CA2120899A1 - Avoiding gas pressure build up in transporting crude oil - Google Patents
Avoiding gas pressure build up in transporting crude oilInfo
- Publication number
- CA2120899A1 CA2120899A1 CA 2120899 CA2120899A CA2120899A1 CA 2120899 A1 CA2120899 A1 CA 2120899A1 CA 2120899 CA2120899 CA 2120899 CA 2120899 A CA2120899 A CA 2120899A CA 2120899 A1 CA2120899 A1 CA 2120899A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mercaptans
- hydrogen sulfide
- gases
- scrubber
- transport
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Abstract
AVOIDING GAS PRESSURE BUILD UP IN TRANSPORTING CRUDE OIL
ABSTRACT
An apparatus and process for its use are disclosed which scrub hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans from gases evolved from crude oil and associated liquids during transport. The scrubber includes a disposable, replaceable cartridge containing iron oxide particles supported on moistened calcined, crushed and sized inert mineral particles, but contains no free liquid and maintains no minimum back pressure. Thus, as the rate of gas evolution reduces towards zero, the gas pressure in the tank head space will likewise reduce towards zero.
ABSTRACT
An apparatus and process for its use are disclosed which scrub hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans from gases evolved from crude oil and associated liquids during transport. The scrubber includes a disposable, replaceable cartridge containing iron oxide particles supported on moistened calcined, crushed and sized inert mineral particles, but contains no free liquid and maintains no minimum back pressure. Thus, as the rate of gas evolution reduces towards zero, the gas pressure in the tank head space will likewise reduce towards zero.
Description
2 ~ 9 9 AVOIDING GAS PRESSURE BUILD UP IN TRANSPORTING CRUDE OIL
This application is a continuation-in-part of the fol-lowing United States Patent Applications: Application Serial No.
08/144,815, filed October 29, 1993, entitled "AVOIDING GAS PRES-SURE BUILD UP IN TRANSPORTING CRUDE OIL", pending; Application Serial No. 08/069,073, filed May 28, 1993, entitled "DISPOSABLE
OXIDE FOR SCAVENGING HYDROG~N SULFIDE", pending; and allowed Ap-plication Serial No. 07,879,513, filed May 4, 1992, entitled "DISPOSABLE OXIDE FOR SCAVENGING HYDROGEN SULFIDE", abandoned;
Application Serial No. 07,613,857, filed December 14, 1990, enti-tled "DISPOSABLE OXIDE FOR SCAVENGING HYDROGEN SULFIDE", aban-doned, Application Serial No. 07,498,412, filed March 26, 1990, entitled "DISPOSABLE OXIDE AND CARRIER FOR FLUID STREAM PURIFICA-TION", abandoned; and Application Serial No. 07,400,379, filed August 30, 1989, entitled "DISPOSABLE OXIDE AND CARRIER FOR GAS
STREAM PURIFICATION~, abandoned. ~.
Crude oil as produced from wells may be mixed with water and contain water vapor and other gases dissolved under great pressure; these include sulfur-containing gases, such as -hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans, which are highly objectionable because of odor, flammability and/or toxicity.
Soon after production, crude oil may be placed into mo- -~
bile tanks for transportation away from the well-site, before the dissolved gases have evolved and dissipated. Such gases then evolve from the liquids during transport at an accelerated rate, because of the vibration and agitation that accompanies such movement. The evolved gases will then accumulate in the trans-port tank or be vented to the atmosphere, unless reacted. Allow-ing such gases to accumulate in the tank until it is opened cre-ates the danger of build-up of pressurized gas, and in e~treme case~ could rupture the tank.
Common practice has been to vent these gases from the ,~,, . :. . .
~ 2120899 mobile tank into the atmosphere during transport. However, vent-ing of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans is of environmental con-cern, and is forbidden in some areas. Scrubber apparatus con-taining a bath of liquid, such as arnmonium hydroxide, have been mounted on tank cars and tank trucks; and gases evolving from the tank's contents are bubbled up through the bath so that hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans are reacted. This process has not been widely accepted due to significant limitations. In order to bub-ble through the absorbent liquid bath, gas in the head-space of the tank must build up sufficient pressure to overcome the liquid head of the bath. To operate successfully, the bath must be deep enough for substantially complete mass transfer of the hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans from the gaseous to the liquid phase. The greater the liquid depth, the greater will be the pressure of the gas necessarily exerted between the scrubber and the tank head space, before any gas can pass through the scrubber. Once this pressure is reached, tank pressure remains at this level until the tank is opened, thereby venting the accumulated pressurized gas into the atmosphere.
2~ Other problems associated with this approach are the requirements that the transporters regularly check and maintain the strength of liquid in the device and handle and dispose of the liquid which may be a corrosive absorbent such as ammonia.
Applicants understand that frequency of replacement and problems of handliny and disposition have resulted in reluctance to use that type of scrubber.
The present invention provides an apparatus and a proc-ess for its use that alleviates the problems above set forth.
Gases evolving from crude oil and associated liquids have their hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan content reacted during transport -, while tank pressure reduces toward atmospheric as gas evolution - approaches completion. Further, the present dry cartridge system .
~ 2~2~99 makes operation and replacement easy and trouble-free.
FIG. 1 illustrates apparatus incorporating the present invention mounted on a conventional tank truck. -FIG. 2 illustrates a more detailed rear view of the ap-plication of the present invention to a tank truck as illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of a hydrogen sul-fide adsorbing cartridge of the type used in the present inven-tion. .
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a mobile tank with an at-tached scrubber for removing hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans from gases vented from the tank, generally designated 8l includes a mobile tank 60, having a head space vent 40, means to receive and to discharge such gases, which means may include a scrubber 9, and means 39 to conduct such gases from the head space vent 40 to the scrubber 9, and to vent from the scrubber outlet to the at-mosphere. Means for mounting on the tank may be any obvious means; hence none are shown.
The mobile tank 60 usually is fitted with wheels and is -pulled by a truck, as shown in FIG. 1, or is a railroad tank car.
The tank may be a conventional truck tank of approximately 5000 gallons capacity and having a tank pressure limitation of 15 psig. The scrubber 9 includes a reaction column 10, preferably a replaceable, disposable cartridge, shown in an exploded view in FIG. 3, which includes an upright hollow cylinder or tube 12 hav-ing in inlet end 24 and an outlet end 26 and constructed of a ma-terial which is resistant to the corrosive effects of hydrogen sulfide or mercaptans, preferably polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Referring to FIG. 3, the cartridge 10 has screen sup-port means 15 at its inlet end 24, and filter means 14 at its outlet end 26. The screen support means 15 and filter means 14 are particle-retaining, gas porous discs, preferably of foamed '.;',' . ~., ':
, ~ 2120~99 polypropylene, which have passages or pores small enough to re-tain the material that fills the tube 12 (described below). The screen support means 15 and filter means 14 are retained in the cartridge 10 by preferably expanded metal screens 20. The filter means 14 and screen support means 15 serve to retain in ~he car-tridge 10 the material that fills the tube, while permitting vented gas to flow through.
To retain the expanded metal screens 20, we provide, at each end of the tube 1~, a preferably PVC coupling or sleeve 16, divided at its mid-height by a narrow shoulder 18, against whose inner surface fits the screen support means 15 and filter means 14 as shown in FIG. 3. Outwardly of shoulder 18, the sleeve 16 is preferably internally threaded. A screen 20, which may be ex-panded metal, supports the adjacently-inward screen support means 15 or filter means 14 against substantial deflection and is it-self retained in the sleeve 16 by a threaded bushing 22.
The tube 12 is filled with reactive iron oxide sup-ported on inert particulate porous support particles 30. The ~
iron oxide is of the type which reacts with hydrogen sulfide and ~ -mercaptans and preferably includes a crystalline phase of Fe203 together with an Fe304 moiety. Such iron oxide, supported on calcined, crushed sized and pre-moistened montmorillonite clay is obtainable under tradenamet "SulfaTreat~, from Gas Sweetener As-sociates, Inc., St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A., and results in reac-tion products which are safe, stable and easily disposable. The support particles have been sized to eliminate particles large enough to permit channeled flow of gas therethrough and to elimi-nate particles so small as to obstruct gas flow and are prefer-ably substantially between 4 mesh and 30 mesh in size. - -The ratio of iron oxides relative to the inert carrier particles may vary, but is preferably between 9 and 35 lbs. of iron oxide per 100 lbs. of carrier. The weight of water used to 212~99 pre-moisten the calcined, crushed carrier particles, permeate their pores and fissures so that the oxide particles will adhere thereto, may be about the same as the weight of the particles.
The length and diameter of the tube 12 may be varied to meet conditions encountered in use, such as different capacities of tanks and different levels of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans as well as other dissolved gases in the crude oil and/or associ-ated liquids being transported.
Given the total amount of gases expected to be evolved during transport, for pressure less than 100 psig., the inner di-ameter of the tube 12 rnay be designed to give a predictable back pressure by using the empirically-determined formula:
Pt ~ Pa = 0.007(v)(h) = 0.007 (4Vh)/~ D2 where: Pt = Tank pressure, psig.
Pa = Atmospheric pressure, 0 psig.
v = Gas velocity, ft./min.
h = Height of bed, ft.
D = Cylinder inner diameter, ft.
V = Gas flow rate, ft.3min.
The height of the cylinder 12, and thus the volume of the bed of supported iron oxide particles 30, is then determined by the diameter of the cylinder, the loading of iron oxide on the carrier particles, the content of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans in the gas, and the reactive capacity of said iron oxide. Thus, if one knows how much gas will be evolved and their hydrogen sul-fide and mercaptan content, a cartridge may be designed to react all evolved hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans while never exceeding a selected maximum back pressure. Since the cartridge 10 con-tains no free liquid in the bed 30, it will present no minimum back pressure to gas flowing through it and pressure drop will approach zero as gas flow rate approaches zero.
- 212~)~99 Preliminary tests indicate that a cartridge 10 of 6"
inner diameter and of 48" height may be sufficient for reacting gas evolved from several tank-loads of 6% hydroyen sulfide crude, in a 5000 gal. tank truck.
The application of the present invention to a tank truck is illustrated in FIG. 2. Gases pass from the tank 60 via its head space vent 40 into a means to conduct the gas 39 which includes a generally "Un-shaped pipe segment 41 at the lowest part of which is a drain 42 to remove liquid as often as may be necessary to avoid free passage of gases from the tank head space. The other end of the "U"-shaped segment leads into the lower port 46 of a four-port connector, or cross 44, preferably of a 4" sch 80 PVC piping system. A second port 47 accommodates a pressure relief valve 48 which permits high-pressure gas flow to bypass the cartridge 10. A vacuum breaker 50 is mounted in the opposite side port 49; it opens to permit air to enter the system rapidly anytime a vacuum is placed on the tank. The upper port 52 receives the cartridge 10 with conventional piping compo- ~-nents. The upper end of the cartridge is connected to a vent 54 through which the scrubbed gases are released to the atmosphere.
Use of the present invention involves filling said mo-bile tank 60 with the liquid to be transported and joltingly transporting the liquid from the loading site to the unloading point; thus continuing such jolting transport as the consequent evolution and release of gases proceeds at a progressively less-ening rate. Hence, their scrubbing and discharge proceeds at a progressively lessened scrubber-induced back pressure. On com-pletion of transport, the unscrubbed gases in the tank head space, including unreacted hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans, are released to the atmosphere. Since the scrubber of the present invention maintains no minimum back pressure, the gases remaining in the head space will necessarily be at a lower pressure (and, 2~0899 thus in lessened amount) than if a scrubber which maintains some minimum back pressure had been used.
An advantage of the process using the present invention is that the acceleration of dissolved gas evolution caused by transport, when combined with venting through a scrubber which maintains no minimum back pressure, turns the former problem of releasing harmful gases to the atmosphere into the advantage of quickly removing such gases from the liquids being transported and reacting the gases into safe, stable products during trans-port.
The term ~mobile tanks" includes tank cars and tank trucks.
The term, "crude oil and associated liquids", includes any mixture of crude oil, other hydrocarbon liguids and/or water which is produced during oil or gas drilling operations and which may occur either before or after a separation operation performed after production.
As various modifications may be made in the procedures herein described and illustrated without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the foregoing description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall ~e taken a8 illustrat1ve rather than limiting.
7 ~
This application is a continuation-in-part of the fol-lowing United States Patent Applications: Application Serial No.
08/144,815, filed October 29, 1993, entitled "AVOIDING GAS PRES-SURE BUILD UP IN TRANSPORTING CRUDE OIL", pending; Application Serial No. 08/069,073, filed May 28, 1993, entitled "DISPOSABLE
OXIDE FOR SCAVENGING HYDROG~N SULFIDE", pending; and allowed Ap-plication Serial No. 07,879,513, filed May 4, 1992, entitled "DISPOSABLE OXIDE FOR SCAVENGING HYDROGEN SULFIDE", abandoned;
Application Serial No. 07,613,857, filed December 14, 1990, enti-tled "DISPOSABLE OXIDE FOR SCAVENGING HYDROGEN SULFIDE", aban-doned, Application Serial No. 07,498,412, filed March 26, 1990, entitled "DISPOSABLE OXIDE AND CARRIER FOR FLUID STREAM PURIFICA-TION", abandoned; and Application Serial No. 07,400,379, filed August 30, 1989, entitled "DISPOSABLE OXIDE AND CARRIER FOR GAS
STREAM PURIFICATION~, abandoned. ~.
Crude oil as produced from wells may be mixed with water and contain water vapor and other gases dissolved under great pressure; these include sulfur-containing gases, such as -hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans, which are highly objectionable because of odor, flammability and/or toxicity.
Soon after production, crude oil may be placed into mo- -~
bile tanks for transportation away from the well-site, before the dissolved gases have evolved and dissipated. Such gases then evolve from the liquids during transport at an accelerated rate, because of the vibration and agitation that accompanies such movement. The evolved gases will then accumulate in the trans-port tank or be vented to the atmosphere, unless reacted. Allow-ing such gases to accumulate in the tank until it is opened cre-ates the danger of build-up of pressurized gas, and in e~treme case~ could rupture the tank.
Common practice has been to vent these gases from the ,~,, . :. . .
~ 2120899 mobile tank into the atmosphere during transport. However, vent-ing of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans is of environmental con-cern, and is forbidden in some areas. Scrubber apparatus con-taining a bath of liquid, such as arnmonium hydroxide, have been mounted on tank cars and tank trucks; and gases evolving from the tank's contents are bubbled up through the bath so that hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans are reacted. This process has not been widely accepted due to significant limitations. In order to bub-ble through the absorbent liquid bath, gas in the head-space of the tank must build up sufficient pressure to overcome the liquid head of the bath. To operate successfully, the bath must be deep enough for substantially complete mass transfer of the hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans from the gaseous to the liquid phase. The greater the liquid depth, the greater will be the pressure of the gas necessarily exerted between the scrubber and the tank head space, before any gas can pass through the scrubber. Once this pressure is reached, tank pressure remains at this level until the tank is opened, thereby venting the accumulated pressurized gas into the atmosphere.
2~ Other problems associated with this approach are the requirements that the transporters regularly check and maintain the strength of liquid in the device and handle and dispose of the liquid which may be a corrosive absorbent such as ammonia.
Applicants understand that frequency of replacement and problems of handliny and disposition have resulted in reluctance to use that type of scrubber.
The present invention provides an apparatus and a proc-ess for its use that alleviates the problems above set forth.
Gases evolving from crude oil and associated liquids have their hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan content reacted during transport -, while tank pressure reduces toward atmospheric as gas evolution - approaches completion. Further, the present dry cartridge system .
~ 2~2~99 makes operation and replacement easy and trouble-free.
FIG. 1 illustrates apparatus incorporating the present invention mounted on a conventional tank truck. -FIG. 2 illustrates a more detailed rear view of the ap-plication of the present invention to a tank truck as illustrated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 illustrates an exploded view of a hydrogen sul-fide adsorbing cartridge of the type used in the present inven-tion. .
Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a mobile tank with an at-tached scrubber for removing hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans from gases vented from the tank, generally designated 8l includes a mobile tank 60, having a head space vent 40, means to receive and to discharge such gases, which means may include a scrubber 9, and means 39 to conduct such gases from the head space vent 40 to the scrubber 9, and to vent from the scrubber outlet to the at-mosphere. Means for mounting on the tank may be any obvious means; hence none are shown.
The mobile tank 60 usually is fitted with wheels and is -pulled by a truck, as shown in FIG. 1, or is a railroad tank car.
The tank may be a conventional truck tank of approximately 5000 gallons capacity and having a tank pressure limitation of 15 psig. The scrubber 9 includes a reaction column 10, preferably a replaceable, disposable cartridge, shown in an exploded view in FIG. 3, which includes an upright hollow cylinder or tube 12 hav-ing in inlet end 24 and an outlet end 26 and constructed of a ma-terial which is resistant to the corrosive effects of hydrogen sulfide or mercaptans, preferably polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Referring to FIG. 3, the cartridge 10 has screen sup-port means 15 at its inlet end 24, and filter means 14 at its outlet end 26. The screen support means 15 and filter means 14 are particle-retaining, gas porous discs, preferably of foamed '.;',' . ~., ':
, ~ 2120~99 polypropylene, which have passages or pores small enough to re-tain the material that fills the tube 12 (described below). The screen support means 15 and filter means 14 are retained in the cartridge 10 by preferably expanded metal screens 20. The filter means 14 and screen support means 15 serve to retain in ~he car-tridge 10 the material that fills the tube, while permitting vented gas to flow through.
To retain the expanded metal screens 20, we provide, at each end of the tube 1~, a preferably PVC coupling or sleeve 16, divided at its mid-height by a narrow shoulder 18, against whose inner surface fits the screen support means 15 and filter means 14 as shown in FIG. 3. Outwardly of shoulder 18, the sleeve 16 is preferably internally threaded. A screen 20, which may be ex-panded metal, supports the adjacently-inward screen support means 15 or filter means 14 against substantial deflection and is it-self retained in the sleeve 16 by a threaded bushing 22.
The tube 12 is filled with reactive iron oxide sup-ported on inert particulate porous support particles 30. The ~
iron oxide is of the type which reacts with hydrogen sulfide and ~ -mercaptans and preferably includes a crystalline phase of Fe203 together with an Fe304 moiety. Such iron oxide, supported on calcined, crushed sized and pre-moistened montmorillonite clay is obtainable under tradenamet "SulfaTreat~, from Gas Sweetener As-sociates, Inc., St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A., and results in reac-tion products which are safe, stable and easily disposable. The support particles have been sized to eliminate particles large enough to permit channeled flow of gas therethrough and to elimi-nate particles so small as to obstruct gas flow and are prefer-ably substantially between 4 mesh and 30 mesh in size. - -The ratio of iron oxides relative to the inert carrier particles may vary, but is preferably between 9 and 35 lbs. of iron oxide per 100 lbs. of carrier. The weight of water used to 212~99 pre-moisten the calcined, crushed carrier particles, permeate their pores and fissures so that the oxide particles will adhere thereto, may be about the same as the weight of the particles.
The length and diameter of the tube 12 may be varied to meet conditions encountered in use, such as different capacities of tanks and different levels of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans as well as other dissolved gases in the crude oil and/or associ-ated liquids being transported.
Given the total amount of gases expected to be evolved during transport, for pressure less than 100 psig., the inner di-ameter of the tube 12 rnay be designed to give a predictable back pressure by using the empirically-determined formula:
Pt ~ Pa = 0.007(v)(h) = 0.007 (4Vh)/~ D2 where: Pt = Tank pressure, psig.
Pa = Atmospheric pressure, 0 psig.
v = Gas velocity, ft./min.
h = Height of bed, ft.
D = Cylinder inner diameter, ft.
V = Gas flow rate, ft.3min.
The height of the cylinder 12, and thus the volume of the bed of supported iron oxide particles 30, is then determined by the diameter of the cylinder, the loading of iron oxide on the carrier particles, the content of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans in the gas, and the reactive capacity of said iron oxide. Thus, if one knows how much gas will be evolved and their hydrogen sul-fide and mercaptan content, a cartridge may be designed to react all evolved hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans while never exceeding a selected maximum back pressure. Since the cartridge 10 con-tains no free liquid in the bed 30, it will present no minimum back pressure to gas flowing through it and pressure drop will approach zero as gas flow rate approaches zero.
- 212~)~99 Preliminary tests indicate that a cartridge 10 of 6"
inner diameter and of 48" height may be sufficient for reacting gas evolved from several tank-loads of 6% hydroyen sulfide crude, in a 5000 gal. tank truck.
The application of the present invention to a tank truck is illustrated in FIG. 2. Gases pass from the tank 60 via its head space vent 40 into a means to conduct the gas 39 which includes a generally "Un-shaped pipe segment 41 at the lowest part of which is a drain 42 to remove liquid as often as may be necessary to avoid free passage of gases from the tank head space. The other end of the "U"-shaped segment leads into the lower port 46 of a four-port connector, or cross 44, preferably of a 4" sch 80 PVC piping system. A second port 47 accommodates a pressure relief valve 48 which permits high-pressure gas flow to bypass the cartridge 10. A vacuum breaker 50 is mounted in the opposite side port 49; it opens to permit air to enter the system rapidly anytime a vacuum is placed on the tank. The upper port 52 receives the cartridge 10 with conventional piping compo- ~-nents. The upper end of the cartridge is connected to a vent 54 through which the scrubbed gases are released to the atmosphere.
Use of the present invention involves filling said mo-bile tank 60 with the liquid to be transported and joltingly transporting the liquid from the loading site to the unloading point; thus continuing such jolting transport as the consequent evolution and release of gases proceeds at a progressively less-ening rate. Hence, their scrubbing and discharge proceeds at a progressively lessened scrubber-induced back pressure. On com-pletion of transport, the unscrubbed gases in the tank head space, including unreacted hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans, are released to the atmosphere. Since the scrubber of the present invention maintains no minimum back pressure, the gases remaining in the head space will necessarily be at a lower pressure (and, 2~0899 thus in lessened amount) than if a scrubber which maintains some minimum back pressure had been used.
An advantage of the process using the present invention is that the acceleration of dissolved gas evolution caused by transport, when combined with venting through a scrubber which maintains no minimum back pressure, turns the former problem of releasing harmful gases to the atmosphere into the advantage of quickly removing such gases from the liquids being transported and reacting the gases into safe, stable products during trans-port.
The term ~mobile tanks" includes tank cars and tank trucks.
The term, "crude oil and associated liquids", includes any mixture of crude oil, other hydrocarbon liguids and/or water which is produced during oil or gas drilling operations and which may occur either before or after a separation operation performed after production.
As various modifications may be made in the procedures herein described and illustrated without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the foregoing description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall ~e taken a8 illustrat1ve rather than limiting.
7 ~
Claims (6)
1. For lessening the discharge to the atmosphere of hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans contained in gases accumulated in the head space of mobile tanks as the result of jolting in trans-port, the tank content comprising liquid containing dissolved gases including hydrogen sulfide and/or mercaptans, the process comprising the steps of joltingly transporting such liquids in such mobile tank having its head space vented through a scrubber for hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans, said scrubber being of a type which imposes no minimum back pressure, continuing such jolting transport a the consequent evolution and release of gases proceeds at a progressively lessening rate, whereby their scrubbing and discharge proceeds at a progressively lessened scrubber-imposed back pressure, and on completion of transport, releasing unscrubbed gases from such head space to the atmos-phere, whereby, a lesser amount of unscrubbed gas is released to the atmosphere than if the scrubber were of the type which im-poses some minimum back pressure.
2. Apparatus to transport and simultaneously cleanse crude oil and associated liquids of dissolved gases including hy-drogen sulfide and mercaptans whose release from solution is ac-celerated by agitation in transport, comprising a mobile tank in-cluding a head space vent, a scrubber including a reaction column mounted thereon and in which reactive iron oxide is supported on inert particles, which column contains no liquid and imposes no minimum back pressure on said tank and means to conduct gas from said head space vent to said column and to vent said column to the atmosphere, whereby gases released from crude oil and associ-ated liquids in transport may be vented to the atmosphere cleansed of hydrogen sulfide and whereby mercaptans and scrubber-induced back pressure reduces progressively towards zero as gas evolution approaches completion.
3. Apparatus as defined in Claim 2, wherein said scrubber is substantially an upright hollow cylinder containing inert particulate porous support particles pre-moistened and thereby holding on their surfaces iron oxide particles of the type reactive to hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans, the inner di-ameter of said cylinder being so sized as to maintain back pres-sure below a selected maximum at some expected maximum gas flow rate, and the height of said hollow cylinder being so sized along with said inner diameter as to provide a volume which, when filled with said supported iron oxide particles, provides reac-tive capacity at least sufficient to react all hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans expected to be evolved during transport.
4. Apparatus as defined in Claim 3, wherein said hol-low cylinder and its contents together comprise a replaceable, disposable cartridge, having screen support means at an inlet end and filter means at an outlet end, said cartridge being filled between said filter means and said screen support means with par-ticles of a mineral inert to hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans, which mineral has been calcined, crushed and sized to eliminate particles large enough to permit channeled flow of gas therethrough and to eliminate particles so small as to obstruct gas flow, in combination with particles of an iron oxide reactive to hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans borne on the surfaces of said mineral particles.
5. Apparatus as defined in Claim 2, wherein said reac-tive iron oxide includes a crystalline phase of Fe2O3 together with an Fe3O4 moiety.
6. Apparatus to transport and simultaneously cleanse crude oil and associated liquids of dissolved gases including hy-drogen sulfide and mercaptans whose release from solution is ac-celerated by agitation in transport, comprising a mobile tank in-cluding a head space vent, and means to receive from said head space vent those gases which may evolve from solution, to react hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans therefrom, and to discharge the unreacted evolved gases to the atmosphere, said means being of the type whose induced back pressure reduces progressively to-wards zero as the rate of such gas evolution approaches zero.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/069,073 US5320992A (en) | 1989-08-30 | 1993-05-28 | Disposable oxide carrier for scavenging hydrogen sulfide |
| US08/069,073 | 1993-05-28 | ||
| US14481593A | 1993-10-29 | 1993-10-29 | |
| US08/144,815 | 1993-10-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2120899A1 true CA2120899A1 (en) | 1994-11-29 |
Family
ID=26749654
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2120899 Abandoned CA2120899A1 (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1994-04-08 | Avoiding gas pressure build up in transporting crude oil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2120899A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8771406B1 (en) | 2013-02-21 | 2014-07-08 | Ken Elliott | Transport tank with high capacity gas scrubbing |
-
1994
- 1994-04-08 CA CA 2120899 patent/CA2120899A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8771406B1 (en) | 2013-02-21 | 2014-07-08 | Ken Elliott | Transport tank with high capacity gas scrubbing |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |