CA2117022C - Composting apparatus and method - Google Patents
Composting apparatus and methodInfo
- Publication number
- CA2117022C CA2117022C CA002117022A CA2117022A CA2117022C CA 2117022 C CA2117022 C CA 2117022C CA 002117022 A CA002117022 A CA 002117022A CA 2117022 A CA2117022 A CA 2117022A CA 2117022 C CA2117022 C CA 2117022C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- decomposition chamber
- outlet
- inlet
- chamber
- decomposition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
A composting apparatus is provided herein utilizing a vessel for receiving organic material which is rotatably supported. In one embodiment, the vessel comprises a body including a decomposition chamber, the body being fabricated from a section of corrugated metal pipe having helical corrugations extending around the exterior and interior wall surfaces of the pipe. In another embodiment, the body, including the decomposition chamber, is formed of a particularly recited structure of a pair of containers formed of synthetic plastic material, the joint having a controlled leakage structure. In each embodiment, the body has an inlet at one end and an outlet at the opposite end.
A structure is provided for each embodiment for rotatively supporting the body. A motor is provided for rotating the body. Elevation structure is provided to position the body to control residence time and accomodate loading and unloading. Baffles extend axially along the internal wall of the decomposition chamber, the baffles being adapted to mix the organic material and to move the material between the inlet and the outlet as the body rotates at the predetermined speed and the rotational direction as decomposition occurs.
A structure is provided for each embodiment for rotatively supporting the body. A motor is provided for rotating the body. Elevation structure is provided to position the body to control residence time and accomodate loading and unloading. Baffles extend axially along the internal wall of the decomposition chamber, the baffles being adapted to mix the organic material and to move the material between the inlet and the outlet as the body rotates at the predetermined speed and the rotational direction as decomposition occurs.
Description
The present invention relates to an apparatus and me~hod for the decomposition of organic materials such as yard waste, waste paper and the like. For many years, it has been common practice for gardeners to make compost from leaves, grass clippings, food waste and the like. The material is generally placed in a pile or in a compost bin which is then periodically agitated and over a period of time the inorganic material will naturally decompose becoming converted into a nutrient rich humus. The resnlting humus material is extremely beneficial to gardeners as the material can be mixed with soil or spread over the exicting soil to provide a protective plant covering, reducing evaporation and protecting plants from heat and cold and also enhances the existing soil. The compost covering also promotes germination of seeds and plants. Composting is attract*e to gardeners for these benefits and further because composting reducesthe volume of household waste that is deposited into landfills.
Composting basically is a controlled biological decomposition of organic material under aerobic conditions. The process relies on naturally occurring microorg~nicmc, mainly bacteria and fungi, to break down organic compounds into simpler substances.
Several methods of composting are used today, either on a small scale basis by individuals or in larger operations where commercial operators and municipalities conduct waste management facilities. One common method of composting is termed the "windrow" method in which compostable material is simply placed in windrows. The windrows are periodically turned to increase the exposure to oxygen. In addition, the windrows may be watered periodically to maintain a predetermined moisture content for proper decomposition conditions.
This method is more widely practiced in Europe.
Various modified forms of the windrowing method may also be found. In some applications, the compostable material is simply placed in piles and covered.
The material may be wetted and bacteria added. Aeration is accomplished by introducing oxygen to the compost piles through a distribution system.
As an alternative to the windrow or static aeration methods of composting, in-vessel composting is also known. In-vessel composting devices offer some advantages including better process control, higher rate decomposition and better odor control. Odor control is a major concel u of composting systems. Various in-vessel composting and other type units and other systems can be found in the prior art patents.
U. S. Patent No. 2,699,629 shows a device for mulching vegetable plants in which organic refuse material such as garbage, manure, dried leaves, grass clippings and other materials are placed in a water suspension to cause mechanical disintegration. The free-flowing pulp mixture is then sprayed to provide an in~ul~ting protective area covering the soil ~ull~unding the plant and to retain moisture therein.
U. S. Patent No. 3,269,824 discloses a soil conditioning pellet which consists essentially of a carrier of re-pulped and coulplessed waste paper fiber along with a mixture of soil fertilizing ingredients absorbed therein.
U.S. Patent No. 3,942,769 discloses a composting unit comprising a container mounted in an elevated position for rotation about a substantially-horizontal axis. A door is provided in the container through which the material to be composted can be loaded into the container. The drum or container is manually rotated periodically.
U.S. patent No. 4,067,140 discloses a method of making mulch in which finely divided fibers of paper are coated with a mixture of a solvent or carrier, e.g., water, a wetting agent and a dye. The finely divided fibers of paper are contacted with the mixture by tumbling in a drum.
While the above-described apparatus and methods for composting and for the utilization and decomposition of water paper are known, such apparatus and methods have not gained large acceptance by the individual homeowner for various reasons. The prior systems generally require substantial attention, as for example, the homeowner must periodically turn the material manually in a drum. The devices found in the prior art also often emit objection-able odors and attract flies and other insects.
Thus, there exists a need for a simple, effective andhighly efficient composting system which may be utilized both by the individual gardener or homeowner and also which may be used on a larger scale for municipal and commercial waste treatment systems.
Briefly, the present invention comprehends a composter for residential and commercial use for receiving and decomposing organic materials and discharging a compost.
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-In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a body having a wall with exterior and interior surfaces defining a decomposition chamber, the body being fabricated from a section of corrugated metal pipe of the type having helical corrugations extending around the exterior and interior wall surfaces of the pipe, the body having an inlet at one end and an outlet at the opposite end, a frame having support means for rotatively supporting the body thereon, drive means including motor means for rotating the body in a predetermined rotational direction and at a predetermined rotational speed, elevation means for selectively position-ing the body in a predetermined position to control residence time within the decomposition chamber and to accommodate loading and unloading, and baffles extending axially along the internal wall of the decomposition chamber, the baffles, along with the interior helical corrugations, being adapted to mix the organic material and to move the material between the inlet and the outlet as the body rotates at the predetermined speed and the rotational direction as decomposition occurs.
By one variant thereof at least one of the inlet and the outlet is provided with openings for admission of air into the decomposition chamber.
By another variant thereof, the apparatus further includes heat exchange means extending into the decom-position chamber for circulating a heat exchange fluid through the chamber to control the temperature within the chamber.
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By yet another variant, the inlet and the outlet each are truncated conical members, and the inlet is provided with a latched door.
By another embodiment of this invention an apparatus is provided for receiving and decomposing organic material and discharging a compost, the apparatus comprising a body defining a decomposition chamber having baffles therein, the body being comprised of a pair of containers formed of a synthetic plastic material, each container having a bottom wall, a side wall and each having an open upper end defined by a flange extending peripherally about the upper edge of the side wall, the containers being disposed in open-end-to-open-end relationship and having an annular channel member disposed therebetween to permit controlled leakage from the decomposition chamber, the channel member having flanges engaging the respective flanges of each of the containers and providing rigidity to the body, the body having an outlet at one end, a base including a cradle and roller means for supporting the body for rotation, drive means for rotating the body including a pair of friction wheels engaging the channel member at locations on opposite sides of a vertical axis through the body with at least one of the wheels being driven by a motor, and elevation means for selectively positioning the cradle and the body in a predetermined position to control residence time within the decomposition chamber and to accommodate loading and unloading.
4 a 211iO22 By one variant thereof, the apparatus further includes timer means for selectively controlling the operation of the drive means.
By another variant thereof, the apparatus further includes heat exchanger means extending into the decomposition chamber for circulating a heat exchange fluid therethrough to control the temperature in the decomposition chamber.
By still a further variant thereof, the baffles are positioned in the decomposition chamber to mix and move organic material from the inlet to the outlet as decomposition occurs.
By a still further variant thereof, the cradle includes bearing means engaging the body for rotational movement.
By yet another variant thereof, the apparatus includes classifier means associated with the outlet for classifying the organic material as it is discharged from the rotating body. By a variation thereof, the classifier means comprises a chute and a screen extending across the chute.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the composting apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 1;
4 b -Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 of Figure 1;
Figure 5 is a detail view of a portion of the roller and track assembly as indicated in Figure 4;
Figure 6 is a sectional view taken along lines 6-6 of Figure 1;
Figure 7 is a detail view illustrating an alternate drive arrangement for the composting drums;
Figure 8 is a detail view of the motor mounting and track;
Figure 9 is a sectional view taken along line 9-9 of Figure 2;
Figure 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the composting process carried out by the apparatus as shown in Figures 1 to 9;
4 c -Figure 11 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the composting apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 12 is a sectional view taken along line 12-12 of Figure 11;
Figure 13 is a sectional view taken along line 13-13 of Figure 11;
Figure 14 is a sectional view taken along line 14-14 of Figure 11;
Figure 15 is a sectional view taken along line 15-15 of Figure 12;
Figure 16 is a detail view of the joint interconnecting the container sections;
Figure 17 is a cross sectional view illustrating an optional trunnion mounting for a tilting axis of the device shown in Figure 11;
Figure 18 is a perspective view of an alternate drum and drive arrangement;
and Figure 19 is a detail view of the drive arrangement of Figure 18.
Turning now to the drawings, Figure 10 illustrates in schematic form a representative composting process as carried out by the various embodiments of the present invention. The composting device, as will be more fully described h~reafler, is generally design~ted by the numeral 10. The composting device has an inlet 12 with a chamber 14 into which material to be composted is charged.
The inlet also permits air to enter into the composting chamber 14 inasmuch as composting is an aerobic process. Although the diagram is shown with reference to the apparatus of Figure 1, the schematic diagram is representative of the process carried out by the various embodiments of the invention described herein.
-As indicated in Figure 10, a variety of organic materials may be used as starting materials for composting which are broken down into more simple substances for gardening and similar uses. These materials indicated may consist of wood shavings, yard waste, food scraps and the like. Additional nitrogen may be added as indicated with the preferred carbon-to-nitrogen ratio being between 15-1 to 30-1. Various nitrogen sources may be utilized, e.g., nitrogen-containing fertilizer, urea and the like.
) Bacteria or fungus cultures may also be added accelerate the process. It is also desirable to add water to the compost materials to maintain moisture content of approximately 40~ to 60~ by weight.
A primary source of compost material is waste paper, primarily newsprint. Newsprint can be a valuable source of composting material and it is preferable first to shred the material to reduce composting time. Yard waste, leaves and waste food may also be used as a starting material and also may be first shredded as indicated prior to introduction into the composter 10. Over a period of time, aerobic decomposition proceeds and the resulting composting material is discharged at the outlet 16 of the composter 10 and delivered to a bin 20 for subsequent use, e.g., application to a garden or to be mixed with soil.
Turning to the drawings, particularly Figures through 9, a preferred embodiment of the composter of the present invention is shown as has been indicated above and is generally designated by the numeral 10. The composter is shown having a generally-elongate cylindrical body 22 which defines composting chamber 14. The cylindrical body 22 is formed having a plurality of helical 6 a convolutions 24 which extend contilluously from the lower inlet end to the upper outlet end. A particularly co.lvenient construction is the utilization of a large corrugated pipe such as a culvert for the body 22. The discharge end 16 is provided with a truncated conical cap having an end surface 25 which defines an opening 28 through which the compost may be discharged into a receiving bin 20 or other receptacle. The inlet end 12 is also provided with a generally conical cap 32 which is truncated having a surface 34 which defines an inlet opening 36 through which material to be composted is introduced into the internal composting chamber 14. A circular door 38 has a hinge 44 at one side and a latch mechanism 46 at the opposite side so the door can be unlatched and swung upwardly to provide access to the composting chamber 14.
The internal walls of the cylindrical chamber 14 are provided with a plurality of longitudinally extending baffles 50 which are shown as sections of angle iron having a flange 52 extending radially into the chamber. Preferably the baffles extend substantially the entire length of the composting chamber 14 or are segmented and overlapped to effectively extend the full length of the chamber so that material is urged from the inlet end to the outlet end by the combined action of the helical convolutions 24 and the baffles 50. Figure 3 illustrates the typical arrangement for the baffles about the interior periphery of the body 22 with three equally-spaced baffles being shown.
The composter 10 is preferably positioned for operation in a slightly elevated position with the discharge end elevated ap~ tely 20. The length of the chamber and inclination will determine the residence time which may vary with the make-up of the starting material, available nitrogen, moisture and other process factors. The device may be positioned on a stationary base but for cou~enience of operation, prerelably has a mobile frame with longitudinally extending side frame members 56 and transverse frame members 58 extending between the longitudinal members. Wheel assemblies 60 are provided at opposite sides of the frame disposed towards the outlet end. An adjustable jack stand 62 is provided at the opposite end of the frame to adjustably support the unit. This allows the device to be transported to a use-site and then leveled.
The discharge end of the composter is supported for rotation as best seen in Figures 2, 4 and 5. Generally a flat band-like track 70 extends circumferentially about the body æ of the composter adjacent the outlet end. Circular roller support band 72 extends circum~re~lially about the body of the composter spaced apart from the track 70. The roller support band is attached to ~ch~tors 75 vertically extending from the frame at opposite sides of the composter body. The ~chl~tors 75 may be hydraulic members or may be, as shown, screw jack members electrically operated by motor 78 which will selectively raise or lower the discharge end of the composter. The upper end of the jacks are pivotally attached at 82 to the exterior of the roller support band 72.
The roller support band carries a plurality of roller assemblies 86. The roller assemblies each have a roller 88 carried on axle 90. The rollers engage the exterior of the track 70. The position and spacing of the roller assemblies may -vary with, as shown in figure 4, four equally spaced-apart assemblies being typical.
To maintain the rollers on the track, the edges of the track are provided with upstanding flanges 94 which are closely spaced from the opposite sides of the rollers to maintain the proper aligllulent.
The lower or inlet end 12 of the composter is pivotally mounted on the frame as seen in Figure 9 to accommodate varying the inclination of the composter. A pair of spaced-apart flanges 100 and 102 extend duwllw~rdly from support band 112 to receive transversely-extending axle 106 which is carried on axle support 108 centrally mounted on the transverse main frame member 110. The pivot assembly supports circular roller support rim 112 which carries a plurality of roller members 114 which engage track 116 which extends cir-;uulLelentially at the inlet end of the composter body 22. The circumferential track is provided with upstanding flanges which are closely spaced ~om the sides of the rollers 114 to maintain the rollers on the track.
As indicated above, the composting process is enhanced if the contents are periodically or perhaps even conliuuously tumbled or agitated. Further, with the device as shown, the baffles and helical convolutions will cause the material to advance from the input end to the output end of the composter as rotation occurs.
To impart rotation to the composter, drive motor 130 is mounted on a platform 122 which projects from the roller support rim 112. The output shaft of the drive motor 130 carries a pulley 131. The details of the motor mounting is best seen in Figures 1, 2, 6 and 8. A belt track 136 extends peripherally about the lower end of the body 22 of the composter disposed adjacent the lower roller track.
The belt track may be an elastomeric material which has suitable frictional characteristics or may include a plurality of teeth or projections. Drive belt 140 extends about the belt track 136 and pulley 131 and upon energization of the motor 130, will cause the composter body to rotate at a predetermined rate of rotation, generally in the range of 1/2 to 2 rpm. Preferably the motor has a motor control which includes a timer 146 which may be adjusted to periodically turn the motor on and off as determined by the process requirements. The motor 130 may be a reversing motor as in some applications, periodic reversal will enhance mixing of the contents.
In use, the composter of the present invention is mobile and may be transported to a use site on the mobile trailer frame and erected and leveled at stand 62. The discharge end of the composter is elevated to the desired position by the screw jack 75. A bin 20 is placed beneath the discharge end to receive the compost material. The compost material, of the type shown in Figure 10, is charged into the device along with moisture, nitrogen and bacteria or fungus cultures if required. The materials are charged through inlet door 46 and the composting process will begin. Periodically, the device is rotated by motor 130 under the control of timer 146. As rotation occurs, the compost material will slowly advance from the input to the discharge end. The rotation time is selected so that by the time the material reaches the discharge port 28, the composting process is complete and digested material ready for use is discharged into bin 20.
Figure 7 shows an alternative drive arrangement for the composter body in which a peripheral ring gear 150 is secured about the composter body 22 having a plurality of teeth 152 which are in engagement with the teeth of drive gear 155 which is secured to the output shaft 159 of a motor by a suitable key 158. The large gear ratio will cause the composter to turn at a low predetermined rate.
The composting device described with reference to Figures 1 to 9 works particularly well in operations where composting is continuous or larger quantities of compost are encountered, e.g., in municipal waste composting facilities. For smaller operations and for individual homeowners, an alternate embodiment of the invention may be preferred and is illustrated in Figures 11 to 17. The composter of this embodiment is generally designated by the number 200 and has a drum 201 which encloses the composting chamber 202 having internal helical flights 205. The drum is shown as having the greatest diameter at the midpoint and oppositely tapers to end walls 206,208. (see Figure 12). The drum is preferably fabricated from two large, generally frusto-conical containers, e.g., trash containers of the type roto-molded or roto-cast from polyethylene or similar synthetic plastic material. The containers are positioned in top-to-top arrangement with flange 212 of one container abutting the flange 214 of the other as best shown in Figure 16. The flanges are secured together by fasteners, e.g., bolts 220 placed in bores 222 at spaced-apart peripheral locations. The abutting flanges may be -sealed with a gasket or a suitable sealant but it is preferred that the flanges at the interface be 11 a simply bolted together as this construction will allow some leakage so that excess liquid can drain from the container.
The inlet end wall 206 defines an opening to compartment 202. The opening is provided with a generally circular door 224 which is secured in place by toggle clamps 225 and which includes a screened opening 226. A removable funnel, not shown, may be inserted into the opening to facilitate loading.
The end wall 208 at the discharge end of the unit also defines an opening 230 which is covered by screen 232 which is secured to the end wall 208 by a hinge 234. Screen 232 allows ~rlmi~cion of air and will keep flies and insects from entering and leaving the compartment 202.
The container is mounted for rotation on a base 250. The base 250 has a frame 252 which is generally rectangular having upstanding posts 254 at the corners of the frame. Each of the posts 254 carries a roller 256 which engages the exterior surface of the container to support the container for rotation.
Positioned on opposite sides of the mating flanges at the middle of the contail-er are a pair of frictional strips 260 which extend circumferentially around the conlailler. Drive wheels 262 are mounted on a common axis 264 each having a solid or pneumatic rubber tire 266 which engages one of the frictional circumferential strips 260. A gear motor 270 drives axle 264 and wheel assembly at a predetermined speed. As shown in Figure 14, the frictional engagement between the drive wheel assembly and the frictional strips will cause the entire container to rotate at a predetermined speed supported on rollers 256. The gear 2I170~2 motor 270 may be selectively operated through a timer circuit to rotate at predetermined times.
The container is restrained from longitudinal movement by idler wheels 280 which are horizontally mounted on a generally vertical axle 282, as seen in Figure 15. The axles 282 are supported at opposite ends of the base 250. The idler wheels engage the opposite end walls of the container at locations adjacent the peripheral edge of the side wall.
The entire base 250 is pivotally supported on a pedestal 290 which has a horizontal, generally transversely extending pivot shaft 292 which engages member 294 at the underside of the base at the appr~ te midpoint of the container.
With this arrangement, the container and base may tilt end-to-end in either direction. The tilting accommodates loading during which the inlet end is elevated.
During unloading the discharge end is lowered. During compost digesting, an inclination is selected to provide the proper residence or through-put time. To control the tilting motion, a hydraulic actuator or screw 300 has a cylinder body with its rod end pivotally connected to the pedestal and the body pivotally connected to the base so that selective extension and retraction of the actuator will impart the desired tilting motion to the base and container.
A rotatable coupling 272 is located at the center of the door at the discharge end. The couplings are attached to a heat exchange element 274 positioned in the chamber 202 through which a heat exchànge fluid may be circulated. Externally the couplings are attached to conduits 276, 278. A cold fluid may be introduced to element 274 via conduit 276 and discharged via conduit 278 to cool the contents of the composter and maintain a predetermined temperature. Alternatively, the heat exchanger may be used to heat the contents to kill pathogens and other undesirable constituents of the compost such as weed seeds.
In other respects, the compost device operates as has been described above with rererence to Figures 1 to 9. The material to be composted is loaded into the chamber 202 through the opening in end wall 206. The device is tilted to the desired inclination and drive motor 270 energized to cause the conlailler to periodically rotate. The internal helical flights 205 extend about the interior of the drum to urge compost material from the inlet to the outlet end. When composting is complete, the material may be discharged or removed at access opening 232.
Excess liquid is permitted to drain from the unit at the interface of the flanges at the midpoint of the drum. When not in use, the drum may be entirely lifted from the base as the drum simply rests on the drive and idler rollers.
Figure 17 shows an alternate support arrangement for the compost drum 200. In this embodiment, an outer, generally semi-circular cradle 305 is provided which is oppositely supported for tilting movement along trunnion axis 310 by stub shaft members 312. A semi-circular frame support is disposed between the outer support and the drum. The frame support carries a pair of rollers or wheels 325 at locations equi-distance from the trunnion axis. One or more of the rollers is driven by a gear motor or similar drive unit. Preferably the exterior of the `
container is provided with a frictional strip 330 which extends circumferentially around the drum as engaged by the rollers. The trunnion axis will permit tilting of the drum to the desired angle.
Still another embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figures 18 and 19 and is generally designated by the numeral 400. Embodiment 400 has a housing 401 which encloses a composting chamber 402. The housing is similar to that shown in Figures 11 to 17 and is fabricated from two generally frustro-conical sections which are shown as containers, e.g., large trash containers; The containers 405, 406 are positioned in top-to-top relationship. A track 415 is interposed between the containers. The track has a circular surface and opposite circular flanges 420 and 421 which are respectively secured to the flanges 412 and 414 of the containers. The end walls of the containers define openings, not shown, for charging and discharging material. Discharge end wall 490 is shown having access hatch 491. Hatch 491 has an annular chute 493 secured thereto. A
removable screen 495 extends across the end of the chute. The decomposed material is discharged through the chute preferably with the housing rotating to assist in material removal. The screen 495 classifies the material and screens of selected sizes may be used.
The container is mounted for rotation on a frame 450 which has side members 452 and end members 454. The frame is oppositely supported on a pair of vertically extending posts 460 transversely located on a base frame or plate.
Bearing surfaces 470 which may be rollers, are located at the inner opposite ends of the flame and engage annular wear bands 475 positioned at the opposite ends of the drum. The frame may be tilted by manually actuated jack stand 476.
Rotation of the drum is imparted by a pair of drive wheels 480 mounted on opposite sides of the frame. Each of the drive wheels is a solid or pneumatic rubber tire which engages the circumferential track. A gear motor 484 is located on the base beneath the drum and is in driving engagement with the drive wheels by means of chain drives 486 and 488. An appropriate idler or chain tightener 489 may be associated with each of the chains. The gear motor is selectively operated through a timer circuit to rotate at a predetermined time periods. The advantage of the embodiment 400 is that the drive wheels 480 engaged the 15 metal band 415 so as not to impart excessive wear to the softer, synthetic plastic material of the housing.
In order to test the effectiveness of the composter of aspects of the present invention, a composter was con-structed according to the above teachings generally as 20 shown in Figures 11 through 14. The composter was charged with the following materials; Shredded trimmings from carob trees and operated under the following conditions:
Moisture content was held between 40~ to 60~ by weight.
The container was rotated each day approximately five to 10 25 revolutions. Ammonium sulphate was added during the third week to provide additional nitrogen.
Compost suitable for gardening use was produced in approximately 30 days, substantially free of problems with odors or insects.
Composting basically is a controlled biological decomposition of organic material under aerobic conditions. The process relies on naturally occurring microorg~nicmc, mainly bacteria and fungi, to break down organic compounds into simpler substances.
Several methods of composting are used today, either on a small scale basis by individuals or in larger operations where commercial operators and municipalities conduct waste management facilities. One common method of composting is termed the "windrow" method in which compostable material is simply placed in windrows. The windrows are periodically turned to increase the exposure to oxygen. In addition, the windrows may be watered periodically to maintain a predetermined moisture content for proper decomposition conditions.
This method is more widely practiced in Europe.
Various modified forms of the windrowing method may also be found. In some applications, the compostable material is simply placed in piles and covered.
The material may be wetted and bacteria added. Aeration is accomplished by introducing oxygen to the compost piles through a distribution system.
As an alternative to the windrow or static aeration methods of composting, in-vessel composting is also known. In-vessel composting devices offer some advantages including better process control, higher rate decomposition and better odor control. Odor control is a major concel u of composting systems. Various in-vessel composting and other type units and other systems can be found in the prior art patents.
U. S. Patent No. 2,699,629 shows a device for mulching vegetable plants in which organic refuse material such as garbage, manure, dried leaves, grass clippings and other materials are placed in a water suspension to cause mechanical disintegration. The free-flowing pulp mixture is then sprayed to provide an in~ul~ting protective area covering the soil ~ull~unding the plant and to retain moisture therein.
U. S. Patent No. 3,269,824 discloses a soil conditioning pellet which consists essentially of a carrier of re-pulped and coulplessed waste paper fiber along with a mixture of soil fertilizing ingredients absorbed therein.
U.S. Patent No. 3,942,769 discloses a composting unit comprising a container mounted in an elevated position for rotation about a substantially-horizontal axis. A door is provided in the container through which the material to be composted can be loaded into the container. The drum or container is manually rotated periodically.
U.S. patent No. 4,067,140 discloses a method of making mulch in which finely divided fibers of paper are coated with a mixture of a solvent or carrier, e.g., water, a wetting agent and a dye. The finely divided fibers of paper are contacted with the mixture by tumbling in a drum.
While the above-described apparatus and methods for composting and for the utilization and decomposition of water paper are known, such apparatus and methods have not gained large acceptance by the individual homeowner for various reasons. The prior systems generally require substantial attention, as for example, the homeowner must periodically turn the material manually in a drum. The devices found in the prior art also often emit objection-able odors and attract flies and other insects.
Thus, there exists a need for a simple, effective andhighly efficient composting system which may be utilized both by the individual gardener or homeowner and also which may be used on a larger scale for municipal and commercial waste treatment systems.
Briefly, the present invention comprehends a composter for residential and commercial use for receiving and decomposing organic materials and discharging a compost.
, ~
,. ~
-In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a body having a wall with exterior and interior surfaces defining a decomposition chamber, the body being fabricated from a section of corrugated metal pipe of the type having helical corrugations extending around the exterior and interior wall surfaces of the pipe, the body having an inlet at one end and an outlet at the opposite end, a frame having support means for rotatively supporting the body thereon, drive means including motor means for rotating the body in a predetermined rotational direction and at a predetermined rotational speed, elevation means for selectively position-ing the body in a predetermined position to control residence time within the decomposition chamber and to accommodate loading and unloading, and baffles extending axially along the internal wall of the decomposition chamber, the baffles, along with the interior helical corrugations, being adapted to mix the organic material and to move the material between the inlet and the outlet as the body rotates at the predetermined speed and the rotational direction as decomposition occurs.
By one variant thereof at least one of the inlet and the outlet is provided with openings for admission of air into the decomposition chamber.
By another variant thereof, the apparatus further includes heat exchange means extending into the decom-position chamber for circulating a heat exchange fluid through the chamber to control the temperature within the chamber.
`
By yet another variant, the inlet and the outlet each are truncated conical members, and the inlet is provided with a latched door.
By another embodiment of this invention an apparatus is provided for receiving and decomposing organic material and discharging a compost, the apparatus comprising a body defining a decomposition chamber having baffles therein, the body being comprised of a pair of containers formed of a synthetic plastic material, each container having a bottom wall, a side wall and each having an open upper end defined by a flange extending peripherally about the upper edge of the side wall, the containers being disposed in open-end-to-open-end relationship and having an annular channel member disposed therebetween to permit controlled leakage from the decomposition chamber, the channel member having flanges engaging the respective flanges of each of the containers and providing rigidity to the body, the body having an outlet at one end, a base including a cradle and roller means for supporting the body for rotation, drive means for rotating the body including a pair of friction wheels engaging the channel member at locations on opposite sides of a vertical axis through the body with at least one of the wheels being driven by a motor, and elevation means for selectively positioning the cradle and the body in a predetermined position to control residence time within the decomposition chamber and to accommodate loading and unloading.
4 a 211iO22 By one variant thereof, the apparatus further includes timer means for selectively controlling the operation of the drive means.
By another variant thereof, the apparatus further includes heat exchanger means extending into the decomposition chamber for circulating a heat exchange fluid therethrough to control the temperature in the decomposition chamber.
By still a further variant thereof, the baffles are positioned in the decomposition chamber to mix and move organic material from the inlet to the outlet as decomposition occurs.
By a still further variant thereof, the cradle includes bearing means engaging the body for rotational movement.
By yet another variant thereof, the apparatus includes classifier means associated with the outlet for classifying the organic material as it is discharged from the rotating body. By a variation thereof, the classifier means comprises a chute and a screen extending across the chute.
In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the composting apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along line 2-2 of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3-3 of Figure 1;
4 b -Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 of Figure 1;
Figure 5 is a detail view of a portion of the roller and track assembly as indicated in Figure 4;
Figure 6 is a sectional view taken along lines 6-6 of Figure 1;
Figure 7 is a detail view illustrating an alternate drive arrangement for the composting drums;
Figure 8 is a detail view of the motor mounting and track;
Figure 9 is a sectional view taken along line 9-9 of Figure 2;
Figure 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the composting process carried out by the apparatus as shown in Figures 1 to 9;
4 c -Figure 11 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of the composting apparatus of the present invention;
Figure 12 is a sectional view taken along line 12-12 of Figure 11;
Figure 13 is a sectional view taken along line 13-13 of Figure 11;
Figure 14 is a sectional view taken along line 14-14 of Figure 11;
Figure 15 is a sectional view taken along line 15-15 of Figure 12;
Figure 16 is a detail view of the joint interconnecting the container sections;
Figure 17 is a cross sectional view illustrating an optional trunnion mounting for a tilting axis of the device shown in Figure 11;
Figure 18 is a perspective view of an alternate drum and drive arrangement;
and Figure 19 is a detail view of the drive arrangement of Figure 18.
Turning now to the drawings, Figure 10 illustrates in schematic form a representative composting process as carried out by the various embodiments of the present invention. The composting device, as will be more fully described h~reafler, is generally design~ted by the numeral 10. The composting device has an inlet 12 with a chamber 14 into which material to be composted is charged.
The inlet also permits air to enter into the composting chamber 14 inasmuch as composting is an aerobic process. Although the diagram is shown with reference to the apparatus of Figure 1, the schematic diagram is representative of the process carried out by the various embodiments of the invention described herein.
-As indicated in Figure 10, a variety of organic materials may be used as starting materials for composting which are broken down into more simple substances for gardening and similar uses. These materials indicated may consist of wood shavings, yard waste, food scraps and the like. Additional nitrogen may be added as indicated with the preferred carbon-to-nitrogen ratio being between 15-1 to 30-1. Various nitrogen sources may be utilized, e.g., nitrogen-containing fertilizer, urea and the like.
) Bacteria or fungus cultures may also be added accelerate the process. It is also desirable to add water to the compost materials to maintain moisture content of approximately 40~ to 60~ by weight.
A primary source of compost material is waste paper, primarily newsprint. Newsprint can be a valuable source of composting material and it is preferable first to shred the material to reduce composting time. Yard waste, leaves and waste food may also be used as a starting material and also may be first shredded as indicated prior to introduction into the composter 10. Over a period of time, aerobic decomposition proceeds and the resulting composting material is discharged at the outlet 16 of the composter 10 and delivered to a bin 20 for subsequent use, e.g., application to a garden or to be mixed with soil.
Turning to the drawings, particularly Figures through 9, a preferred embodiment of the composter of the present invention is shown as has been indicated above and is generally designated by the numeral 10. The composter is shown having a generally-elongate cylindrical body 22 which defines composting chamber 14. The cylindrical body 22 is formed having a plurality of helical 6 a convolutions 24 which extend contilluously from the lower inlet end to the upper outlet end. A particularly co.lvenient construction is the utilization of a large corrugated pipe such as a culvert for the body 22. The discharge end 16 is provided with a truncated conical cap having an end surface 25 which defines an opening 28 through which the compost may be discharged into a receiving bin 20 or other receptacle. The inlet end 12 is also provided with a generally conical cap 32 which is truncated having a surface 34 which defines an inlet opening 36 through which material to be composted is introduced into the internal composting chamber 14. A circular door 38 has a hinge 44 at one side and a latch mechanism 46 at the opposite side so the door can be unlatched and swung upwardly to provide access to the composting chamber 14.
The internal walls of the cylindrical chamber 14 are provided with a plurality of longitudinally extending baffles 50 which are shown as sections of angle iron having a flange 52 extending radially into the chamber. Preferably the baffles extend substantially the entire length of the composting chamber 14 or are segmented and overlapped to effectively extend the full length of the chamber so that material is urged from the inlet end to the outlet end by the combined action of the helical convolutions 24 and the baffles 50. Figure 3 illustrates the typical arrangement for the baffles about the interior periphery of the body 22 with three equally-spaced baffles being shown.
The composter 10 is preferably positioned for operation in a slightly elevated position with the discharge end elevated ap~ tely 20. The length of the chamber and inclination will determine the residence time which may vary with the make-up of the starting material, available nitrogen, moisture and other process factors. The device may be positioned on a stationary base but for cou~enience of operation, prerelably has a mobile frame with longitudinally extending side frame members 56 and transverse frame members 58 extending between the longitudinal members. Wheel assemblies 60 are provided at opposite sides of the frame disposed towards the outlet end. An adjustable jack stand 62 is provided at the opposite end of the frame to adjustably support the unit. This allows the device to be transported to a use-site and then leveled.
The discharge end of the composter is supported for rotation as best seen in Figures 2, 4 and 5. Generally a flat band-like track 70 extends circumferentially about the body æ of the composter adjacent the outlet end. Circular roller support band 72 extends circum~re~lially about the body of the composter spaced apart from the track 70. The roller support band is attached to ~ch~tors 75 vertically extending from the frame at opposite sides of the composter body. The ~chl~tors 75 may be hydraulic members or may be, as shown, screw jack members electrically operated by motor 78 which will selectively raise or lower the discharge end of the composter. The upper end of the jacks are pivotally attached at 82 to the exterior of the roller support band 72.
The roller support band carries a plurality of roller assemblies 86. The roller assemblies each have a roller 88 carried on axle 90. The rollers engage the exterior of the track 70. The position and spacing of the roller assemblies may -vary with, as shown in figure 4, four equally spaced-apart assemblies being typical.
To maintain the rollers on the track, the edges of the track are provided with upstanding flanges 94 which are closely spaced from the opposite sides of the rollers to maintain the proper aligllulent.
The lower or inlet end 12 of the composter is pivotally mounted on the frame as seen in Figure 9 to accommodate varying the inclination of the composter. A pair of spaced-apart flanges 100 and 102 extend duwllw~rdly from support band 112 to receive transversely-extending axle 106 which is carried on axle support 108 centrally mounted on the transverse main frame member 110. The pivot assembly supports circular roller support rim 112 which carries a plurality of roller members 114 which engage track 116 which extends cir-;uulLelentially at the inlet end of the composter body 22. The circumferential track is provided with upstanding flanges which are closely spaced ~om the sides of the rollers 114 to maintain the rollers on the track.
As indicated above, the composting process is enhanced if the contents are periodically or perhaps even conliuuously tumbled or agitated. Further, with the device as shown, the baffles and helical convolutions will cause the material to advance from the input end to the output end of the composter as rotation occurs.
To impart rotation to the composter, drive motor 130 is mounted on a platform 122 which projects from the roller support rim 112. The output shaft of the drive motor 130 carries a pulley 131. The details of the motor mounting is best seen in Figures 1, 2, 6 and 8. A belt track 136 extends peripherally about the lower end of the body 22 of the composter disposed adjacent the lower roller track.
The belt track may be an elastomeric material which has suitable frictional characteristics or may include a plurality of teeth or projections. Drive belt 140 extends about the belt track 136 and pulley 131 and upon energization of the motor 130, will cause the composter body to rotate at a predetermined rate of rotation, generally in the range of 1/2 to 2 rpm. Preferably the motor has a motor control which includes a timer 146 which may be adjusted to periodically turn the motor on and off as determined by the process requirements. The motor 130 may be a reversing motor as in some applications, periodic reversal will enhance mixing of the contents.
In use, the composter of the present invention is mobile and may be transported to a use site on the mobile trailer frame and erected and leveled at stand 62. The discharge end of the composter is elevated to the desired position by the screw jack 75. A bin 20 is placed beneath the discharge end to receive the compost material. The compost material, of the type shown in Figure 10, is charged into the device along with moisture, nitrogen and bacteria or fungus cultures if required. The materials are charged through inlet door 46 and the composting process will begin. Periodically, the device is rotated by motor 130 under the control of timer 146. As rotation occurs, the compost material will slowly advance from the input to the discharge end. The rotation time is selected so that by the time the material reaches the discharge port 28, the composting process is complete and digested material ready for use is discharged into bin 20.
Figure 7 shows an alternative drive arrangement for the composter body in which a peripheral ring gear 150 is secured about the composter body 22 having a plurality of teeth 152 which are in engagement with the teeth of drive gear 155 which is secured to the output shaft 159 of a motor by a suitable key 158. The large gear ratio will cause the composter to turn at a low predetermined rate.
The composting device described with reference to Figures 1 to 9 works particularly well in operations where composting is continuous or larger quantities of compost are encountered, e.g., in municipal waste composting facilities. For smaller operations and for individual homeowners, an alternate embodiment of the invention may be preferred and is illustrated in Figures 11 to 17. The composter of this embodiment is generally designated by the number 200 and has a drum 201 which encloses the composting chamber 202 having internal helical flights 205. The drum is shown as having the greatest diameter at the midpoint and oppositely tapers to end walls 206,208. (see Figure 12). The drum is preferably fabricated from two large, generally frusto-conical containers, e.g., trash containers of the type roto-molded or roto-cast from polyethylene or similar synthetic plastic material. The containers are positioned in top-to-top arrangement with flange 212 of one container abutting the flange 214 of the other as best shown in Figure 16. The flanges are secured together by fasteners, e.g., bolts 220 placed in bores 222 at spaced-apart peripheral locations. The abutting flanges may be -sealed with a gasket or a suitable sealant but it is preferred that the flanges at the interface be 11 a simply bolted together as this construction will allow some leakage so that excess liquid can drain from the container.
The inlet end wall 206 defines an opening to compartment 202. The opening is provided with a generally circular door 224 which is secured in place by toggle clamps 225 and which includes a screened opening 226. A removable funnel, not shown, may be inserted into the opening to facilitate loading.
The end wall 208 at the discharge end of the unit also defines an opening 230 which is covered by screen 232 which is secured to the end wall 208 by a hinge 234. Screen 232 allows ~rlmi~cion of air and will keep flies and insects from entering and leaving the compartment 202.
The container is mounted for rotation on a base 250. The base 250 has a frame 252 which is generally rectangular having upstanding posts 254 at the corners of the frame. Each of the posts 254 carries a roller 256 which engages the exterior surface of the container to support the container for rotation.
Positioned on opposite sides of the mating flanges at the middle of the contail-er are a pair of frictional strips 260 which extend circumferentially around the conlailler. Drive wheels 262 are mounted on a common axis 264 each having a solid or pneumatic rubber tire 266 which engages one of the frictional circumferential strips 260. A gear motor 270 drives axle 264 and wheel assembly at a predetermined speed. As shown in Figure 14, the frictional engagement between the drive wheel assembly and the frictional strips will cause the entire container to rotate at a predetermined speed supported on rollers 256. The gear 2I170~2 motor 270 may be selectively operated through a timer circuit to rotate at predetermined times.
The container is restrained from longitudinal movement by idler wheels 280 which are horizontally mounted on a generally vertical axle 282, as seen in Figure 15. The axles 282 are supported at opposite ends of the base 250. The idler wheels engage the opposite end walls of the container at locations adjacent the peripheral edge of the side wall.
The entire base 250 is pivotally supported on a pedestal 290 which has a horizontal, generally transversely extending pivot shaft 292 which engages member 294 at the underside of the base at the appr~ te midpoint of the container.
With this arrangement, the container and base may tilt end-to-end in either direction. The tilting accommodates loading during which the inlet end is elevated.
During unloading the discharge end is lowered. During compost digesting, an inclination is selected to provide the proper residence or through-put time. To control the tilting motion, a hydraulic actuator or screw 300 has a cylinder body with its rod end pivotally connected to the pedestal and the body pivotally connected to the base so that selective extension and retraction of the actuator will impart the desired tilting motion to the base and container.
A rotatable coupling 272 is located at the center of the door at the discharge end. The couplings are attached to a heat exchange element 274 positioned in the chamber 202 through which a heat exchànge fluid may be circulated. Externally the couplings are attached to conduits 276, 278. A cold fluid may be introduced to element 274 via conduit 276 and discharged via conduit 278 to cool the contents of the composter and maintain a predetermined temperature. Alternatively, the heat exchanger may be used to heat the contents to kill pathogens and other undesirable constituents of the compost such as weed seeds.
In other respects, the compost device operates as has been described above with rererence to Figures 1 to 9. The material to be composted is loaded into the chamber 202 through the opening in end wall 206. The device is tilted to the desired inclination and drive motor 270 energized to cause the conlailler to periodically rotate. The internal helical flights 205 extend about the interior of the drum to urge compost material from the inlet to the outlet end. When composting is complete, the material may be discharged or removed at access opening 232.
Excess liquid is permitted to drain from the unit at the interface of the flanges at the midpoint of the drum. When not in use, the drum may be entirely lifted from the base as the drum simply rests on the drive and idler rollers.
Figure 17 shows an alternate support arrangement for the compost drum 200. In this embodiment, an outer, generally semi-circular cradle 305 is provided which is oppositely supported for tilting movement along trunnion axis 310 by stub shaft members 312. A semi-circular frame support is disposed between the outer support and the drum. The frame support carries a pair of rollers or wheels 325 at locations equi-distance from the trunnion axis. One or more of the rollers is driven by a gear motor or similar drive unit. Preferably the exterior of the `
container is provided with a frictional strip 330 which extends circumferentially around the drum as engaged by the rollers. The trunnion axis will permit tilting of the drum to the desired angle.
Still another embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figures 18 and 19 and is generally designated by the numeral 400. Embodiment 400 has a housing 401 which encloses a composting chamber 402. The housing is similar to that shown in Figures 11 to 17 and is fabricated from two generally frustro-conical sections which are shown as containers, e.g., large trash containers; The containers 405, 406 are positioned in top-to-top relationship. A track 415 is interposed between the containers. The track has a circular surface and opposite circular flanges 420 and 421 which are respectively secured to the flanges 412 and 414 of the containers. The end walls of the containers define openings, not shown, for charging and discharging material. Discharge end wall 490 is shown having access hatch 491. Hatch 491 has an annular chute 493 secured thereto. A
removable screen 495 extends across the end of the chute. The decomposed material is discharged through the chute preferably with the housing rotating to assist in material removal. The screen 495 classifies the material and screens of selected sizes may be used.
The container is mounted for rotation on a frame 450 which has side members 452 and end members 454. The frame is oppositely supported on a pair of vertically extending posts 460 transversely located on a base frame or plate.
Bearing surfaces 470 which may be rollers, are located at the inner opposite ends of the flame and engage annular wear bands 475 positioned at the opposite ends of the drum. The frame may be tilted by manually actuated jack stand 476.
Rotation of the drum is imparted by a pair of drive wheels 480 mounted on opposite sides of the frame. Each of the drive wheels is a solid or pneumatic rubber tire which engages the circumferential track. A gear motor 484 is located on the base beneath the drum and is in driving engagement with the drive wheels by means of chain drives 486 and 488. An appropriate idler or chain tightener 489 may be associated with each of the chains. The gear motor is selectively operated through a timer circuit to rotate at a predetermined time periods. The advantage of the embodiment 400 is that the drive wheels 480 engaged the 15 metal band 415 so as not to impart excessive wear to the softer, synthetic plastic material of the housing.
In order to test the effectiveness of the composter of aspects of the present invention, a composter was con-structed according to the above teachings generally as 20 shown in Figures 11 through 14. The composter was charged with the following materials; Shredded trimmings from carob trees and operated under the following conditions:
Moisture content was held between 40~ to 60~ by weight.
The container was rotated each day approximately five to 10 25 revolutions. Ammonium sulphate was added during the third week to provide additional nitrogen.
Compost suitable for gardening use was produced in approximately 30 days, substantially free of problems with odors or insects.
Claims (11)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An apparatus for receiving and decomposing organic materials and discharging a compost, said apparatus comprising:
(a) a body having a wall with exterior and interior surfaces defining a decomposition chamber, said body being fabricated from a section of corrugated metal pipe of the type having helical corrugations extending around the exterior and interior wall surfaces of said pipe, said body having an inlet at one end and an outlet at the opposite end;
(b) a frame having support means for rotatively supporting said body thereon;
(c) drive means including motor means for rotating said body in a predetermined rotational direction and at a predetermined rotational speed;
(d) elevation means for selectively positioning said body in a predetermined position to control residence time within said decomposition chamber and to accommodate loading and unloading; and (e) baffles extending axially along the internal wall of said decomposition chamber, said baffles, along with said interior helical corrugations, being adapted to mix said organic material and to move said material between said inlet to said outlet as said body rotates at said predetermined speed and said rotational direction as decomposition occurs.
(a) a body having a wall with exterior and interior surfaces defining a decomposition chamber, said body being fabricated from a section of corrugated metal pipe of the type having helical corrugations extending around the exterior and interior wall surfaces of said pipe, said body having an inlet at one end and an outlet at the opposite end;
(b) a frame having support means for rotatively supporting said body thereon;
(c) drive means including motor means for rotating said body in a predetermined rotational direction and at a predetermined rotational speed;
(d) elevation means for selectively positioning said body in a predetermined position to control residence time within said decomposition chamber and to accommodate loading and unloading; and (e) baffles extending axially along the internal wall of said decomposition chamber, said baffles, along with said interior helical corrugations, being adapted to mix said organic material and to move said material between said inlet to said outlet as said body rotates at said predetermined speed and said rotational direction as decomposition occurs.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein at least one of said inlet and said outlet is provided with openings for admission of air into said decomposition chamber.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 further including heat exchange means extending into said decomposition chamber for circulating a heat exchange fluid through said chamber to control the temperature within said chamber.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said inlet and said outlet each are truncated conical members, and wherein said inlet is provided with a latched door.
5. An apparatus for receiving and decomposing organic material and discharging a compost, said apparatus comprising:
(a) a body defining a decomposition chamber having baffles therein, said body being comprised of a pair of containers formed of synthetic plastic material, each container having a bottom wall, and a side wall and each container having an open upper end defined by a flange extending peripherally about said upper edge of said side wall, said containers being disposed in open-end-to-open-end relationship and having an annular channel member disposed therebetween to permit controlled leakage from said decomposition chamber, said channel member having flanges engaging the respective flanges of each of said containers and providing rigidity to said body, said body having an outlet at one end;
(b) a base including a cradle and roller means for supporting said body for rotation;
(c) drive means for rotating said body including a pair of friction wheels engaging said channel member at locations on opposite sides of a vertical axis through said body with at least one of said wheels being driven by a motor; and (d) elevation means for selectively positioning said cradle and said body in a predetermined position to control residence time with said decomposition chamber and to accommodate loading and unloading.
(a) a body defining a decomposition chamber having baffles therein, said body being comprised of a pair of containers formed of synthetic plastic material, each container having a bottom wall, and a side wall and each container having an open upper end defined by a flange extending peripherally about said upper edge of said side wall, said containers being disposed in open-end-to-open-end relationship and having an annular channel member disposed therebetween to permit controlled leakage from said decomposition chamber, said channel member having flanges engaging the respective flanges of each of said containers and providing rigidity to said body, said body having an outlet at one end;
(b) a base including a cradle and roller means for supporting said body for rotation;
(c) drive means for rotating said body including a pair of friction wheels engaging said channel member at locations on opposite sides of a vertical axis through said body with at least one of said wheels being driven by a motor; and (d) elevation means for selectively positioning said cradle and said body in a predetermined position to control residence time with said decomposition chamber and to accommodate loading and unloading.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 further including timer means for selectively controlling the operation of said drive means.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 further including heat exchanger means extending into said decomposition chamber for circulating a heat exchange fluid therethrough to control the temperature in said decomposition chamber.
8. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said baffles are positioned in said decomposition chamber to mix and move organic material from said inlet to said outlet as decomposition occurs.
9. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said cradle includes bearing means engaging said body for rotational movement.
10. The apparatus of claim 5 further including classifier means associated with said outlet for classifying said organic material as it is discharged from said rotating body.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said classifier means comprises a chute and a screen extending across said chute.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002117022A CA2117022C (en) | 1994-03-04 | 1994-03-04 | Composting apparatus and method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002117022A CA2117022C (en) | 1994-03-04 | 1994-03-04 | Composting apparatus and method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2117022A1 CA2117022A1 (en) | 1995-09-05 |
| CA2117022C true CA2117022C (en) | 1997-07-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002117022A Expired - Lifetime CA2117022C (en) | 1994-03-04 | 1994-03-04 | Composting apparatus and method |
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| Country | Link |
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| CA (1) | CA2117022C (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115894103A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-04-04 | 合肥睿希智能环境科技有限公司 | Batch-type turning high-efficiency aerobic fermentation layered bin type composting equipment |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CA2117022A1 (en) | 1995-09-05 |
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