CA2128781A1 - Dual flush cistern - Google Patents
Dual flush cisternInfo
- Publication number
- CA2128781A1 CA2128781A1 CA 2128781 CA2128781A CA2128781A1 CA 2128781 A1 CA2128781 A1 CA 2128781A1 CA 2128781 CA2128781 CA 2128781 CA 2128781 A CA2128781 A CA 2128781A CA 2128781 A1 CA2128781 A1 CA 2128781A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- flush
- cistern
- housing
- float
- opening
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
- E03D1/00—Water flushing devices with cisterns ; Setting up a range of flushing devices or water-closets; Combinations of several flushing devices
- E03D1/02—High-level flushing systems
- E03D1/14—Cisterns discharging variable quantities of water also cisterns with bell siphons in combination with flushing valves
- E03D1/142—Cisterns discharging variable quantities of water also cisterns with bell siphons in combination with flushing valves in cisterns with flushing valves
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)
- Float Valves (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The present invention relates to a dual flush cistern. The cistern incorporates a flushing valve 12 located in the base of the cistern, the flushing valve 12 having a stem 11 able to be lifted to open the flushing valve 12. Float 30 is fixed to stem 11 and is mounted within float housing 13. Float housing 13 is mounted relative to the cistern such that it is below the normal water level when the cistern is full and above the normal water level following a partial flush. The closure of flushing valve 12 is dependant on float 30 which falls with the water level within float housing 13. The drainage rate of water from float housing 13 is controllable in response to the type of flush desired.
The present invention relates to a dual flush cistern. The cistern incorporates a flushing valve 12 located in the base of the cistern, the flushing valve 12 having a stem 11 able to be lifted to open the flushing valve 12. Float 30 is fixed to stem 11 and is mounted within float housing 13. Float housing 13 is mounted relative to the cistern such that it is below the normal water level when the cistern is full and above the normal water level following a partial flush. The closure of flushing valve 12 is dependant on float 30 which falls with the water level within float housing 13. The drainage rate of water from float housing 13 is controllable in response to the type of flush desired.
Description
. . . ~
..
..
Title: DUAL FLUS~ CISTERN
. , TEC~NICAL FIELD ~ ;~
The present invention relates to a flu~hing mechanism for a toilet cistern and more particularly to a dual flush cistern.
BACRGRO~ND ART
A variety of sy~tems have beon used to provide a mechanism for giving dual flu~hes of different volumas. - ;
These range from oomplicated mechanical linkage systems to the provision of different chambers within the cistern. The present invention seeks to providc a simple system of providing a dual flush without the problems associated with the ~nown systems.
DISC~OSURE OF INVENTION
According to the presont invention there is provided a dual $1ush cistern having a flush sel~ction and actuation mechanism mountod thorewith ha~ing a full 2~2878~
flush actuator and a partial flush actuator, a flushing valve positioned in the base of the cistern, said $1ushing valve having a stem able to be lifted to open the flu~hing valve by a lifting mechanism of said flush selection and actuation mechanism, a float housing mounted to the cistern having a ba~e portion and wall portions extending upwardly from the base portion and ~ :
housing a float connected to said stem, said housing ~ ;~
mounted relative to the cistern such that it i8 below the normal water level when the cistern is full and above the normal water level following a partial flush, said housing having outlet means therein to enable water to drain therefrom, said outlet means being controllable to provide at lea~t first and second drainage rates from said housing, said second drainage rate being faster than first drainage rate, said outlet means responsive to actuation of the partial flush actuator of the flu~h selection and actuation mechanism to cause drainage from said housing at said second rate and responsive to actuation of the full flush actuator of the flush selection and actuation mechani~m to cause drainage from said housing at said first rate.
For preference, said outlet means comprises first and second openings in said housing, the second opening being selectively openable and closable by a control means, said control mean~ being operative to open said said second opening in response to actuation of the 212878~
..
..
Title: DUAL FLUS~ CISTERN
. , TEC~NICAL FIELD ~ ;~
The present invention relates to a flu~hing mechanism for a toilet cistern and more particularly to a dual flush cistern.
BACRGRO~ND ART
A variety of sy~tems have beon used to provide a mechanism for giving dual flu~hes of different volumas. - ;
These range from oomplicated mechanical linkage systems to the provision of different chambers within the cistern. The present invention seeks to providc a simple system of providing a dual flush without the problems associated with the ~nown systems.
DISC~OSURE OF INVENTION
According to the presont invention there is provided a dual $1ush cistern having a flush sel~ction and actuation mechanism mountod thorewith ha~ing a full 2~2878~
flush actuator and a partial flush actuator, a flushing valve positioned in the base of the cistern, said $1ushing valve having a stem able to be lifted to open the flu~hing valve by a lifting mechanism of said flush selection and actuation mechanism, a float housing mounted to the cistern having a ba~e portion and wall portions extending upwardly from the base portion and ~ :
housing a float connected to said stem, said housing ~ ;~
mounted relative to the cistern such that it i8 below the normal water level when the cistern is full and above the normal water level following a partial flush, said housing having outlet means therein to enable water to drain therefrom, said outlet means being controllable to provide at lea~t first and second drainage rates from said housing, said second drainage rate being faster than first drainage rate, said outlet means responsive to actuation of the partial flush actuator of the flu~h selection and actuation mechanism to cause drainage from said housing at said second rate and responsive to actuation of the full flush actuator of the flush selection and actuation mechani~m to cause drainage from said housing at said first rate.
For preference, said outlet means comprises first and second openings in said housing, the second opening being selectively openable and closable by a control means, said control mean~ being operative to open said said second opening in response to actuation of the 212878~
partial flush actuator of the flush selection and actuation mechanism. For preference, ~aid ~econd opening pro~ides a faster drainage rate than the first opening. Preferably, the control means comprises a slidable gate po6itioned in said second opening and responsive to operation of ~aid partial flush actuator to open ~aid second opening and re~ponsi~e to said float reaching the ba e of said float housing to clo~e said second opening. Preferably said housing is an annular -housing positioned around ~aid stem. For further preference said float is annular and i~ positioned around said stem. Preferably, the float housing is adjustably mounted to ~aid cistern ~o that its vertical position relative to the cistern can be adjusted. For preference, the ~lidable gate is coupled to the partial flush actuator by an adjustable linkage 80 that the degree of oponing of the slidable gate in respon~e to the operation of the partial flush actuator i~
adjustable.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
A preferred embodiment of the present in~ention will now be de~cribed, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 i~ a ~ectional ~iew taken through the centre of the float hou~ing of tho ci~ er~ according to the invention;
212878:t Figure 2a i8 a plan view of the float housing of Figure l; ~ ~
Figure 2b is a under~ide view of the float hou~ing ~: :
of Figure l;
Figure 2c i~ a elevation view of the float hou~ing of Figure l;
Figure 3a is a plan view of the float of Figure l;
Figure 3b i8 a sectional elevation view of the float of Figure 1 taken on lines 3b-3b;
Figure 4a i8 an elevation view of the float housing gate of Figure l;
Figure 4b is a underside view of the float hou~ing gate of Figure l; and Figure 4c is a side elevation view of the float housing gate of Figure 1.
BEST MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Referring to the drawing~, the dual flushing mechanism according to this embodiment comprises a cistern having a floor of substantially conventional construction. The floor (not shown) is provided with an outlet in substantially conventional fashion which is able to be opened and closed by an annular seal 10 at the lower end of a hollow stem 11 which in this embodiment also act~ as an overflow tube. The seal 10 and the outlet (not shown) together constitute a flush ~.
valve 12 while the etem 11 constitutes an overflow tube through which water can pass to the outlet should the ` 212878~
level of water in the ci6tern exceed the intended maximum level.
As be~t seen in Figure 1, the ~tem 11 i6 provided -with an annular float housing 13 which i~ supported in cantilevered fashion by a connecting bracket 14 which i8 fixed relative to the ci~tern. The float housing 13 sits around the stem 11 while allowing the stem to move freely through its central opening 15. The float housing 13 i~ adjustably attached to the connecting bracket 14 by removable pins 16 which engage with a series of vertically ~paced adjuætment holes 17 provided along the length of the connecting bracket 14.
The float housing 13 ha~ a ba~e 18 and an An~ular wall 19 extending upwardly ~rom the base to form the housing. The base 18 is provided with the central opening lS for the stem 11 to pass through. The annular wall 19 is provided with an opening 20 which i8 openable and closable by a vertically movable gate 21. The gate is slidingly fitted to the opening 20 by mean~ of a pair of channels or grooves 22, 22' extending adjacent the vertical sides 23, 23' of the opening 20. The float housing gate 21 i~ connected at its upper edge to a gate lifter arm 24 by means of a longitudinal slongate slot 25 and pin 26 respectively provided in the lifter arm 24 and gate 21. This arrangement allows t~e gate 21 to move upwardly relative to the lifter arm 24 while still e~abling the lifter arm 24 to raise the gate 21 when the ~ '''`~'~' ^ - 212878~
lifter arm 24 moves upwardly relative to the gate 21.
The lifter arm 24 i~ adju~table in length 80 that the degree of opening of the gate 21 may be varied.
The ~tem 11 i8 provided with a circumferentially extending rib 27 towards its upper end which i8 engaged by a lifting yoke 28 pivotally connected to a full flush lifting arm 29.
An annular float 30 compri~es an upper side 31 having a ce~tral opening 32, an inner wall 33 extending downwardly from the periphery of the opening 32 and an outer wall 34 extending downwardly form the outer periphery of the upper ~ide 31. The buoyant nature of annular $10at 30 ia provided by air trapped in the space between upper ~ide 31, inner wall 33 and outer wall 34.
Additionally or alternatively annular float 30 may be Formed of a buoyant material such as an expanded polymer. The stem 11 pa~se~ through the opening 32 and the float 30 is fixed to the stem ll. The float 30 is dimensioned to fit neatly within the float hou~ing 13 while still allowing for free vertical movement therein.
The float hou~ing gate 21 will now be de~cribed in more detail with roference to Figure 4. The gate ~;
comprises a ba~e portion 40 a~d a vertieally extending ~ide portion 41. A~ best shown in Figure 4a, the base portion 40 i8 provided with an e~larged section 42 through which extend~ a circular opening 43, which, in u~o, ~lidingly accommodates the ~tem 11. The side ;
:` :
` 2~28781 portion 41, a6 best 6hown in Figures 4b and 4c, i~
pro~ided with a pair of ~ertically ~paced protru6ions 44 and 45 on opposite 6ide6 of the 6ide portion 41.
In use the system operate~ as ~ollows. Prior to flushing the upward bias on stem 11 produced by float 30 i8 resisted by the downward bias on stem 11 produced by water pre~ure on the upper face of flush val~e 12. For a full flush, the full flush lifting arm 29 iB raised by actuation of the full flush button (not sh~wn). This ~ -~
arm in turn raises the stem 11 by means of the yoke 28 engaging the rib 27. Raising of the ~tem 11 causes the float 30 to be raised within the float housing 13 which is initially full of water while simultaneously opening flush ~al~e ~eal 10 causing the water to drain from the cistern. As the water level drop~ within the cistern the stem iB held in a raised positio~ by the float 30 which floats on the water held in the float hou~ing 13.
Water gradually escapes from the float housing 13 around the opening 15 and the float 30 drops allowing the stem 11 to drop closing the flush val~e seal 10 by which time a full flush as been co~pleted.
For a reduced or half flush, the gate lifter arm 24 is raised which raise~ the gate 21 which in turn opens the opening 20 in the wall of the float housing 13. ~ -When the gate i8 raised the protrusion 44 engages the upper edge of the outer wall 19 of the float housing 13 holding the gate 21 in an open position. The baso ;~
21287~31 portion 40 of the gate 21 engages with the inner wall 33 of the float 30 raising the float and the ~tem 11 causing the flush valve seal 11 to open. As the water level in the cistern drops, water in the float housing exitg ~uickly through the opening 20 allowing the float 30 to drop more ~uickly and clo~e the flush valve ~eal 11 before a full flush has been completed. As the float 30 drops, it~ neat fit within the housing 13 causes it to hit protrusion 45 and knock the protrusion 44 from the outer wall 19 of the housing 13 and causing the gate 21 to cloge thus resetting the gystem for the next flush.
The operation i~ adjustable by varying the amount the sliding gate openg and thus the rate of digcharge of water from the float housing and al~o by varying the vertical position of the float housing within the cistern.
It will be ~ppreciated by those skilled in the art that further e~bodimentR of the invention are posgible without departing from the spirit or ~cope of the invention described and the invention i8 not limited to the particular ~odiment described.
...; ' '. '~
adjustable.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
A preferred embodiment of the present in~ention will now be de~cribed, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 i~ a ~ectional ~iew taken through the centre of the float hou~ing of tho ci~ er~ according to the invention;
212878:t Figure 2a i8 a plan view of the float housing of Figure l; ~ ~
Figure 2b is a under~ide view of the float hou~ing ~: :
of Figure l;
Figure 2c i~ a elevation view of the float hou~ing of Figure l;
Figure 3a is a plan view of the float of Figure l;
Figure 3b i8 a sectional elevation view of the float of Figure 1 taken on lines 3b-3b;
Figure 4a i8 an elevation view of the float housing gate of Figure l;
Figure 4b is a underside view of the float hou~ing gate of Figure l; and Figure 4c is a side elevation view of the float housing gate of Figure 1.
BEST MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Referring to the drawing~, the dual flushing mechanism according to this embodiment comprises a cistern having a floor of substantially conventional construction. The floor (not shown) is provided with an outlet in substantially conventional fashion which is able to be opened and closed by an annular seal 10 at the lower end of a hollow stem 11 which in this embodiment also act~ as an overflow tube. The seal 10 and the outlet (not shown) together constitute a flush ~.
valve 12 while the etem 11 constitutes an overflow tube through which water can pass to the outlet should the ` 212878~
level of water in the ci6tern exceed the intended maximum level.
As be~t seen in Figure 1, the ~tem 11 i6 provided -with an annular float housing 13 which i~ supported in cantilevered fashion by a connecting bracket 14 which i8 fixed relative to the ci~tern. The float housing 13 sits around the stem 11 while allowing the stem to move freely through its central opening 15. The float housing 13 i~ adjustably attached to the connecting bracket 14 by removable pins 16 which engage with a series of vertically ~paced adjuætment holes 17 provided along the length of the connecting bracket 14.
The float housing 13 ha~ a ba~e 18 and an An~ular wall 19 extending upwardly ~rom the base to form the housing. The base 18 is provided with the central opening lS for the stem 11 to pass through. The annular wall 19 is provided with an opening 20 which i8 openable and closable by a vertically movable gate 21. The gate is slidingly fitted to the opening 20 by mean~ of a pair of channels or grooves 22, 22' extending adjacent the vertical sides 23, 23' of the opening 20. The float housing gate 21 i~ connected at its upper edge to a gate lifter arm 24 by means of a longitudinal slongate slot 25 and pin 26 respectively provided in the lifter arm 24 and gate 21. This arrangement allows t~e gate 21 to move upwardly relative to the lifter arm 24 while still e~abling the lifter arm 24 to raise the gate 21 when the ~ '''`~'~' ^ - 212878~
lifter arm 24 moves upwardly relative to the gate 21.
The lifter arm 24 i~ adju~table in length 80 that the degree of opening of the gate 21 may be varied.
The ~tem 11 i8 provided with a circumferentially extending rib 27 towards its upper end which i8 engaged by a lifting yoke 28 pivotally connected to a full flush lifting arm 29.
An annular float 30 compri~es an upper side 31 having a ce~tral opening 32, an inner wall 33 extending downwardly from the periphery of the opening 32 and an outer wall 34 extending downwardly form the outer periphery of the upper ~ide 31. The buoyant nature of annular $10at 30 ia provided by air trapped in the space between upper ~ide 31, inner wall 33 and outer wall 34.
Additionally or alternatively annular float 30 may be Formed of a buoyant material such as an expanded polymer. The stem 11 pa~se~ through the opening 32 and the float 30 is fixed to the stem ll. The float 30 is dimensioned to fit neatly within the float hou~ing 13 while still allowing for free vertical movement therein.
The float hou~ing gate 21 will now be de~cribed in more detail with roference to Figure 4. The gate ~;
comprises a ba~e portion 40 a~d a vertieally extending ~ide portion 41. A~ best shown in Figure 4a, the base portion 40 i8 provided with an e~larged section 42 through which extend~ a circular opening 43, which, in u~o, ~lidingly accommodates the ~tem 11. The side ;
:` :
` 2~28781 portion 41, a6 best 6hown in Figures 4b and 4c, i~
pro~ided with a pair of ~ertically ~paced protru6ions 44 and 45 on opposite 6ide6 of the 6ide portion 41.
In use the system operate~ as ~ollows. Prior to flushing the upward bias on stem 11 produced by float 30 i8 resisted by the downward bias on stem 11 produced by water pre~ure on the upper face of flush val~e 12. For a full flush, the full flush lifting arm 29 iB raised by actuation of the full flush button (not sh~wn). This ~ -~
arm in turn raises the stem 11 by means of the yoke 28 engaging the rib 27. Raising of the ~tem 11 causes the float 30 to be raised within the float housing 13 which is initially full of water while simultaneously opening flush ~al~e ~eal 10 causing the water to drain from the cistern. As the water level drop~ within the cistern the stem iB held in a raised positio~ by the float 30 which floats on the water held in the float hou~ing 13.
Water gradually escapes from the float housing 13 around the opening 15 and the float 30 drops allowing the stem 11 to drop closing the flush val~e seal 10 by which time a full flush as been co~pleted.
For a reduced or half flush, the gate lifter arm 24 is raised which raise~ the gate 21 which in turn opens the opening 20 in the wall of the float housing 13. ~ -When the gate i8 raised the protrusion 44 engages the upper edge of the outer wall 19 of the float housing 13 holding the gate 21 in an open position. The baso ;~
21287~31 portion 40 of the gate 21 engages with the inner wall 33 of the float 30 raising the float and the ~tem 11 causing the flush valve seal 11 to open. As the water level in the cistern drops, water in the float housing exitg ~uickly through the opening 20 allowing the float 30 to drop more ~uickly and clo~e the flush valve ~eal 11 before a full flush has been completed. As the float 30 drops, it~ neat fit within the housing 13 causes it to hit protrusion 45 and knock the protrusion 44 from the outer wall 19 of the housing 13 and causing the gate 21 to cloge thus resetting the gystem for the next flush.
The operation i~ adjustable by varying the amount the sliding gate openg and thus the rate of digcharge of water from the float housing and al~o by varying the vertical position of the float housing within the cistern.
It will be ~ppreciated by those skilled in the art that further e~bodimentR of the invention are posgible without departing from the spirit or ~cope of the invention described and the invention i8 not limited to the particular ~odiment described.
...; ' '. '~
Claims (8)
1. A dual flush cistern having a flush selection and actuation mechanism mounted therewith having a full flush actuator and a partial flush actuator, a flushing valve positioned in the base of the cistern, said flushing valve having a stem able to be lifted to open the flushing valve by a lifting mechanism of said flush selection and actuation mechanism, a float housing mounted to the cistern having a base portion and wall portions extending upwardly from the base portion and housing a float connected to said stem, said housing mounted relative to the cistern such that it is below the normal water level when the cistern is full and above the normal water level following a partial flush, said housing having outlet means therein to enable water to drain therefrom, said outlet means being controllable to provide at least first and second drainage rates from said housing, said second drainage rate being faster than first drainage rate, said outlet means responsive to actuation of the partial flush actuator of the flush selection and actuation mechanism to cause drainage from said housing at said second rate and responsive to actuation of the full flush actuator of the flush selection and actuation mechanism to cause drainage from said housing at said first rate.
2. A dual flush cistern according to claim 1, wherein said outlet moans comprises first and second openings in said housing, the second opening being selectively openable and closable by a control means, said control means being operative to open said said second opening in response to actuation of the partial flush actuator of the flush selection and actuation mechanism.
3. A dual flush cistern according to claim 2, wherein said second opening provides a faster drainage rate than the first opening.
4. A dual flush cistern according to claim 1, wherein the control means comprises a slidable gate positioned in said second opening and responsive to operation of said partial flush actuator to open said second opening and responsive to said float reaching the base of said float housing to close said second opening.
5. A dual flush cistern according to claim 4, wherein said housing is an annular housing positioned around said stem.
6. A dual flush cistern according to claim 5, wherein said float is annular and is positioned around said stem.
7. A dual flush cistern according to claim 2, wherein the float housing is adjustably mounted to said cistern so that its vertical position relative to the cistern can be adjusted.
8. A dual flush cistern according to claim 4, wherein the slidable gate is coupled to the partial flush actuator by an adjustable linkage so that the degree of opening of the slidable gate in response to the operation of the partial flush actuator is adjustable.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPL059992 | 1992-01-28 | ||
| AUPL0599 | 1992-01-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2128781A1 true CA2128781A1 (en) | 1993-08-05 |
Family
ID=3775956
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2128781 Abandoned CA2128781A1 (en) | 1992-01-28 | 1993-01-21 | Dual flush cistern |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2128781A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2277331B (en) |
| HK (1) | HK15897A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ246528A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993015284A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUPM643794A0 (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 1994-07-14 | Dfcu Pty Ltd | Syphonic cistern |
| GB0229014D0 (en) * | 2002-12-12 | 2003-01-15 | Polypipe Bathroom & Kitchen Pr | Valve assembly |
| CN103306350B (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2014-12-10 | 厦门倍杰特科技有限公司 | Button mounting bracket for drain valve |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4149283A (en) * | 1977-08-26 | 1979-04-17 | Calisto Corporation | Toilet with selective volume flush |
| AU547246B2 (en) * | 1983-05-30 | 1985-10-10 | Caroma Industries Limited | Dual flushing compartment |
| AU2903984A (en) * | 1984-06-04 | 1985-12-12 | James Hardie Industries Ltd. | Selective flush cistern |
| US5040247A (en) * | 1987-05-15 | 1991-08-20 | Mini-Flush Corporation | Water closet metering device |
-
1993
- 1993-01-21 GB GB9413845A patent/GB2277331B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-01-21 NZ NZ24652893A patent/NZ246528A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-01-21 WO PCT/AU1993/000027 patent/WO1993015284A1/en active Application Filing
- 1993-01-21 CA CA 2128781 patent/CA2128781A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1997
- 1997-02-13 HK HK15897A patent/HK15897A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2277331A (en) | 1994-10-26 |
| NZ246528A (en) | 1995-12-21 |
| GB2277331B (en) | 1995-08-09 |
| HK15897A (en) | 1997-02-13 |
| GB9413845D0 (en) | 1994-08-31 |
| WO1993015284A1 (en) | 1993-08-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |