CA2114543A1 - Process and arrangement for recognizing defects in power converters - Google Patents
Process and arrangement for recognizing defects in power convertersInfo
- Publication number
- CA2114543A1 CA2114543A1 CA002114543A CA2114543A CA2114543A1 CA 2114543 A1 CA2114543 A1 CA 2114543A1 CA 002114543 A CA002114543 A CA 002114543A CA 2114543 A CA2114543 A CA 2114543A CA 2114543 A1 CA2114543 A1 CA 2114543A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- fault
- converter arrangement
- frequency spectrum
- protective device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
- H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/75—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
- H02M7/757—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
- H02M7/7575—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only for high voltage direct transmission link
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H1/00—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements
- H02H1/0007—Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements concerning the detecting means
- H02H1/0015—Using arc detectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
- H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
- H02H7/1216—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for AC-AC converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]
Abstract
Abstract In order to detect discharge faults early in converter arrangements (2, 2a), in particular high-voltage direct current transmission systems, which could result in a fire, it is proposed that a signal (S) obtained from the converter arrangement (2, 2a) be subjected to a frequency analysis. A fault signal is generated when a change in the frequency spectrum of the signal (S) caused by a fault is detected. Non-characteristic harmonic signal components or inter-harmonic signal components in the frequency spectrum (FS) of the signal (S) are preferably examined here. The frequency analysis may also be performed with the aid of fuzzy logic.
Description
9~9 ~N T~ A`P~ $`13~ 3 .~ ~T~TRANSLA-rlO3~1 , :~;' Method and arrangement for detecting fault~ in pow~r converter in~tallations .~ The invention relates to a method and an arrange-~i. 5 ment for detecting fault~, in particular di~charge :;;
.. j faults, in a converter arrangement.
.j, In power converter in~ allation~, in particular ;~ high-voltage direct current transmi~ion ~ystem~, partial .~ or glow discharge~, ~lowing and sparking~ right up to '~ 10 rapidly extingui~hing arc flashover~, can oecur a~ a result of in~ulation, linP or contact faults. ~h~ fault ~ite~ heat up ther~by, which can re~ult in the in3talla-ion catching fire~
The mekhod~ hitherto known for preventing fire~
.~ 15 in in tallation~ of thi~ typ~ ar~ ba-~ed on mLnimizing the damage by dete~ting a fire or heat ~ource and ~ubs~quently shutting down the in~tallation. Smoke gas and heat sen~ox~ ar~ u~e a~ detectors, but their re3pon~e behavior and sen~itivity are not ~ufficient to 20 pexmit clear and preci~e fault detection7 It has there fore alr~ady b~en propo~ed that light-e~ltting fault~ be detected by means of opto~lectronic light ~n~or~, which .~ mu~t be di~tributed in large rlumbers throuyhout the ; installationr or by mean~ oiE highly 3l3ni~itiv~ video 25 8y~tem8. With arlother method, the confii~terlcy o~ the air . ri3ing abc)ve thQ installation i~ monitcsred with the aid of la~3er ~y~tems ila order to det~c:t fir~ or h~at source~O
:~ Owing to the pr~ent-day compac:t design of power .~ . converter in~tallation~ a~nd 1:heir arrarlgem~nt in a ~ 30 building, however, the~e known ~y~tem3 constitute a :i , dir~ct intenrention in th~ insulation coordination and j ! :
;j~, can considerably ln~lu~3nce poten~ial pro:Eiles of the . ~ in~tallat ion in a n~gative ma~mer D
The object of the invention i~ to provid~ ault 35 detection in convert~r axran~m~nt~ which i~3 suitable for '3 th~ early detection of faultY that ~:ould le!ad to a fire.
Thi~ object i~ achieved accordinq l~o the i~aven-tion hy the f~3~ture~ of claim 1. Simple, reliable deltec-tion of fire= causing fault~ 18 po~ible in thi~ way.
~!
.1
.. j faults, in a converter arrangement.
.j, In power converter in~ allation~, in particular ;~ high-voltage direct current transmi~ion ~ystem~, partial .~ or glow discharge~, ~lowing and sparking~ right up to '~ 10 rapidly extingui~hing arc flashover~, can oecur a~ a result of in~ulation, linP or contact faults. ~h~ fault ~ite~ heat up ther~by, which can re~ult in the in3talla-ion catching fire~
The mekhod~ hitherto known for preventing fire~
.~ 15 in in tallation~ of thi~ typ~ ar~ ba-~ed on mLnimizing the damage by dete~ting a fire or heat ~ource and ~ubs~quently shutting down the in~tallation. Smoke gas and heat sen~ox~ ar~ u~e a~ detectors, but their re3pon~e behavior and sen~itivity are not ~ufficient to 20 pexmit clear and preci~e fault detection7 It has there fore alr~ady b~en propo~ed that light-e~ltting fault~ be detected by means of opto~lectronic light ~n~or~, which .~ mu~t be di~tributed in large rlumbers throuyhout the ; installationr or by mean~ oiE highly 3l3ni~itiv~ video 25 8y~tem8. With arlother method, the confii~terlcy o~ the air . ri3ing abc)ve thQ installation i~ monitcsred with the aid of la~3er ~y~tems ila order to det~c:t fir~ or h~at source~O
:~ Owing to the pr~ent-day compac:t design of power .~ . converter in~tallation~ a~nd 1:heir arrarlgem~nt in a ~ 30 building, however, the~e known ~y~tem3 constitute a :i , dir~ct intenrention in th~ insulation coordination and j ! :
;j~, can considerably ln~lu~3nce poten~ial pro:Eiles of the . ~ in~tallat ion in a n~gative ma~mer D
The object of the invention i~ to provid~ ault 35 detection in convert~r axran~m~nt~ which i~3 suitable for '3 th~ early detection of faultY that ~:ould le!ad to a fire.
Thi~ object i~ achieved accordinq l~o the i~aven-tion hy the f~3~ture~ of claim 1. Simple, reliable deltec-tion of fire= causing fault~ 18 po~ible in thi~ way.
~!
.1
- 2 -Already existing elec~rical measuring point~ and trans-ducers can be used with this method. Since there is no optical fault detection, erroneou3 triggering a3 a re~ult ~, of ou~side light and contamination is precluded. With ^! 5 this method it i~ possible to det~ct even ~mall partial di~charges in the converter arrangement before there i9 any ri~k of fire at all.
During frequency analy3i9 ~ an increa8e of non I characteristic harmonic ~ignal components in the fre-quency spec~rum and~or an increase in interhanmonic signal componentR in the frequency spectrum are advan-tageously observed. In this way improved fault detection .is possible. The inventor ha namely rPcognized that in particular ~aid signal components are increase~ in the case of fault~ in co~verter arrangement~ and are there-, fore particularly well-suited for fault analy9i~.
The ~onverter arr~ngement may compri~e two converter3 here, th~ signal being picked up betwee~ the : converters. In this ca~e, the pick o~f for the signal can , ~0 be preferably arranged on a direct current link of th~
converter arrangement. The converter arrangement preferably designed here as a high voltage direct current transmi3sion system. In accordance with claims 4, 5 and 6 to 8, a ~pecific fault analysis and evaluatio~ can be 2 5 advantageou~ly perf ormed, thereby providing an improv~-ment in operation with re3pect to early fault det~ction.
In addition, a weighting of co~bination~ of frequency componen~ advantageou~ly po~3ible.
~he object i9 further achiev~d according to the ,1 30 features of claim~ 12 to 20 which relate to a protective ~ ! Ideyice ~rving for the execu~ion o~ the abovementioned q method. In co~trast to optical prot2ctive devic2s, no al~eration i~ required to the de~ign and con~truction of th~ converter arrangement when this prstective device i~
used ~ince the protectiv~ device i~ ~Lmply connected ~o the converter arrangement via electrical conn~ction~. The ;, prokective device preferably ha~ an evalllation devi~e with fuæzy logic.
~xemplary embodiment~ and ~dvantaye~ of the t invention are explained in greater detail below with reference to the drawing by way of example, in which:
FIG 1 ~how~ a circuit arrangement for detecting faults ~:, in a converter arrangement, 5 FI& 2 show~ a further circuit arrangement with detailed illustration of a prote~tive device, and ~' FIG 3 show~ an evaluation logic diagram.
.. . ,i :'l The circuit arrangement in FIG l 3hows a protec-tive device l which i~ connected to a converter arrange-10 ment 2. The converter arxangement 2 illu~trated by way of example conneets two network~ 3a, 3b to one another. The converter arr~ngement 2 has, for example, two converter~
4a, 4b, which each contain an associated control device 6a, 6b. The two converter~ 4a, 4b are connected to one 15 another via an intermediate circui 8. A signal S of the converter arrangement 2, pxeferably the ignal of the -i~ int rmediate circuit 8, is picked up via a signal trans-mitter 10 and ~ed to the protective device 1.
The protective devicP 1 contain~ a frequency I 20 analyzer 12, ~o which the ~ignal S i~ fed. The frequ~ncy a~alyzer 12 i~ coupled to an evaluatio~ device 14 which ~ permit~ evaluation of the ~requency 3pectrum me~sured by ,. the frequency analyzer 12.
~he signal S has a characteristic frequency , 25 spectrum during ~tationary operation of the converter ,.!,' arrangement 2. However, if ault~ occur during operation, , or example a8 a re~ult of glowing or sparking, then the~e fault~ are expre3sed as a change in the frequency spectrum of the ~ignal S. The prot~ctive device 1 recog '.!!; 30 nizes the~ie change~ a~ being caui~ed by a fault and , laon~squently generat~ a fault ~ig~al F5 which iQ output at an output 16. Freque~cia~ i~ th~ k~z range are prefer-ably analyzed here and u~ed a~ aul~ ~riteria. ~lterna~
.~ tively, or in addition, the fault ~ignal may al~o be fed :3 35 to an indicating device 18, which then ~ignal~ithe ault.
;~
: The fault ~ig~al FS can ~hen b2 fed ~o fur~her elec~rical '~ d~vice~ in order to initiate elimination of the fault
During frequency analy3i9 ~ an increa8e of non I characteristic harmonic ~ignal components in the fre-quency spec~rum and~or an increase in interhanmonic signal componentR in the frequency spectrum are advan-tageously observed. In this way improved fault detection .is possible. The inventor ha namely rPcognized that in particular ~aid signal components are increase~ in the case of fault~ in co~verter arrangement~ and are there-, fore particularly well-suited for fault analy9i~.
The ~onverter arr~ngement may compri~e two converter3 here, th~ signal being picked up betwee~ the : converters. In this ca~e, the pick o~f for the signal can , ~0 be preferably arranged on a direct current link of th~
converter arrangement. The converter arrangement preferably designed here as a high voltage direct current transmi3sion system. In accordance with claims 4, 5 and 6 to 8, a ~pecific fault analysis and evaluatio~ can be 2 5 advantageou~ly perf ormed, thereby providing an improv~-ment in operation with re3pect to early fault det~ction.
In addition, a weighting of co~bination~ of frequency componen~ advantageou~ly po~3ible.
~he object i9 further achiev~d according to the ,1 30 features of claim~ 12 to 20 which relate to a protective ~ ! Ideyice ~rving for the execu~ion o~ the abovementioned q method. In co~trast to optical prot2ctive devic2s, no al~eration i~ required to the de~ign and con~truction of th~ converter arrangement when this prstective device i~
used ~ince the protectiv~ device i~ ~Lmply connected ~o the converter arrangement via electrical conn~ction~. The ;, prokective device preferably ha~ an evalllation devi~e with fuæzy logic.
~xemplary embodiment~ and ~dvantaye~ of the t invention are explained in greater detail below with reference to the drawing by way of example, in which:
FIG 1 ~how~ a circuit arrangement for detecting faults ~:, in a converter arrangement, 5 FI& 2 show~ a further circuit arrangement with detailed illustration of a prote~tive device, and ~' FIG 3 show~ an evaluation logic diagram.
.. . ,i :'l The circuit arrangement in FIG l 3hows a protec-tive device l which i~ connected to a converter arrange-10 ment 2. The converter arxangement 2 illu~trated by way of example conneets two network~ 3a, 3b to one another. The converter arr~ngement 2 has, for example, two converter~
4a, 4b, which each contain an associated control device 6a, 6b. The two converter~ 4a, 4b are connected to one 15 another via an intermediate circui 8. A signal S of the converter arrangement 2, pxeferably the ignal of the -i~ int rmediate circuit 8, is picked up via a signal trans-mitter 10 and ~ed to the protective device 1.
The protective devicP 1 contain~ a frequency I 20 analyzer 12, ~o which the ~ignal S i~ fed. The frequ~ncy a~alyzer 12 i~ coupled to an evaluatio~ device 14 which ~ permit~ evaluation of the ~requency 3pectrum me~sured by ,. the frequency analyzer 12.
~he signal S has a characteristic frequency , 25 spectrum during ~tationary operation of the converter ,.!,' arrangement 2. However, if ault~ occur during operation, , or example a8 a re~ult of glowing or sparking, then the~e fault~ are expre3sed as a change in the frequency spectrum of the ~ignal S. The prot~ctive device 1 recog '.!!; 30 nizes the~ie change~ a~ being caui~ed by a fault and , laon~squently generat~ a fault ~ig~al F5 which iQ output at an output 16. Freque~cia~ i~ th~ k~z range are prefer-ably analyzed here and u~ed a~ aul~ ~riteria. ~lterna~
.~ tively, or in addition, the fault ~ignal may al~o be fed :3 35 to an indicating device 18, which then ~ignal~ithe ault.
;~
: The fault ~ig~al FS can ~hen b2 fed ~o fur~her elec~rical '~ d~vice~ in order to initiate elimination of the fault
3 that h~ oc~urr~d, for example initiat~ r~s~ricted operation. In FI~ 1, for example, the output~ 16 are , ;l . - 4 -connected to the control device~ 6a, 6b of the converter~
4a and 4b. In thiR way, for ex~mple, a ~hutdown of the converter arrangement 2 or else a voltage-lLmiting measure, which in turn re~ults in faul~ ~uppre~sion, can be initiated.
~, Mea~urement ~ignal~ from line-commutated con-verter arrangement~ employing valve technology (for ~ example thyri~tor~ u~ually have a frequency ~pectrum j3 which preferably exhibits multiple~ of its pul~e number I. On the alternating voltage ~ide, in this ca~e charac-, teristic frequencies of (~Ixn) ~ 1) multiple~ occur (for example in a 12-pul~e circuit. 11, 13., ~3., 25.~ 35., . ... etc.), wherea~ on the direct voltage side (Ixn) multiple~ occur t12, 24, 36, etc.~.
In additionl non-characteri3tic frequencies ox ~o-called interharmonics occur in the freguency spectrum, these being produced as a re~ult of asym~letrles withi~
the converter arrangement and being negligibly small during normal operation.
If the~e uncharacteristic operating ~requencies in the frequency spectrum occur during operation, then thi~ is an indication that there i~ a fault in the converter arrangement. In particular in the case of di~harg2 fault~ of any kind, a broadband frequency spectrum namely occurs, whi~h i8 detected and evaluated with the pre~ent method and the prot~ctive device 1 operating in accordance there~ith. In this way it i~
po~sible to detect even very 3mall discharge~ and take mea~ure~ to pxevent fire.
FIG 2 ~irst of all ~how~ a co~verter arrangement i , 1 2a whi h i~ desi~ned a~ a hi~h-voltage direct current tran3mis~ion ~ystem ~back to-back link or long-di~tance transmission). I~ connects two network~ 3c; 3d designed as three~pha~e ~ystem~, in which, for example, in the ca~ of pow~r being tran~ported ~rom network 3c to network 3d the conv~rter 4c i3 design~d as a rectifi~r . and the converter 4d i~ de3igned a3 an inv~rter. The intermediate circuit 8a carriea a direct current signalO
At lea~t one ~moothing reactor 20 i8 additionally ,~
~, ~ s . inserted in the intermediate circuit 8a. The ~ignal S of `~:"f the intermediate circuit 8a i~ fed a5 mea3urement 3ignal .; Sl, S2 to ~he protective device la via 3ignal transmltter lOa, lOb.
i 5A fa~t Fourier transformation element (FFT), which perform~ the actual analy~is of the frequency ~ spectrum of the ~ignal S, i~ an e~sential function .~f element of the protective devic~ la. A design which provides for a possible measurement value conditioning for the FFT element 22 i~ shown here by way of example.
Accordingly, the measurement ~ignals Sl~ S2 are first fed to ~ multiplexer 24. This i~ favorable i~ only one ,.~f analog-digi~al conver~er i~ to he provided for the ¦ processing of a plurality of measurement values. The ~ignal output by the multiplexer 24 i8 then fed to a high-pa~s filter 26 for ~uppres3ion of a direct component ,~ and i~ sub~equently amplified by an amplifier 280 An ~'~ anti-aliasing filter 30 matched to a sampling frequency of the analog-digital ~onverter can b~ provided f or 2 0bandwidth limitation .
, Thi~ is followed by the analsg-digital converter 32 which i~ u~ed for digitlzing the ~ignal S. It may al50 contain a ~o~ Plled ~ample and hold element. The digitized measurement data are stored in a high~peed 25memory 34 which i~s marlaged by a proce~or 36 a~signed to the FFT element 22.
Depending orl the sampling increment, window width and arrangement selected, the FF~ analysis in the FFT
el~ent 22 ~uppli~ a frequency ~p~ctrum which can then . 30 be evaluated frequency~electively by the evaluation I ~evice 14. In this case the non-characteri~tic and ,`~ interharmo~ic current component~ cf th2 ~ignal S can be used as a fault criterion either 3eparately or as a i weighted 3um. A monitor 38, a plotter 40 or a data memory 42 can be provided for signaling or for ~utputo Further-more, the fault si~nal FS may al~o be forwarded directly , to a higher-ranking protection ~y~te~ for further fault handling or else to the control device~ 6c, 6d of the converter3 4c, 4do ,~.~
A program controller 44 may be provided for ~ higher-ranking open-loop or closed-loop control, thi~
:j b~ing synchronized with a higher-ranking installation ~ controller and coordinati.ng the entire mea~urement value ``3 5 recording and evaluation. Additional input~ or evalu-ation~ can be performed by means of an operator panel 46.
~`~ The program controller 44 can also be used to generate . assigned fault signal~ dep~nding on the respectiv~
selected changes in the frequency ~pectrum, so that ., 10 depending on the type of fault which i8 reflected in different chanqe~ in the fre~uency ~pectrum, different reactions of the converter arrangement ar~ poY~ible.
The method i8 not dependent on the type of ~ converter arrangement (for ~xample, monopole, bipole, :.~, 15 multi-tenminal, hack to-back link, long-distance tran~-:~. mission), Yince it only evaluates a common ~ignal. The follswing advantages emerqe in practice:
- the existing mea~uring point~ and transducers can be ~ used for spen~loop a~d closed-loop control of the .~ 20 converter arrangement;
~ no alteration i5 made to the design and con~truction of ,~
`~ valve towers or operating rooms; and erroneou~ triygering as a re~ult of out~ide light, contamination or the like i8 precluded~ in contra~t to optical devices for example.
, The frequency analysis may also be performed with . the aid of fuzzy logi~. For thi~, for example, the evaluation d~vice 14 may contai~ fuæzy logic which i8 ; uqed to welght the ~ignal cvmponent~ in the frequency ~pectrum~ In thi way it i~ possible to recogni2e ~ I ~ critical frequency 3pectra a~ being causad by a fault.
.~ ~his applies in particular to ~ignal combination~ where the re~pective individually oc~urring frequencie~ do no~
them~elves indicat~ a fault, but a fault ca~ be detected from the weighted ~um. A diagram o~ thi~ i~ shown in ,t FIG 3, which how~ a w~ighting of ~ignal component5 by way of example. The frequency f and ths weighting G are plotted on tha diagram axe~. ~he curve ~ ~hows th~ cas~
during normal operation. a and c repre~en~ a ma30r a~d a , .
1 .
. ~ -- 7 "
:~ minor fault respectively, for exiample. The weighting mu3t be matched to the specific applicatiorl.
,,.
;
'~
,~
,i~
:~, ,,~ .
~, .~
j,.
,~;
' :
, .
' `
, :
, ,, ' '.~
4a and 4b. In thiR way, for ex~mple, a ~hutdown of the converter arrangement 2 or else a voltage-lLmiting measure, which in turn re~ults in faul~ ~uppre~sion, can be initiated.
~, Mea~urement ~ignal~ from line-commutated con-verter arrangement~ employing valve technology (for ~ example thyri~tor~ u~ually have a frequency ~pectrum j3 which preferably exhibits multiple~ of its pul~e number I. On the alternating voltage ~ide, in this ca~e charac-, teristic frequencies of (~Ixn) ~ 1) multiple~ occur (for example in a 12-pul~e circuit. 11, 13., ~3., 25.~ 35., . ... etc.), wherea~ on the direct voltage side (Ixn) multiple~ occur t12, 24, 36, etc.~.
In additionl non-characteri3tic frequencies ox ~o-called interharmonics occur in the freguency spectrum, these being produced as a re~ult of asym~letrles withi~
the converter arrangement and being negligibly small during normal operation.
If the~e uncharacteristic operating ~requencies in the frequency spectrum occur during operation, then thi~ is an indication that there i~ a fault in the converter arrangement. In particular in the case of di~harg2 fault~ of any kind, a broadband frequency spectrum namely occurs, whi~h i8 detected and evaluated with the pre~ent method and the prot~ctive device 1 operating in accordance there~ith. In this way it i~
po~sible to detect even very 3mall discharge~ and take mea~ure~ to pxevent fire.
FIG 2 ~irst of all ~how~ a co~verter arrangement i , 1 2a whi h i~ desi~ned a~ a hi~h-voltage direct current tran3mis~ion ~ystem ~back to-back link or long-di~tance transmission). I~ connects two network~ 3c; 3d designed as three~pha~e ~ystem~, in which, for example, in the ca~ of pow~r being tran~ported ~rom network 3c to network 3d the conv~rter 4c i3 design~d as a rectifi~r . and the converter 4d i~ de3igned a3 an inv~rter. The intermediate circuit 8a carriea a direct current signalO
At lea~t one ~moothing reactor 20 i8 additionally ,~
~, ~ s . inserted in the intermediate circuit 8a. The ~ignal S of `~:"f the intermediate circuit 8a i~ fed a5 mea3urement 3ignal .; Sl, S2 to ~he protective device la via 3ignal transmltter lOa, lOb.
i 5A fa~t Fourier transformation element (FFT), which perform~ the actual analy~is of the frequency ~ spectrum of the ~ignal S, i~ an e~sential function .~f element of the protective devic~ la. A design which provides for a possible measurement value conditioning for the FFT element 22 i~ shown here by way of example.
Accordingly, the measurement ~ignals Sl~ S2 are first fed to ~ multiplexer 24. This i~ favorable i~ only one ,.~f analog-digi~al conver~er i~ to he provided for the ¦ processing of a plurality of measurement values. The ~ignal output by the multiplexer 24 i8 then fed to a high-pa~s filter 26 for ~uppres3ion of a direct component ,~ and i~ sub~equently amplified by an amplifier 280 An ~'~ anti-aliasing filter 30 matched to a sampling frequency of the analog-digital ~onverter can b~ provided f or 2 0bandwidth limitation .
, Thi~ is followed by the analsg-digital converter 32 which i~ u~ed for digitlzing the ~ignal S. It may al50 contain a ~o~ Plled ~ample and hold element. The digitized measurement data are stored in a high~peed 25memory 34 which i~s marlaged by a proce~or 36 a~signed to the FFT element 22.
Depending orl the sampling increment, window width and arrangement selected, the FF~ analysis in the FFT
el~ent 22 ~uppli~ a frequency ~p~ctrum which can then . 30 be evaluated frequency~electively by the evaluation I ~evice 14. In this case the non-characteri~tic and ,`~ interharmo~ic current component~ cf th2 ~ignal S can be used as a fault criterion either 3eparately or as a i weighted 3um. A monitor 38, a plotter 40 or a data memory 42 can be provided for signaling or for ~utputo Further-more, the fault si~nal FS may al~o be forwarded directly , to a higher-ranking protection ~y~te~ for further fault handling or else to the control device~ 6c, 6d of the converter3 4c, 4do ,~.~
A program controller 44 may be provided for ~ higher-ranking open-loop or closed-loop control, thi~
:j b~ing synchronized with a higher-ranking installation ~ controller and coordinati.ng the entire mea~urement value ``3 5 recording and evaluation. Additional input~ or evalu-ation~ can be performed by means of an operator panel 46.
~`~ The program controller 44 can also be used to generate . assigned fault signal~ dep~nding on the respectiv~
selected changes in the frequency ~pectrum, so that ., 10 depending on the type of fault which i8 reflected in different chanqe~ in the fre~uency ~pectrum, different reactions of the converter arrangement ar~ poY~ible.
The method i8 not dependent on the type of ~ converter arrangement (for ~xample, monopole, bipole, :.~, 15 multi-tenminal, hack to-back link, long-distance tran~-:~. mission), Yince it only evaluates a common ~ignal. The follswing advantages emerqe in practice:
- the existing mea~uring point~ and transducers can be ~ used for spen~loop a~d closed-loop control of the .~ 20 converter arrangement;
~ no alteration i5 made to the design and con~truction of ,~
`~ valve towers or operating rooms; and erroneou~ triygering as a re~ult of out~ide light, contamination or the like i8 precluded~ in contra~t to optical devices for example.
, The frequency analysis may also be performed with . the aid of fuzzy logi~. For thi~, for example, the evaluation d~vice 14 may contai~ fuæzy logic which i8 ; uqed to welght the ~ignal cvmponent~ in the frequency ~pectrum~ In thi way it i~ possible to recogni2e ~ I ~ critical frequency 3pectra a~ being causad by a fault.
.~ ~his applies in particular to ~ignal combination~ where the re~pective individually oc~urring frequencie~ do no~
them~elves indicat~ a fault, but a fault ca~ be detected from the weighted ~um. A diagram o~ thi~ i~ shown in ,t FIG 3, which how~ a w~ighting of ~ignal component5 by way of example. The frequency f and ths weighting G are plotted on tha diagram axe~. ~he curve ~ ~hows th~ cas~
during normal operation. a and c repre~en~ a ma30r a~d a , .
1 .
. ~ -- 7 "
:~ minor fault respectively, for exiample. The weighting mu3t be matched to the specific applicatiorl.
,,.
;
'~
,~
,i~
:~, ,,~ .
~, .~
j,.
,~;
' :
, .
' `
, :
, ,, ' '.~
Claims (20)
1. A method for detecting faults, in particular discharge faults, in a converter arrangement (2, 2a), wherein at least one signal (S) obtained from the con-verter arrangement (2, 2a) is subjected to a frequency analysis and a fault signal (FS) is generated upon detection of a change in the frequency spectrum of the signal (S) caused by a fault.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein an increase of non-characteristic harmonic signal components in the frequency spectrum of the signal (S) is valid as a change caused by a fault.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein an increase of interharmonic signal components in the frequency spectrum of the signal (S) is valid as a change caused by a fault.
4. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a change caused by a fault is detected with the aid of fuzzy logic.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the signal components for the formation of the fault signal (FS) are weighted is the fuzzy logic.
6. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the converter arrangement contains two converters (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d), the signal (S) being obtained between the two converters (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d).
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the two converters (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d) are connected to one another via a direct current link (8, 8a), at which the signal (S) is picked up.
8. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, wherein assigned fault signals (FS) are generated depend-ing of respective selected changes in the frequency spectrum.
9. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the fault signal(s) (FS) is(are) fed to an indicating device (18, 38, 48).
10. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the fault signal(s) is(are) fed to a control device (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) of the converter arrangement (2, 2a), at least one operating parameter of the converter arrangement (2, 2a) being changed thereby.
11. The method as claimed in one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the converter arrangement (2, 2a) is designed as a high-voltage direct current transmission system.
12. A protective device for detecting faults in a converter arrangement (2, 2a), containing a frequency analyzer (12) with an evaluation device (14), to which a signal (S) of the converter arrangement (2, 2a) can be fed, wherein the evaluation device (14) generates a fault signal (FS) when a change caused by a fault is detected in the frequency spectrum of the signal (S) by mean of the frequency analyzer (12).
13. A protective device as claimed in claim 12, wherein an increase of non-characteristic harmonic signal components in the frequency spectrum of the signal (S) is valid as a change caused by a fault.
14. A protective device as claimed in claim 12 or 13, wherein an increase of interharmonic signal compo-nents in the frequency spectrum of the signal (S) is valid as a change caused by a fault.
15. A protective device as claimed in one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the signal (S) is a direct current signal of a direct current link of the converter arrange-ment (2, 2a).
16. A protective device as claimed in one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the evaluation device (14) contains selection logic which generates assignable fault signals (FS) in the case of respective selected changes in the frequency spectrum of the signal (S).
17. A protective device as claimed is one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the evaluation device (14) contains fuzzy logic.
18. A protective device as claimed in one of claims 10 to 17, wherein the fault signal(s) (FS) can be fed to an indicating device (18, 38, 483).
19. A protective device a claimed in one of claims 10 to 18, wherein the fault signal(s) (FS) can be fed to a control device (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) of the converter arrangement (2, 2a), at least one operating parameter of the converter arrangement (2, 2a) being changed as a result.
20. A protective device as claimed in one of claims 10 to 19, wherein the converter arrangement (2, 2a) is designed as a high-voltage direct current transmission system.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/DE1991/000621 WO1993003530A1 (en) | 1991-08-01 | 1991-08-01 | Process and arrangement for recognizing defects in power converters |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2114543A1 true CA2114543A1 (en) | 1993-02-18 |
Family
ID=6863506
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002114543A Abandoned CA2114543A1 (en) | 1991-08-01 | 1991-08-01 | Process and arrangement for recognizing defects in power converters |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0596879B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06508974A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2114543A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59105130D1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993003530A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008020929A1 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2009-11-05 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Defective circuit-breaker diagnosing device for converter of e.g. hybrid vehicle, has voltage evaluation unit comparing voltage potentials lying at respective inputs, where one of inputs is connected with output of voltage source |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU678366B2 (en) * | 1992-07-10 | 1997-05-29 | RMIT Innovation Ltd | High impedance fault detector |
| NZ253977A (en) * | 1992-07-10 | 1997-02-24 | Technisearch Ltd | High impedance fault detector; monitoring electrical signals to isolate frequency components whose magnitudes are scaled |
| DE4317424C2 (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 2002-06-13 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Method for determining a periodic structure in a line spectrum and use of such a method for the detection and / or classification of a helicopter |
| DE4430246C2 (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1997-08-28 | Siemens Ag | Method and arrangement for monitoring power supply networks |
| WO1997028588A1 (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 1997-08-07 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Metal-encased switchgear with partial discharge detection |
| AU1254400A (en) * | 1998-11-23 | 2000-06-13 | Harry E. Orton | Method for diagnosing insulation degradation in underground cable |
| DE10155795C1 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2003-07-31 | Siemens Ag | Current arcing location method for automobile current network uses reduction of supply voltage for each partial network in turn for location of arcing by process of elimination |
| FR2914122B1 (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2009-08-28 | Airbus France Sas | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PROTECTING AN ELECTRONIC SYSTEM AGAINST ELECTRIC ARCS. |
| DE102009021238A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2010-11-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for identifying contamination and / or condensation of components of a voltage source converter |
| WO2011003435A1 (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2011-01-13 | Abb Technology Ag | An arrangement and a method for monitoring the status of dc-side reactors in an hvdc transmission |
| DE102010030079A1 (en) * | 2010-06-15 | 2011-12-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method and device for monitoring the insulation resistance in an ungrounded electrical network |
| WO2012084038A1 (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and apparatus for identifying partial discharges in a dc voltage intermediate circuit |
| EP2568560B1 (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2014-12-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Frequency inverter and method for detecting and blocking a residual current in a frequency inverter |
| DE102013109928A1 (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2015-03-12 | Lorch Schweißtechnik GmbH | Protection circuit and power supply unit and electrical welding system with such a protection circuit |
| DE102014204893A1 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for aging determination of a power electronic switching module |
| CN105375448B (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2018-06-12 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | Direct current 50Hz guard methods and system based on fuzzy logic theory |
| CN106410767B (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-09-21 | 南方电网科学研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of direct current 100Hz guard methods and system |
| JP7417963B2 (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2024-01-19 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | Arc detection device, arc detection system, arc detection method, and program |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4196463A (en) * | 1978-06-05 | 1980-04-01 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Method and apparatus for detecting faults in an electric power distribution system |
| US4321680A (en) * | 1980-04-22 | 1982-03-23 | Wavetek Rockland Inc. | Spectrum analyzer with frequency band selection |
| US4775924A (en) * | 1987-02-27 | 1988-10-04 | Asea Power Systems, Inc. | Inverter commutation failure prevention method and apparatus |
| US4964027A (en) * | 1989-12-05 | 1990-10-16 | Sundstrand Corporation | High efficiency power generating system |
-
1991
- 1991-08-01 CA CA002114543A patent/CA2114543A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-08-01 DE DE59105130T patent/DE59105130D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-08-01 EP EP91913364A patent/EP0596879B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-01 WO PCT/DE1991/000621 patent/WO1993003530A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-08-01 JP JP3512500A patent/JPH06508974A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008020929A1 (en) | 2008-04-25 | 2009-11-05 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Defective circuit-breaker diagnosing device for converter of e.g. hybrid vehicle, has voltage evaluation unit comparing voltage potentials lying at respective inputs, where one of inputs is connected with output of voltage source |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06508974A (en) | 1994-10-06 |
| WO1993003530A1 (en) | 1993-02-18 |
| DE59105130D1 (en) | 1995-05-11 |
| EP0596879B1 (en) | 1995-04-05 |
| EP0596879A1 (en) | 1994-05-18 |
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