CA2132648A1 - Process and apparatus for treating a web of paper - Google Patents
Process and apparatus for treating a web of paperInfo
- Publication number
- CA2132648A1 CA2132648A1 CA002132648A CA2132648A CA2132648A1 CA 2132648 A1 CA2132648 A1 CA 2132648A1 CA 002132648 A CA002132648 A CA 002132648A CA 2132648 A CA2132648 A CA 2132648A CA 2132648 A1 CA2132648 A1 CA 2132648A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- paper web
- drying
- roller gap
- paper
- process according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
- D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
- D21G1/0073—Accessories for calenders
- D21G1/0093—Web conditioning devices
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
- D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Replacement Of Web Rolls (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A process for treating a paper web includes passing the paper web through at least one roller gap. The paper web is dried by a drying device after the paper web has passed through the at least one roller gap. The paper web, after the drying step, is passed through at least one additional roller gap.
A process for treating a paper web includes passing the paper web through at least one roller gap. The paper web is dried by a drying device after the paper web has passed through the at least one roller gap. The paper web, after the drying step, is passed through at least one additional roller gap.
Description
DOCKET NO. 1955/OA223 ', S
PROCESS AND APPAR~TUS FOR
TREATING A WEB OF PAPER
~IELD OF lH~; INYENTION
The present invention is directed to a process and apparatus for treating a --web of paper material. More speci~lcally, thepresent invention is directed to a process and apparatus that includes at least two rollers gaps disposed along the path of a paper web and a drying device disposed along the path of the paper web between the at least -two roller gaps.
,. , BACKGROU~ OF TEIE INVENlION ~-D~-PS 34 27 967 discloses a web of paper material having a high degree of - -moisture which runs through a roller gap of a calender. The calender can be, forexample, a compression or a glazing calender. A drying device is used to reduce the moisture in the paper web after the web has passed through the calender, thereby lowering 25 the moisture content to a desired value. The high moisture content in the paper web in conjunction with the pressure occuning in the roller gap results in highly compressed paper, e.g., silicon raw paper or thick vellum paper, which has relatively good properties in volumetric weight, porosity, transpaTency and smoothness. While the smoothness .,.. ".,., ~ ...... ..
property is reduced by the post drying step, this procedure still provides better results than 30 conventional procedures where paper is dried solely by controlling the temperature of the calender rollers. Additionally, it should be noted that if the smoothness quality of the paper is not an important factor, the line pressure in the roller gaps can be reduced and , '~
thus, a lower compression is achieved.
SUMMARY OF T~IE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to prepare a paper web having the best S possible smoothness qua]ity while simultaneously reducing the compression in the roller gaps.
The present invention achieves this object with an apparatus which process-es a paper web by passing the paper web through at least one roller gap, then drying the paper web in a drying device, and then passing the paper web through at least one more 10 roller gap.
Because the drying step is not achieved after passing through all of the roller gaps, but is disposed intermediate of the roller gaps, the disadvantages norrnally associated with drying, namely, a resurrection (i.e., an expansion and lifting) of the paper fibers, which results in a reduction of the lustre and smoothness of the paper, are 15 eliminated by pressing the paper web in at least one more roller gap. While there is less improvement in the smoothness quality of the paper web in the roller gap treatments following the drying step than those treatments before the drying step, the final result is still a paper product which has a high degree of smoothness.
Alternatively, one can produce a paper web having a smoothness quality - 20 which meets conventional requiremlents by using a lower compression in the roller gap by reducing the line pressure. An additional advantage of the intermediate drying step of the present invention is tha~ one can achieve a strong reduction of the moisture and observe a relatively strong resu~ection of the paper fibers, yet these fibers will flatten out in the subsequent pressing step(s). The present invention therefore permits working with very 25 high moisture content in the paper web in the roller gaps, which are coMected in series, without having to keep the rollers themselves at a high temperature. Accord;ngly, elastic rollers with lower temperature resistant asbestos-substitute coverings can be used instead of asbestos coverings, the use of which are no longer permitted in most countries.
All of these advantages of the present invention are even more important 30 when the drying device is coupled to only one subsequent roller gap. This one subsequent c.~ , , . . . . , , ,, ,,,, , . , " , ~ ", ,,"," ,,,, " , ,,,, ",~, , , " ",. .. .
r roller gap is sufficient, as a rule, to flatten the fibers which have been raised during the drying step.
Further features of the present invention permit the drying effect of the paper web to be changed in a direction transverse to a paper moving direction (i.e., across 5 the width of the paper~, thereby selectively varying the amount of reduction of the moisture in zones across the paper web.
Additional features of the present invention permit for the measurement of various properties such as the moisture content, lustre and/or smoothness across the entire width of the paper. Deviations from a preferred prof~e can be corrected by proper 10 control of a plurality of individually controlled drying elements.
Still further features of the present invention include a suction device being provided in the drying device, so that the stearn created during drying does not settle as ~
condensate on thepaper web. ~ ;
The d3:ying can be accomplished, for exa nple, by radiation heat transfer, ~;
15 convection heat transfer, or by conduction heat transfer by disposing a heating line in a plurality of heated rollers which come into contact with the paper web. Regardless of the drying method used, the drying device is designed to permit an intensive heat transfer :
without exerting pressure on the paper web. -:
An embodiment of the present invention which includes the drying device 20 being disposed in the paper path between the second lowest roller g~p and the lowest roller gap has the advantage that the highest line pressure can exist in the lowest roller gap. The reduction of the moisture is achieved by the drying equipment, which isconnected in series to the roller gaps. The drying equipment creates only a small loss in smoothness in the paper gap due to the use of the lowest roller gap which has the highest 25 line pressure.
An embodiment of the present invention where the drying device is disposed at the same height as the second lowest roller gap and the paper web is returned to the lowest roller gap below the drying device per nits the paper web to dry further in the atmosphere for a predetermined period of time, so that a further evaporation of the 30 heated paper web can take place before the paper web is processed in the last roller gap.
, .
. - .... . .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF T~E DRAWINGS
The above and still further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description of a specific embodiment thereof, especially when taken in conjunction with the accompany-5 ing drawings wherein like reference numerals in the various figures are utilized todesignate like components, and wherein:
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for processing a paper web according to the present invention; and Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a measuring station and a dryer according 10 to the present invention.
` DETAILED DESCRIPl'ION OF T~E PRESENT INVENTION
Referring now to Fig. 1, a web of paper material 1 that is to be processed is unwound from roll 2. The paper web 1 passes through a glazing calender 3, a drying 15 device 4, a measuring station 10 and is then wound up on a take-up roll 5. The glazing calender 3 includes a vertical stack of hard rollers 6 and a vertical stack of soft rollers 7.
Hard rollers 6 can be made of, for exarnple, steel. Soft rollers are preferably lined with a cover that is made from asbestos-substitutes. Roller gaps 8 are formed between adjacent rollers and the paper web 1 is guided through the roller gaps 8 by lead rollers 9.
As iUustrated in Fig. 1, paper web 1 exits horizontally from the second lowest roller gap 8a and runs horizontally along path la through drying device 4. The paper web 1 returns to the lowermost roller gap 8b via a second horizontally disposed path lb which is disposed below drying device 4. The finished paper web 1 then runs through measuring station 10. Measuring station 10 includes a sensor 11 which can move 25 back and forth over the entire width of paper web 1 to measure a variety of web proper-ties such as moisture, lustre and/or smoothness. Sensor 11 transfers a signal representing hese properties to a regulator 13 through an inlet port 12. The preferred properties are input to regulator 13 through a second inlet port 14. The proper control signals are then determined by regulator 13 and forwarded to drying device 4 from exit port 15.
Drying device 4 includes several drying elements 16 which are disposed ..
i - - - '~ - , j d ~
adjacent to one another. The drying action of each element 16 can be controlled indepen-dently from one another. One could therefore dry some sections of web 1 more so than others, and change the moisture, lustre and smoothness properties of web 1. Drying device 4 also has a suction device 17 to remove steam created during the drying process.
5 The drying process can take place, for example, by blowing hot air through an infrared radiation heater, by disposing a heating line in a plurality of heated rollers or by any other method that is known in the art.
In operation, a web of paper material 1 having a high degree of moisture content, e.g., 20%, enters into glazing calender 3 from take-off roll 2. Web 1 runs 10 through several roller gaps 8, except for the lowermost roller gap 8b, and produces a paper having a relatively good smoothness property. A further improvement in the paper smoothness can be seen when at least one part of the hard rollers 6 is heated and/or when the covering of the soft rollers 7 is heated. This improvement in paper smoothness is due to the change in the elasticity of the paper web 1 as its temperature increases. The drying 15 device 4 reduces the relatively high moisture content in the paper web 1 to substantially the desired value, e.g., to 5%. However, drying device 4 causes the fibers of the paper web 1 to rise, at least partially, on their surface. For this reason, the present invention requires that a further pressure treatment take place in the lowest roller gap 8b. This pressure treatment occurs with reduced moisture and is suffilcient to produce the desired 20 high smoothness.
Variations from the illustrated design examples are possible in many respects, without changing the basic concept of the invention. For example, the paper can be treated in several successive compact calen~ers, and the drying device can be disposed at the end of the treatment steps, yet still, in any case before the paper web is pressure 25 treated in the last roller gap.
Having described the presently preferred exemplary embodiment of a process and apparatus for treating a web of paper material in accordance with the present invention, it is believed that other modifications, variations and changes will be suggested to those sldlled in the art in view of the teachings set forth herein. It is, therefore, to be 30 understood that all such variations, modifications, and changes are believed to fall within ~ . - . - ." ,; ~`c~
the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
I
PROCESS AND APPAR~TUS FOR
TREATING A WEB OF PAPER
~IELD OF lH~; INYENTION
The present invention is directed to a process and apparatus for treating a --web of paper material. More speci~lcally, thepresent invention is directed to a process and apparatus that includes at least two rollers gaps disposed along the path of a paper web and a drying device disposed along the path of the paper web between the at least -two roller gaps.
,. , BACKGROU~ OF TEIE INVENlION ~-D~-PS 34 27 967 discloses a web of paper material having a high degree of - -moisture which runs through a roller gap of a calender. The calender can be, forexample, a compression or a glazing calender. A drying device is used to reduce the moisture in the paper web after the web has passed through the calender, thereby lowering 25 the moisture content to a desired value. The high moisture content in the paper web in conjunction with the pressure occuning in the roller gap results in highly compressed paper, e.g., silicon raw paper or thick vellum paper, which has relatively good properties in volumetric weight, porosity, transpaTency and smoothness. While the smoothness .,.. ".,., ~ ...... ..
property is reduced by the post drying step, this procedure still provides better results than 30 conventional procedures where paper is dried solely by controlling the temperature of the calender rollers. Additionally, it should be noted that if the smoothness quality of the paper is not an important factor, the line pressure in the roller gaps can be reduced and , '~
thus, a lower compression is achieved.
SUMMARY OF T~IE INVENTION
An object of the present invention is to prepare a paper web having the best S possible smoothness qua]ity while simultaneously reducing the compression in the roller gaps.
The present invention achieves this object with an apparatus which process-es a paper web by passing the paper web through at least one roller gap, then drying the paper web in a drying device, and then passing the paper web through at least one more 10 roller gap.
Because the drying step is not achieved after passing through all of the roller gaps, but is disposed intermediate of the roller gaps, the disadvantages norrnally associated with drying, namely, a resurrection (i.e., an expansion and lifting) of the paper fibers, which results in a reduction of the lustre and smoothness of the paper, are 15 eliminated by pressing the paper web in at least one more roller gap. While there is less improvement in the smoothness quality of the paper web in the roller gap treatments following the drying step than those treatments before the drying step, the final result is still a paper product which has a high degree of smoothness.
Alternatively, one can produce a paper web having a smoothness quality - 20 which meets conventional requiremlents by using a lower compression in the roller gap by reducing the line pressure. An additional advantage of the intermediate drying step of the present invention is tha~ one can achieve a strong reduction of the moisture and observe a relatively strong resu~ection of the paper fibers, yet these fibers will flatten out in the subsequent pressing step(s). The present invention therefore permits working with very 25 high moisture content in the paper web in the roller gaps, which are coMected in series, without having to keep the rollers themselves at a high temperature. Accord;ngly, elastic rollers with lower temperature resistant asbestos-substitute coverings can be used instead of asbestos coverings, the use of which are no longer permitted in most countries.
All of these advantages of the present invention are even more important 30 when the drying device is coupled to only one subsequent roller gap. This one subsequent c.~ , , . . . . , , ,, ,,,, , . , " , ~ ", ,,"," ,,,, " , ,,,, ",~, , , " ",. .. .
r roller gap is sufficient, as a rule, to flatten the fibers which have been raised during the drying step.
Further features of the present invention permit the drying effect of the paper web to be changed in a direction transverse to a paper moving direction (i.e., across 5 the width of the paper~, thereby selectively varying the amount of reduction of the moisture in zones across the paper web.
Additional features of the present invention permit for the measurement of various properties such as the moisture content, lustre and/or smoothness across the entire width of the paper. Deviations from a preferred prof~e can be corrected by proper 10 control of a plurality of individually controlled drying elements.
Still further features of the present invention include a suction device being provided in the drying device, so that the stearn created during drying does not settle as ~
condensate on thepaper web. ~ ;
The d3:ying can be accomplished, for exa nple, by radiation heat transfer, ~;
15 convection heat transfer, or by conduction heat transfer by disposing a heating line in a plurality of heated rollers which come into contact with the paper web. Regardless of the drying method used, the drying device is designed to permit an intensive heat transfer :
without exerting pressure on the paper web. -:
An embodiment of the present invention which includes the drying device 20 being disposed in the paper path between the second lowest roller g~p and the lowest roller gap has the advantage that the highest line pressure can exist in the lowest roller gap. The reduction of the moisture is achieved by the drying equipment, which isconnected in series to the roller gaps. The drying equipment creates only a small loss in smoothness in the paper gap due to the use of the lowest roller gap which has the highest 25 line pressure.
An embodiment of the present invention where the drying device is disposed at the same height as the second lowest roller gap and the paper web is returned to the lowest roller gap below the drying device per nits the paper web to dry further in the atmosphere for a predetermined period of time, so that a further evaporation of the 30 heated paper web can take place before the paper web is processed in the last roller gap.
, .
. - .... . .
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF T~E DRAWINGS
The above and still further objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description of a specific embodiment thereof, especially when taken in conjunction with the accompany-5 ing drawings wherein like reference numerals in the various figures are utilized todesignate like components, and wherein:
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for processing a paper web according to the present invention; and Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a measuring station and a dryer according 10 to the present invention.
` DETAILED DESCRIPl'ION OF T~E PRESENT INVENTION
Referring now to Fig. 1, a web of paper material 1 that is to be processed is unwound from roll 2. The paper web 1 passes through a glazing calender 3, a drying 15 device 4, a measuring station 10 and is then wound up on a take-up roll 5. The glazing calender 3 includes a vertical stack of hard rollers 6 and a vertical stack of soft rollers 7.
Hard rollers 6 can be made of, for exarnple, steel. Soft rollers are preferably lined with a cover that is made from asbestos-substitutes. Roller gaps 8 are formed between adjacent rollers and the paper web 1 is guided through the roller gaps 8 by lead rollers 9.
As iUustrated in Fig. 1, paper web 1 exits horizontally from the second lowest roller gap 8a and runs horizontally along path la through drying device 4. The paper web 1 returns to the lowermost roller gap 8b via a second horizontally disposed path lb which is disposed below drying device 4. The finished paper web 1 then runs through measuring station 10. Measuring station 10 includes a sensor 11 which can move 25 back and forth over the entire width of paper web 1 to measure a variety of web proper-ties such as moisture, lustre and/or smoothness. Sensor 11 transfers a signal representing hese properties to a regulator 13 through an inlet port 12. The preferred properties are input to regulator 13 through a second inlet port 14. The proper control signals are then determined by regulator 13 and forwarded to drying device 4 from exit port 15.
Drying device 4 includes several drying elements 16 which are disposed ..
i - - - '~ - , j d ~
adjacent to one another. The drying action of each element 16 can be controlled indepen-dently from one another. One could therefore dry some sections of web 1 more so than others, and change the moisture, lustre and smoothness properties of web 1. Drying device 4 also has a suction device 17 to remove steam created during the drying process.
5 The drying process can take place, for example, by blowing hot air through an infrared radiation heater, by disposing a heating line in a plurality of heated rollers or by any other method that is known in the art.
In operation, a web of paper material 1 having a high degree of moisture content, e.g., 20%, enters into glazing calender 3 from take-off roll 2. Web 1 runs 10 through several roller gaps 8, except for the lowermost roller gap 8b, and produces a paper having a relatively good smoothness property. A further improvement in the paper smoothness can be seen when at least one part of the hard rollers 6 is heated and/or when the covering of the soft rollers 7 is heated. This improvement in paper smoothness is due to the change in the elasticity of the paper web 1 as its temperature increases. The drying 15 device 4 reduces the relatively high moisture content in the paper web 1 to substantially the desired value, e.g., to 5%. However, drying device 4 causes the fibers of the paper web 1 to rise, at least partially, on their surface. For this reason, the present invention requires that a further pressure treatment take place in the lowest roller gap 8b. This pressure treatment occurs with reduced moisture and is suffilcient to produce the desired 20 high smoothness.
Variations from the illustrated design examples are possible in many respects, without changing the basic concept of the invention. For example, the paper can be treated in several successive compact calen~ers, and the drying device can be disposed at the end of the treatment steps, yet still, in any case before the paper web is pressure 25 treated in the last roller gap.
Having described the presently preferred exemplary embodiment of a process and apparatus for treating a web of paper material in accordance with the present invention, it is believed that other modifications, variations and changes will be suggested to those sldlled in the art in view of the teachings set forth herein. It is, therefore, to be 30 understood that all such variations, modifications, and changes are believed to fall within ~ . - . - ." ,; ~`c~
the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
I
Claims (14)
1. A process for treating a paper web comprising the steps of:
passing the paper web through at least one roller gap;
drying the paper web after the paper web has passed through the at least one roller gap; and passing the paper web, after the drying step, through at least one additional roller gap.
passing the paper web through at least one roller gap;
drying the paper web after the paper web has passed through the at least one roller gap; and passing the paper web, after the drying step, through at least one additional roller gap.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the paper web passes through only one additional roller gap after the drying step.
3. The process according to claim 2, wherein the drying step is selectively controlled in zones over a width of the paper web.
4. The process according to claim 3, further including the steps of sensing and measuring at least one property of the paper web and controlling the drying step in response to the at least one measured property of the paper web.
5. The process according to claim 4, further including the step of removing steam that is created during the drying step by suction.
6. The process according to claim 5, wherein the drying step is achieved by radiation heat transfer.
7. The process according to claim 5, wherein the drying step is achieved by convection heat transfer.
8. The process according to claim 5, wherein the drying step is achieved by conduction heat transfer by a plurality of heating lines disposed in a plurality of heating rollers.
9. An apparatus for treating a paper web comprising:
a paper web path;
at least two roller gaps disposed along said path such that said paper web passes through said at least two roller gaps; and a drying device having means for drying said paper web, said drying device being disposed along said path between said at least two roller gaps.
a paper web path;
at least two roller gaps disposed along said path such that said paper web passes through said at least two roller gaps; and a drying device having means for drying said paper web, said drying device being disposed along said path between said at least two roller gaps.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said drying device includes a plurality of drying elements, said plurality of drying elements each being independently controlled and being distributed over a width of said paper web.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10, further including a sensor being disposed along said path adjacent to said paper web, said sensor measuring at least one property of said paper web, a control device being operatively connected to said sensor, said control device controlling the actuation of said plurality of drying elements in response to the measured value of said at least one property measured by said sensor.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein said drying device includes a steam suction device.
13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said at least two roller gaps are created by a stack of vertical rollers, said drying device being disposed in said path between a second lowest roller gap and a lowest roller gap.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said drying device is disposed at substantially the same height as said second lowest roller gap, said paper web being directed to said lowest roller gap after returning below said drying device.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4335053.4 | 1993-10-14 | ||
| DE4335053A DE4335053A1 (en) | 1993-10-14 | 1993-10-14 | Method and device for finishing a paper web |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2132648A1 true CA2132648A1 (en) | 1995-04-15 |
Family
ID=6500152
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002132648A Abandoned CA2132648A1 (en) | 1993-10-14 | 1994-09-22 | Process and apparatus for treating a web of paper |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0648893B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07150498A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE140047T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2132648A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4335053A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI944799A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5943787A (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 1999-08-31 | Valmet Corporation | Web finishing section in a paper machine |
| US6076281A (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 2000-06-20 | Valmet Corporation | Web finishing section in a paper machine |
| FI102093B1 (en) * | 1997-03-03 | 1998-10-15 | Valmet Corp | The finishing process unit for the web in a paper machine |
| US7086525B2 (en) | 1999-09-23 | 2006-08-08 | Stewart Systems, Inc. | Conveyor for continuous proofing and baking apparatus |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE94232C (en) * | ||||
| GB960933A (en) * | 1962-01-22 | 1964-06-17 | Clupak Inc | Glazed uncreped extensible paper |
| US3647618A (en) * | 1969-08-18 | 1972-03-07 | Crown Zellerbach Corp | Method and apparatus for improving formation uniformity of paper |
| DE3427967C2 (en) * | 1984-07-28 | 1986-07-24 | Kämmerer GmbH, 4500 Osnabrück | Process for finishing paper and apparatus for carrying out the process |
| JP2646428B2 (en) * | 1986-03-10 | 1997-08-27 | コンソリデイテイド―バサースト インコーポレイテッド | Papermaking method |
| JPH01183595A (en) * | 1988-01-11 | 1989-07-21 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | Supercalendering of coated paper |
| JPH01183592A (en) * | 1988-01-18 | 1989-07-21 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Controller for moisture content profile in dryer |
| US5045342A (en) * | 1989-01-27 | 1991-09-03 | Measurex Corporation | Independent heat moisture control system for gloss optimization |
| JPH02264095A (en) * | 1989-04-04 | 1990-10-26 | Ebara Corp | Hood equipment for dryer of paper-making machine |
| JPH03120539A (en) * | 1989-10-03 | 1991-05-22 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Base for photographic paper |
| DE4023871A1 (en) * | 1990-07-27 | 1992-02-06 | Voith Gmbh J M | DEVICE FOR DRAINING CONDENSATE FROM A STEAM-HEATED DRY CYLINDER |
| DE4126233C1 (en) * | 1991-08-08 | 1992-09-17 | Sulzer-Escher Wyss Gmbh, 7980 Ravensburg, De |
-
1993
- 1993-10-14 DE DE4335053A patent/DE4335053A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-08-13 AT AT94112691T patent/ATE140047T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-08-13 EP EP94112691A patent/EP0648893B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-13 DE DE59400398T patent/DE59400398D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-22 CA CA002132648A patent/CA2132648A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-10-12 JP JP6245877A patent/JPH07150498A/en active Pending
- 1994-10-12 FI FI944799A patent/FI944799A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0648893A1 (en) | 1995-04-19 |
| FI944799A (en) | 1995-04-15 |
| EP0648893B1 (en) | 1996-07-03 |
| DE4335053A1 (en) | 1995-04-20 |
| ATE140047T1 (en) | 1996-07-15 |
| FI944799A0 (en) | 1994-10-12 |
| DE59400398D1 (en) | 1996-08-08 |
| JPH07150498A (en) | 1995-06-13 |
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| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |