CA2130582A1 - Flap valve assembly for trigger sprayer - Google Patents
Flap valve assembly for trigger sprayerInfo
- Publication number
- CA2130582A1 CA2130582A1 CA002130582A CA2130582A CA2130582A1 CA 2130582 A1 CA2130582 A1 CA 2130582A1 CA 002130582 A CA002130582 A CA 002130582A CA 2130582 A CA2130582 A CA 2130582A CA 2130582 A1 CA2130582 A1 CA 2130582A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- cylinder
- back wall
- pumping mechanism
- trigger
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/0005—Components or details
- B05B11/0027—Means for neutralising the actuation of the sprayer ; Means for preventing access to the sprayer actuation means
- B05B11/0029—Valves not actuated by pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/1001—Piston pumps
- B05B11/1009—Piston pumps actuated by a lever
- B05B11/1011—Piston pumps actuated by a lever without substantial movement of the nozzle in the direction of the pressure stroke
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/1042—Components or details
- B05B11/1043—Sealing or attachment arrangements between pump and container
- B05B11/1045—Sealing or attachment arrangements between pump and container the pump being preassembled as an independent unit before being mounted on the container
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/1042—Components or details
- B05B11/1061—Pump priming means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/1042—Components or details
- B05B11/1073—Springs
- B05B11/1074—Springs located outside pump chambers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B11/00—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use
- B05B11/01—Single-unit hand-held apparatus in which flow of contents is produced by the muscular force of the operator at the moment of use characterised by the means producing the flow
- B05B11/10—Pump arrangements for transferring the contents from the container to a pump chamber by a sucking effect and forcing the contents out through the dispensing nozzle
- B05B11/1042—Components or details
- B05B11/1073—Springs
- B05B11/1077—Springs characterised by a particular shape or material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
- B05B15/60—Arrangements for mounting, supporting or holding spraying apparatus
- B05B15/68—Arrangements for adjusting the position of spray heads
Abstract
The trigger operated pumping mechanism (49) for a fluid dispensing device (10) comprises: a body (14) having a hollow cylinder (48) therein for receiving a piston (42), the hollow cylinder (48) extending to a fixed back wall (326) in the body (14), the cylinder (48) having a fluid inlet valve (330) and a fluid outlet valve (336) associated with the back wall (326); the valves (330 and 336) being pressure controlled; the inlet and outlet valves (330 and 336) are first and second plastic flap valves (330 and 336) which are each positioned opposite an opening (332 and 334) in or adjacent to the back wall (326) of the cylinder (48) and by making the remaining space between the back wall (326) and the movable wall (328) at the end of the ejection stroke of the piston (42) as small as possible, thereby to facilitate the creation of high vacuum and high pressure during intake and ejection strokes of the piston (42) and to facilitate priming with a minimum of strokes.
Description
J 03 Rec'd PCT/P~O 1 9 AUG 1993 F~AP VAI trE ASSEM8LY FOR TRIaaER SPRAYE~
8ACKaROUND OF T~E INV~NTION
1. Fielt o~ the I~vention.
The present invention relates to a trigger operated 5 dispen~ing device for mounting to the top neck of a storage container. Although such devices, known a~ trigger sprayers, can be reused, often times they are dl~posed of.
The trigger sprayex includes a body, and a pumping mechanism comprislng a trigger movably mounted to the body, a 10 piston releasably coupled to the trigger and a cylinder in the body for recelving the plston for pumping 1uid and defining a pumping chamber. The cylinder extends to a S~xed bac~ wall in the body, whereby the space between the b~ck wal~ and the inner end of the movable piston defines a variable volume pumping 15 chamber. The cylinder has a fluid inlet valve and a fluid outlet valve as~oclated with the back wall;
The volume of the pumping chamber at the end of an ejection stroke of the piston is made a~ small as possible by maklng the inlet and out~let valves as first and second plastic 20 flap valves.
8ACKaROUND OF T~E INV~NTION
1. Fielt o~ the I~vention.
The present invention relates to a trigger operated 5 dispen~ing device for mounting to the top neck of a storage container. Although such devices, known a~ trigger sprayers, can be reused, often times they are dl~posed of.
The trigger sprayex includes a body, and a pumping mechanism comprislng a trigger movably mounted to the body, a 10 piston releasably coupled to the trigger and a cylinder in the body for recelving the plston for pumping 1uid and defining a pumping chamber. The cylinder extends to a S~xed bac~ wall in the body, whereby the space between the b~ck wal~ and the inner end of the movable piston defines a variable volume pumping 15 chamber. The cylinder has a fluid inlet valve and a fluid outlet valve as~oclated with the back wall;
The volume of the pumping chamber at the end of an ejection stroke of the piston is made a~ small as possible by maklng the inlet and out~let valves as first and second plastic 20 flap valves.
2. D-~criptlon o~ Th- Prior ~rt.
Example~ of previously proposed trigger sprayers having flap type valves ant ~ome being non piston type trigger sprayers whlch do not appear to have metal parts are disclosed 25 ln the follow~ng patentss U.~. Patent No. Pa~e~tee 4,819,835 Tasaki 4,618,077 Corsette 4,241,852 Paul~ et al.
4,235,353 Capra et al.
- 4,225,061 Blake et al.
4,201,317 Aleff 4,}55,487 Blake 3,973,700 Schmidt et al.
8UMMARY OF ~ INV~NT~ON
The pre~ent invention relate~ to a pumping mechani~m for a trigger operated fluid dispenslng device, e.g. trigger 40 sprayer, for pumping fluid from a Qtorage container into a .
discharge end of the di~pensing device. The pumping mechanism ; -substitute s~eet-:
. 9~ O~
2 03 Rec'd PC~r,~ 1 9 AUG 1993 includes a chambex within the body of the trigger ~prayer, a piston and two flap valves as~ociated with an internal back wall of the chamber. The flap valves are normally closed and pressure controlled to ensure a quick filling and emptying of 5 the collection chamber.
During the fluid intake stroke, a vacuum inside the collection chamber opens an inlet flap valve and sucks fluid rom the container via an inlet opening into the collection chamber. During the fluid ejectlon stro~e the pre~sure inside 10 the collection chamber closes the fluid inlet flap valve and forces open a fluid outlet flap valve associated with the integral back wall to ~orce the fluid through an outlet opening and a discharge passageway into the atmo~phere.
BllSl~F D~SCRSPTION OF THE DR~WIN~
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a trigger ~prayer constructed according to the teaching~ of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explodet per~pective view of the trigger 20 sprayer shown in FIG. 1 and shows a locking ring prior to its detachment from a cylindrical base of the sprayer body~
FIG. 3 i~ a vertical ~ectional view of the trigger sprayer in its at re~t position where a spring between a trtgger and the ~p~ayer body biases the trigger and a piston rod coupled 25 thereto to the st outward position.
FIG. 4 is a vertical sectio~al view of the trigger ~prayer s~mll~r to the view hown in FIG. 3 but showing the trigger fully depre-~-d.
. . , DF8CR~Pr~ON OF T~F;PREF~R~D EM~ODIM~NT~8) Referring now to the drawings in greater detail, there is illu~trated in, FIG. 1l a per~pect~ve ,riew of an all synthetic/pla~tlc trigger sprayer 10 coupled to a bottle 12.
An exploded per~pective view of the parts of the trigger ~prayer 10 i9 shown in mor- detail in FIG. 2.
The triqger ~pray-r 10 include~ a body 14, a nose bushing 16 at a di~charge end 18 of the body 14, a nozzle tamper proof pull away piec- ~20,~ a top portion 22 and a hand gripping -~ubstitute sheet-PC, . . 9 3 / 0 2 0 ~ 8 f~ ` ~3 Re~'d Pî,T/~.~ 1 9 AUG 1993 formation 24 extending rearwardly from the top portion 22 of the body 14 and then downwardly to a cylindrical base 26 of the body 14. The base 26 i9 held by a lockin~ ring 28 to a neek 30 of the bottle 12.
A trigger 32 having a front side 31 i8 pivetally mounted to the body 14 by having two eylindrieal pin~ 34, molded on the top end of two opposed side walls 36 of the trigger 32, in~erted into two eorre~ponding holes 38 in the body 14 of the trigger sprayer 10.
As ~hown in P~G. 2, a plastie spring assembly 40 is pla~ed between the body 14 and the trigger 32 to urge the trigger 32 always baek into it~ home position. Coupled to the trigger 32 is a piston 42 having an outer piston rod 44 whieh eonneets with the trigger 32 and an inner eylindrieal end 46 whieh is 15 reeeived in a eylindrieal opening 48 in the body 14 for the pu~po~e of varying the volume in a pumping ehamber defined in the opening 4~.
The trigger 32, the spring assembly 40, the piston 42 and the eylindrieal opening 48 form and define primary eomponents 20 of a pumping meehani~m 4i.
A valve intake stem 50 is reeeived into the bottom of ~he eylindrieal base 26 nd has a dip tube 52 releasably fixed thereto and depending therefrom for in~ert~on into the bottle lZ.
A safe and ehild re~i~tant sprayer/bottle eonneetio~ is provided ant :ineludes loeking tabs 53 with lug reeeiving : openinqs 54 formed in~ the eylindrieal side wall of the cylindrical ba~e 26 a~nd loeking ~ugs on the bottle neek 30 and loek~d in plaee by the loeking ring 28.
When th-:molded ~prayer body is removed from a mold, the loeking ring 28, eonneeted to the eylindrieal base 26 of the body 1~ by six link~, points, fillets or webs 57 whieh are neeessary for molding the loeking ring 28 together with the body 14, is broken;~away from the eylindrieal base 26 by 35 breaking the~fillet~s 57 and moved upwardly on the base 26~
: During assembly of the ~arts of the trigger sprayer 10, the loeking~ring 28 ~is moved downwardly over the eylindrieal base 26.
sub~titute sheet-T ? 9 3 ~ o 2 n 6 8 4 03 Rec'd PCTJ,-~O 1 9 AUG 199 A nozzle assembly 58 i8 provided and includes a rotatable nozzle cap 60 having a forwardly extending cylindrical extension 62. The nozzle cap 60 is mounted on the nose bushing 16 extending rom a cylindrical portion 64 of the body 14 and 5 includes an annular band 66 for holding the nozzle cap 60.
Three different po~itions of the nozzle cap 60, a 8~0P
po~ition, a 8PRAY po~ition, and a ~TREAM position are provided.
When the nozzle a~embly 58 i8 mounted to the body 14, a mounting block 67 of the piece 20 i~ ~nap fittingly received 10 through an opening 68 in the top port~on 22. At the ~ame time, foxk armR 69 o~ the piece 20 extend through notches 70 in the top portion 22 ant/or notche~ 71 in the top wall of the cap 60 between one of two 1exible locking leg~ or prangs 72 and the cylindrical portion 64 for securing the nozzle cap 60 in its 15 8~0P po~ition, thereby en~uring a tamper proof and child resi~tant locking of the trigger sprayer nozzle aQsembly 58 to the body 14.
The nozzle as~embly 58 i~ mounted on the discharge end 18 of trigger sprayer 10, a~ described above. The top portion.22 20 of the body 14 extends rearwardly to a rear end 73 of the hand gripping formation 24 and then slants forwardly and downwardly from the rear end 73 to the cylindrical base 26.
Tho ~ix contact illet~ or web~ 57 are uniformly distributed around the lower end.of the cylindrical base 26 and 25 are initially integral with the locking ring 28. ~uring the molding proce~s, the contact fillets or web~ 57 are broken and the lockin.g ring 28 i~ moved upwardly relative to the cyl~ndrical ba~e 26. Later, when the locking ring 28 is moved downwardly on the base 26, an annular qroove 74 within the 30 lock~ng ring 28 ~nap-f~ittingly mates with an annular rib 75 on t~e ba~e 26. The upper po~ition of the locking ring 28 is the pre-application-to-a-bottle~position and the locking ring 28 is held in this position by frictional engagement of the inner wall of the locking ring 28 with the rib segment~ 76 provided : 35 on the outer cylindrical wall of the cylindrical base 26. The upper, partially annular rib segment~ 76 on the outer cylindrical wal~l of the cylindrical ba~e 26 locate ~nd to some extent limit upward movement of the locking ring 28.
-~ub~titute sheet-a~ 3Re~ 3ï01290AqJ~1993 As shown in FIG. 3, molded within the cylindrical base 26 to a top wall 314 of the cylindrical base 26 is a ~mall diameter seal ring 316. The seal ring 316 i~ designed to seal against the inner diameter of the bottle neck 30. The ~eal 5 ring ~16 has a bevelled end 318 at its lower side to ~acilitate in~ertion of the bottle neck 30 into the ba~e 26 and around the seal ring 316.
Within the inner area of seal ring 316 i8 an opening 320, having a shape according to the ~hape of the intake stem 50 10 which ~8 generally oval in cros~-section. $he intake stem 50 i9 press-fitted into the opening 320 until ridge~ 322 on the intake stem S0 ~nap into mating mounting grooves on the inner surface of the wall of the opening 320. In this way, an air tight seal i~ provided. The diptube 52 1~ releasably fixed in 15 the center of the intake stem 50. The length of the diptube 52 depends on the ~ize of the bottle 12. However, it is recommended that the diptube 52 should extend to the bottom of tho bottle 12 but ~houldn~t touch it.
The cylindrical opening 48 i~ located inside the body 14 20 of the trigger sprayer 10. The pi~ton cylindrical end 46 fits tightly into the cylindrical opening 48 to create a pumping ch~mber 324 having a variable volume between a fixed back w~ll 326 of the cyl~ndrical opening 48 and a rearwardly facing wall 328 of the piston cylindrical end 46. The fixed wall 326 of 25 the pumping cha~ber 324~ha~ an inlet flap valve 330 ~ituated in tho lower part thereof and an opening 332 in the upper pArt thoroof. An orifice 334 thsough a wall of the intake ~tem 50 i~ located to mate or register with the inlet flap valve 330 and to establi~h an inlet passageway. The inlet pa~sageway is 30 provided by the hollow diptube 52, the intake stem 50 and the orifice 334.
The opening 332 is located to mate or regi~ter with an outl-t flap valvë 336 on the top sido of intake ~tem 50~ Iniet flap valve 330 and outlet flap valve 336 control the fluid flow 35 into and out of pumping chamber 324.
The trigger 32 i9 pivotally mounted on the body 14 of the trigger ~prayer 10 by in~erting the two laterally extending pin~ 34 on the upp-r part of the trigger 32 into the two ~ -substitute sheet-~ .. .
.. 9 3 l 0 2 0 6 8 6 ~3 R~ "rT/~-~ 1 9 AUG 1993 corresponding holes 38 in the body 14.
A~ shown in FIG. 4, the plastic ~pring as~embly 40 has a flat tapered end 410 press-fitted into a recess 412 in the body 14 loeated underneath an inner end of the cylindr~cal portion 5 64 of the body 14. Another end 414 o~ the plastie spring assembly 40 is placed in a trough-like ~pace 416 in the back side of the trigger 32 against a baek wall 415. The plastic spring a~sembly 40 is bent and remains under stress to urge the trigger 32 always baek into its home position.
FIG. 4 shows the trigger sprayer 10 with the trigger 32 pres~ed in by the operator. The pressure in the pumping ehamber 324 opens outlet flap valve 336 so that the fluid ean leave pumping ehamber 324. At the ~ame time, the plastic ~pring as~embly~ 40 i9 bent and ~tres~ed even more, but it is 15 not stretehed above its Hook limit, and the oper~tor needs a maximum foree to keep the t~igger 32 pre~sed in.
After the operator stops pressing trigger 32, the pla~tie spring a~sembly 40 urges the trlgger 32 togethér with pi~ton 42 baek-into theLr home positions. While the piston 42 move~
20 baek, a vaeuum arises inside the pumplng ehamber 324. This vaeuum open~ Lnlet flap valve 330 and ~ueks in fluid from the bottle 12.
When the fluid is sue~ed out of the bottle 12, and beeause ..
the bottle 12 and the trigger sprayer 10 eonnection is aLr 25 tight, a vaeuum~arises within the bottle 12. To avold ~ vacuum with~n the bottle 12, a;ventLng system is provided. The vent~ng sy~t _ includ-s a~veqt hole 344 in the top wall 314 of ~he cylindrical~ba~e 26. This part of the top wall 314 defines a wall area between the lower side of the eylindrieal opening 30 48 in~ide body 14 of trLgger sprayer 10 and a eylindrieal eavi~y 346 within eylindrieal ba~e 26. When the trigger 32 is fully pres~ed ~n, vent hole 344 is opened and a fluid eonneetion'betwee~the linsLde of the ~ottle 12 and 'the atmosphere i~ e~tablished 80 that air i~ able to get into the 35 bottle 12. Wh-n the~trigger 32 i8 not pressed in, e.g. when it i~ in its hom~ posLtion,~the vent hole 344 i8 eovered by the eylindrieal end 46~of~the piston 42 to elo~e the vent hole 344 thereby preventing fluid from coming out of the bo~tle 12.
~ -substitute sheet~
` ~ 1 3~ 7Q^, ,, ~ TIPT~ 1 9 AUG 1993 The pumping chamber 324 i3 de~igned so that, the "dead volume", i e the minimum volume of the pumping chamber 324, iq very ~mall, 1/20 to 1/4 the full volume of pumping chamber 324 ~ ith a small dead volume, only a very little amount of the S fluid or air i~ left in the pumping chamber 324, after the trigger 32 i~ fully pressed in ~hi~ construction minimizes the qize of compre~sible air space inside the pumping chamber 324 and allows the trigger spr~yer 10 to build higher compression again~t the flap valve 330 during the p~iming of 10 the trigger sprayer 10 This minimized "dead volume" provides for guicker priming o the trigger sprayer 10 and higher vacuum and high compression during the intake and e~ection strokes Another effect of the small "dead volume" i8 that the pumping chamber 324 i~ filled up with fluid very quickly 15 therefore reducing the number o~ initial strokes required to prime the trigger sprayer 10 An outer end 510 of the pi~ton rod 44 has a transversely located cylinder 512 The cylinder 512 i8 locatet transver~ely to the longitudinal ~xis of the piston rod 44 between legs 513 and has an axially extending V in cross ~ectlon slot 514 in the 5 middle thereof for receiving a pivot edge 516 at the vertex of a V in-cros~-section outer end of a hook member 517 extending between the sides 36 of the trigger 32 The hook member 517 i9 iart of a bearing formation 518 which i~ provided on the backside of trigger 32 betw en the sides 36 and which has an 10 open~ng 519 thr,ough which the outer end~ 510 i~ received The cyl~nder 512 engages in the bearing formation-518 of the tr~gger 32 and the sides of the V shaped slot 514 act a~ ~or for~) stops to limit the rotational freedom of the connected part~
The arc ~ubtended by or the angle at the vertex of the "V"
of th- V shaped~-lot 514 is substantially greater than the arc ~ubtended by or th- angle at the vertex of the NVH of the V in-cros~-section outer~end of the hook member 517 to permit the V-shaped fulcrum end portion to rotate on the v-shaped pivot seat, 20 during movem nt of the trigqer from its home position to its fully squeezed in position The bearinq formation 518, in combination with the V
-substitute 3heet-PT~ ~ I q~ n ~
shaped slot 514, establish a movable trigger 32 - pi3ton 42 connection with limited, but suf~icient, rotational freedom.
Thi~ enables the piston 42 to be moved within the pumping chamber 324 while being pivotally connected to trigger 32 in a 5 simple and efficient manner.
The bearing formation 518 includes two rounded bearing seating sur~ace~ 520 ad~acent the inner side of each ~ide 36 of the trigger 32 and between one ~ide 36 of the trigger 32 and the hook me~ber 517 at the top of the opening Sl9 and between 5 one ~ide 36 and a ~lot 521 on the bottom of the opening 519.
The cylindrical ends of the cylinder 512 seat and rotate on these bearing ~urface~ 520.
. .
, j~ . .
~, ~ . ,.
; ~ -substitute sheet-
Example~ of previously proposed trigger sprayers having flap type valves ant ~ome being non piston type trigger sprayers whlch do not appear to have metal parts are disclosed 25 ln the follow~ng patentss U.~. Patent No. Pa~e~tee 4,819,835 Tasaki 4,618,077 Corsette 4,241,852 Paul~ et al.
4,235,353 Capra et al.
- 4,225,061 Blake et al.
4,201,317 Aleff 4,}55,487 Blake 3,973,700 Schmidt et al.
8UMMARY OF ~ INV~NT~ON
The pre~ent invention relate~ to a pumping mechani~m for a trigger operated fluid dispenslng device, e.g. trigger 40 sprayer, for pumping fluid from a Qtorage container into a .
discharge end of the di~pensing device. The pumping mechanism ; -substitute s~eet-:
. 9~ O~
2 03 Rec'd PC~r,~ 1 9 AUG 1993 includes a chambex within the body of the trigger ~prayer, a piston and two flap valves as~ociated with an internal back wall of the chamber. The flap valves are normally closed and pressure controlled to ensure a quick filling and emptying of 5 the collection chamber.
During the fluid intake stroke, a vacuum inside the collection chamber opens an inlet flap valve and sucks fluid rom the container via an inlet opening into the collection chamber. During the fluid ejectlon stro~e the pre~sure inside 10 the collection chamber closes the fluid inlet flap valve and forces open a fluid outlet flap valve associated with the integral back wall to ~orce the fluid through an outlet opening and a discharge passageway into the atmo~phere.
BllSl~F D~SCRSPTION OF THE DR~WIN~
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a trigger ~prayer constructed according to the teaching~ of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explodet per~pective view of the trigger 20 sprayer shown in FIG. 1 and shows a locking ring prior to its detachment from a cylindrical base of the sprayer body~
FIG. 3 i~ a vertical ~ectional view of the trigger sprayer in its at re~t position where a spring between a trtgger and the ~p~ayer body biases the trigger and a piston rod coupled 25 thereto to the st outward position.
FIG. 4 is a vertical sectio~al view of the trigger ~prayer s~mll~r to the view hown in FIG. 3 but showing the trigger fully depre-~-d.
. . , DF8CR~Pr~ON OF T~F;PREF~R~D EM~ODIM~NT~8) Referring now to the drawings in greater detail, there is illu~trated in, FIG. 1l a per~pect~ve ,riew of an all synthetic/pla~tlc trigger sprayer 10 coupled to a bottle 12.
An exploded per~pective view of the parts of the trigger ~prayer 10 i9 shown in mor- detail in FIG. 2.
The triqger ~pray-r 10 include~ a body 14, a nose bushing 16 at a di~charge end 18 of the body 14, a nozzle tamper proof pull away piec- ~20,~ a top portion 22 and a hand gripping -~ubstitute sheet-PC, . . 9 3 / 0 2 0 ~ 8 f~ ` ~3 Re~'d Pî,T/~.~ 1 9 AUG 1993 formation 24 extending rearwardly from the top portion 22 of the body 14 and then downwardly to a cylindrical base 26 of the body 14. The base 26 i9 held by a lockin~ ring 28 to a neek 30 of the bottle 12.
A trigger 32 having a front side 31 i8 pivetally mounted to the body 14 by having two eylindrieal pin~ 34, molded on the top end of two opposed side walls 36 of the trigger 32, in~erted into two eorre~ponding holes 38 in the body 14 of the trigger sprayer 10.
As ~hown in P~G. 2, a plastie spring assembly 40 is pla~ed between the body 14 and the trigger 32 to urge the trigger 32 always baek into it~ home position. Coupled to the trigger 32 is a piston 42 having an outer piston rod 44 whieh eonneets with the trigger 32 and an inner eylindrieal end 46 whieh is 15 reeeived in a eylindrieal opening 48 in the body 14 for the pu~po~e of varying the volume in a pumping ehamber defined in the opening 4~.
The trigger 32, the spring assembly 40, the piston 42 and the eylindrieal opening 48 form and define primary eomponents 20 of a pumping meehani~m 4i.
A valve intake stem 50 is reeeived into the bottom of ~he eylindrieal base 26 nd has a dip tube 52 releasably fixed thereto and depending therefrom for in~ert~on into the bottle lZ.
A safe and ehild re~i~tant sprayer/bottle eonneetio~ is provided ant :ineludes loeking tabs 53 with lug reeeiving : openinqs 54 formed in~ the eylindrieal side wall of the cylindrical ba~e 26 a~nd loeking ~ugs on the bottle neek 30 and loek~d in plaee by the loeking ring 28.
When th-:molded ~prayer body is removed from a mold, the loeking ring 28, eonneeted to the eylindrieal base 26 of the body 1~ by six link~, points, fillets or webs 57 whieh are neeessary for molding the loeking ring 28 together with the body 14, is broken;~away from the eylindrieal base 26 by 35 breaking the~fillet~s 57 and moved upwardly on the base 26~
: During assembly of the ~arts of the trigger sprayer 10, the loeking~ring 28 ~is moved downwardly over the eylindrieal base 26.
sub~titute sheet-T ? 9 3 ~ o 2 n 6 8 4 03 Rec'd PCTJ,-~O 1 9 AUG 199 A nozzle assembly 58 i8 provided and includes a rotatable nozzle cap 60 having a forwardly extending cylindrical extension 62. The nozzle cap 60 is mounted on the nose bushing 16 extending rom a cylindrical portion 64 of the body 14 and 5 includes an annular band 66 for holding the nozzle cap 60.
Three different po~itions of the nozzle cap 60, a 8~0P
po~ition, a 8PRAY po~ition, and a ~TREAM position are provided.
When the nozzle a~embly 58 i8 mounted to the body 14, a mounting block 67 of the piece 20 i~ ~nap fittingly received 10 through an opening 68 in the top port~on 22. At the ~ame time, foxk armR 69 o~ the piece 20 extend through notches 70 in the top portion 22 ant/or notche~ 71 in the top wall of the cap 60 between one of two 1exible locking leg~ or prangs 72 and the cylindrical portion 64 for securing the nozzle cap 60 in its 15 8~0P po~ition, thereby en~uring a tamper proof and child resi~tant locking of the trigger sprayer nozzle aQsembly 58 to the body 14.
The nozzle as~embly 58 i~ mounted on the discharge end 18 of trigger sprayer 10, a~ described above. The top portion.22 20 of the body 14 extends rearwardly to a rear end 73 of the hand gripping formation 24 and then slants forwardly and downwardly from the rear end 73 to the cylindrical base 26.
Tho ~ix contact illet~ or web~ 57 are uniformly distributed around the lower end.of the cylindrical base 26 and 25 are initially integral with the locking ring 28. ~uring the molding proce~s, the contact fillets or web~ 57 are broken and the lockin.g ring 28 i~ moved upwardly relative to the cyl~ndrical ba~e 26. Later, when the locking ring 28 is moved downwardly on the base 26, an annular qroove 74 within the 30 lock~ng ring 28 ~nap-f~ittingly mates with an annular rib 75 on t~e ba~e 26. The upper po~ition of the locking ring 28 is the pre-application-to-a-bottle~position and the locking ring 28 is held in this position by frictional engagement of the inner wall of the locking ring 28 with the rib segment~ 76 provided : 35 on the outer cylindrical wall of the cylindrical base 26. The upper, partially annular rib segment~ 76 on the outer cylindrical wal~l of the cylindrical ba~e 26 locate ~nd to some extent limit upward movement of the locking ring 28.
-~ub~titute sheet-a~ 3Re~ 3ï01290AqJ~1993 As shown in FIG. 3, molded within the cylindrical base 26 to a top wall 314 of the cylindrical base 26 is a ~mall diameter seal ring 316. The seal ring 316 i~ designed to seal against the inner diameter of the bottle neck 30. The ~eal 5 ring ~16 has a bevelled end 318 at its lower side to ~acilitate in~ertion of the bottle neck 30 into the ba~e 26 and around the seal ring 316.
Within the inner area of seal ring 316 i8 an opening 320, having a shape according to the ~hape of the intake stem 50 10 which ~8 generally oval in cros~-section. $he intake stem 50 i9 press-fitted into the opening 320 until ridge~ 322 on the intake stem S0 ~nap into mating mounting grooves on the inner surface of the wall of the opening 320. In this way, an air tight seal i~ provided. The diptube 52 1~ releasably fixed in 15 the center of the intake stem 50. The length of the diptube 52 depends on the ~ize of the bottle 12. However, it is recommended that the diptube 52 should extend to the bottom of tho bottle 12 but ~houldn~t touch it.
The cylindrical opening 48 i~ located inside the body 14 20 of the trigger sprayer 10. The pi~ton cylindrical end 46 fits tightly into the cylindrical opening 48 to create a pumping ch~mber 324 having a variable volume between a fixed back w~ll 326 of the cyl~ndrical opening 48 and a rearwardly facing wall 328 of the piston cylindrical end 46. The fixed wall 326 of 25 the pumping cha~ber 324~ha~ an inlet flap valve 330 ~ituated in tho lower part thereof and an opening 332 in the upper pArt thoroof. An orifice 334 thsough a wall of the intake ~tem 50 i~ located to mate or register with the inlet flap valve 330 and to establi~h an inlet passageway. The inlet pa~sageway is 30 provided by the hollow diptube 52, the intake stem 50 and the orifice 334.
The opening 332 is located to mate or regi~ter with an outl-t flap valvë 336 on the top sido of intake ~tem 50~ Iniet flap valve 330 and outlet flap valve 336 control the fluid flow 35 into and out of pumping chamber 324.
The trigger 32 i9 pivotally mounted on the body 14 of the trigger ~prayer 10 by in~erting the two laterally extending pin~ 34 on the upp-r part of the trigger 32 into the two ~ -substitute sheet-~ .. .
.. 9 3 l 0 2 0 6 8 6 ~3 R~ "rT/~-~ 1 9 AUG 1993 corresponding holes 38 in the body 14.
A~ shown in FIG. 4, the plastic ~pring as~embly 40 has a flat tapered end 410 press-fitted into a recess 412 in the body 14 loeated underneath an inner end of the cylindr~cal portion 5 64 of the body 14. Another end 414 o~ the plastie spring assembly 40 is placed in a trough-like ~pace 416 in the back side of the trigger 32 against a baek wall 415. The plastic spring a~sembly 40 is bent and remains under stress to urge the trigger 32 always baek into its home position.
FIG. 4 shows the trigger sprayer 10 with the trigger 32 pres~ed in by the operator. The pressure in the pumping ehamber 324 opens outlet flap valve 336 so that the fluid ean leave pumping ehamber 324. At the ~ame time, the plastic ~pring as~embly~ 40 i9 bent and ~tres~ed even more, but it is 15 not stretehed above its Hook limit, and the oper~tor needs a maximum foree to keep the t~igger 32 pre~sed in.
After the operator stops pressing trigger 32, the pla~tie spring a~sembly 40 urges the trlgger 32 togethér with pi~ton 42 baek-into theLr home positions. While the piston 42 move~
20 baek, a vaeuum arises inside the pumplng ehamber 324. This vaeuum open~ Lnlet flap valve 330 and ~ueks in fluid from the bottle 12.
When the fluid is sue~ed out of the bottle 12, and beeause ..
the bottle 12 and the trigger sprayer 10 eonnection is aLr 25 tight, a vaeuum~arises within the bottle 12. To avold ~ vacuum with~n the bottle 12, a;ventLng system is provided. The vent~ng sy~t _ includ-s a~veqt hole 344 in the top wall 314 of ~he cylindrical~ba~e 26. This part of the top wall 314 defines a wall area between the lower side of the eylindrieal opening 30 48 in~ide body 14 of trLgger sprayer 10 and a eylindrieal eavi~y 346 within eylindrieal ba~e 26. When the trigger 32 is fully pres~ed ~n, vent hole 344 is opened and a fluid eonneetion'betwee~the linsLde of the ~ottle 12 and 'the atmosphere i~ e~tablished 80 that air i~ able to get into the 35 bottle 12. Wh-n the~trigger 32 i8 not pressed in, e.g. when it i~ in its hom~ posLtion,~the vent hole 344 i8 eovered by the eylindrieal end 46~of~the piston 42 to elo~e the vent hole 344 thereby preventing fluid from coming out of the bo~tle 12.
~ -substitute sheet~
` ~ 1 3~ 7Q^, ,, ~ TIPT~ 1 9 AUG 1993 The pumping chamber 324 i3 de~igned so that, the "dead volume", i e the minimum volume of the pumping chamber 324, iq very ~mall, 1/20 to 1/4 the full volume of pumping chamber 324 ~ ith a small dead volume, only a very little amount of the S fluid or air i~ left in the pumping chamber 324, after the trigger 32 i~ fully pressed in ~hi~ construction minimizes the qize of compre~sible air space inside the pumping chamber 324 and allows the trigger spr~yer 10 to build higher compression again~t the flap valve 330 during the p~iming of 10 the trigger sprayer 10 This minimized "dead volume" provides for guicker priming o the trigger sprayer 10 and higher vacuum and high compression during the intake and e~ection strokes Another effect of the small "dead volume" i8 that the pumping chamber 324 i~ filled up with fluid very quickly 15 therefore reducing the number o~ initial strokes required to prime the trigger sprayer 10 An outer end 510 of the pi~ton rod 44 has a transversely located cylinder 512 The cylinder 512 i8 locatet transver~ely to the longitudinal ~xis of the piston rod 44 between legs 513 and has an axially extending V in cross ~ectlon slot 514 in the 5 middle thereof for receiving a pivot edge 516 at the vertex of a V in-cros~-section outer end of a hook member 517 extending between the sides 36 of the trigger 32 The hook member 517 i9 iart of a bearing formation 518 which i~ provided on the backside of trigger 32 betw en the sides 36 and which has an 10 open~ng 519 thr,ough which the outer end~ 510 i~ received The cyl~nder 512 engages in the bearing formation-518 of the tr~gger 32 and the sides of the V shaped slot 514 act a~ ~or for~) stops to limit the rotational freedom of the connected part~
The arc ~ubtended by or the angle at the vertex of the "V"
of th- V shaped~-lot 514 is substantially greater than the arc ~ubtended by or th- angle at the vertex of the NVH of the V in-cros~-section outer~end of the hook member 517 to permit the V-shaped fulcrum end portion to rotate on the v-shaped pivot seat, 20 during movem nt of the trigqer from its home position to its fully squeezed in position The bearinq formation 518, in combination with the V
-substitute 3heet-PT~ ~ I q~ n ~
shaped slot 514, establish a movable trigger 32 - pi3ton 42 connection with limited, but suf~icient, rotational freedom.
Thi~ enables the piston 42 to be moved within the pumping chamber 324 while being pivotally connected to trigger 32 in a 5 simple and efficient manner.
The bearing formation 518 includes two rounded bearing seating sur~ace~ 520 ad~acent the inner side of each ~ide 36 of the trigger 32 and between one ~ide 36 of the trigger 32 and the hook me~ber 517 at the top of the opening Sl9 and between 5 one ~ide 36 and a ~lot 521 on the bottom of the opening 519.
The cylindrical ends of the cylinder 512 seat and rotate on these bearing ~urface~ 520.
. .
, j~ . .
~, ~ . ,.
; ~ -substitute sheet-
Claims (9)
WE CLAIM:
1. (Amended) A trigger operated pumping mechanism for a fluid dispensing device pumping mechanism comprising a body, said pumping mechanism comprising:
a piston having a rearwardly facing movable wall;
a trigger movably mounted to said body;
said piston being coupled to said trigger for moving said movable wall;
said body having a hollow cylinder therein which receives said piston and which extends to a fixed back wall in said body, whereby the space between said back wall and said movable piston wall defines a variable volume pumping chamber;
said cylinder having a fluid inlet valve and a fluid outlet valve associated with said back wall;
said valves being pressure controlled; and the volume of said pumping chamber at the end of an ejection stroke of said piston being minimized by constructing and arranging said inlet and outlet valves as plastic flap valves which are each located in or adjacent to said back wall of said cylinder for arcuate movement about a hinge line and by constructing and arranging said movable wall and said cylinder to have a minimum remaining space between said back wall and said movable wall at the end of the ejection strokes of said piston, thereby to facilitate the creation of high vacuum and high pressure during intake and ejection strokes of said piston and to facilitate priming with a minimum of strokes.
a piston having a rearwardly facing movable wall;
a trigger movably mounted to said body;
said piston being coupled to said trigger for moving said movable wall;
said body having a hollow cylinder therein which receives said piston and which extends to a fixed back wall in said body, whereby the space between said back wall and said movable piston wall defines a variable volume pumping chamber;
said cylinder having a fluid inlet valve and a fluid outlet valve associated with said back wall;
said valves being pressure controlled; and the volume of said pumping chamber at the end of an ejection stroke of said piston being minimized by constructing and arranging said inlet and outlet valves as plastic flap valves which are each located in or adjacent to said back wall of said cylinder for arcuate movement about a hinge line and by constructing and arranging said movable wall and said cylinder to have a minimum remaining space between said back wall and said movable wall at the end of the ejection strokes of said piston, thereby to facilitate the creation of high vacuum and high pressure during intake and ejection strokes of said piston and to facilitate priming with a minimum of strokes.
2. (Amended) The pumping mechanism of claim 1 wherein said piston, said cylinder and the length of movement of said piston in said cylinder are constructed and arranged so that the volume of said pumping chamber at the end of an ejection stroke is between one twentieth to one fourth of the volume of the pumping chamber at the beginning of the ejection stroke.
3. (Amended) The pumping mechanism of claim 1, wherein said back wall has a relief in front of said outlet flap valve and said piston includes an extension attached to an upper part of said movable wall which mates with and is received in said relief at the end of each ejection stroke.
4. (Same) The pumping mechanism of claim 1, wherein said fluid inlet valve and said fluid outlet valve are one way valves.
5. (Same) The pumping mechanism of claim 1, wherein said fluid inlet valve and said fluid outlet valve are positioned adjacent said back wall of said pumping chamber in close proximity to each other.
6. (Same) The pumping mechanism of claim 1, wherein said body has a lower body opening, an intake stem is received in said lower body opening and has a fluid inlet passageway therein, said inlet valve being integral with, and is a flap in, said back wall of said cylinder, said flap having a reduced thickness linear area form forming a hinge, said intake stem has an orifice extending therethrough for mating with said inlet passageway; and said inlet valve flap normally closes off said orifice to prevent fluid from entering said pumping chamber from the container in an at rest position of said pumping mechanism.
7. (Same) The pumping mechanism of claim 1, wherein said body has a lower body opening, an intake stem is received in said lower body opening and has a flap extending upwardly therefrom, said back wall has a fluid outlet opening therethrough opposite said flap on said intake stem, said flap forming said outlet valve which normally closes said outlet opening for preventing air from entering said pumping chamber.
8. (Same) The pumping mechanism of claim 1, further comprising a venting orifice in a wall of said cylinder.
9. (Same) The pumping mechanism of claim 8, wherein said venting orifice is closed by said piston during the at rest home position of said piston and said venting orifice is opened when said piston is moved into said cylinder.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/840,759 | 1992-02-24 | ||
| US07/840,761 US5332128A (en) | 1992-02-24 | 1992-02-24 | Flap valve assembly for trigger sprayer |
| US07/840,759 US5297701A (en) | 1992-02-24 | 1992-02-24 | All plastic trigger sprayer |
| US07/840,761 | 1992-02-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2130582A1 true CA2130582A1 (en) | 1993-09-02 |
Family
ID=27126204
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002130582A Abandoned CA2130582A1 (en) | 1992-02-24 | 1993-02-23 | Flap valve assembly for trigger sprayer |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07504145A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU666183B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2130582A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4390809T1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2278891B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL104785A (en) |
| LU (1) | LU88524A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9301007A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL9320025A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ251119A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993016955A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUPO742497A0 (en) | 1997-06-18 | 1997-07-10 | N.J. Phillips Pty. Limited | An applicator |
| WO2002040122A2 (en) | 2000-10-23 | 2002-05-23 | Py Patent, Inc. | Fluid dispenser with bladder inside rigid vial |
| US7331944B2 (en) | 2000-10-23 | 2008-02-19 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Ophthalmic dispenser and associated method |
| JP4734713B2 (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2011-07-27 | 東洋製罐株式会社 | Trigger dispenser |
| US7798185B2 (en) | 2005-08-01 | 2010-09-21 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Dispenser and method for storing and dispensing sterile food product |
| ES2543009T3 (en) | 2002-08-13 | 2015-08-13 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Container and valve assembly for storing and distributing substances and related method |
| EP1636091A2 (en) | 2003-05-12 | 2006-03-22 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Dispenser and apparatus for filling a dispenser |
| US7226231B2 (en) | 2003-07-17 | 2007-06-05 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Piston-type dispenser with one-way valve for storing and dispensing metered amounts of substances |
| US7264142B2 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2007-09-04 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Dispenser having variable-volume storage chamber and depressible one-way valve assembly for dispensing creams and other substances |
| MX2007006659A (en) | 2004-12-04 | 2007-08-15 | Medical Instill Tech Inc | One-way valve, apparatus and method of using the valve. |
| US7810677B2 (en) | 2004-12-04 | 2010-10-12 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | One-way valve and apparatus and method of using the valve |
| US7497358B2 (en) * | 2006-03-15 | 2009-03-03 | Meadwestvaco Calmar, Inc. | Trigger sprayer with integral piston rod and bowed spring |
| WO2008030623A2 (en) * | 2006-09-08 | 2008-03-13 | Medical Instill Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for dispensing fluids |
| WO2011140508A1 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2011-11-10 | Alps, Llc | Dispensing machine valve and method |
| JP5619053B2 (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2014-11-05 | 株式会社タカギ | Watering nozzle |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3973700A (en) * | 1975-09-29 | 1976-08-10 | Schmidt Edward C | Bellows pump with extension having integral valves |
| USRE33235E (en) * | 1984-03-07 | 1990-06-19 | Corsette Douglas Frank | Liquid dispensing pump |
| US4890773A (en) * | 1988-03-15 | 1990-01-02 | Calmar, Inc. | Viscous product dispenser |
-
1993
- 1993-02-18 IL IL10478593A patent/IL104785A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-23 NZ NZ251119A patent/NZ251119A/en unknown
- 1993-02-23 JP JP5515137A patent/JPH07504145A/en active Pending
- 1993-02-23 DE DE4390809T patent/DE4390809T1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-02-23 AU AU37953/93A patent/AU666183B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-02-23 NL NL9320025A patent/NL9320025A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-02-23 WO PCT/US1993/002068 patent/WO1993016955A1/en active Application Filing
- 1993-02-23 GB GB9416735A patent/GB2278891B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-23 CA CA002130582A patent/CA2130582A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-02-24 MX MX9301007A patent/MX9301007A/en unknown
-
1994
- 1994-08-24 LU LU88524A patent/LU88524A1/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4390809T1 (en) | 1995-02-23 |
| IL104785A (en) | 2000-07-16 |
| GB2278891A (en) | 1994-12-14 |
| GB2278891B (en) | 1995-07-12 |
| MX9301007A (en) | 1994-06-30 |
| NZ251119A (en) | 1996-01-26 |
| GB9416735D0 (en) | 1994-10-12 |
| JPH07504145A (en) | 1995-05-11 |
| AU666183B2 (en) | 1996-02-01 |
| NL9320025A (en) | 1995-01-02 |
| WO1993016955A1 (en) | 1993-09-02 |
| IL104785A0 (en) | 1993-06-10 |
| AU3795393A (en) | 1993-09-13 |
| LU88524A1 (en) | 1994-12-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20010223 |