfection assay :
pro~ides a fùnctional assessment of the ligand being tested as either an agonist or antagonist of the specific genetic process sought to be affected, and mimics an ln ~VO 93/~1145 ,i~ ~ 3 3 3 2 5 PC~r/US93/03909 VlVO system in the laboratory. higands which do n~t react with other intracellular receptors, as determined by the co-transfection assay, can be expected to result in fewer pharmacological side effects. Because the co-transfection S assay is conducted in living cells, the evaluation of a ligand provides an early indicator of the potential toxicity of the candidate ligand at concentrations where a therapeutic benefit would be expected.
As will be discernible to those skilled in the art, the non-steroid progesterone receptor antagonist and agonist compounds disclosed can be readily utilized in pharmacological applications where progesterone receptor antagonist or agonist activity is desired, and where it is desired to minimize cross reactivities with other related intracellular receptors. In v vo applications of the invention include administration of the disclosed compounds to mammalian subjects, and in particular to humans.
The compounds of the present invention are small 20 ~molecules which are relatively fat soluble or lipophilic and entér the cell by passive diffusion across the plasma membrane. Consequently, these ligands are well suited for admini~stration orally as well as by injection. Upon administration, these~ ligands can selectively activate progesterone receptors and thereby modulate processes mediat~ed~by these receptors. - -`-The pharmaceutical compositions of this invention areprepared in conventional dosage unit forms by incorpo-:~ ! 1 rating an activé compound of the invention, or a mixture ; 30 of such compounds, with a nontoxic pharmaceutical ca-rrier according to accepted procedures in a nontoxic amount ~;- sufficient to produce the desired pharmacodynamic a~ti~it~
in a mammalian and in particular a human subject. Prefer-~
ably, the composition contains the active ingredient in an active, but nontoxic, amount selected from about 5 mg to about 500 mg of active ingredient per dosage unit. This -WO93/2114~ PCT/~IS93/039~ -213^332~ ' quantity~ depends on the-~ specific biological activity desired and the condition of the patient.
The pharmaceutical carrier or vehicle employed may be, for example, a solid or liquid. A variety of pharmaceutical forms can be employed. Thus, when using a solid carrier, the preparation can be plain mllled micronized in oil, tableted, placed in a hard gelatin or enteric-coated capsule in micronized powder or pellet form, or in the form of a troche, lozenge, or suppository.
When using a liquid carrier, the preparation can be in the form of a liquid, such as an ampule, or as an aqueous or nonaqueous liquid suspension. The following examples pro~ide illustrative pharmacological composition formulations:
Exam~le 23 Hard gelatin capsules are prepared using the followi~g ingredients:
Q u a n t i t y ~mq/caPsule) (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether 140 Starch, dried 100 Magnesium stearate 10 Total - 250 mg The above ingredients are mixed and filled into hard gelatin capsules in 250 mg~q~a~titles.
Exam~le 24 A tablet is prepared using the ingredients below-~~ Quantity (mq/tablet ) (3R)-cyclocymopol mon-omethyl ether 140 Cellulose, microcrystalline 200 : Silicon dioxide, fumed 10 Stearic acid 10 Total 360 mg .
h'O93/2114~ ~ 1 3 3 3 2 5 PCT/US93/03909 The components are blended and compressed to form tablets each weighing 665 mg.
Example 25 Tablets, each containing 60 mg of active ingredient, are made as follows:
Quantity (mq/tablet) (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether 60 Starch 45 Cellulose, microcry~talline 35 Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (as 10~ solution in water) 4 Sodium carboxymethyl starch (SCMS) 4.5 Magnesium stearate 0.5 Talc 1.0 Total 150 mg The active ingredient, starch, and cellulose are passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed thoroughly. The solution of PVP is mixed with the resultant powders, which are then passed through a No. 14 mesh U.S. sieve. The granules so produced are dried at - ~ 50C and pas-sed through a No. 18 mesh U.S. sieve. The SCMS, magnesium stearate, and talc, previously passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve, and then added to the granules which, after mixing, are compressed on a ta~let~
machine to yield tablets each weighing 150 mg. ~ ~~
, , I
WO93/~1145 PCT/US93/039~ :
2~333'~S
Exam~le 26 --Suppositories, each containing 225 mg of active ingredient, may be made as follows:
(3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether 225 mg Saturated fatty acid glycerides 2 ! 040 mq :
Total 2,225 mg .
The active ingredient is passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S.
sieve and suspended in the saturated fatty acid glycerides previously melted using the minimum heat necessary. The mixture is then poured into a suppository mold of normal 2g capacity and allowed to cool. I
Exam~le.27 r, ~' An intravenous formulation may be prepared as :
follows: .;
(3R)-cyclocymopol monQmethyl ether lO0 mg Isotonic saline . l,000 ml `:
Glycerol lO0 ml ,l .
The compound`is dissolved in the glycerol and then I .`
the solution is slowly diluted with isotonic saline. The 20 solution of the above ingredients is then administered .
intravenously at a rate of l ml per minute to a patient. ` -:
:~ ~ . .
The compounds of this invention also have utility when labeled as ligands for use in assays to determine the presence of progesterone receptors-..-They are particularly useful due to their ability t:o selectively activate progesterone receptors, and can therefore be used to determine the presence of such...recèptors in the presence of other related receptors.
Due to the selective specificity of the compounds of this invention for progesterone~ré~ceptors, these compounds can be used to purify samples of progesterone receptors in vi~o. Such purification can be carried out by mixing samples containing progesterone receptors with one or more of the cyclocymopol and derivative compounds disclosed so that the compound (ligand) binds to the receptor, and then ~093/2114~ ~1 3 3 3 2 S PCT/US93/0390g -separating out the bound ligand/receptor combinatio~ by separation techniques which are known to those of skill in the art. These techniques include column separation, filtration, centrifugation, tagging and physical separation, and antibody complexing, among others.
While the preferred embodiments have been described and illustrated, various substitutions and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, it is to be understood that - 10 the present invention has been described by way of illustration and not limitation.
,~' : :, - - ;
, . :~;
~ '~ ,.
' :
: -
Claims (27)
Claims
1. A compound having the formulae:
or wherein:
the dotted lines in the structure depict optional double bonds;
X is carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen;
R1 is R17, -OR17,-N(R17)(R17'), -SR17, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or -NO2;
R17 and (R17'), each independently, are hydrogen, saturated or unsaturated C1-C6 alkyl C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 aryl, or C7 aralkyl, said alkyl groups being branched or straight-chain;
R2 is -NO2, -N(OH)R17, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, R17, -N(R17)(R17'), -SR17, -S(O)-R17, -S(O)2-R17, -CH2OH, -C(O)-H, -C(O)CH3, -C(O)-OCH3, -C=CH2, -C=CH-C(O)-OCH3, or R18;
R18 and (R18'), each independently, are hydrogen, saturated or unsaturated C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 aryl, or C7 aralkyl, said alkyl groups being branched or straight-chain which optionally may contain hydroxyl, aldehyde, ketone, nitrile, or ester groups;
R3 is R17 or -OR17;
R4 is hydrogen, -OR17, -OC(O)R17, -OC(O)OR17, -OC(O)N(R17)(R17'), -OS(O)2R17, or -OS(O)-R17;
R5 is hydrogen or OR17;
R6 is R17;
R7 and R8, each independently, are R18, or R7 and R8 together are a carbocyclic 3-8 member ring;
R9 and R10, each independently, are chlorine, bromine, or R17, or R9 and R10 combined are =0, except when X=0, R9 and R10 are not present, and when X is N, then R10 is not present, or R9 and R10 together are joined in a carbocyclic 3-8 member ring;
R11 and R12, each independently, are -OR17, R18, are =0, or are =CH2, except when R11 is attached to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then R12 is not present and R11 is R18, or R11 and R13 together are joined in a carbocyclic 3-8 member ring or are -O- to form an epoxide;
R13 and R14, each independently, are -OR17 or R18, except when R13 is attached to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then-R14 is not present and R13 is -OR17 or R18;
R15 and R16, each independently, are R18 or OR17, or R15 and R16 together are -CH2-O- forming an epoxide, or R15 and R16 combined are =0 or -C(R18)(R18'), except when R15 is hydroxyl, then R16 is not hydroxyl, and when R15 is attached to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then R16 is not present, and when R15 and R16 combined are =O, then R1, R2, R3-, and R4 cannot all be hydrogen nor can R3 be OCH3 when R1, R2 and R4 are all hydrogen;
but excluding cyclocymopol and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
-CH2OH, -C(O)-H, -C(O)CH3, -C(O)-OCH3, -C=CH2, -C=CH-C(O)-OCH3, or R18;
R18 and (R18'), each independently, are hydrogen, saturated or unsaturated C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 aryl, or C7 aralkyl, said alkyl groups being branched or straight-chain which optionally may contain hydroxyl, aldehyde, ketone, nitrile, or ester groups;
R3 is R17 or -OR17;
R4 is hydrogen, -OR17, -OC(O)R17, -OC(O)OR17, -OC(O)N(R17)(R17'), -OS(O)2R17, or -OS(O)-R17;
R5 is hydrogen or OR17;
R6 is R17;
R7 and R8, each independently, are R18, or R7 and R8 together are a carbocyclic 3-8 member ring;
R9 and R10, each independently, are chlorine, bromine, or R17, or R9 and R10 combined are =0, except when X=0, R9 and R10 are not present, and when X is N, then R10 is not present, or R9 and R10 together are joined in a carbocyclic 3-8 member ring;
R11 and R12, each independently, are -OR17, R18, are =0, or are =CH2, except when R11 is attached to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then R12 is not present and R11 is R18, or R11 and R13 together are joined in a carbocyclic 3-8 member ring or are -O- to form an epoxide;
R13 and R14, each independently, are -OR17 or R18, except when R13 is attached to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then R14, is not present and R13 is -OR17 or R18;
R15 and R16, each independently, are R18 or OR17, or R15 and R16 together are -CH2-O- forming an epoxide, or R15 and R16 combined are =0 or =C(R18)(R18'), except when R15 is hydroxyl, then R16 is not hydroxyl, and when R15 is attached to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then R16 is not present;
but excluding cyclocymopol and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
or wherein:
the dotted lines in the structure depict optional double bonds;
X is carbon, oxygen, or nitrogen;
R1 is R17, -OR17,-N(R17)(R17'), -SR17, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or -NO2;
R17 and (R17'), each independently, are hydrogen, saturated or unsaturated C1-C6 alkyl C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 aryl, or C7 aralkyl, said alkyl groups being branched or straight-chain;
R2 is -NO2, -N(OH)R17, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, R17, -N(R17)(R17'), -SR17, -S(O)-R17, -S(O)2-R17, -CH2OH, -C(O)-H, -C(O)CH3, -C(O)-OCH3, -C=CH2, -C=CH-C(O)-OCH3, or R18;
R18 and (R18'), each independently, are hydrogen, saturated or unsaturated C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 aryl, or C7 aralkyl, said alkyl groups being branched or straight-chain which optionally may contain hydroxyl, aldehyde, ketone, nitrile, or ester groups;
R3 is R17 or -OR17;
R4 is hydrogen, -OR17, -OC(O)R17, -OC(O)OR17, -OC(O)N(R17)(R17'), -OS(O)2R17, or -OS(O)-R17;
R5 is hydrogen or OR17;
R6 is R17;
R7 and R8, each independently, are R18, or R7 and R8 together are a carbocyclic 3-8 member ring;
R9 and R10, each independently, are chlorine, bromine, or R17, or R9 and R10 combined are =0, except when X=0, R9 and R10 are not present, and when X is N, then R10 is not present, or R9 and R10 together are joined in a carbocyclic 3-8 member ring;
R11 and R12, each independently, are -OR17, R18, are =0, or are =CH2, except when R11 is attached to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then R12 is not present and R11 is R18, or R11 and R13 together are joined in a carbocyclic 3-8 member ring or are -O- to form an epoxide;
R13 and R14, each independently, are -OR17 or R18, except when R13 is attached to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then-R14 is not present and R13 is -OR17 or R18;
R15 and R16, each independently, are R18 or OR17, or R15 and R16 together are -CH2-O- forming an epoxide, or R15 and R16 combined are =0 or -C(R18)(R18'), except when R15 is hydroxyl, then R16 is not hydroxyl, and when R15 is attached to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then R16 is not present, and when R15 and R16 combined are =O, then R1, R2, R3-, and R4 cannot all be hydrogen nor can R3 be OCH3 when R1, R2 and R4 are all hydrogen;
but excluding cyclocymopol and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
-CH2OH, -C(O)-H, -C(O)CH3, -C(O)-OCH3, -C=CH2, -C=CH-C(O)-OCH3, or R18;
R18 and (R18'), each independently, are hydrogen, saturated or unsaturated C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C5-C7 aryl, or C7 aralkyl, said alkyl groups being branched or straight-chain which optionally may contain hydroxyl, aldehyde, ketone, nitrile, or ester groups;
R3 is R17 or -OR17;
R4 is hydrogen, -OR17, -OC(O)R17, -OC(O)OR17, -OC(O)N(R17)(R17'), -OS(O)2R17, or -OS(O)-R17;
R5 is hydrogen or OR17;
R6 is R17;
R7 and R8, each independently, are R18, or R7 and R8 together are a carbocyclic 3-8 member ring;
R9 and R10, each independently, are chlorine, bromine, or R17, or R9 and R10 combined are =0, except when X=0, R9 and R10 are not present, and when X is N, then R10 is not present, or R9 and R10 together are joined in a carbocyclic 3-8 member ring;
R11 and R12, each independently, are -OR17, R18, are =0, or are =CH2, except when R11 is attached to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then R12 is not present and R11 is R18, or R11 and R13 together are joined in a carbocyclic 3-8 member ring or are -O- to form an epoxide;
R13 and R14, each independently, are -OR17 or R18, except when R13 is attached to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then R14, is not present and R13 is -OR17 or R18;
R15 and R16, each independently, are R18 or OR17, or R15 and R16 together are -CH2-O- forming an epoxide, or R15 and R16 combined are =0 or =C(R18)(R18'), except when R15 is hydroxyl, then R16 is not hydroxyl, and when R15 is attached to an sp2 carbon atom in the ring, then R16 is not present;
but excluding cyclocymopol and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
2. A compound as set forth in claim 1 wherein said compound exhibits activity as a progesterone receptor antagonist.
3. A compound as set forth in claim 1 wherein said compound is a diastereomerically pure 3R diastereomer.
4. A compound as set forth in claim 1 wherein said compound is a diastereomerically pure 3S diastereomer.
5. A compound selected from the group consisting of 1-methylidene-2-(2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane; (3S)-1-debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2'-acetate; 1-methylidene-2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxy-phenyl)methyl-3,3-dimethylcyclohexane; (3S)-1-debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2'-methylcarbonate;
(3R,SR)-5-hydroxycyclocymopol monomethyl ether; 2-(4'-nitrophenyl)methylcyclohexanone; (3S)-1-debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether; 1-methylidene-6-(2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene; 1-methylidene-6-(4'-nitrophenyl)methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene; (3R)-1-debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether; 1-methylidene-6-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene; 1-methylidene-6-(2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene; 1-methylidene-6-(3'-methyl-4'-nitrophenyl)methyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene;
trans-1-methylidene-6-(2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-4,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene; 1-methylidene-2-(4'-bromophenyl)methyl-3,3-dimethyl-cyclohexane; 1-methylidene-2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,3-dimethylcyclopentane; 1-methylidene-2-(4'-nitrophenyl)methylcyclohexane; (3R)-1-debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2'-methylcarbonate;
1-methylidene-2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxy-phenyl)methylcyclohexane; (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2'-methylcarbonate; (3R)-1-debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2'-benzoate; and (3R)-4'-iodocyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
(3R,SR)-5-hydroxycyclocymopol monomethyl ether; 2-(4'-nitrophenyl)methylcyclohexanone; (3S)-1-debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether; 1-methylidene-6-(2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene; 1-methylidene-6-(4'-nitrophenyl)methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene; (3R)-1-debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether; 1-methylidene-6-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene; 1-methylidene-6-(2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene; 1-methylidene-6-(3'-methyl-4'-nitrophenyl)methyl-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-ene;
trans-1-methylidene-6-(2'-acetoxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-4,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene; 1-methylidene-2-(4'-bromophenyl)methyl-3,3-dimethyl-cyclohexane; 1-methylidene-2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxyphenyl)methyl-3,3-dimethylcyclopentane; 1-methylidene-2-(4'-nitrophenyl)methylcyclohexane; (3R)-1-debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2'-methylcarbonate;
1-methylidene-2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-bromo-5'-methoxy-phenyl)methylcyclohexane; (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2'-methylcarbonate; (3R)-1-debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2'-benzoate; and (3R)-4'-iodocyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
6. (3S)-1-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2'-acetate.
7. 1-Methylidene-6-(4'-nitrophenyl)methyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-ene.
8. (3R)-1-Debromocyclocymopol mvnomethyl ether.
9. (3R)-1-Debromocyclocymopol monomethyl ether,2'-benzoate.
10. A ligand-receptor complex formed by binding of a compound of claim 1 to a progesterone receptor.
11. A ligand-receptor complex formed by binding a compound of claim 5 to a progesterone receptor.
12. A diastereomerically pure 3R diastereomer of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
13. A diastereomerically purified 3R diastereomer of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether having a purity such that said purified (3R)-cyclocymopol monomethyl ether exhibits activity as a progesterone receptor antagonist despite the presence of any remaining 3S diastereomer of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
14. A pharmacological composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle and one or more WO 93/21145 PCT/US93/039?
compounds from the group consisting of the compounds of claim 1, cyclocymopol, and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
compounds from the group consisting of the compounds of claim 1, cyclocymopol, and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
15. A pharmacological composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle and one or more compounds of claim 5.
16. A method of purifying a diastereomer of a compound of claim 1, cyclocymopol, or cyclocymopol monomethyl ether, comprising converting said diastereomer to an acetate and separating the diastereomeric acetate.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the separation is carried out using HPLC.
18. A method of affecting progesterone activity comprising the in vivo administration of a compound from the group consisting of the compounds of claim 1, cyclocymopol, and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
19. A method for treating a mammalian subject requiring progesterone receptor antagonist therapy comprising administering to such subject a pharma-ceutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1.
20. A method for treating a mammalian subject requiring progesterone receptor antagonist therapy comprising administering to such subject a pharma-ceutically effective amount of the 3R diastereomer of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether or of cyclocymopol.
21. A method for treating a mammalian subject requiring progesterone receptor agonist therapy comprising administering to such subject a pharmaceutically effective amount of the 3S diastereomer of cyclocymopol monomethyl ether or of cyclocymopol.
22. A method for modulating a process mediated by progesterone receptors comprising causing said process to be conducted in the presence of at least one compound as set forth in claim 1.
23. A method for modulating a process mediated by progesterone receptors comprising causing said process to be conducted in the presence of at least one compound from the group consisting of cyclocymopol and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
24. A method for modulating a process mediated by progesterone receptors comprising administering to a mammalian subject an amount, effective to moderate said process mediated by said progesterone receptors, of a compound of claim 1.
25. A method for modulating a process mediated by progesterone receptors comprising administering to a mammalian subject an amount, effective to moderate said process mediated by said progesterone receptors, of at least one compound from the group consisting of cyclocymopol and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether.
26. A method for determining the presence of one or more progesterone receptors comprising combining at least one compound from the group consisting of the compounds of claim 1, cyclocymopol, and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether with a sample containing one or more unknown receptors and determining whether said compound binds to any receptor in said sample.
27. A method of purifying progesterone receptors comprising combining at least one compound from the group consisting of the compounds of claim 1, cyclocymopol, and cyclocymopol monomethyl ether with a sample containing progesterone receptors, allowing said compound to bind WO 93/21145 PCT/US93/039?
said progesterone receptors, and separating out the bound combination of said compound and said progesterone receptors.
said progesterone receptors, and separating out the bound combination of said compound and said progesterone receptors.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US87271092A | 1992-04-21 | 1992-04-21 | |
| US07/872,710 | 1992-04-21 | ||
| US4864693A | 1993-04-16 | 1993-04-16 | |
| US08/048,646 | 1993-04-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2133325A1 true CA2133325A1 (en) | 1993-10-28 |
Family
ID=26726365
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002133325A Abandoned CA2133325A1 (en) | 1992-04-21 | 1993-04-21 | Non-steroid progesterone receptor agonist and antagonist compounds and methods |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0637296A4 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4117093A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2133325A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9302312A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993021145A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5677336A (en) * | 1993-10-21 | 1997-10-14 | Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Non-steroid androgen receptor antagonist compounds and methods |
| ZA9510926B (en) | 1994-12-23 | 1996-07-03 | Schering Ag | Compounds with progesterone-antagonistic and antiestrogenic action to be used together for female contraception |
| SG11202110742TA (en) | 2019-04-02 | 2021-10-28 | Aligos Therapeutics Inc | Compounds targeting prmt5 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH491172A (en) * | 1967-02-10 | 1970-05-31 | Sandoz Ag | Process for the preparation of anthraquinone dyes |
| US5135940A (en) * | 1982-09-23 | 1992-08-04 | Merck Frosst Canada, Inc. | Leukotriene antagonists |
| JPS6287556A (en) * | 1985-10-14 | 1987-04-22 | Chisso Corp | Ester compound |
| US5071773A (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1991-12-10 | The Salk Institute For Biological Studies | Hormone receptor-related bioassays |
| US4981784A (en) * | 1987-12-02 | 1991-01-01 | The Salk Institute For Biological Studies | Retinoic acid receptor method |
| US5017610A (en) * | 1988-06-13 | 1991-05-21 | Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Derivatives of p-substituted phenyl ester of pivalic acid |
| DE3903988A1 (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1990-08-30 | Basf Ag | OXIDIZED DIPHENYLHETEROALKANES, THEIR PREPARATION AND USE |
| US5134155A (en) * | 1991-08-08 | 1992-07-28 | Ortho Pharmaceutical Corporation | Tetrahydroindazole, tetrahydrocyclopentapyrazole, and hexahydrocycloheptapyrazole compounds and their use as HMG-coA reductase inhibitors |
-
1993
- 1993-04-21 EP EP93910811A patent/EP0637296A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-04-21 WO PCT/US1993/003909 patent/WO1993021145A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-04-21 MX MX9302312A patent/MX9302312A/en unknown
- 1993-04-21 AU AU41170/93A patent/AU4117093A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-04-21 CA CA002133325A patent/CA2133325A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX9302312A (en) | 1994-06-30 |
| EP0637296A1 (en) | 1995-02-08 |
| WO1993021145A1 (en) | 1993-10-28 |
| EP0637296A4 (en) | 1996-02-07 |
| AU4117093A (en) | 1993-11-18 |
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