CA2116299A1 - Method for improving the bleach resistance of dyed textile fiber and product made thereby - Google Patents
Method for improving the bleach resistance of dyed textile fiber and product made therebyInfo
- Publication number
- CA2116299A1 CA2116299A1 CA002116299A CA2116299A CA2116299A1 CA 2116299 A1 CA2116299 A1 CA 2116299A1 CA 002116299 A CA002116299 A CA 002116299A CA 2116299 A CA2116299 A CA 2116299A CA 2116299 A1 CA2116299 A1 CA 2116299A1
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- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- textile fiber
- acid
- fiber
- solution
- textile
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/59—Polyamides; Polyimides
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/322—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing nitrogen
- D06M13/325—Amines
- D06M13/332—Di- or polyamines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/52—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing synthetic macromolecular substances
- D06P1/5264—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- D06P1/5278—Polyamides; Polyimides; Polylactames; Polyalkyleneimines
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/44—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders
- D06P1/64—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using insoluble pigments or auxiliary substances, e.g. binders using compositions containing low-molecular-weight organic compounds without sulfate or sulfonate groups
- D06P1/642—Compounds containing nitrogen
- D06P1/6426—Heterocyclic compounds
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A process for protecting a dyed textile fiber from decolorization caused by exposure to bleach, and improving colorfastness is provided by applying an aqueous solution of non-volatile, polymeric salt forming monomers, such as hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, to the textile fiber followed by drying the fiber to polymerize the monomers and form a non-volatile, polymeric salt film thereon. The process is especially suitable for treating dyed polyamide fiber used in floor covering products.
A process for protecting a dyed textile fiber from decolorization caused by exposure to bleach, and improving colorfastness is provided by applying an aqueous solution of non-volatile, polymeric salt forming monomers, such as hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid, to the textile fiber followed by drying the fiber to polymerize the monomers and form a non-volatile, polymeric salt film thereon. The process is especially suitable for treating dyed polyamide fiber used in floor covering products.
Description
.:~
. cuc~sl8l4 .`'. 5 ll~OD l?OR lMPRO~IllG q!l~lS BI.~5aC~1 R~ 18TAJI~
OF DY~D q~D~T~L~ FIBBR AND PRODUCT ~Dl~ T~B~UlBlr R~5~ArED APPI.~CATIONS
J.'' This application is a continuation-in-part of Serial Number 07/876,493 filed April 30, 1992, specific mention being made ~' 10 herein to obtain tne benefit of its earlier filing date.
"
BAC~RO~D OF ~ INVENT~ON
. 3. This invention relates to formation of a non-volatile polymeric salt film derived from polyamines and polycarS~oxylic acids on a dyed textile fiber to prevent color loss, eapecially `~ 15 by chemical attack from solutions of chlorine blcach, and to improve colorfastn~ss.
Polymeric coal:ings have been applied to textile fiber~ to solve a wide range of probleSms. It is well known that ~ela~ine-~ formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, thiourea-formaldehyde and ;~ 20 phenyl-formaldehyde resins may be applied to cellulosic fibers to impart anti-creasing properties, prevent shrinking and for fixation of dyestuffs. Additionally, these resins have been found to protect dyed cellulose textiles from color 108~ when they are exposed to chlorine solutions. In Landolt, U.S. Patent Number 2,373,191, a process is disclosed for combining a dyed fiber, such as cotton, which has been treated with one of the aforementioned resins and cured, with a fiber, such as wool, which is to be treated in a chlorine solution to prevent .,1 ,, ' : Cuc ND. 1814 shrinkage. Subsequent application of a chlorine solu~ion to ~he fiber mixture should not discolor the dyed cotton fiber.
Recently, formaldehyde has been targeted as a hazardous chemical in the work place and its use has become severely restricted.
Other drawbacks of the urea-formaldehyde type resins include yellowing and stiffness imparted to the treated fiber.
A number of known procasses ar~ directed to providing permanent press or anti shrink properties to wool and blend3 of ~; wool fibers with some type of polymeric film. For exampl~, 10 Intermacom A.G.'s British Patent 1,259,082 discloses in situ formation of a polyamide film on a textile fiber. In i~i~u film formation may be achieved by interfacial poly~erization u~ing a diamine and diacid chloride or diacid ecter. Alternatively, a polyamide emulsion or solution may be applied to a textlle ~iber 1~ and cured, such as in Coe, U.S. Patent 2,890,097. Th~
processes have limited applications to the treatment of carpet, ~ince thQy tend to impart a harsh hand to the finished product .'J and have not been demonstrated ~o impart bleach resistance to dyed textile fibers.
Textile floor coverings, particularly polyamide pile carpet, have been the focus of a variety of protective treatments.
Sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde condensation products, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer and polymers and copol~mers of methacrylic acid have been applied to polyamide fibers to prevent staining, and represent the "stain blocker" technology. Ozone ;-`
~, 211fi299 Cll~e No. 1814 protection has been sought by coating polyaMide fiberis with one or more of N,N'-disubstituted thioureas, polythioureas, tertiary amines formed by the reaction of epoxides and amines and organic phosphites. Also, a combination of film-forming polyvinyl chloride and water insoluble organic phosphate ester has been applied to polyamide fiber to provide flame retardancy.
Despite the availability of the aforementioned treatments, serious shortcomings remain in protecting floor covering ~rom discoloratio~ by bleach. This problem is especially pr~vnlent at health care installations where bleach solutions are routinely used to disinfect furniture, equipment, fixtures, and the interior of the building. Even a spill of a dilute bleach solution, as low as O.05 wt.% solution of sodium hypochlorite, can ruin a section of carpet.
One approach to eliminating the risk of discoloration caused by bleach has been to provide solution dyed fibers. Thus, the dye is incorporated into the polymer melt prior to spinning. The colorant is evenly distributed throughout the cross-section of ;3 the fiber. If the fiber is later exposed to bleach, only the dyé
at the surface will be affected and the overall color of the ~ fiber will not be significantly diminished.
i Nevertheless, solution dyed fibers have several drawbacks, not the least of which is that they are more expensive to , produce. Further, solution dyed fibers introduce additional complications to the manufacturing process. Large inventories of ~.1 ,,, , :
~J
- ~ 2116299 ~ ~ 1814 each color of fiber must be maintained rather than a single inventory of undyed fibers, which can later be dyed to the desired color. If patterning is desired, one must either tuft ~-the carpet with two or more different colored yarns or print the pattern over the base color. The first alternative is very ~2'~, expensive. Overprinted patterns, which are only applied to the2~2 surface of the fiber, are typically used, but the patterns are subject to bleach attack.
In addition to the problems encountered from bleach attack, ~ l0 many dyed textile fibers, especially those incorporated into '.:f floor coverings, are susceptible to wet crocking. The problem is frequently encountered during shampooing, where the combination of mechanical agitation and detergents particularly is severe.
~M~A~Y OF T~ INV~NTION
Therefore, one of the objects of this invention is to provide an economical dyed textile fiber which is resistant to discoloration by chlorine bleach.
Another object of this invention is to provide a treatment , to impart bleach resistance which can be applied after the fiber -i' 20 is dyed or to textiles having a pattern printed thereon.
. Yet another object of this invention i~ to provide a treatment for imparting bleach resistance which does not contain formaldehyde, discolor or adversely impact on the hand of the textile f iber.
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211~299 C~ 1814 A further object of this invention is to provide a treatment which will improve the colorfastness of dyed textile fiber, especially with regard to wet crocking and shampooing.
Accordingly, a method for treating a dyed textile fiber is provided having the steps of applying solutions of non-volatile, polymeric ~alt formin;~, poly-functional monomers to the dyed t~xtile fiber, drying the textile fiber at a temperature sufficient to polymerize the monomers and below a softening te~perature of the textile fiber, to form a water insoluble, non-volatile polymeric salt film on the textile fiber. A textileproduct made according to the above method is also included within the scope of th invention.
The invention features application of the treatment solution by conventional techniques, such as padding, baths or spraying.
The solution may be a~ueous, thereby avoiding the emission of organic solvents. The treatment ~olution may be applied to carpet which has already been installed and the non-volatile polymeric salt allowed to equilibrate at ambient temperature.
DE~CRIPTION OF T~E PREFERRED EMBODIM~NT OF TH~ INV~NTION
Without limiting the scope of the invention, the preferred features and embodiment of the invention is hereinafter set forth. The object of the invention is to provide dyed textile fiber with protection from chemical attack by chlorine bleach, ~ which is known to discolor the dye, and improved colorfastness.
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':
` Cuet~ 1814 The most common route of exposure to damage occurs when cleaning solutions or disinfectants containing sodium hypo~hlorite are spilled on carpet. Nylon or polyamide fiber is used predominantly as the face material for floor covering and is the focus of the present invention.
Of course, an important criteria in evaluating the treatment is the degree to which the textile fiber is protected from discoloration when exposed to a chlorine bleach solution. For disinfecting purposes, the Center for Disease Control recommends a 0.05 % solution of sodium hypochlorite for non-porous sur~aces, such as counter tops, and a 0.5% solution for porous sur~aces, such as grout. Sodium hypochlorite is referred to gener~lly herein as chlorine bleach or bleach. Spills of bleach solution may remain unattended on the carpet for hours or even day~, which i~ 15 adds to the strain placed on any protective treatment.
Additionally, the protective treatment should be durable, be able to withstand foot traffic and multiple washings, and improve colorfastness. With regard to cleaning the carpet with "wetS' techniques, such as hot water extraction, it is important that the treatment be water insoluble. The protective treatment should have a minimum impact on the physical characteristics of the textile fiber. Therefore, the treatment should not impart a i~ harsh hand to the fiber, cause matting or yellowing.
Heightened environmental awareness has limited the acceptable monomers, polymers and solvents which may be use~ in a .,i ~ ~, :;,r ~ ;:
11 21162~9 ~ N~1814 protective treatment. For example, resins containing formaldehyde and organic solvents, especially those containing aromatics, are undesirable. Even treatments employing less toxic organic solvents can substantially increase manufacturing costs when emission controls are required.
The bleach resistance treatment is applicable to both natuxal and synthetic textile fibers. Thus, by way of example, fibers made from the following materials may be effectively treated according to the methods disclosed herein: polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, acrylics, and cellulosic fibers such as cotton and rayon. The treatment method is especially useful ~n polyamide fibers, particularly Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,6. The term "fiber" is used in a broad sense and is intended to include both staple fibers and filaments. It is not material to the praCtice l 15 of ths invention whether the fibers are treated prior to or after , being formed into a textile product as long as the fiber has .,. f irst been dyed. Accordingly, the fiber may be treated in the form of a staple fiber, filament, yarn, woven, knitted, or nonwoven fabric, or adhered to a substrate as by tufting or adhesion. From a manufacturing point of view, since most fibers are dyed after being formed into a textile product, the bleach resistance treatment will usually be applied to a fabric or floor covering product.
The present treatment method has applications when any dye which is susceptible to discoloration by chlorine bleach, is used . .
s, ,,,~ , ~ . ' 21162~9 ~i ~JO. 1814 to color textile fibers. The dye may be fixed to the sur~ace, of the textile fiber by, for example, chemical reaction, ionic association or with a binder. Representative examples of types of dyes which may be protected by the instant treatment include 5 acid dyes, basic dyes, cationic dyes, direct dyes, dispersed dyes, fiber-reactive dyes, metalized dyes, pre-metalized dyes, and vat dyes. Classes of dyes within each o~ these categories which are particularly susceptible to attack by hypochlorite ions are acid dyes and fiber reactive dyes. Selection of an 10 appropriate dye for a particular type of fiber is well within the knowledge of those with skill in the art,. Likewise, applica~ion ~ of the dye to a particular textile product such as by yarn ; dyeing, range dyeing, jet dyeing, solution dyeing or other , conventional techniques, is a routine matter. Textile pr~ducts !3 15 containing a base color, including those made of solution dyed i synthetic fibers, which have been overprinted with a pattern, such a~ by ink jet printing, screen printing, or gravure printing, may be treated to provide bleach resistance. Since the ~;` method of imparting bleach resistance to the textile fiber 20 comprises forming a non-volatile, polymeric salt film on the ~ fiber surface, the particular dye or dyeing technique is not 3 considered critical.
Generally, bleach resistance is imparted to a textile fiber by applying solutions of monomers and allowing the monomers to 25 react to form a protective film on the fiber. The monomers may ;d '.'i `: ` ` 2116299 ~ ~.1814 include oligomers or relatively low molecular weight "polymers"
containing functional end groups, which may be reacted to form a ,'.7, non-volatile salt film. The monomers are characterized by 3, compounds which form polymeric, non-volatile salt films, ~ 5 requiring that thev are at least bifunctional. Higher j.7 functionality monoJ,ers, such as a combination of butane tetracarboxylic acid and a diamine may be used effectively.
~i In a preferred embodiment the diamine used in the reaction to form a polymeric salt is a low molecular weight "polymeric~
diamine made by reacting one mole of an ester of a diacid or diacid chloride wit~ two moles of a diamine. For example, one mole of a methyl ester of adipic acid, glutaric acid or succ$nic acid, may be reacted with 2 moles of hexamethylene diamine to ;! for~ a low molecula- weight polyamide, diamine. The "polymeric"
;~ 15 diamine is substantially less volatile than hexamethylen~
diamine, and thus, does not pose a health risk. The "polymeric"
diamine contains a diamine covalen~ly bonded to the diacid ester to form an amide linkage and is distinguished from the polymeric salt film formed on the fiber by the reaction of a diamine and diacid under conditions which do not form a polyamide.
The monomers used to form the polymeric salt are preferably water soluble or easily emulsified or dispersed in an aqueous solution. Monomers having molecular weights less than l,000 are preferred, those with molecular weights less than 750 are most ~', 25 preferred.
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~, CueNo.1814 Thus, one important group of monomers useful herein are combinations of C2_20 polyamines and polycarboxylic acid~. By way of example, suitable polyamines include: ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, 1,8-octanediamine and piperazine. And, examples of suitable polycarboxylic acids include: carbonic acid, cxalic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, i`i isophthalic acid, butane tetracarboxylic acid and terephthalic 'i~ acid. Especially useful are combinations of diami~es and r~ 10 diacids, most preferable are hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid. Polymers formed from the reaction of diamines and dibasic acid will be referred to as AABB type polymeric salts.
Another class of monomers are C2_20 amino acids which ~orm ~i AB type polymeric salts. Examples of these type monomers include 6-aminohexanoic acid, aminoundeconoic acid, 2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid, glycine, cystine, asparagine, glutamine, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, and aminododeconoic acid.
~, Al~o included within the scope of useful monomers are lactams formed from the aforementioned amino acids, where possible, especially ~-caprolactam, provided t~e lactam is heated in the presence of water to form an amino acid salt.
l The treatment solution has a total monomer concentration of - from 2 to 30 wt.%, preferably from 5 to 20 wt.~. The solvent itself is selected on the basis of its ability to form a solution i 25 with the monomers, preferably at ambient temperatures. However, :.:.,s ..
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Ca~ No. 1814 it is i~portant that the textile fiber itself is not isoluble in ~` or plasticized by the solvent. The solvent is preferably aqueous or a Cl-C8 alcohol. Other polar solvents and organic solvents may be employed, however, due to problems with toxicity or other limitations on emissions, their use is less desirable.
~; The treatment solution is applied to a dyed textile fiber, ; which may be in the form of a staple fiber, filament, yarn, ~ fabric, or adhered to a substrate. Any of a number of G,1, conven~ional techniques for wetting a textile fiber with a liquid !,'. 10 solution may be used. For example, the treatment solution may be applied to pile carpet by padding, spraying, or immersion in a bath. The traatment solution can be applied to carpe~ which ha~
already been installed, and may even be accompanied by mechanical agitation to ensure thorough wetting. The wet pick up ii~
typically from 5 to about 50 wt.% treatment solution based on the dry weight of the textile fiber, not including a substrate. A
~t, wet pick up of approximately 25% of the weight of the textile fiber is typical.
The amount of treatment solution applied to the textile ~' 20 fiber may conveniently be gauged in terms of the weight percent of monomer solids per weight of fiber, which when reacted, will represent the weight percent of polymeric salt film on the fiber.
The lower limit of application believed to provide at least a . modicum of protection is about one weight percent solids per ~: 25 weight of fiber. The amount of monomer applied may be increased ,. 11 ' ~'' ~'s C~: No. 1814 -~ up until the point that an adverse effect on the hand and matting of the textile fibers is observed. As a practical matter, diminishing returns of increased protection versus cost will be seen after approximatel-~ 10 wt.% monomer solids per weight of 5 fiber is reached. Preferably, from 2 to 7 wt.% monomer solids per textile fiber is achieved by application of the treatment solution.
The next step of the process is to allow the monomers to react to form a protective, non-volatile, polymeric salt film on the textile fibers. The treatment solution will react at ambient conditions, at least 20 C~ However, in the case of applica~ion of the treatment solution to installed carpet, that is a vlable method of achieving protection. ~dditionally, when treating installed carpet, it~is important to consider the solvent ~
selected for the treatment solution. Aqueous solution~ are preferred for health, safety, and environmental concerns, since the solvent evaporates after application as the monomers begin to ~;
.~ react.
Those with skill in the art will recognize that the pH of the treatment solution may need to be adjusted to dissolve, emulsify or disperse the monomers. For example, amino acids such as cystine, arginine and asparagine are more readily dispersed at ~ a pH of 11-12 in an aqueous solvent. After application of the ,1 treatment solution to the textile fiber, an acid, such as citric acid, may be applied to lower the pH and precipitate the ;, ., , 2116299 C~ ND. 1814 monomers. Preferably, the pH of the treatment solution i~
returned to neutral, since the treatment is found to be most effective in protecting against bleach attack at a pH of 6-8, preferably 7. In that regard, a buffer, such as sodium citrate, may be useful in maintaining a neutral pH and may be added with ~! the citric acid.
~ In a preferred embodiment, salicylic acid is added to the ,~, treatment solution and has been found to enhance the bl~ach resistance of the treated textile. Without being bound to a particular theory, it is believed that the -O~ group of the acid participates in the reaction with the hypochlorite ion. Unllk~
other phenolic comE~ounds, the salicylic acid does not appear to cause yellowing of the textile fiber. The pH of the treatment ~, solution may be adjusted to 11-12 to dissolve the salicylic acid prior to application. From 0.1 to 7 wt.% of salicylic acid per weight of textile Ciber ~ay be applied, preferably from 0.5 to 5.O wt.% of salicylic acid.
It has been found that some monomers, such as the "polymeric" diamine containing two moles of hexamethylene diamine and one mole of a dibasic ester described above may act as an ~, emulsifier to disperse salicylic acid at neutral pH.
Consequently, a treatment solution containing a "polymeric"
~; diamine, or other emulsifier, and salicylic acid could be neutralized prior to application of the solution to a textile fiber.
.
,", ~ ' ~ ' ' . ' - ,, A ~ , . ' ' 21162~9 :
.,, C~eNQ 1814 While it is preferable to apply all of the monomers to the ~; textile fiber in a single treatment solution, the invention is -~ not so limited. For example, a solution of the diamine could be ~, applied first to the textile fiber followed by application of a second solution containing the diacid, or vice versa. As ~ discuss2d above, the pH of the treatment solution containing one or more monomers may be adjusted after the treatment solution i~
applied to a textile fiber.
The durability of the protective non-volatile polymeric salt film may be enhanced by reacting the treatment solution at higher temperatures. For example, polyamide fiber in the form of a . tufted pile carpet, may be heated in an oven to temperatures up !~ to the softening point of the fiber. Thus, reaction temperatures of from 100 C to the softening temperature of the fiber m~y be used. Typically, the textile fiber is exposed to temperatures o~
from 100 to 200 C, preferably 120 to 160 C. The length of exposure will be determined by the time required to evaporate the sol~ent and to drive the reaction to completion.
Catalysts may be employed in the treatment solution to improve the configuration of the non-volatile, polymeric salt on the surface of the fiber when the treatment is performed at l~wer temperatures, especially when reac~ion occurs at ambient conditions. Since bleach resistance may be lost if the protective film is washed off during normal carpet cleaning, it is preferable that the reaction proceed to the extent that a ~,.,, , ;" , . -, , :, , , ~ - , ~.. , . :, ;: , - -~ ~:: .,, . "-' ' ' ., - :, -~ :
,~
",,. ':
. cuc~sl8l4 .`'. 5 ll~OD l?OR lMPRO~IllG q!l~lS BI.~5aC~1 R~ 18TAJI~
OF DY~D q~D~T~L~ FIBBR AND PRODUCT ~Dl~ T~B~UlBlr R~5~ArED APPI.~CATIONS
J.'' This application is a continuation-in-part of Serial Number 07/876,493 filed April 30, 1992, specific mention being made ~' 10 herein to obtain tne benefit of its earlier filing date.
"
BAC~RO~D OF ~ INVENT~ON
. 3. This invention relates to formation of a non-volatile polymeric salt film derived from polyamines and polycarS~oxylic acids on a dyed textile fiber to prevent color loss, eapecially `~ 15 by chemical attack from solutions of chlorine blcach, and to improve colorfastn~ss.
Polymeric coal:ings have been applied to textile fiber~ to solve a wide range of probleSms. It is well known that ~ela~ine-~ formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, thiourea-formaldehyde and ;~ 20 phenyl-formaldehyde resins may be applied to cellulosic fibers to impart anti-creasing properties, prevent shrinking and for fixation of dyestuffs. Additionally, these resins have been found to protect dyed cellulose textiles from color 108~ when they are exposed to chlorine solutions. In Landolt, U.S. Patent Number 2,373,191, a process is disclosed for combining a dyed fiber, such as cotton, which has been treated with one of the aforementioned resins and cured, with a fiber, such as wool, which is to be treated in a chlorine solution to prevent .,1 ,, ' : Cuc ND. 1814 shrinkage. Subsequent application of a chlorine solu~ion to ~he fiber mixture should not discolor the dyed cotton fiber.
Recently, formaldehyde has been targeted as a hazardous chemical in the work place and its use has become severely restricted.
Other drawbacks of the urea-formaldehyde type resins include yellowing and stiffness imparted to the treated fiber.
A number of known procasses ar~ directed to providing permanent press or anti shrink properties to wool and blend3 of ~; wool fibers with some type of polymeric film. For exampl~, 10 Intermacom A.G.'s British Patent 1,259,082 discloses in situ formation of a polyamide film on a textile fiber. In i~i~u film formation may be achieved by interfacial poly~erization u~ing a diamine and diacid chloride or diacid ecter. Alternatively, a polyamide emulsion or solution may be applied to a textlle ~iber 1~ and cured, such as in Coe, U.S. Patent 2,890,097. Th~
processes have limited applications to the treatment of carpet, ~ince thQy tend to impart a harsh hand to the finished product .'J and have not been demonstrated ~o impart bleach resistance to dyed textile fibers.
Textile floor coverings, particularly polyamide pile carpet, have been the focus of a variety of protective treatments.
Sulfonated phenol-formaldehyde condensation products, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer and polymers and copol~mers of methacrylic acid have been applied to polyamide fibers to prevent staining, and represent the "stain blocker" technology. Ozone ;-`
~, 211fi299 Cll~e No. 1814 protection has been sought by coating polyaMide fiberis with one or more of N,N'-disubstituted thioureas, polythioureas, tertiary amines formed by the reaction of epoxides and amines and organic phosphites. Also, a combination of film-forming polyvinyl chloride and water insoluble organic phosphate ester has been applied to polyamide fiber to provide flame retardancy.
Despite the availability of the aforementioned treatments, serious shortcomings remain in protecting floor covering ~rom discoloratio~ by bleach. This problem is especially pr~vnlent at health care installations where bleach solutions are routinely used to disinfect furniture, equipment, fixtures, and the interior of the building. Even a spill of a dilute bleach solution, as low as O.05 wt.% solution of sodium hypochlorite, can ruin a section of carpet.
One approach to eliminating the risk of discoloration caused by bleach has been to provide solution dyed fibers. Thus, the dye is incorporated into the polymer melt prior to spinning. The colorant is evenly distributed throughout the cross-section of ;3 the fiber. If the fiber is later exposed to bleach, only the dyé
at the surface will be affected and the overall color of the ~ fiber will not be significantly diminished.
i Nevertheless, solution dyed fibers have several drawbacks, not the least of which is that they are more expensive to , produce. Further, solution dyed fibers introduce additional complications to the manufacturing process. Large inventories of ~.1 ,,, , :
~J
- ~ 2116299 ~ ~ 1814 each color of fiber must be maintained rather than a single inventory of undyed fibers, which can later be dyed to the desired color. If patterning is desired, one must either tuft ~-the carpet with two or more different colored yarns or print the pattern over the base color. The first alternative is very ~2'~, expensive. Overprinted patterns, which are only applied to the2~2 surface of the fiber, are typically used, but the patterns are subject to bleach attack.
In addition to the problems encountered from bleach attack, ~ l0 many dyed textile fibers, especially those incorporated into '.:f floor coverings, are susceptible to wet crocking. The problem is frequently encountered during shampooing, where the combination of mechanical agitation and detergents particularly is severe.
~M~A~Y OF T~ INV~NTION
Therefore, one of the objects of this invention is to provide an economical dyed textile fiber which is resistant to discoloration by chlorine bleach.
Another object of this invention is to provide a treatment , to impart bleach resistance which can be applied after the fiber -i' 20 is dyed or to textiles having a pattern printed thereon.
. Yet another object of this invention i~ to provide a treatment for imparting bleach resistance which does not contain formaldehyde, discolor or adversely impact on the hand of the textile f iber.
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211~299 C~ 1814 A further object of this invention is to provide a treatment which will improve the colorfastness of dyed textile fiber, especially with regard to wet crocking and shampooing.
Accordingly, a method for treating a dyed textile fiber is provided having the steps of applying solutions of non-volatile, polymeric ~alt formin;~, poly-functional monomers to the dyed t~xtile fiber, drying the textile fiber at a temperature sufficient to polymerize the monomers and below a softening te~perature of the textile fiber, to form a water insoluble, non-volatile polymeric salt film on the textile fiber. A textileproduct made according to the above method is also included within the scope of th invention.
The invention features application of the treatment solution by conventional techniques, such as padding, baths or spraying.
The solution may be a~ueous, thereby avoiding the emission of organic solvents. The treatment ~olution may be applied to carpet which has already been installed and the non-volatile polymeric salt allowed to equilibrate at ambient temperature.
DE~CRIPTION OF T~E PREFERRED EMBODIM~NT OF TH~ INV~NTION
Without limiting the scope of the invention, the preferred features and embodiment of the invention is hereinafter set forth. The object of the invention is to provide dyed textile fiber with protection from chemical attack by chlorine bleach, ~ which is known to discolor the dye, and improved colorfastness.
`~, 5 , ' ~' 5~ , ' ' "''''`' ~`'~
':
` Cuet~ 1814 The most common route of exposure to damage occurs when cleaning solutions or disinfectants containing sodium hypo~hlorite are spilled on carpet. Nylon or polyamide fiber is used predominantly as the face material for floor covering and is the focus of the present invention.
Of course, an important criteria in evaluating the treatment is the degree to which the textile fiber is protected from discoloration when exposed to a chlorine bleach solution. For disinfecting purposes, the Center for Disease Control recommends a 0.05 % solution of sodium hypochlorite for non-porous sur~aces, such as counter tops, and a 0.5% solution for porous sur~aces, such as grout. Sodium hypochlorite is referred to gener~lly herein as chlorine bleach or bleach. Spills of bleach solution may remain unattended on the carpet for hours or even day~, which i~ 15 adds to the strain placed on any protective treatment.
Additionally, the protective treatment should be durable, be able to withstand foot traffic and multiple washings, and improve colorfastness. With regard to cleaning the carpet with "wetS' techniques, such as hot water extraction, it is important that the treatment be water insoluble. The protective treatment should have a minimum impact on the physical characteristics of the textile fiber. Therefore, the treatment should not impart a i~ harsh hand to the fiber, cause matting or yellowing.
Heightened environmental awareness has limited the acceptable monomers, polymers and solvents which may be use~ in a .,i ~ ~, :;,r ~ ;:
11 21162~9 ~ N~1814 protective treatment. For example, resins containing formaldehyde and organic solvents, especially those containing aromatics, are undesirable. Even treatments employing less toxic organic solvents can substantially increase manufacturing costs when emission controls are required.
The bleach resistance treatment is applicable to both natuxal and synthetic textile fibers. Thus, by way of example, fibers made from the following materials may be effectively treated according to the methods disclosed herein: polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins, acrylics, and cellulosic fibers such as cotton and rayon. The treatment method is especially useful ~n polyamide fibers, particularly Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,6. The term "fiber" is used in a broad sense and is intended to include both staple fibers and filaments. It is not material to the praCtice l 15 of ths invention whether the fibers are treated prior to or after , being formed into a textile product as long as the fiber has .,. f irst been dyed. Accordingly, the fiber may be treated in the form of a staple fiber, filament, yarn, woven, knitted, or nonwoven fabric, or adhered to a substrate as by tufting or adhesion. From a manufacturing point of view, since most fibers are dyed after being formed into a textile product, the bleach resistance treatment will usually be applied to a fabric or floor covering product.
The present treatment method has applications when any dye which is susceptible to discoloration by chlorine bleach, is used . .
s, ,,,~ , ~ . ' 21162~9 ~i ~JO. 1814 to color textile fibers. The dye may be fixed to the sur~ace, of the textile fiber by, for example, chemical reaction, ionic association or with a binder. Representative examples of types of dyes which may be protected by the instant treatment include 5 acid dyes, basic dyes, cationic dyes, direct dyes, dispersed dyes, fiber-reactive dyes, metalized dyes, pre-metalized dyes, and vat dyes. Classes of dyes within each o~ these categories which are particularly susceptible to attack by hypochlorite ions are acid dyes and fiber reactive dyes. Selection of an 10 appropriate dye for a particular type of fiber is well within the knowledge of those with skill in the art,. Likewise, applica~ion ~ of the dye to a particular textile product such as by yarn ; dyeing, range dyeing, jet dyeing, solution dyeing or other , conventional techniques, is a routine matter. Textile pr~ducts !3 15 containing a base color, including those made of solution dyed i synthetic fibers, which have been overprinted with a pattern, such a~ by ink jet printing, screen printing, or gravure printing, may be treated to provide bleach resistance. Since the ~;` method of imparting bleach resistance to the textile fiber 20 comprises forming a non-volatile, polymeric salt film on the ~ fiber surface, the particular dye or dyeing technique is not 3 considered critical.
Generally, bleach resistance is imparted to a textile fiber by applying solutions of monomers and allowing the monomers to 25 react to form a protective film on the fiber. The monomers may ;d '.'i `: ` ` 2116299 ~ ~.1814 include oligomers or relatively low molecular weight "polymers"
containing functional end groups, which may be reacted to form a ,'.7, non-volatile salt film. The monomers are characterized by 3, compounds which form polymeric, non-volatile salt films, ~ 5 requiring that thev are at least bifunctional. Higher j.7 functionality monoJ,ers, such as a combination of butane tetracarboxylic acid and a diamine may be used effectively.
~i In a preferred embodiment the diamine used in the reaction to form a polymeric salt is a low molecular weight "polymeric~
diamine made by reacting one mole of an ester of a diacid or diacid chloride wit~ two moles of a diamine. For example, one mole of a methyl ester of adipic acid, glutaric acid or succ$nic acid, may be reacted with 2 moles of hexamethylene diamine to ;! for~ a low molecula- weight polyamide, diamine. The "polymeric"
;~ 15 diamine is substantially less volatile than hexamethylen~
diamine, and thus, does not pose a health risk. The "polymeric"
diamine contains a diamine covalen~ly bonded to the diacid ester to form an amide linkage and is distinguished from the polymeric salt film formed on the fiber by the reaction of a diamine and diacid under conditions which do not form a polyamide.
The monomers used to form the polymeric salt are preferably water soluble or easily emulsified or dispersed in an aqueous solution. Monomers having molecular weights less than l,000 are preferred, those with molecular weights less than 750 are most ~', 25 preferred.
,.,; 9 ,.~ .
~, CueNo.1814 Thus, one important group of monomers useful herein are combinations of C2_20 polyamines and polycarboxylic acid~. By way of example, suitable polyamines include: ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, 1,8-octanediamine and piperazine. And, examples of suitable polycarboxylic acids include: carbonic acid, cxalic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, i`i isophthalic acid, butane tetracarboxylic acid and terephthalic 'i~ acid. Especially useful are combinations of diami~es and r~ 10 diacids, most preferable are hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid. Polymers formed from the reaction of diamines and dibasic acid will be referred to as AABB type polymeric salts.
Another class of monomers are C2_20 amino acids which ~orm ~i AB type polymeric salts. Examples of these type monomers include 6-aminohexanoic acid, aminoundeconoic acid, 2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid, glycine, cystine, asparagine, glutamine, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, and aminododeconoic acid.
~, Al~o included within the scope of useful monomers are lactams formed from the aforementioned amino acids, where possible, especially ~-caprolactam, provided t~e lactam is heated in the presence of water to form an amino acid salt.
l The treatment solution has a total monomer concentration of - from 2 to 30 wt.%, preferably from 5 to 20 wt.~. The solvent itself is selected on the basis of its ability to form a solution i 25 with the monomers, preferably at ambient temperatures. However, :.:.,s ..
., . , i: , . .,: ~, , , ~
: : .. , ,.,~ ~ .
: , . -: , : : : ~ : : . .:
Ca~ No. 1814 it is i~portant that the textile fiber itself is not isoluble in ~` or plasticized by the solvent. The solvent is preferably aqueous or a Cl-C8 alcohol. Other polar solvents and organic solvents may be employed, however, due to problems with toxicity or other limitations on emissions, their use is less desirable.
~; The treatment solution is applied to a dyed textile fiber, ; which may be in the form of a staple fiber, filament, yarn, ~ fabric, or adhered to a substrate. Any of a number of G,1, conven~ional techniques for wetting a textile fiber with a liquid !,'. 10 solution may be used. For example, the treatment solution may be applied to pile carpet by padding, spraying, or immersion in a bath. The traatment solution can be applied to carpe~ which ha~
already been installed, and may even be accompanied by mechanical agitation to ensure thorough wetting. The wet pick up ii~
typically from 5 to about 50 wt.% treatment solution based on the dry weight of the textile fiber, not including a substrate. A
~t, wet pick up of approximately 25% of the weight of the textile fiber is typical.
The amount of treatment solution applied to the textile ~' 20 fiber may conveniently be gauged in terms of the weight percent of monomer solids per weight of fiber, which when reacted, will represent the weight percent of polymeric salt film on the fiber.
The lower limit of application believed to provide at least a . modicum of protection is about one weight percent solids per ~: 25 weight of fiber. The amount of monomer applied may be increased ,. 11 ' ~'' ~'s C~: No. 1814 -~ up until the point that an adverse effect on the hand and matting of the textile fibers is observed. As a practical matter, diminishing returns of increased protection versus cost will be seen after approximatel-~ 10 wt.% monomer solids per weight of 5 fiber is reached. Preferably, from 2 to 7 wt.% monomer solids per textile fiber is achieved by application of the treatment solution.
The next step of the process is to allow the monomers to react to form a protective, non-volatile, polymeric salt film on the textile fibers. The treatment solution will react at ambient conditions, at least 20 C~ However, in the case of applica~ion of the treatment solution to installed carpet, that is a vlable method of achieving protection. ~dditionally, when treating installed carpet, it~is important to consider the solvent ~
selected for the treatment solution. Aqueous solution~ are preferred for health, safety, and environmental concerns, since the solvent evaporates after application as the monomers begin to ~;
.~ react.
Those with skill in the art will recognize that the pH of the treatment solution may need to be adjusted to dissolve, emulsify or disperse the monomers. For example, amino acids such as cystine, arginine and asparagine are more readily dispersed at ~ a pH of 11-12 in an aqueous solvent. After application of the ,1 treatment solution to the textile fiber, an acid, such as citric acid, may be applied to lower the pH and precipitate the ;, ., , 2116299 C~ ND. 1814 monomers. Preferably, the pH of the treatment solution i~
returned to neutral, since the treatment is found to be most effective in protecting against bleach attack at a pH of 6-8, preferably 7. In that regard, a buffer, such as sodium citrate, may be useful in maintaining a neutral pH and may be added with ~! the citric acid.
~ In a preferred embodiment, salicylic acid is added to the ,~, treatment solution and has been found to enhance the bl~ach resistance of the treated textile. Without being bound to a particular theory, it is believed that the -O~ group of the acid participates in the reaction with the hypochlorite ion. Unllk~
other phenolic comE~ounds, the salicylic acid does not appear to cause yellowing of the textile fiber. The pH of the treatment ~, solution may be adjusted to 11-12 to dissolve the salicylic acid prior to application. From 0.1 to 7 wt.% of salicylic acid per weight of textile Ciber ~ay be applied, preferably from 0.5 to 5.O wt.% of salicylic acid.
It has been found that some monomers, such as the "polymeric" diamine containing two moles of hexamethylene diamine and one mole of a dibasic ester described above may act as an ~, emulsifier to disperse salicylic acid at neutral pH.
Consequently, a treatment solution containing a "polymeric"
~; diamine, or other emulsifier, and salicylic acid could be neutralized prior to application of the solution to a textile fiber.
.
,", ~ ' ~ ' ' . ' - ,, A ~ , . ' ' 21162~9 :
.,, C~eNQ 1814 While it is preferable to apply all of the monomers to the ~; textile fiber in a single treatment solution, the invention is -~ not so limited. For example, a solution of the diamine could be ~, applied first to the textile fiber followed by application of a second solution containing the diacid, or vice versa. As ~ discuss2d above, the pH of the treatment solution containing one or more monomers may be adjusted after the treatment solution i~
applied to a textile fiber.
The durability of the protective non-volatile polymeric salt film may be enhanced by reacting the treatment solution at higher temperatures. For example, polyamide fiber in the form of a . tufted pile carpet, may be heated in an oven to temperatures up !~ to the softening point of the fiber. Thus, reaction temperatures of from 100 C to the softening temperature of the fiber m~y be used. Typically, the textile fiber is exposed to temperatures o~
from 100 to 200 C, preferably 120 to 160 C. The length of exposure will be determined by the time required to evaporate the sol~ent and to drive the reaction to completion.
Catalysts may be employed in the treatment solution to improve the configuration of the non-volatile, polymeric salt on the surface of the fiber when the treatment is performed at l~wer temperatures, especially when reac~ion occurs at ambient conditions. Since bleach resistance may be lost if the protective film is washed off during normal carpet cleaning, it is preferable that the reaction proceed to the extent that a ~,.,, , ;" , . -, , :, , , ~ - , ~.. , . :, ;: , - -~ ~:: .,, . "-' ' ' ., - :, -~ :
,~
",,. ':
2~16299 Ca~e No. 181~.
; water-insoluble film is formed on the textile fiber.
Without being bound to a particular theory, it is hypothesized that the non-volatile, polymeric salt film formed on the textile fiber provides a primary amine functionality which is sacrificed to the bleach solution. In particular, the amino nitrogen of the non-volatile polymeric salt film reacts with the hypochlorite ion of the bleach solution.
Additional compounds used to improve the characteristics of textile fibers may be incorporated into the treatment solution so long as they do not interfere with the non-volatile polym~ric salt formation. For example, fluorocarbon polymers which provide ~ anti-soiling and water repellency, and stain blockers ~uch as .9 condensation products containin~ sulfonated phenols may be employed.
The invention may be further understood by re~erences to the following examples, but the invention is not to be construed to be unduly limited thereby. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight.
, E~ANP~ 1 ,~, 20 A 26 oz/yd2, stock dyed with premetalized and standard acid s, dyes, loop pile, nylon 6,6 carpet is pretreated by spraying onto , the pile a homogeneous aqueous solution containing 8 percent by ~-~, weight of hexamethylenediamine and 8 percent by weight of adipic acid. The wet pickup is about 25 percent based on the dry weight '''s ` 211629~
., ., C~cNo.1814 of the nylon face fiber. The carpet is then submitted to a drying temperature of 275F for a period of 7 minutes. The treated carpet shows no appreciable change in appearance. The .i treated carpet and an untreated control are then subjected to a ~, 5 0.5 percent solution of sodium hypochlorite (the recommended r.J Center for Disease Control concentration for disinfecting ,,AIj purposes for porous surfaces) for a period of 24 hours, a~ter which the carpet is washed with water and dried. Visual comparison of the treated carpet to an untreated control sample 10 clearly reveals that the treated carpet has superior re~istance to color loss.
.~
i'. E~AMPLE 2 . ' The procedure of Example 1 is repeated in all respects except the carpet is 28 oz/yd2 stock dyed nylon 6,6 cut pile.
Identical results as those of Example 1 are ohtai~ed.
~SA~PLE 3 ,.~
The procedure of Example 1 is repeated in all respects except the 26 oz/yd2 stock dyed nylon 6,6 carpet is also overprinted with a pattern using similar acid dyes as in Example 1, prior to application o~ the treatment solution. Identical ¦¦ results as th e of ~xample l are obtained.
',,' ~l 16 ,s 211fi299 ~ ~.1814 EXA~PLE ~
The procedure of Example l is repeated in all respects except the carpet is made from a solution dyed nylon 6,6 fiber and is overprinted with a pattern prior to application of the treatment solution. Identical results as those of Exa~ple l are obtained on the overprinted pattern, the solution dyed color being unaffected on both the treated and control carpet.
., ~AMP~ 5 The procedure of Example l is repeated in all respects except the carpet is treated with a homogenous solution of lO
percent by weight of caprolactam and lO percent by weight o~
urea. Identical results as those of Example l are obtained.
} EXAMPL~ 6 ,~,j The procedure of Example l is repeated in all respect~
15 except butanetetracarboxylic acid is substituted for the adipic acid. Similar results as those of Example l are obtained. -~
The procedure of Example 2 is repeated in all respects except the treated carpet is subjected to simulated wear and cleaning of 5 years before exposure to the hypochlorite solution.
Similar results as those of Example l are obtained.
.
:. :
, ,~ . . .
~!, ~j C~eNo.1814 .j, E~I.B 8 Example 2 was repeated in all respects except the treated sample was air dried. A visual comparison of the treated sample to the untreated control reveals a decrease in color 1088 in the treated sample but not as significant as in the untreated control.
~, The following examples demonstrate the improved ' colorfastness of dyed textile ~ibers which have been treated according to the present invention and subjected to commercial , 10 cleaning solutions or water.
,i 1 -i E~AMPL~ 9 ';~ Example 3 was repeated im all respects except that both the treated and untreated control samples ere scrubbed with a 5%
solution of Fiber Fresh from Service Master Company. m e samples were then covered by a multifiber test strip available from Test Fabrics, Inc. The test strip was in turn covered by a l/4"
plexiglas and placed in an over at 100 F. A 5 pound cylindrical ~ weight was placed on the plexiglas. The samples remained in the ;, over for 18 hours, after which the dye bleeding into the ' 20 multifiber test strip was graded on a 5 point AATCC grey scale.
, The treated sample showed a passing rating of 4.0, whereas the untreated control had a failing rating of 3Ø
, 18 ~, ,~.,,, .;i~;' .... '.. ';;.' . ". ', ' :
` ~ 2~16299 ;, ~ ~Nh1814 , E~AMPLB lO
,, Example 9 was repeated in all respects except that the c carpet of Example 4 was used. Identical results were obtained on , the overprinted pattern.
...
~, 5 B8AMPLB ll Example 3 was repeated in all respects except that both the ''.J' untreated control and the treated samples were subjected to i deionized water in a beaXer for 15 minutes. Next, the sample~
'.J~ were remov~d from the water and shaken until the amount o~ water remaining was 2.5 to 3 times the original dry weight o~ the -¦ carpet. The samples were covered with a multifiber test strip, covered with l/4" plexiglass and placed in a 100 F oven. A 5 pound cylindrical weight was placed on the plexiglass. ~he samples remained in the over ~or 18 hours after which the dye bleeding into the multifiber test strip was graded on a 5 point AATCC grey scale. The treated sample showed a passing 4.5 rating, whereas the untreated control had a failing 3.5 rating.
,i :
~ Example ll was repeated except that the carpet of ~xampl~ 4 ;~ 20 was used. Similar results were obtained on the overprinted pattern.
19 ., '`' ., ., ., .
Cu~ ND. 1814 There are, of course, many alternate embodiments and / modifications which are intended to be included wikhin the scope :i of the following claims.
-:~
,~
~ 20
; water-insoluble film is formed on the textile fiber.
Without being bound to a particular theory, it is hypothesized that the non-volatile, polymeric salt film formed on the textile fiber provides a primary amine functionality which is sacrificed to the bleach solution. In particular, the amino nitrogen of the non-volatile polymeric salt film reacts with the hypochlorite ion of the bleach solution.
Additional compounds used to improve the characteristics of textile fibers may be incorporated into the treatment solution so long as they do not interfere with the non-volatile polym~ric salt formation. For example, fluorocarbon polymers which provide ~ anti-soiling and water repellency, and stain blockers ~uch as .9 condensation products containin~ sulfonated phenols may be employed.
The invention may be further understood by re~erences to the following examples, but the invention is not to be construed to be unduly limited thereby. Unless otherwise indicated, all parts and percentages are by weight.
, E~ANP~ 1 ,~, 20 A 26 oz/yd2, stock dyed with premetalized and standard acid s, dyes, loop pile, nylon 6,6 carpet is pretreated by spraying onto , the pile a homogeneous aqueous solution containing 8 percent by ~-~, weight of hexamethylenediamine and 8 percent by weight of adipic acid. The wet pickup is about 25 percent based on the dry weight '''s ` 211629~
., ., C~cNo.1814 of the nylon face fiber. The carpet is then submitted to a drying temperature of 275F for a period of 7 minutes. The treated carpet shows no appreciable change in appearance. The .i treated carpet and an untreated control are then subjected to a ~, 5 0.5 percent solution of sodium hypochlorite (the recommended r.J Center for Disease Control concentration for disinfecting ,,AIj purposes for porous surfaces) for a period of 24 hours, a~ter which the carpet is washed with water and dried. Visual comparison of the treated carpet to an untreated control sample 10 clearly reveals that the treated carpet has superior re~istance to color loss.
.~
i'. E~AMPLE 2 . ' The procedure of Example 1 is repeated in all respects except the carpet is 28 oz/yd2 stock dyed nylon 6,6 cut pile.
Identical results as those of Example 1 are ohtai~ed.
~SA~PLE 3 ,.~
The procedure of Example 1 is repeated in all respects except the 26 oz/yd2 stock dyed nylon 6,6 carpet is also overprinted with a pattern using similar acid dyes as in Example 1, prior to application o~ the treatment solution. Identical ¦¦ results as th e of ~xample l are obtained.
',,' ~l 16 ,s 211fi299 ~ ~.1814 EXA~PLE ~
The procedure of Example l is repeated in all respects except the carpet is made from a solution dyed nylon 6,6 fiber and is overprinted with a pattern prior to application of the treatment solution. Identical results as those of Exa~ple l are obtained on the overprinted pattern, the solution dyed color being unaffected on both the treated and control carpet.
., ~AMP~ 5 The procedure of Example l is repeated in all respects except the carpet is treated with a homogenous solution of lO
percent by weight of caprolactam and lO percent by weight o~
urea. Identical results as those of Example l are obtained.
} EXAMPL~ 6 ,~,j The procedure of Example l is repeated in all respect~
15 except butanetetracarboxylic acid is substituted for the adipic acid. Similar results as those of Example l are obtained. -~
The procedure of Example 2 is repeated in all respects except the treated carpet is subjected to simulated wear and cleaning of 5 years before exposure to the hypochlorite solution.
Similar results as those of Example l are obtained.
.
:. :
, ,~ . . .
~!, ~j C~eNo.1814 .j, E~I.B 8 Example 2 was repeated in all respects except the treated sample was air dried. A visual comparison of the treated sample to the untreated control reveals a decrease in color 1088 in the treated sample but not as significant as in the untreated control.
~, The following examples demonstrate the improved ' colorfastness of dyed textile ~ibers which have been treated according to the present invention and subjected to commercial , 10 cleaning solutions or water.
,i 1 -i E~AMPL~ 9 ';~ Example 3 was repeated im all respects except that both the treated and untreated control samples ere scrubbed with a 5%
solution of Fiber Fresh from Service Master Company. m e samples were then covered by a multifiber test strip available from Test Fabrics, Inc. The test strip was in turn covered by a l/4"
plexiglas and placed in an over at 100 F. A 5 pound cylindrical ~ weight was placed on the plexiglas. The samples remained in the ;, over for 18 hours, after which the dye bleeding into the ' 20 multifiber test strip was graded on a 5 point AATCC grey scale.
, The treated sample showed a passing rating of 4.0, whereas the untreated control had a failing rating of 3Ø
, 18 ~, ,~.,,, .;i~;' .... '.. ';;.' . ". ', ' :
` ~ 2~16299 ;, ~ ~Nh1814 , E~AMPLB lO
,, Example 9 was repeated in all respects except that the c carpet of Example 4 was used. Identical results were obtained on , the overprinted pattern.
...
~, 5 B8AMPLB ll Example 3 was repeated in all respects except that both the ''.J' untreated control and the treated samples were subjected to i deionized water in a beaXer for 15 minutes. Next, the sample~
'.J~ were remov~d from the water and shaken until the amount o~ water remaining was 2.5 to 3 times the original dry weight o~ the -¦ carpet. The samples were covered with a multifiber test strip, covered with l/4" plexiglass and placed in a 100 F oven. A 5 pound cylindrical weight was placed on the plexiglass. ~he samples remained in the over ~or 18 hours after which the dye bleeding into the multifiber test strip was graded on a 5 point AATCC grey scale. The treated sample showed a passing 4.5 rating, whereas the untreated control had a failing 3.5 rating.
,i :
~ Example ll was repeated except that the carpet of ~xampl~ 4 ;~ 20 was used. Similar results were obtained on the overprinted pattern.
19 ., '`' ., ., ., .
Cu~ ND. 1814 There are, of course, many alternate embodiments and / modifications which are intended to be included wikhin the scope :i of the following claims.
-:~
,~
~ 20
Claims (20)
1. A method for treating a dyed textile fiber to improve its bleach resistance, comprising the steps of applying a solution of non-volatile polymeric salt forming, polyfunctional monomers to said dyed textile fiber, wherein said salt is formed by the reaction of a primary amino and a carboxylic acid, and a molecular weight of each of said monomers is less than 1,000, drying said textile fiber at a temperature up to 200°C, and forming a water insoluble, non-volatile, polymeric salt film on said textile fiber.
2. The method of Claim 1 wherein said solution comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of water and C1-C8 alcohols.
3. The method of Claim 2 wherein said solution is applied to said textile fiber to achieve 1 to 10 wt.% monomer solids based upon the weight of said textile fiber.
4. The method of Claim 1 wherein said solution is applied to said textile fiber to achieve 2 to 7 wt.% monomer solids based upon the weight of said textile fiber.
5. The method of Claim 4 wherein said solution is aqueous.
6. The method of Claim 5 wherein said textile fiber is selected from the group consisting of polyamide and polyester fiber.
7. The method of Claim 5 wherein said textile fiber is dried at a temperature of from 100° to 200°C.
8. A method for treating a dyed textile fiber to improve its bleach resistance, comprising the steps of applying a solution of non-volatile, polymeric salt forming, polyfunctional monomers to said dyed textile fiber to achieve 1 to 10 wt.% monomer solids based on the weight of said textile fiber, wherein said monomers are selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a combination polyamines and polycarboxylic acids;
(b) amino acids; and (c) lactams;
provided each of said monomers has a molecular weight of less than 750; drying said textile fiber at a temperature up to 200°C, and forming a water insoluble, non-volatile, polymeric salt film on said textile fiber.
(a) a combination polyamines and polycarboxylic acids;
(b) amino acids; and (c) lactams;
provided each of said monomers has a molecular weight of less than 750; drying said textile fiber at a temperature up to 200°C, and forming a water insoluble, non-volatile, polymeric salt film on said textile fiber.
9. The method of Claim 8 wherein said solution comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of water and C1-C8 alcohols.
10. The method of Claim 9 wherein said monomer units are selected from the group consisting of amino acids and lactams.
11. The method of Claim 8 wherein said monomers are selected from the group consisting of:
(i) combinations of diamines selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, hexarnethylenediamine, 1,8-octanediamine decamethylene diamine,piperazine and oligomers which are the condensation product of two moles of hexamethylene diamine and one mole of a diacid with dicarboxylic acids selected from the group consisting of carbonic acid, oxalic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid; and (ii) amino acid selected from the group consisting of 6-aminohexanoic acid, aminoundecanoic acid, aminododecanoic acid, glycine, cystine, asparagine, glutamine, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, and 2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; and (iii) lactams of said amino acids.
(i) combinations of diamines selected from the group consisting of ethylenediamine, hexarnethylenediamine, 1,8-octanediamine decamethylene diamine,piperazine and oligomers which are the condensation product of two moles of hexamethylene diamine and one mole of a diacid with dicarboxylic acids selected from the group consisting of carbonic acid, oxalic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid; and (ii) amino acid selected from the group consisting of 6-aminohexanoic acid, aminoundecanoic acid, aminododecanoic acid, glycine, cystine, asparagine, glutamine, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, and 2-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid; and (iii) lactams of said amino acids.
12. The method of Claim 11 wherein said solution is applied to said textile fiber to achieve 2 to 7 wt.% monomer solids based upon the weight of said textile fiber.
13. The method of Claim 12 wherein said solution is aqueous.
14. The method of Claim 13 wherein said textile fiber is selected from the group consisting of polyamide and polyester fiber.
15. The method of Claim 14 wherein said textile fiber is dried at a temperature of from 120° to 160°C.
16. The method of Claim 14 wherein said monomers are selected from the group consisting of (i) a combination of hexamethylenediarnine and adipic acid, and (ii) .epsilon.-caprolactam and 6-aminohexanoicacid.
17. The method of Claim 14 wherein said solution further comprises salicyclic acid, said solution is applied to said textile fiber to achieve from 0.1 to 7 wt.% of salicyclic acid based on the weight of said textile fiber.
18. A bleach resistant, textile product of the process comprising the steps of applying an aqueous solution of non-volatile, polymeric salt forming, polyfunctional monomers to a dyed textile fiber to achieve 1 to 10 wt.% monomer solids based upon the weight of said textile fiber, wherein said salt is formed by the reaction of a primary amine and a carboxylic acid, and a molecular weight of each of said monomers is less than 1,000, drying said textile fiber at a temperature up to 200°C, and forming a water insoluble, non-volatile, polymeric salt film on said textile fiber.
19. The textile product of Claim 18 wherein each of said monomers has a molecular weight of less than 750 and are selected from the group consisting of: (a) a combination a diamines and diacids;
(b) amino acids; and (c) lactams.
(b) amino acids; and (c) lactams.
20. The textile product of Claim 19 wherein said textile fiber is dried at a temperature of from 120° to 160°C and said solution is applied to said textile fiber to achieve 2 to 7 wt.% monomer solids based upon the weight of said textile fiber.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2191293A | 1993-02-24 | 1993-02-24 | |
| US08/021,912 | 1993-02-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2116299A1 true CA2116299A1 (en) | 1994-08-25 |
Family
ID=21806801
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002116299A Abandoned CA2116299A1 (en) | 1993-02-24 | 1994-02-23 | Method for improving the bleach resistance of dyed textile fiber and product made thereby |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0612880B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3828162B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100260239B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE171739T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU672080B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2116299A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69413577T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0612880T3 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9401412A (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ250969A (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001131883A (en) * | 1999-10-29 | 2001-05-15 | Milliken Japan Kk | Colored pile fabric having durability to bleaching agent and floor mat article provided with the pile fabric |
| FR2853903B1 (en) † | 2003-04-16 | 2005-05-27 | Saint Gobain Isover | MINERAL FIBER SIZING COMPOSITION COMPRISING A CARBOXYLIC POLYACIDE AND A POLYAMINE, PROCESS FOR PREPARATION, AND RESULTING PRODUCTS |
| DE102004024511A1 (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2005-12-15 | Henkel Kgaa | Use of polysulfide for the improvement of the color stability and/or color intensification of the colored fibers e.g. keratinic fibers (human hairs) and animal hairs e.g. wool, horse hair, angora hair and fur |
| DE102004024506A1 (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2005-12-15 | Henkel Kgaa | Process for the restructuring of keratinic fibers |
| DE102004024509B4 (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2006-06-08 | Henkel Kgaa | Procedures and preparations for the restructuring of hair |
| US20080271259A1 (en) * | 2007-05-04 | 2008-11-06 | Daike Wang | Solid cleaning composition for imparting bleach resistance to textiles cleaned therewith |
| CN106498721B (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-02-05 | 武汉纺织大学 | A method of improving slurry and is impregnated with efficiency |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR865151A (en) * | 1939-06-05 | 1941-05-15 | Du Pont | Impregnation process for threads or fabrics |
| US3537808A (en) * | 1961-02-17 | 1970-11-03 | Rohm & Haas | Method of depositing polymers on fibrous products |
| DE3330120A1 (en) * | 1982-08-30 | 1984-03-01 | Sandoz-Patent-GmbH, 7850 Lörrach | Aftertreatment process for dyed textile material |
| DE3329029A1 (en) * | 1983-08-11 | 1985-02-28 | Cassella Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | METHOD FOR PRODUCING COLORINGS WITH REACTIVE DYES |
| JPS61132691A (en) * | 1984-11-26 | 1986-06-20 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | Chlorine fastness enhancer |
| DE3537458A1 (en) * | 1985-10-22 | 1987-04-23 | Basf Ag | METHOD FOR TREATING REACTIVE COLORING ON CELLULOSE FIBERS |
| JP2778036B2 (en) * | 1988-04-25 | 1998-07-23 | 日東紡績株式会社 | Chlorine fastness improver |
| DE3940481A1 (en) * | 1989-12-07 | 1991-06-13 | Bayer Ag | BASIC POLYCONDENSATION PRODUCTS AND THE USE THEREOF AS A TAPING AIDS |
-
1994
- 1994-02-23 CA CA002116299A patent/CA2116299A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-02-24 AT AT94301334T patent/ATE171739T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-24 AU AU56348/94A patent/AU672080B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-02-24 EP EP94301334A patent/EP0612880B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-24 KR KR1019940003602A patent/KR100260239B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-24 JP JP02701894A patent/JP3828162B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-02-24 MX MX9401412A patent/MX9401412A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-24 DE DE69413577T patent/DE69413577T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-02-24 NZ NZ250969A patent/NZ250969A/en unknown
- 1994-02-24 DK DK94301334T patent/DK0612880T3/en active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06280168A (en) | 1994-10-04 |
| DE69413577D1 (en) | 1998-11-05 |
| MX9401412A (en) | 1994-08-31 |
| EP0612880B1 (en) | 1998-09-30 |
| DE69413577T2 (en) | 1999-06-02 |
| AU672080B2 (en) | 1996-09-19 |
| KR100260239B1 (en) | 2000-07-01 |
| NZ250969A (en) | 1995-04-27 |
| ATE171739T1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
| EP0612880A1 (en) | 1994-08-31 |
| AU5634894A (en) | 1994-09-01 |
| DK0612880T3 (en) | 1999-06-21 |
| KR940019917A (en) | 1994-09-15 |
| JP3828162B2 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |