CA2116307A1 - Hemiarthroplasty application of zirconium oxide coated prosthesis - Google Patents
Hemiarthroplasty application of zirconium oxide coated prosthesisInfo
- Publication number
- CA2116307A1 CA2116307A1 CA 2116307 CA2116307A CA2116307A1 CA 2116307 A1 CA2116307 A1 CA 2116307A1 CA 2116307 CA2116307 CA 2116307 CA 2116307 A CA2116307 A CA 2116307A CA 2116307 A1 CA2116307 A1 CA 2116307A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- implant
- bones
- bone
- zirconium
- hemiarthroplasty
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The invention disclosed herein provides an improved low-wear implant for use in hemiarthroplasty wherein the implant is coated with zirconium oxide. The implant can be made entirely of zirconium or zirconium-containing metal alloys and then oxidized. One of the unique features of the device is that it is sized and shaped to cooperate with natural bone and/or cartilage, and thus, is useful in hemiarthroplasty in humans.
The invention disclosed herein provides an improved low-wear implant for use in hemiarthroplasty wherein the implant is coated with zirconium oxide. The implant can be made entirely of zirconium or zirconium-containing metal alloys and then oxidized. One of the unique features of the device is that it is sized and shaped to cooperate with natural bone and/or cartilage, and thus, is useful in hemiarthroplasty in humans.
Description
~EMIARTHROPLA8TY APPLICATION OF
ZIRCONIU~ O~ID~ COATED PR08TH~8I8 The present invention relates to implants for use in hemiarthroplasty and, in particular, implants coated with zirconium oxide.
BA~RGROUND OF TH~ INVENTION
Hemiarthroplasty is a surgical procedure where~y a portion of a joint is replaced by a prosthetic device.
This surgical procedure is most commonly performed in joints of the hands, wrists, ankles, feet and shoulders, although it can be performed with knee and hip joints.
The implants used in hemiarthroplasty heretofore are most commonly fabricated of silicone elastomers. The elastomeric ~aterials are durable and provide good performance. There have been improvemente in the design of the implants, coupled with the high-performance, durable elastomeric materials. However, the implant becomes abraded and deformed because of intrinsic properties of silicone. The gradual erosion of the implant results not only in poorly fitting joints, but also in particulate debris in the joint which can lead to inflammation of the joint (O. Eiken et al., Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.
19, 1985, 295-304) or bone cysts (T. Telaranta et al., Skeletal Radiol 10, 1983, 247-249)~
Problems associated with the shearing and abrading of the silicone elastomer implants has led to the use of titanium to resist breakdown of the joint. A study reported by K. M. Leavitt et al. (Jour. of Foot Surgery 3Q, 1991, 289-293) reports positive results over a 30-month post-operative period with a titanium hemi-great toe implant. However, the oxide that forms in titanium is prone to galling and seizing. The present invention provides a solution to this problem by using implants coated with zirconium oxide which virtually eliminates all the problems associated with shearing and erosion of the implant used in hemiarthroplasty. U.S. 5,037,438 describes the use of zirconium oxide-coated orthopedic implants or protheses made of zirconium or zirconium- containing metal alloys or a thin coating of zirconium or zirconium alloy on conventional orthopedic implant materials. The '438 patent deals with total joint replacement, such as a hip or knee ~oint replacement, wherein both joint surfaces are replaced. One side is zirconium coated and the other side is a polyethylene material. The coating is intended to minimize the wear of the polyethylene. In these environment~, the problem addressed is the capability of maintaining the surfaces of both surfaces of the joint under high-load conditions. The solution provides compensation for the high stresses in the applied coating.
The pre~ent invention relates to the above-mentioned problems dealing with hemiarthroscopy wherein lower loads are experienced, i.e., joints in the hands and feet.
Herein, one joint surface may deteriorate due to a diseased state, while the other surface remains functionally intact.
The problems in this environment are significantly different than those at high-load joints, such as a hip ~oint.
The present invention provides for the first time a prosthetic device for use in hemiarthroscopy which resists wear and abrasion from natural bone and minimizes the abrasion on the opposing cartilaginous surface in the joint and resists erosion due to body fluids.
~NMARY OF THB INVENTION
The present invention provides an improved low-wear implant for use in hemiarthroplasty wherein the implant is coated with zirconium oxide. The implant can be made entirely of zirconium and oxidized or can be made o~
zirconium-containing metal alloys. When the implant contains a metal alloy, the alloy should contain at least 80~ zirconium and preferably at least 95% zirconium.
The implant of the present invention can be used to replace a bone or to repair a bone in low-load joints.
The implant is useful in joints of the wrist, hand, ankles and feet, as well as the shoulders and elbows. The implant may incorporate anatomical features of the bone being repaired or replaced. When the hemiarthroplasty procedure involves joints comprising long bones, preferably the bone is resurfaced with an implant of the present invention, and one end of the implant would be designed to interact with the cartilage and other bone(s) of the ~oint and the other end of the implant would be designed to fit into the long bone when the hemiarthroplasty procedure involves the carpals, metacarpals, tarsals, metatarsals or phalanges, the implant can be designed for use in resurfacing the bone or can be designed for replacemént of the bone.
DEE~CRIPTION OF FIGURE8 Figure 1 shows the bones of the left hand and a trapezial implant.
Other advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawing.
DETAILBD DE~3CRIPTION OF INVE~ ON
The implants of the present invention are fabricated of zirconium or zirconium- containing metal alloys as generally described in U.S. 5,037,438 (see column 5, lines 15 to 34). The implants are cast or machined to the required shape by conventional means known in the art after which they are oxidized to form a black or blue-black oxide according to the procedure of U.S. 2,987,352 and as further elaborated in U.S. 5,037,438 (see column 5, lines 50 to 68 - 21163b7 and column 6, lines 1 to 44). ~he relevant portions of U.S. 5,037,438 and U.S. 2,987, 352 are incorporated herein by reference.
Although the implants of the present invention can contain alloys of zirconium, including titanium, niobium, hafnium, and other metals known to form stable alloys with zirconium, it is preferred that the implant be formed substantially of zirconium.
The implant~ or prothesis are prepared by using a mold lo which has the appropriate configuration to interact with other bones and cartilage of the joint being repaired. The present invention can be used in the 6ame manner as silicone elastomer implants which are in common use today for hemi-implants.
Most typically, the implants of the present invention are used in joints which are considered low load bearing joints. Nevertheless, the implant of the present invention finds particular use in the hand, ankle, and foot. The implant described and claimed herein is useful in hemiarthroplasty in bunion surgery and can be placed in the great toe or can be used to replace other bones of the phalanges, as well a~ the metatarsal, tarsal, carpal, and metacarpal bones. The implants of the present invention also find use in shoulder joints and elbow joints.
In using the implant of the present invention, either the entire bone can be replaced or a portion of the bone can be replaced, in which case the zirconium implant is shaped in such a manner as to fit into the bone being repaired. For example, when the implant is used to replace a portion of a bone (i.e., to resurface the bone), the implant can be equipped with spikes or other protrusions such as a stem that can fit into the bone being repaired such that one end of the implant would be configured to interact with the other bone of the joint and the other end of the implant would be flat except for the spikes or other protrusions which would fit into the bone being repaired.
Replacement of a portion of the bone would find a particular use when repairing joints of the upper extremity involving long bones, but also would be useful in the short bones of the wrists, hands, ankles and feet. The implant, or the portion of the implant which articulates with the other bone of the joint, can be anatomical (i.e., shaped similarly to the natural bone). When an entire bone is being replaced, it is preferred that the entire bone be anatomical. However, the present invention can be utilized with non-anatomical prostheses.
The implant of the present invention is abrasion resistant and capable of interacting with the cartilage of apposing bone of the joint being repaired. The zirconium oxide coated implant or prothesis of the present invention provides very good resistance to the wear imparted by the apposite bone and cartilage. Additionally, the zirconium oxide coated implant minimizes wear on the opposing cartilaginous surface. The zirconium oxide coating is preferably about 1-5 microns in thickness.
Figure 1 is illustrative of the use of an implant of the present invention wherein only a portion of the bone is replaced. In this particular example, the trapezium is resurfaced with an anatomical implant generally shown at ~10). The left hand is depicted and it is apparent to one skilled in the art that the configuration of the implant would be reversed for a right hand implant. The surface ~12) of the implant which interacts with the first metacarpal i~ non-symmetrical and has a complex radii with the lateral edge ~14) of the implant elevated more than the medial edge ~lC).
The implant depicted in Figure 1 illustrates a resurfacing technique wherein the tip of the trapezium i8 replaced. Such a technique can be applied to other bones :.:
` 2116~07 :-as described above. In a resurfacing procedure of the smaller bones, it is useful to preserve as much of the bone being repaired as possible. In a bone such as the trapezium, an implant having spikes (18) as depicted in Figure 1 is particularly useful, enabling one to preserve as much of the trapezium as possible. In a larger bone (e.g., of the elbow), the implant could have a stem for insertion into the long bone which would provide added strength to the repaired joint.
~he invention has been descrlbed in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that the terminology which has been used is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible ln light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims wherein reference numerals are merely for convenience and are not to be in any way limiting, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
ZIRCONIU~ O~ID~ COATED PR08TH~8I8 The present invention relates to implants for use in hemiarthroplasty and, in particular, implants coated with zirconium oxide.
BA~RGROUND OF TH~ INVENTION
Hemiarthroplasty is a surgical procedure where~y a portion of a joint is replaced by a prosthetic device.
This surgical procedure is most commonly performed in joints of the hands, wrists, ankles, feet and shoulders, although it can be performed with knee and hip joints.
The implants used in hemiarthroplasty heretofore are most commonly fabricated of silicone elastomers. The elastomeric ~aterials are durable and provide good performance. There have been improvemente in the design of the implants, coupled with the high-performance, durable elastomeric materials. However, the implant becomes abraded and deformed because of intrinsic properties of silicone. The gradual erosion of the implant results not only in poorly fitting joints, but also in particulate debris in the joint which can lead to inflammation of the joint (O. Eiken et al., Scand. J. Plast. Reconstr. Surg.
19, 1985, 295-304) or bone cysts (T. Telaranta et al., Skeletal Radiol 10, 1983, 247-249)~
Problems associated with the shearing and abrading of the silicone elastomer implants has led to the use of titanium to resist breakdown of the joint. A study reported by K. M. Leavitt et al. (Jour. of Foot Surgery 3Q, 1991, 289-293) reports positive results over a 30-month post-operative period with a titanium hemi-great toe implant. However, the oxide that forms in titanium is prone to galling and seizing. The present invention provides a solution to this problem by using implants coated with zirconium oxide which virtually eliminates all the problems associated with shearing and erosion of the implant used in hemiarthroplasty. U.S. 5,037,438 describes the use of zirconium oxide-coated orthopedic implants or protheses made of zirconium or zirconium- containing metal alloys or a thin coating of zirconium or zirconium alloy on conventional orthopedic implant materials. The '438 patent deals with total joint replacement, such as a hip or knee ~oint replacement, wherein both joint surfaces are replaced. One side is zirconium coated and the other side is a polyethylene material. The coating is intended to minimize the wear of the polyethylene. In these environment~, the problem addressed is the capability of maintaining the surfaces of both surfaces of the joint under high-load conditions. The solution provides compensation for the high stresses in the applied coating.
The pre~ent invention relates to the above-mentioned problems dealing with hemiarthroscopy wherein lower loads are experienced, i.e., joints in the hands and feet.
Herein, one joint surface may deteriorate due to a diseased state, while the other surface remains functionally intact.
The problems in this environment are significantly different than those at high-load joints, such as a hip ~oint.
The present invention provides for the first time a prosthetic device for use in hemiarthroscopy which resists wear and abrasion from natural bone and minimizes the abrasion on the opposing cartilaginous surface in the joint and resists erosion due to body fluids.
~NMARY OF THB INVENTION
The present invention provides an improved low-wear implant for use in hemiarthroplasty wherein the implant is coated with zirconium oxide. The implant can be made entirely of zirconium and oxidized or can be made o~
zirconium-containing metal alloys. When the implant contains a metal alloy, the alloy should contain at least 80~ zirconium and preferably at least 95% zirconium.
The implant of the present invention can be used to replace a bone or to repair a bone in low-load joints.
The implant is useful in joints of the wrist, hand, ankles and feet, as well as the shoulders and elbows. The implant may incorporate anatomical features of the bone being repaired or replaced. When the hemiarthroplasty procedure involves joints comprising long bones, preferably the bone is resurfaced with an implant of the present invention, and one end of the implant would be designed to interact with the cartilage and other bone(s) of the ~oint and the other end of the implant would be designed to fit into the long bone when the hemiarthroplasty procedure involves the carpals, metacarpals, tarsals, metatarsals or phalanges, the implant can be designed for use in resurfacing the bone or can be designed for replacemént of the bone.
DEE~CRIPTION OF FIGURE8 Figure 1 shows the bones of the left hand and a trapezial implant.
Other advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawing.
DETAILBD DE~3CRIPTION OF INVE~ ON
The implants of the present invention are fabricated of zirconium or zirconium- containing metal alloys as generally described in U.S. 5,037,438 (see column 5, lines 15 to 34). The implants are cast or machined to the required shape by conventional means known in the art after which they are oxidized to form a black or blue-black oxide according to the procedure of U.S. 2,987,352 and as further elaborated in U.S. 5,037,438 (see column 5, lines 50 to 68 - 21163b7 and column 6, lines 1 to 44). ~he relevant portions of U.S. 5,037,438 and U.S. 2,987, 352 are incorporated herein by reference.
Although the implants of the present invention can contain alloys of zirconium, including titanium, niobium, hafnium, and other metals known to form stable alloys with zirconium, it is preferred that the implant be formed substantially of zirconium.
The implant~ or prothesis are prepared by using a mold lo which has the appropriate configuration to interact with other bones and cartilage of the joint being repaired. The present invention can be used in the 6ame manner as silicone elastomer implants which are in common use today for hemi-implants.
Most typically, the implants of the present invention are used in joints which are considered low load bearing joints. Nevertheless, the implant of the present invention finds particular use in the hand, ankle, and foot. The implant described and claimed herein is useful in hemiarthroplasty in bunion surgery and can be placed in the great toe or can be used to replace other bones of the phalanges, as well a~ the metatarsal, tarsal, carpal, and metacarpal bones. The implants of the present invention also find use in shoulder joints and elbow joints.
In using the implant of the present invention, either the entire bone can be replaced or a portion of the bone can be replaced, in which case the zirconium implant is shaped in such a manner as to fit into the bone being repaired. For example, when the implant is used to replace a portion of a bone (i.e., to resurface the bone), the implant can be equipped with spikes or other protrusions such as a stem that can fit into the bone being repaired such that one end of the implant would be configured to interact with the other bone of the joint and the other end of the implant would be flat except for the spikes or other protrusions which would fit into the bone being repaired.
Replacement of a portion of the bone would find a particular use when repairing joints of the upper extremity involving long bones, but also would be useful in the short bones of the wrists, hands, ankles and feet. The implant, or the portion of the implant which articulates with the other bone of the joint, can be anatomical (i.e., shaped similarly to the natural bone). When an entire bone is being replaced, it is preferred that the entire bone be anatomical. However, the present invention can be utilized with non-anatomical prostheses.
The implant of the present invention is abrasion resistant and capable of interacting with the cartilage of apposing bone of the joint being repaired. The zirconium oxide coated implant or prothesis of the present invention provides very good resistance to the wear imparted by the apposite bone and cartilage. Additionally, the zirconium oxide coated implant minimizes wear on the opposing cartilaginous surface. The zirconium oxide coating is preferably about 1-5 microns in thickness.
Figure 1 is illustrative of the use of an implant of the present invention wherein only a portion of the bone is replaced. In this particular example, the trapezium is resurfaced with an anatomical implant generally shown at ~10). The left hand is depicted and it is apparent to one skilled in the art that the configuration of the implant would be reversed for a right hand implant. The surface ~12) of the implant which interacts with the first metacarpal i~ non-symmetrical and has a complex radii with the lateral edge ~14) of the implant elevated more than the medial edge ~lC).
The implant depicted in Figure 1 illustrates a resurfacing technique wherein the tip of the trapezium i8 replaced. Such a technique can be applied to other bones :.:
` 2116~07 :-as described above. In a resurfacing procedure of the smaller bones, it is useful to preserve as much of the bone being repaired as possible. In a bone such as the trapezium, an implant having spikes (18) as depicted in Figure 1 is particularly useful, enabling one to preserve as much of the trapezium as possible. In a larger bone (e.g., of the elbow), the implant could have a stem for insertion into the long bone which would provide added strength to the repaired joint.
~he invention has been descrlbed in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that the terminology which has been used is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation.
Obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible ln light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims wherein reference numerals are merely for convenience and are not to be in any way limiting, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
Claims (10)
1. An implant for use in hemiarthroplasty which comprises a body formed of zirconium or zirconium alloy, said body being coated with blue-black or black zirconium oxide, said body being sized and shaped to cooperate with natural bone and cartilage in situ.
2. The implant of claim 1 wherein the zirconium-oxide coating is from about one micron to about five microns in thickness.
3. The implant of claim 2 wherein the body is sized and shaped for adaptation for use in bones of the body selected from wrist bones, hand bones, ankle bones, foot bones, shoulder bones, and elbow bones.
4. The implant of claim 3 in which the implant is a resurface for a bone.
5. The implant of claim 3 in which the body sizing and shaping incorporates anatomical features of the bone to be resurfaced.
6. The implant of claim 4 in which the sizing and shaping incorporates anatomical features of the surface of the bone to be resurfaced.
7. The implant of claim 1 wherein the body is sized and shaped as a human bone selected from carpal bones, metacarpal bones, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones and, phalangeal bones.
8. The implant as claimed in claim 1 in which the implant is fashioned to replace the entire bone.
9. The implant of claim 1 further comprising at least one protrusion capable of being inserted into a bone.
10. The use of the implant of any of claims 1-9 in a hemiarthroplasty procedure in which the implant is intended to cooperate directly with natural bone and cartilage in situ.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2326793A | 1993-02-26 | 1993-02-26 | |
| US08/023,267 | 1993-02-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2116307A1 true CA2116307A1 (en) | 1994-08-27 |
Family
ID=21814082
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2116307 Abandoned CA2116307A1 (en) | 1993-02-26 | 1994-02-23 | Hemiarthroplasty application of zirconium oxide coated prosthesis |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU5638894A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2116307A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5370694A (en) * | 1989-07-25 | 1994-12-06 | Smith & Nephew Richards, Inc. | Zirconium oxide and nitride coated endoprostheses for tissue protection |
-
1994
- 1994-02-23 CA CA 2116307 patent/CA2116307A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-02-24 AU AU56388/94A patent/AU5638894A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5638894A (en) | 1994-09-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |