CA2113686A1 - Liquefied gas formulation for testing the vitality of teeth - Google Patents
Liquefied gas formulation for testing the vitality of teethInfo
- Publication number
- CA2113686A1 CA2113686A1 CA002113686A CA2113686A CA2113686A1 CA 2113686 A1 CA2113686 A1 CA 2113686A1 CA 002113686 A CA002113686 A CA 002113686A CA 2113686 A CA2113686 A CA 2113686A CA 2113686 A1 CA2113686 A1 CA 2113686A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- vitality
- teeth
- liquefied gas
- gas formulation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)F YFMFNYKEUDLDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane Chemical compound FCC(F)(F)F LVGUZGTVOIAKKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 208000002193 Pain Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000012976 tarts Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 210000004268 dentin Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000010392 Bone Fractures Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010017076 Fracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010017711 Gangrene Diseases 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020565 Hyperaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000976924 Inca Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100536883 Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila (strain Philadelphia 1 / ATCC 33152 / DSM 7513) thi5 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000001798 Nonvital Tooth Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000004328 Pulpitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010037464 Pulpitis dental Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101100240664 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) nmt1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000036366 Sensation of pressure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003074 dental pulp Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005437 stratosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000451 tissue damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000827 tissue damage Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 208000004371 toothache Diseases 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/0004—Screening or testing of compounds for diagnosis of disorders, assessment of conditions, e.g. renal clearance, gastric emptying, testing for diabetes, allergy, rheuma, pancreas functions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/02—Stomatological preparations, e.g. drugs for caries, aphtae, periodontitis
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract Liquefied gas formulation for testing the vitality of teeth The invention relates to a liquefied gas formulation for testing the vitality of teeth, which comprises at least 50% by weight of 2-hydroheptafluoropropane liquefied under pressure and not more than 50% by weight of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane liquefied under pressure, the use thereof and a method for testing the vitality of teeth.
Description
`~ 2113~8~
-``` HOECHST AKTIENGESELLSCXAFT HOE 93/F 018 Dr. MA/we Liquefied gas formulation for te~ting the vitality o~
teeth, The matter of the vitality of teeth i8 of decisive importance in the context o recording dental finding~
and planning dental treatment. The most requent causes o toothache are carious deect~, hyperemias o the pulp (marrow organ of the tooth), pulpitis or gangrene. Since the treatment o the dierent diseases varie~, pulp diagnostics (testing o vitali~y) is o decisive import-ance. In the case of deep-seated caries, it is important to retain the vitality wi~ich still exists (for example by direct or i~direct capping). In the case of crowning, it is important to determine devitalized teeth, since devitalized side teeth have an excessive risk of fracture and devitalized front teeth should be provided with a core construction of metal before crowning. Difficulties also oten occur with arowned teeth. Since diagnosis by X-ray is made dificult here, testing of vitality is of great importance.
The pulp regenerates dentine as a reaction to external influences and ~timuli and thus maintains the vitality of the pulp tissue.
The vitality of dental pulp i~ equated with the intact metaboli~m of cells and the ability to regenerate dent-ine. Direct evaluation of thie function ia not po~oible,i.e. vitality can be checked only indirectly.
In practice, the vitality of pulp is evaluated by check-ing ~ensitivity. An establi~hed clinical method i~ the U~8 o~ thermal stimuli. In this proc0dure, these ~timuli are given to the tooth ~urface and lead, via a ehift in the dentine Sluid, to excitation of the 0en~itive nerve3 o~ the pulp and thers~ore to a pain ~ensation.
Pulp ~enaltivity i~ chiefly t~ted with low temperature stimuli. Thie te~t is reliable, ~ince tha ~tlmulus ,, , ,,,"~ " ~ ~, ' ~.. ' ~ ~ '; ': ' '~' " ~ . ' .
, , ",",,, ", ,,,,", ,,"" ;,~,;,,, ~ ~ ~ ' ,.. , :., ,"
,,. ,~ ,",",,, :, -,, ~ "~
, ~,," ," , , ", ",, ~ ,, " ,', : "
_, 2 21~3~
threshold for low temperature stimuli in pulp tissue is low. On the other hand, in most case~ the pulp tissue i~
relatively insensitive to (brief) cooling, 80 that there is no fear of permanent tissue damage.
The use o~ R12 (dichlorodi~luoromethane) is outst~ndingly suitable and has been tried and tested for years for thi3 test.
To test the vitality of a tooth, this i8 brought into contact with a $oam pellet or cotton wool swab which has been sprayed beforehand with R12 liquefied under pres-eure. AB a re~ult of the drop in temperature on the tooth surface, the temperature in the region of the pulp falls, which means that the stimulus threshold for low tempera-ture stimuli is exceeded. However, like all completely halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFC~), R12 has a high resistance to biotic and abiotic degradation. CFCs are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere and therefore rise to the stratosphere. It is assumed that they are then cleaved by W radi~tion and contribute to the degradation of the ozone molecules via free radicale.
It has now been ~ound that R227 (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-hepta-fluoropropane, 2-hydroheptafluoropropane), by itself or as a mixture with up to 50% by weight of R134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) ia a suitable eubetitute or R12. R227 and R134a ar~ both non-combustible. ~inca the~e compounds contain hydrogen in the molecule, ~n contra~t to com-pletely halogenated chloro~luorocarbons, their life in the atmo~phere and therefore their contribution to the indirect greenhoune e~ect i~ signi~icantly reduced.
Since they are chlorine-free, they do not contribute toward ozone degradation. ~hi~ mean~ that the in~luence on the atmo~phere is minimized.
~he preeent invention relate~ to a liguefied gae ~ormula-tion ~or te~ting the ~itality o~ t~eth, which ~ompri~es 2-hydroh~pta~luoropropane (R227) lique~ied under "~ ',",i ''~, ' j ,~'","', , ~ '~"" ;
~ ,, r~
~/ ", ~ , '" , ,~
2~ i3g~
~ - 3 -.~, . .
pre~sure.
The usual epray can~ of aluminum are de~igned for a test pressure of 18 bar. For safety reason~, however, they ~hould be filled only with products having a vapor pressure at 50C of not more than 12 bar, i.e. 2/3 of the test pressure.
R227 has a vapor pressure of only 9.22 bar at 50C. On the other hand, the corresponding pressure of R134a is already 12.77 bar. R134a therefore can be u~ed only as a mixture with at least 50% by weight of R227 as a "pres-sure reducer". The ~apor pre~ure of a mixture of 50% by weight of R134a and 50% by weight of R227 i~ 10.8 bar at 50C, i.e. even if the spray cans are filled under an atmo~pheric pres~ure of 1 bar, the total preseure in the cans is only 11.8 bar, i.e. iB still of an admiesible value.
~he invention therefore furthermore relate~ to a lique-~ied ga~ formulation for testing the vitality of teeth, which comprises at lea~t 50% by weight of 2-hydrohepta-fluoropropane (R227) liguefied under pre~sure and notmore than 50% by weight of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) liquefied under pressure. The liquefied gaB
formulation preferably comprises 50 - 99% by weight of R227, the remainder e~eentially being R134a. In particu-lar, the liguefisd gas formulation compri~es 50 - 95% by weight of R227, above all 50 - 90% by weight of R227, the remainder in each case essentially being R134a.
Com~aratiYe ~tudie~ ~how that R12, when applied to a measurement probe (thermocouple) wrapped in cotton wool, lower~ the temperaturo to -36C, i.e. about 10C below the boiling point of R12, within 20 - 25 eeconde. Sur-prisingly, it has now been found that R227 lowers the temperature to only about -16C, i.e. down to about the boiling point of R227, within 15 second0. A mixture of 50% by weight each of R227 and R134a reaches a temp~ratur~ of -26.5C, which al80 only corresponds to ~"" ,,~ "", ,~. ,,,~.'~","" ,,", '",~ ,' :' ~ ;' ~ ' ''' '',', ,~, ~",, ~ "~,"",,",,~" ,:,~
~ ~ 4 ~ 2~3~8~
.
approximately the boiling point of this mixture, within 15 seconds. Considerably less icing on the mea~urement probe therefore occurs both with pure R227 and with its mixture with R134a than when R12 is employed.
Thes2 studies sugge~t that R227 and mixtures thareof with not mora than 50~ by weight o R134a will cau~e a lower-ing of the tamperature on the tooth surface (when applied via a cotton wool swab or foam pellet or sprayed directly onto the tooth) which is ~uff~cient to exceed the pain limit of a vital tooth.
R227 and it~ mixtures mentioned with R134a therefore allow gentler but ~ust as effective testing of the vitality of teeth in comparison with the R12 employed to date for this purpose. Damage to the enamel and the surrounding ti~sue is prevented or minimized by the higher temperature, in comparison with R12, as are the effects following accidental spraying onto the mucou~
membrane.
With R227 and it~ mixtures with R134a, the doctor can adjust to the individual pain limit of the patient by starting with pure R227 and elowly increasing the content of R134a and therefore slowly lower$ng the temperature on the tooth. The higher the R134a content, the lower the temperature generated on the tooth. In other word~, a considerably gentler diagno~i~ can be parformed than with R12.
The vitality can also be t0~ted by direct spraying onto I the tooth u~ing pure R227 or R227 containing ~mall I amount~ of R134a. However, it i~ preferable to u~e an application aid (for example a cotton wool ~wab or foam pellst), as $8 the case with mixture~ with higher con-tents of R134a.
Overall, R227 and it~ mixtures with R134a have the following advantage~ over R12: They are chlorine-Eree and therefore do not contribute toward ozone degradation.
Their vapor pressure i~ 80 low that it i~ not nece~sary to f$11 the ~pray can~ under v~cuum. Beaause the '', ~ 5 - 21~3~
temperature generated by them on the tooth i~ not ~o low, they are gentler to UBe. By suitable choice of the R134a content, te~ting of vitality can be adapted to the individual pain limit of the patient.
Mixtures with increas~ng contents of R134a can he em-ployed here, starting at 1-5~ by weight, then 5-10~ by weight, then 10-20% by weight, then 20-30~ by weight, then 30-40~ by weight and then 40-50% by weight of R134a, the remainder in each case being essentially R227.
10 The following example~ illustrate the invention. `
Comparison Example --A thermocouple wae connected to a digital temperature ~ ;
display apparatus. The thermocouple was wrapped in a cotton wool pellet (3 cm high and 4-5 cm thick). A --15 pressurized ga~ can filled with R12 was fixed on a stand. ~--The diatance between the spray head and the thermocouple was 10 cm; the thermocouple was ad~u~ted centrally in the cotton wool pellet. R12 was sprayed o~to the cotton wool pellet at room temperature for about 5 seconds. Within 20 20 - 25 second~, counted from the ~tart of spraying, the - -~
temperature dropped to -36C. Severe icing occurred on the cotton wool pellet. --Example 1 ~he procedure was ae in the Compari~on Example, except that inetead of R12, R227 wa~ now ~prayed onto the cotton wool pellet. Within 15 ~econd~, counted from the ~tart of spraying, the temperature dropp0d to -16C, only ~light icing occurring on the cotton wool pellet.
~xampls 2 Th~ procedure wa~ a~ in the Compari~on ~xample, except that inetead of R12, a mixture of 50% by weight o~ R227 and 50% by weight o~ R134a wa~ now ~pray~d onto tha cotton wool pellet. Within 15 ~econd~, counting from the ~tart o~ ~praying, the tempoxature dropped to -26.5C, only moderat~ icing o¢curring on the cotton wool pellet.
, y~, j- ,,,, "~, ,, ~, , , , ~; , :, :
-- - 6 - 21~3~8~
Example 3 The procedure wa~ a~ in the Comparison Example, except that instead of R12, a mixture of 90% by weight of R227 and 10% by weight of R134a was now sprayed onto the cotton wool pellet. Within 15 seconds, counting from the start of spraying, the temperature dropped to -20C, only slight icing occurring on the cotton wool pellet.
~ ~", ,~
-``` HOECHST AKTIENGESELLSCXAFT HOE 93/F 018 Dr. MA/we Liquefied gas formulation for te~ting the vitality o~
teeth, The matter of the vitality of teeth i8 of decisive importance in the context o recording dental finding~
and planning dental treatment. The most requent causes o toothache are carious deect~, hyperemias o the pulp (marrow organ of the tooth), pulpitis or gangrene. Since the treatment o the dierent diseases varie~, pulp diagnostics (testing o vitali~y) is o decisive import-ance. In the case of deep-seated caries, it is important to retain the vitality wi~ich still exists (for example by direct or i~direct capping). In the case of crowning, it is important to determine devitalized teeth, since devitalized side teeth have an excessive risk of fracture and devitalized front teeth should be provided with a core construction of metal before crowning. Difficulties also oten occur with arowned teeth. Since diagnosis by X-ray is made dificult here, testing of vitality is of great importance.
The pulp regenerates dentine as a reaction to external influences and ~timuli and thus maintains the vitality of the pulp tissue.
The vitality of dental pulp i~ equated with the intact metaboli~m of cells and the ability to regenerate dent-ine. Direct evaluation of thie function ia not po~oible,i.e. vitality can be checked only indirectly.
In practice, the vitality of pulp is evaluated by check-ing ~ensitivity. An establi~hed clinical method i~ the U~8 o~ thermal stimuli. In this proc0dure, these ~timuli are given to the tooth ~urface and lead, via a ehift in the dentine Sluid, to excitation of the 0en~itive nerve3 o~ the pulp and thers~ore to a pain ~ensation.
Pulp ~enaltivity i~ chiefly t~ted with low temperature stimuli. Thie te~t is reliable, ~ince tha ~tlmulus ,, , ,,,"~ " ~ ~, ' ~.. ' ~ ~ '; ': ' '~' " ~ . ' .
, , ",",,, ", ,,,,", ,,"" ;,~,;,,, ~ ~ ~ ' ,.. , :., ,"
,,. ,~ ,",",,, :, -,, ~ "~
, ~,," ," , , ", ",, ~ ,, " ,', : "
_, 2 21~3~
threshold for low temperature stimuli in pulp tissue is low. On the other hand, in most case~ the pulp tissue i~
relatively insensitive to (brief) cooling, 80 that there is no fear of permanent tissue damage.
The use o~ R12 (dichlorodi~luoromethane) is outst~ndingly suitable and has been tried and tested for years for thi3 test.
To test the vitality of a tooth, this i8 brought into contact with a $oam pellet or cotton wool swab which has been sprayed beforehand with R12 liquefied under pres-eure. AB a re~ult of the drop in temperature on the tooth surface, the temperature in the region of the pulp falls, which means that the stimulus threshold for low tempera-ture stimuli is exceeded. However, like all completely halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFC~), R12 has a high resistance to biotic and abiotic degradation. CFCs are not destroyed in the lower atmosphere and therefore rise to the stratosphere. It is assumed that they are then cleaved by W radi~tion and contribute to the degradation of the ozone molecules via free radicale.
It has now been ~ound that R227 (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-hepta-fluoropropane, 2-hydroheptafluoropropane), by itself or as a mixture with up to 50% by weight of R134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) ia a suitable eubetitute or R12. R227 and R134a ar~ both non-combustible. ~inca the~e compounds contain hydrogen in the molecule, ~n contra~t to com-pletely halogenated chloro~luorocarbons, their life in the atmo~phere and therefore their contribution to the indirect greenhoune e~ect i~ signi~icantly reduced.
Since they are chlorine-free, they do not contribute toward ozone degradation. ~hi~ mean~ that the in~luence on the atmo~phere is minimized.
~he preeent invention relate~ to a liguefied gae ~ormula-tion ~or te~ting the ~itality o~ t~eth, which ~ompri~es 2-hydroh~pta~luoropropane (R227) lique~ied under "~ ',",i ''~, ' j ,~'","', , ~ '~"" ;
~ ,, r~
~/ ", ~ , '" , ,~
2~ i3g~
~ - 3 -.~, . .
pre~sure.
The usual epray can~ of aluminum are de~igned for a test pressure of 18 bar. For safety reason~, however, they ~hould be filled only with products having a vapor pressure at 50C of not more than 12 bar, i.e. 2/3 of the test pressure.
R227 has a vapor pressure of only 9.22 bar at 50C. On the other hand, the corresponding pressure of R134a is already 12.77 bar. R134a therefore can be u~ed only as a mixture with at least 50% by weight of R227 as a "pres-sure reducer". The ~apor pre~ure of a mixture of 50% by weight of R134a and 50% by weight of R227 i~ 10.8 bar at 50C, i.e. even if the spray cans are filled under an atmo~pheric pres~ure of 1 bar, the total preseure in the cans is only 11.8 bar, i.e. iB still of an admiesible value.
~he invention therefore furthermore relate~ to a lique-~ied ga~ formulation for testing the vitality of teeth, which comprises at lea~t 50% by weight of 2-hydrohepta-fluoropropane (R227) liguefied under pre~sure and notmore than 50% by weight of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a) liquefied under pressure. The liquefied gaB
formulation preferably comprises 50 - 99% by weight of R227, the remainder e~eentially being R134a. In particu-lar, the liguefisd gas formulation compri~es 50 - 95% by weight of R227, above all 50 - 90% by weight of R227, the remainder in each case essentially being R134a.
Com~aratiYe ~tudie~ ~how that R12, when applied to a measurement probe (thermocouple) wrapped in cotton wool, lower~ the temperaturo to -36C, i.e. about 10C below the boiling point of R12, within 20 - 25 eeconde. Sur-prisingly, it has now been found that R227 lowers the temperature to only about -16C, i.e. down to about the boiling point of R227, within 15 second0. A mixture of 50% by weight each of R227 and R134a reaches a temp~ratur~ of -26.5C, which al80 only corresponds to ~"" ,,~ "", ,~. ,,,~.'~","" ,,", '",~ ,' :' ~ ;' ~ ' ''' '',', ,~, ~",, ~ "~,"",,",,~" ,:,~
~ ~ 4 ~ 2~3~8~
.
approximately the boiling point of this mixture, within 15 seconds. Considerably less icing on the mea~urement probe therefore occurs both with pure R227 and with its mixture with R134a than when R12 is employed.
Thes2 studies sugge~t that R227 and mixtures thareof with not mora than 50~ by weight o R134a will cau~e a lower-ing of the tamperature on the tooth surface (when applied via a cotton wool swab or foam pellet or sprayed directly onto the tooth) which is ~uff~cient to exceed the pain limit of a vital tooth.
R227 and it~ mixtures mentioned with R134a therefore allow gentler but ~ust as effective testing of the vitality of teeth in comparison with the R12 employed to date for this purpose. Damage to the enamel and the surrounding ti~sue is prevented or minimized by the higher temperature, in comparison with R12, as are the effects following accidental spraying onto the mucou~
membrane.
With R227 and it~ mixtures with R134a, the doctor can adjust to the individual pain limit of the patient by starting with pure R227 and elowly increasing the content of R134a and therefore slowly lower$ng the temperature on the tooth. The higher the R134a content, the lower the temperature generated on the tooth. In other word~, a considerably gentler diagno~i~ can be parformed than with R12.
The vitality can also be t0~ted by direct spraying onto I the tooth u~ing pure R227 or R227 containing ~mall I amount~ of R134a. However, it i~ preferable to u~e an application aid (for example a cotton wool ~wab or foam pellst), as $8 the case with mixture~ with higher con-tents of R134a.
Overall, R227 and it~ mixtures with R134a have the following advantage~ over R12: They are chlorine-Eree and therefore do not contribute toward ozone degradation.
Their vapor pressure i~ 80 low that it i~ not nece~sary to f$11 the ~pray can~ under v~cuum. Beaause the '', ~ 5 - 21~3~
temperature generated by them on the tooth i~ not ~o low, they are gentler to UBe. By suitable choice of the R134a content, te~ting of vitality can be adapted to the individual pain limit of the patient.
Mixtures with increas~ng contents of R134a can he em-ployed here, starting at 1-5~ by weight, then 5-10~ by weight, then 10-20% by weight, then 20-30~ by weight, then 30-40~ by weight and then 40-50% by weight of R134a, the remainder in each case being essentially R227.
10 The following example~ illustrate the invention. `
Comparison Example --A thermocouple wae connected to a digital temperature ~ ;
display apparatus. The thermocouple was wrapped in a cotton wool pellet (3 cm high and 4-5 cm thick). A --15 pressurized ga~ can filled with R12 was fixed on a stand. ~--The diatance between the spray head and the thermocouple was 10 cm; the thermocouple was ad~u~ted centrally in the cotton wool pellet. R12 was sprayed o~to the cotton wool pellet at room temperature for about 5 seconds. Within 20 20 - 25 second~, counted from the ~tart of spraying, the - -~
temperature dropped to -36C. Severe icing occurred on the cotton wool pellet. --Example 1 ~he procedure was ae in the Compari~on Example, except that inetead of R12, R227 wa~ now ~prayed onto the cotton wool pellet. Within 15 ~econd~, counted from the ~tart of spraying, the temperature dropp0d to -16C, only ~light icing occurring on the cotton wool pellet.
~xampls 2 Th~ procedure wa~ a~ in the Compari~on ~xample, except that inetead of R12, a mixture of 50% by weight o~ R227 and 50% by weight o~ R134a wa~ now ~pray~d onto tha cotton wool pellet. Within 15 ~econd~, counting from the ~tart o~ ~praying, the tempoxature dropped to -26.5C, only moderat~ icing o¢curring on the cotton wool pellet.
, y~, j- ,,,, "~, ,, ~, , , , ~; , :, :
-- - 6 - 21~3~8~
Example 3 The procedure wa~ a~ in the Comparison Example, except that instead of R12, a mixture of 90% by weight of R227 and 10% by weight of R134a was now sprayed onto the cotton wool pellet. Within 15 seconds, counting from the start of spraying, the temperature dropped to -20C, only slight icing occurring on the cotton wool pellet.
~ ~", ,~
Claims (14)
1. A liquefied gas formulation for testing the vitality of teeth, which comprises 2-hydroheptafluoropropane liquefied under pressure.
2. A liquefied gas formulation for testing the vitality of teeth, which comprises at least 50% by weight of 2-hydroheptafluoropropane liquefied under pressure and not more than 50% by weight of 1,1,1,2-tetra-fluoroethane liquefied under pressure.
3. A liquefied gas formulation as claimed in claim 2, which comprises 50 - 99 % by weight of 2-hydrohepta-fluoropropane, the remainder essentially being 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.
4. A liquefied gas formulation as claimed in claim 2, which comprises 50 - 95% by weight of 2-hydrohepta-fluoropropane, the remainder essentially being 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.
5. A liquefied gas formulation as claimed in claim 2, which comprises 50 - 90% by weight of 2-hydrohepta-fluoropropane, the remainder essentially being 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.
6. A liquefied gas formulation as claimed in claim 2, which comprises 50 - 70% by weight of 2-hydrohepta-fluoropropane, the remainder essentially being 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.
7. The use of 2-hydroheptafluoropropane for the prepar-ation of a liquefied gas formulation for testing the vitality of teeth.
8. The use of a mixture of 2-hydroheptafluoropropane and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, which comprises at least 50% by weight of 2-hydroheptafluoropropane, for the preparation of a liquefied gas formulation for testing the vitality of teeth.
9. The use of a mixture as claimed in claim 8, which comprises 50 - 99% by weight of 2-hydroheptafluoro-propane, the remainder essentially being 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.
10. The use of a mixture as claimed in claim 8, which comprises 50 - 95% by weight of 2-hydroheptafluoro-propane, the remainder essentially being 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.
11. The use of a mixture as claimed in claim 8, which comprises 50 - 90% by weight of 2-hydroheptafluoro-propane, the remainder essentially being 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.
12. The use of a mixture as claimed in claim 8, which comprises 50 - 70% by weight of 2-hydroheptafluoro-propane, the remainder essentially being 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.
13. A method for testing the vitality of teeth, which comprises bringing the tooth to be tested into contact with a liquefied gas formulation as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6.
14. A method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the lique-fied gas formulation is sprayed onto a cotton wool swab or foam pellet and this is brought into contact with the tooth to be tested.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4301205.1 | 1993-01-19 | ||
| DE4301205 | 1993-01-19 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2113686A1 true CA2113686A1 (en) | 1994-07-20 |
Family
ID=6478429
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002113686A Abandoned CA2113686A1 (en) | 1993-01-19 | 1994-01-18 | Liquefied gas formulation for testing the vitality of teeth |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0607822B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06298669A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE144151T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2113686A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE59400836D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9522701D0 (en) | 1995-11-07 | 1996-01-10 | Star Refrigeration | Centrifugal compression refrigerant composition |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL97065A (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1994-01-25 | Fisons Plc | Aerosol propellant compositions |
| CA2079776A1 (en) * | 1990-04-25 | 1991-10-26 | Donald B. Bivens | Halocarbon blends |
| US5182040A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1993-01-26 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Azeotropic and azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane |
| SG42375A1 (en) * | 1991-12-31 | 2001-04-17 | Solvay | Medicinal aerosol formulation |
-
1994
- 1994-01-07 AT AT94100197T patent/ATE144151T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-01-07 DE DE59400836T patent/DE59400836D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-01-07 EP EP94100197A patent/EP0607822B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-01-18 CA CA002113686A patent/CA2113686A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-01-18 JP JP6003661A patent/JPH06298669A/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0607822B1 (en) | 1996-10-16 |
| ATE144151T1 (en) | 1996-11-15 |
| JPH06298669A (en) | 1994-10-25 |
| EP0607822A1 (en) | 1994-07-27 |
| DE59400836D1 (en) | 1996-11-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |