CA2121163A1 - Plunger for a ball and seat-type check valve - Google Patents
Plunger for a ball and seat-type check valveInfo
- Publication number
- CA2121163A1 CA2121163A1 CA 2121163 CA2121163A CA2121163A1 CA 2121163 A1 CA2121163 A1 CA 2121163A1 CA 2121163 CA2121163 CA 2121163 CA 2121163 A CA2121163 A CA 2121163A CA 2121163 A1 CA2121163 A1 CA 2121163A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- stem
- valve member
- plunger
- valve
- ball
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- Lift Valve (AREA)
Abstract
The plunger is composite in nature, consisting of two discrete components, a valve member and a stem, secured together. The valve member has a hard, wear-resistant surface and may be entirely formed of a hard material such as a carbide or ceramic, for resisting erosion. It forms an axial bore. The stem is formed of a ductile material, to withstand bending stress. The two components may be bonded together with a sealant.
Description
-- FIELD OF THE INVENTION
2 The present invention relates to an improved valve part for a check valve 3 used in an oilwell downhole rod pump.
The present invention relates to an improved guided valve member of the 6 ball and seat-type check valve described in U.S. Patent 5,117,861 issued to McConnell 7 et al (hereinafter "McConnell"). The present application incorporates by reference the 8 description of the aforementioned patent to McConnell.
9 A conventional downhole rod pump incorporates a pair of ball and seat-type check valves, commonly referred to as a standing valve and a travelling valve. Most prior 11 art valves incorporate a spherical ball operating within a cage and operative to seal 12 against an annular seat. During the pumping of heavy oils, the internals of these prior 13 art valves del-i,nenlally restrict the flow capacity through the check valve. McConnell 14 developed an improved check valve having greater flow capacity.
A description of the patented improved check valve of McConnell is 16 summarized below.
17 McConnell's valve comprises a bottom nose sub, a barrel and a top sub.
18 These components are screwed together to form the outer housing of the valve. The 19 internal components of the valve comprise an annular seat member, a cage and a plunger. The seat member is installed into the bore of the barrel from the bottom, to abut 21 an inwardly projecting shoulder formed by the barrel wall. The seat member is locked in ~ lace and supported by the nose sub. The cage is installed from the top end of the barrel 2 bore, seats on the barrel shoulder and is locked in place by the top sub. The cage 3 comprises upper and lower annular connectors joined by upstanding spaced apart ribs, 4 whereby fluid flow windows are formed. The upper connector has inwardly extending 5 radial webs which form a central aperture. The seal ring similarly has inwardly extending 6 webs which form a central aperture. The plunger comprises a one-piece valve member 7 having upper and lower axially exle".lil,g stem portions. The valve member is a semi-8 spherical ball, of relatively small diameter, which seats to the seat member to close off 9 the flow p~ss~ge extending through the valve. The stem portions reciprocate in the web 10 apertures, guiding the small valve member to keep it from rattling around in the cage.
9 A conventional downhole rod pump incorporates a pair of ball and seat-type check valves, commonly referred to as a standing valve and a travelling valve. Most prior 11 art valves incorporate a spherical ball operating within a cage and operative to seal 12 against an annular seat. During the pumping of heavy oils, the internals of these prior 13 art valves del-i,nenlally restrict the flow capacity through the check valve. McConnell 14 developed an improved check valve having greater flow capacity.
A description of the patented improved check valve of McConnell is 16 summarized below.
17 McConnell's valve comprises a bottom nose sub, a barrel and a top sub.
18 These components are screwed together to form the outer housing of the valve. The 19 internal components of the valve comprise an annular seat member, a cage and a plunger. The seat member is installed into the bore of the barrel from the bottom, to abut 21 an inwardly projecting shoulder formed by the barrel wall. The seat member is locked in ~ lace and supported by the nose sub. The cage is installed from the top end of the barrel 2 bore, seats on the barrel shoulder and is locked in place by the top sub. The cage 3 comprises upper and lower annular connectors joined by upstanding spaced apart ribs, 4 whereby fluid flow windows are formed. The upper connector has inwardly extending 5 radial webs which form a central aperture. The seal ring similarly has inwardly extending 6 webs which form a central aperture. The plunger comprises a one-piece valve member 7 having upper and lower axially exle".lil,g stem portions. The valve member is a semi-8 spherical ball, of relatively small diameter, which seats to the seat member to close off 9 the flow p~ss~ge extending through the valve. The stem portions reciprocate in the web 10 apertures, guiding the small valve member to keep it from rattling around in the cage.
11 The small diameter of the ball, the enlarged flow area above the semi-spherical ball and 12 the enlarged windows combine to increase flow capacity.
13 McConnell's plunger as heretofore supplied has been a unitary structure 14 formed of one material. This plunger has been found to be characterized by several 15 problems. The plunger operates in heavy oils which are typically associated with a 16 relatively large amount of erosive sand. In use, the semi-spherical ball damaged over 17 time by erosive scoring, which caused a loss of seal and reduced pumping efficiency.
18 One countermeasure allempted was to modify the material of construction, forming the 19 one-piece plunger from a hard, wear resistant alloy such as stellite. However, note that, 20 in operation, the plunger reciprocates tens of thousands of time per day. After a short 21 operating period, plungers formed of stellite frequently suffered catastrophic fatigue 22 failures, typically occurring in the region of the stem and ball junction. Any small 212116~
~nisalignment, when the ball and seat met, resulted in a cyclic bending load which the 2 hard, wear-resistant stellite was not well suited to cope with; thereby leading to failure.
3 With this background in mind, it was therefore desirable to provide an 4 improved plunger that would be better adapted to resist erosion by the sand-bearing heavy oils and breakage arising from bending stress.
7 The invention involves providing a composite stem-carrying valve member 8 for use in the check valve. The novel valve member comprises separate ball and stem 9 components formed of different materials and secured together. Each component operates in differing operational and environmental conditions, yet they act together to 11 satisfy the design objectives. The stem, which is the component mainly affected by the 12 repeated bending loads, is formed from a relatively ductile material. The ball, which is 13 the component mainly affected by the erosive wear, is formed from a harder, wear 14 resistant material.
The differences in material between the stem and ball, and the forces 16 imposed thereupon, introduce design difficulties unique to the composite construction.
17 The differential pressure, across the valve member, creates a force which seats the ball 18 to the valve seat. This same force attempts to thrust the stem through the ball. This 19 situation imposes a need for a secure mechanical connection between the stem and ball.
Also, should a leakage path exist, around or through the check valve, this differential 21 pressure causes progressive wear and a further increase in the leakage rate, eventually damaging the valve. The interface of stem and ball provides a leakage path, sufficient 2 to initiate a destructive leakage path.
3 Shoulder means are therefore provided which act to distribute stem loads 4 into the ball, restraining the stem from being thrust through. Bonding means are provided which restrain the ball to the stem when unseated and seal the interface therebetween 6 for preventing the leakage of fluid therethrough.
8 Figure 1 is a simplified side sectional view showing a known check valve of 9 the prior art.
Figure 1a is a side view of the prior art one-piece plunger according to 11 Figure 1.
12 Figure 2 is a partially sectioned side view of the improved composite plunger 13 in accordance with the present invention.
14 Figure 3 is a side sectional view of the wear resistant, semi-spherical valve member according to Figure 2.
16 Figure 4 is a side view of the ductile stem according to Figure 2.
-- DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
2 As shown in Figure 1, a plunger 1 forms part of a known check valve 2.
3 The valve 2 comprises an outer housing 3 formed by a nose sub 4, barrel 5, and top sub 4 6. The housing 3 is generally tubular in form, having a fluid flow p~-ss~ge or bore 7.
Along its length, the barrel 5 forms an inner shoulder 8. An annular seat member 9 is 6 inserted into the barrel 5 from the bottom and is locked in place by the nose sub 4. The 7 seat member 9 forms an annular rounded seat 10. A web 11 extends diametrically 8 across the lower portion of the seat member, forming a central aperture 12. A cage 13 9 is inserted into the barrel 5 from the top and is locked in place by the top sub 6. The cage 13 has an upper web 14 spaced from a bottom ring 15 by multiple upstanding 11 equally spaced ribs 16 which form flow windows. The web 14 forms a central aperture 12 17. Flow passages are formed around the seat member web, through the annular seat, 13 and between the ribs.
14 The plunger 1 is positioned to seat against the annular seat 10 and to reciprocate within the cage 13. As shown individually in Figure 1a, the plunger 1 16 comprises a semi-spherical valve member 18 having axially extending, centrally located 17 upper and lower extending stems 19,20. The stems 19,20 are adapted to fit through 18 the web apertures 17, 12, to guide the valve member 18 during the reciprocating action.
19 In the prior art plunger, the stems 19, 20 and valve member 18 are formed as one piece.
-- Having reference now to Figures 2, 3 and 4, the improved plunger 21 of the 2 present invention is presented. This plunger 21 is a two-part composite, comprising 3 separate stem 22 and valve member 23 components. The valve member 23 (Figure 3) 4 comprises a semi-spherical ball, having an arcuate surface adapted to conform with the 5 rounded seat of the seat ",e",ber 10. The valve member 23 has an axial, central bore 6 24. The stem 22 (Figure 4) comprises a shaft with upper and lower guiding surfaces 25, 7 26. Along its length, the stem 22 forms an outwardly projecting, increased diameter 8 portion or land 27, having a lower shoulder 28. A cylindrical face 29 extends along the 9 stem 22, immediately below the shoulder 28, sized similarly in length to that of the valve 10 member bore 24 and in diameter to fit the bore 24 with a close fit, such as a clearance 11 of about 0.001 " or a friction fit.
12 The stem 22 is inserted into the valve member 23 from the top, the shoulder 13 28 acting to physically stop and appropriately position the valve member 23 on the 14 cylindrical face 29. A minute annular space or interface 30 is formed between the valve member 23 and the cylindrical face 29 of the stem 22.
16 The land 27 is sized sufficiently to distribute the load, from differential fluid 17 pressures acting on the stem 22, onto the valve member 23, preventing the stem 22 from 18 being forced therethrough.
19 The stem 22 is formed of relatively ductile material capable of accepting 20 repeated bending moments without failure.
-- The valve member 23 is formed of hard, wear resistant materials, sufficient 2to operate for long period of time in the environment of flowing fluids containing erosive 3solids (such as heavy oil containing silica sand). These materials are characterised by 4 low ductility.
5The composite construction introduces the need to join the two components 622, 23 together to form a unitary construction and to ensure that there is no leakage of 7fluid along the joining interface. Leakage can result in channelling erosion and eventual 8failure of the plunger 21. An additional complicating factor is that the plunger 21 is 9subjected to a wide range of temperatures, which results in differential thermal expansion 10between the materials of the valve member and the stem.
11Bonding means are provided to retain the valve member 23 to the stem 22 12and seal the annular interface 30. The bonding means comprises a material, introduced 13in a plastic or fluid form, to fill the interface 30. The properties of the bonding means 14subsequently change over time or in accordance with a known treatment to bond the 15valve member 23 to the stem 22. The bonding means is sufficiently strong to seal and 16prevent free passage of fluids through the interface and yet sufficiently plastic to maintain 17the integrity of the seal despite differential thermal expansion.
18The invention is best demonslrated by describing several specific 1 9embodiments.
20The stem 22 can be made from a ductile AISI 17-4PH stainless steel, 21hardened to H-1150. Any similar ductile material could be used. Preferably its surface 22is nitrided to provide wear resistance.
~ The valve member 23 can be made from the wear resistant alloys of cobalt, 2 tungsten, and chromium, such as Stoody 1', available from the Stoody Co. of Industry, 3 CA., or an alloy having nickel added, such as the Stellite2 alloys, available from Deloro 4 Stellite Ltd., England.
For more severe erosive conditions, the material of the valve member 23 6 can be selected from the group of cemented carbides consisting of carbides of tungsten, 7 titanium, tantalum and chromium. These carbides are typically cemented in a cobalt, 8 nickel or cobalt and nickel alloy matrix. The selection of a suitable carbide and a matrix 9 alloy is known by those skilled in the art and is dependent upon the mechanical characteristics desired and the erosive and corrosive nature of the environment. A
11 common cemented carbide is a tungsten carbide (WC) in a cobalt (Co) matrix, formed by 12 powdered metallurgy, sintered in the appropriate shape and subsequently diamond 13 ground. The cemented carbides are brittle and are intolerant of mechanical forms of 14 connection that would produce unacceptable tensile loads.
An optional material to resist severe wear of the valve member 23 can be 16 selected from the group of non-metallic ceramics consisting of oxides of aluminum and 17 zirconium, silicon nitride or titanium di-boride. These materials are finding increased 18 application as machine tools and can possess characteristics similar to the cemented 1 9 carbides.
I trade mark 21 2 trade mark ~ The choice of a suitable bonding means is dependent upon the application 2 temperature, and the material. For temperatures of less than 1 50C, an organic adhesive 3 such as Conapoxy (a registered trademark of Conap, Inc.), model AD-3 is suitable.
4 Practical adhesives for temperatures greater than 1 50C are not known to applicant. The Conapoxy adhesive has a shear strength of 3000 psi. Proper surface preparation, 6 preheating and curing treatment is required particular to the adhesive and is known by 7 those skilled in the art.
8 For higher temperature (~150C) applications, the valve member 23 is 9 bonded to the stem 22 with a brazing technique, such as introducing a silver solder to the interface 30. To avoid uneven heating during the brazing, the entire stem and valve 11 member are uniformly heated using known furnace brazing techniques at 800 to 900C.
12 For ceramics, an active metal braze (such as adding titanium to silver solder alloy) is 3 used.
14 Still another tecl",i~ue for connecting the valve member and stem is to screw thread the latter into the former and to provide an epoxy sealant on the threads to 16 provide the seal.
17 In another embodiment, one can form counterbores into the top and bottom 18 of the valve member and provide the stem in two halves, each of which are friction fit into 19 the counterbores.
It is also within the scope of the invention to hard band the body of the valve 21 member.
~nisalignment, when the ball and seat met, resulted in a cyclic bending load which the 2 hard, wear-resistant stellite was not well suited to cope with; thereby leading to failure.
3 With this background in mind, it was therefore desirable to provide an 4 improved plunger that would be better adapted to resist erosion by the sand-bearing heavy oils and breakage arising from bending stress.
7 The invention involves providing a composite stem-carrying valve member 8 for use in the check valve. The novel valve member comprises separate ball and stem 9 components formed of different materials and secured together. Each component operates in differing operational and environmental conditions, yet they act together to 11 satisfy the design objectives. The stem, which is the component mainly affected by the 12 repeated bending loads, is formed from a relatively ductile material. The ball, which is 13 the component mainly affected by the erosive wear, is formed from a harder, wear 14 resistant material.
The differences in material between the stem and ball, and the forces 16 imposed thereupon, introduce design difficulties unique to the composite construction.
17 The differential pressure, across the valve member, creates a force which seats the ball 18 to the valve seat. This same force attempts to thrust the stem through the ball. This 19 situation imposes a need for a secure mechanical connection between the stem and ball.
Also, should a leakage path exist, around or through the check valve, this differential 21 pressure causes progressive wear and a further increase in the leakage rate, eventually damaging the valve. The interface of stem and ball provides a leakage path, sufficient 2 to initiate a destructive leakage path.
3 Shoulder means are therefore provided which act to distribute stem loads 4 into the ball, restraining the stem from being thrust through. Bonding means are provided which restrain the ball to the stem when unseated and seal the interface therebetween 6 for preventing the leakage of fluid therethrough.
8 Figure 1 is a simplified side sectional view showing a known check valve of 9 the prior art.
Figure 1a is a side view of the prior art one-piece plunger according to 11 Figure 1.
12 Figure 2 is a partially sectioned side view of the improved composite plunger 13 in accordance with the present invention.
14 Figure 3 is a side sectional view of the wear resistant, semi-spherical valve member according to Figure 2.
16 Figure 4 is a side view of the ductile stem according to Figure 2.
-- DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
2 As shown in Figure 1, a plunger 1 forms part of a known check valve 2.
3 The valve 2 comprises an outer housing 3 formed by a nose sub 4, barrel 5, and top sub 4 6. The housing 3 is generally tubular in form, having a fluid flow p~-ss~ge or bore 7.
Along its length, the barrel 5 forms an inner shoulder 8. An annular seat member 9 is 6 inserted into the barrel 5 from the bottom and is locked in place by the nose sub 4. The 7 seat member 9 forms an annular rounded seat 10. A web 11 extends diametrically 8 across the lower portion of the seat member, forming a central aperture 12. A cage 13 9 is inserted into the barrel 5 from the top and is locked in place by the top sub 6. The cage 13 has an upper web 14 spaced from a bottom ring 15 by multiple upstanding 11 equally spaced ribs 16 which form flow windows. The web 14 forms a central aperture 12 17. Flow passages are formed around the seat member web, through the annular seat, 13 and between the ribs.
14 The plunger 1 is positioned to seat against the annular seat 10 and to reciprocate within the cage 13. As shown individually in Figure 1a, the plunger 1 16 comprises a semi-spherical valve member 18 having axially extending, centrally located 17 upper and lower extending stems 19,20. The stems 19,20 are adapted to fit through 18 the web apertures 17, 12, to guide the valve member 18 during the reciprocating action.
19 In the prior art plunger, the stems 19, 20 and valve member 18 are formed as one piece.
-- Having reference now to Figures 2, 3 and 4, the improved plunger 21 of the 2 present invention is presented. This plunger 21 is a two-part composite, comprising 3 separate stem 22 and valve member 23 components. The valve member 23 (Figure 3) 4 comprises a semi-spherical ball, having an arcuate surface adapted to conform with the 5 rounded seat of the seat ",e",ber 10. The valve member 23 has an axial, central bore 6 24. The stem 22 (Figure 4) comprises a shaft with upper and lower guiding surfaces 25, 7 26. Along its length, the stem 22 forms an outwardly projecting, increased diameter 8 portion or land 27, having a lower shoulder 28. A cylindrical face 29 extends along the 9 stem 22, immediately below the shoulder 28, sized similarly in length to that of the valve 10 member bore 24 and in diameter to fit the bore 24 with a close fit, such as a clearance 11 of about 0.001 " or a friction fit.
12 The stem 22 is inserted into the valve member 23 from the top, the shoulder 13 28 acting to physically stop and appropriately position the valve member 23 on the 14 cylindrical face 29. A minute annular space or interface 30 is formed between the valve member 23 and the cylindrical face 29 of the stem 22.
16 The land 27 is sized sufficiently to distribute the load, from differential fluid 17 pressures acting on the stem 22, onto the valve member 23, preventing the stem 22 from 18 being forced therethrough.
19 The stem 22 is formed of relatively ductile material capable of accepting 20 repeated bending moments without failure.
-- The valve member 23 is formed of hard, wear resistant materials, sufficient 2to operate for long period of time in the environment of flowing fluids containing erosive 3solids (such as heavy oil containing silica sand). These materials are characterised by 4 low ductility.
5The composite construction introduces the need to join the two components 622, 23 together to form a unitary construction and to ensure that there is no leakage of 7fluid along the joining interface. Leakage can result in channelling erosion and eventual 8failure of the plunger 21. An additional complicating factor is that the plunger 21 is 9subjected to a wide range of temperatures, which results in differential thermal expansion 10between the materials of the valve member and the stem.
11Bonding means are provided to retain the valve member 23 to the stem 22 12and seal the annular interface 30. The bonding means comprises a material, introduced 13in a plastic or fluid form, to fill the interface 30. The properties of the bonding means 14subsequently change over time or in accordance with a known treatment to bond the 15valve member 23 to the stem 22. The bonding means is sufficiently strong to seal and 16prevent free passage of fluids through the interface and yet sufficiently plastic to maintain 17the integrity of the seal despite differential thermal expansion.
18The invention is best demonslrated by describing several specific 1 9embodiments.
20The stem 22 can be made from a ductile AISI 17-4PH stainless steel, 21hardened to H-1150. Any similar ductile material could be used. Preferably its surface 22is nitrided to provide wear resistance.
~ The valve member 23 can be made from the wear resistant alloys of cobalt, 2 tungsten, and chromium, such as Stoody 1', available from the Stoody Co. of Industry, 3 CA., or an alloy having nickel added, such as the Stellite2 alloys, available from Deloro 4 Stellite Ltd., England.
For more severe erosive conditions, the material of the valve member 23 6 can be selected from the group of cemented carbides consisting of carbides of tungsten, 7 titanium, tantalum and chromium. These carbides are typically cemented in a cobalt, 8 nickel or cobalt and nickel alloy matrix. The selection of a suitable carbide and a matrix 9 alloy is known by those skilled in the art and is dependent upon the mechanical characteristics desired and the erosive and corrosive nature of the environment. A
11 common cemented carbide is a tungsten carbide (WC) in a cobalt (Co) matrix, formed by 12 powdered metallurgy, sintered in the appropriate shape and subsequently diamond 13 ground. The cemented carbides are brittle and are intolerant of mechanical forms of 14 connection that would produce unacceptable tensile loads.
An optional material to resist severe wear of the valve member 23 can be 16 selected from the group of non-metallic ceramics consisting of oxides of aluminum and 17 zirconium, silicon nitride or titanium di-boride. These materials are finding increased 18 application as machine tools and can possess characteristics similar to the cemented 1 9 carbides.
I trade mark 21 2 trade mark ~ The choice of a suitable bonding means is dependent upon the application 2 temperature, and the material. For temperatures of less than 1 50C, an organic adhesive 3 such as Conapoxy (a registered trademark of Conap, Inc.), model AD-3 is suitable.
4 Practical adhesives for temperatures greater than 1 50C are not known to applicant. The Conapoxy adhesive has a shear strength of 3000 psi. Proper surface preparation, 6 preheating and curing treatment is required particular to the adhesive and is known by 7 those skilled in the art.
8 For higher temperature (~150C) applications, the valve member 23 is 9 bonded to the stem 22 with a brazing technique, such as introducing a silver solder to the interface 30. To avoid uneven heating during the brazing, the entire stem and valve 11 member are uniformly heated using known furnace brazing techniques at 800 to 900C.
12 For ceramics, an active metal braze (such as adding titanium to silver solder alloy) is 3 used.
14 Still another tecl",i~ue for connecting the valve member and stem is to screw thread the latter into the former and to provide an epoxy sealant on the threads to 16 provide the seal.
17 In another embodiment, one can form counterbores into the top and bottom 18 of the valve member and provide the stem in two halves, each of which are friction fit into 19 the counterbores.
It is also within the scope of the invention to hard band the body of the valve 21 member.
Claims (3)
1. A composite plunger for use in a check valve, said plunger comprising:
discrete valve member and stem components, said valve member having an annular body forming a central axial bore through which the stem extends so that it protrudes from the top and bottom surfaces of the body, said valve member and stem having a close fit, said valve member being substantially formed of relatively hard, wear-resistant material, said stem being substantially formed of relatively ductile material; and means for bonding the valve member and stem together.
discrete valve member and stem components, said valve member having an annular body forming a central axial bore through which the stem extends so that it protrudes from the top and bottom surfaces of the body, said valve member and stem having a close fit, said valve member being substantially formed of relatively hard, wear-resistant material, said stem being substantially formed of relatively ductile material; and means for bonding the valve member and stem together.
2. The plunger as set forth in claim 1 wherein:
the stem has an upper guide portion, a radially projecting land forming a structural shoulder, a cylindrical portion and a lower guide portion, said cylindrical portion being positioned in the valve member bore, said shoulder bearing on the upper surface of the valve member.
the stem has an upper guide portion, a radially projecting land forming a structural shoulder, a cylindrical portion and a lower guide portion, said cylindrical portion being positioned in the valve member bore, said shoulder bearing on the upper surface of the valve member.
3. The plunger as set forth in claim 1 wherein:
the clearance between the stem and valve member is about 0.001 inches and the valve member is bonded to the stem.
the clearance between the stem and valve member is about 0.001 inches and the valve member is bonded to the stem.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18411994A | 1994-01-21 | 1994-01-21 | |
| US08/184,119 | 1994-01-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2121163A1 true CA2121163A1 (en) | 1995-07-22 |
Family
ID=22675622
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2121163 Abandoned CA2121163A1 (en) | 1994-01-21 | 1994-04-13 | Plunger for a ball and seat-type check valve |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2121163A1 (en) |
-
1994
- 1994-04-13 CA CA 2121163 patent/CA2121163A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |