CA2109645C - Method and apparatus to reduce skin tissue - Google Patents
Method and apparatus to reduce skin tissue Download PDFInfo
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- CA2109645C CA2109645C CA002109645A CA2109645A CA2109645C CA 2109645 C CA2109645 C CA 2109645C CA 002109645 A CA002109645 A CA 002109645A CA 2109645 A CA2109645 A CA 2109645A CA 2109645 C CA2109645 C CA 2109645C
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- voltage
- skin tissue
- contact element
- generating means
- glass tube
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/328—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for improving the appearance of the skin, e.g. facial toning or wrinkle treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/20—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes continuous direct currents
- A61N1/30—Apparatus for iontophoresis, i.e. transfer of media in ionic state by an electromotoric force into the body, or cataphoresis
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
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- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
Abstract
The present method is a method For reducing an oxidized skin tissue by applying negative high-voltage pulses to the oxidized skin tissue so that the oxidized skin tissue is reduced by an electron addition reaction. A high-voltage generating circuit which is incorporated in a main body generates negative high-voltage pulses. Those negative high-voltage pulses are applied to the skin through a contact element which is connected to the main body, so that the oxidized skin tissue is reduced by the electron addition reaction. Further, the present apparatus is an apparatus to reduce a skin tissue, comprising a high-voltage generating means to generate negative high-voltage pulses, and a contact element which is connected to the high-voltage generating means and applies negative high-voltage pulses generated by the high-voltage generating means to the skin when it is brought close to or in contact with a surface of the skin, whereby an oxidized skin tissue is reduced by the electron addition reaction.
Description
~1 ~ 964 5 BACKGROUND OE THE INVENTION
1. E:ield of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus to reduce oxidized skin tissue, and more specifically, to the method and apparatus to electrically reduce the oxidized skin tissue. The reduction is achieved through addition of electrons.
1. E:ield of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus to reduce oxidized skin tissue, and more specifically, to the method and apparatus to electrically reduce the oxidized skin tissue. The reduction is achieved through addition of electrons.
2. Description of the Related Art One of the factors to cause deterioration of the skin is oxidation of the skin tissue. VYhen the skin tissue is oxidized, its metabolic function is damaged and the activation of the skin tissue is prevented.
Accordingly, in order to prevent the deterioration of the skin, the oxidized skin tissue should be reduced. One of the methods to reduce the oxidized skin tissue that has been conventionally employed is ingestion of tocopherol (vitamin E) or ascorbic acid (vitamin C) yielding i~ vivo reducing function as shown in a below chemical reaction formula 1.
:~
_......i . ._. .. _ _~.~_ . _._ _ ._ .__... .. .... . ... .. _.-,.._ . . ..
..~. ..... __._._.
_ _ - 2~109fi4~
HO HO
I ,o I ,o HO H ~0 H O H
HO . H L 0~ I.OOH HO H L O~ OOH HO H
CH2pH CH20H CH20H
ASCORBIC ACID ASCORBIC AGID RADICAL DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID
HO
H3C ~ O CH CH3 a - TOCHOPHERAL
1.~0~
LOO H
~U
CHg CH3 CH3 H3G ~ O CHI CH3 a - TOCHOPHERAL RADICAL
Chemical Reaction Eormu.la 1 z x"10 964 5 In the above mentioned method for reducing oxidized skin tissue, reducing substances such as vitamin C must be ingested, and since those reducing substances cannot be synthesized in vivo, they must be ingested as foods or drugs in a form of synthesized products. However, vitamin C
ingested in a form of the foods or synthesized products takes a long time to be brought to the oxidized skin tissue to reduce it. In addition, since vitamin C ingested spreads all over the body, vitamin C does contribute not only to the reduction of the oxidized skin tissue, but rather the reduction effect may be dispersed through the whole body, which may lead to unexpectedly low results.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the above-described problems of the known prior art, the present invention is aimed at providing a method and an apparatus for steadily reducing oxidized skin tissue in a short time period.
According to one aspect of the present invention, for achieving the objects described above, there is provided a method for reducing an oxidized skin tissue by applying negative high-voltage pulses to the oxidized skin tissue, so that the oxidized skin tissue is reduced by an electron addition reaction.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for reducing an oxidized skin tissue, comprising a high-voltage pulse means for generating negative high-voltage pulses, and a contact portion, the contact element providing means for applying ~! 1 ~ 9 6 4 5 electrons due to negative high-voltage pulses from the contact portion to a surface of the oxidized skin tissue, so that the oxidized skin tissue is reduced by an electron addition reaction.
The nature, principle and utility of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and diagrams.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of one example of a skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of one example of a high-voltage generating circuit incorporated in the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of A: potassium permanganate solution saturated with pure nitrogen and B: irradiation of the skin tissue reducing apparatus for 45 min. in the solution A;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes of the optical density at 420 [nm] with time, wherein solution A is pyrogallol solution under atmosphere (control group) and solution H is irradiation of the skin tissue reducing apparatus in the solution A;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing differences of the optical density at 420 [nm] with time between the solution A (control group) and the solution 8 (irradiation group) in FIG. 4;
FIGs. 6A to 6D are graphs showing an HPLC of ubiquinone in EtOH-H20 (3:1) solutions before and after irradiation of the skin tissue reducing 4a apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 i.s a r;raph showi n~; a rat. i on o f the ub i qta i nono (a) sarxl I,lu~
ubiquinol (b) by irradiation of the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention; and FIGs.8A and 8B are graphs showing an HPLC of the ubiquinone in Eton solutions before and after irradiation of the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention.
Generally speaking, when an atom, a molecule or an ion acquires electrons, it is called "reduced". Tlrat means, the reduction is a reaction due to an addition of electrons. For example, an iron ion of tri-vale:nt Fe " is reduced to an iron ion of di-valent Fe2' by adding an electron e' as shown in a chemical reaction formula 2. A manganese ion of hepta-valent Mn " is reduced to a manganese ion of di-valent hln2' by t.lre addition of five electrons (5e') as shown in a chemical reaction formula 3.
Fe3' + e' -i Fez' Chemical Reaction Formula 2 Mn" + 5e' --~ Mnz' Chemical Reaction Formula 3 Accordingly, it is possible to electrically reduce the oxidized skin tissue.
p ~o~s~5~
In fact, it is known that the potential energy of an ion in the reduced state is greater than that of the precursor, and there is a great energy barrier between the state transitions. Thus, the in vivo reduction is performed with the intervention of an energy transmission system and an enzyme. Accordingly, a relatively high voltage (or field strength) is required for reducing the oxidized skin tissue electrically. In order to carry out electrically efficient reduction of the oxidized skin tissue, an AC or a pulsed voltage is required, which can easily penetrate the skin.
From the above description, it can be concluded that an efficient electrical reduction of the oxidized skin tissue requires an application of negative high-voltage pulses to the skin.
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of one example of a skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention, wherein a contact element 2, functions to guide negative high-voltage pulses generated by a high-voltage generating circuit, to a surface of the skin. When the apparatus is brought close to or in contact with the skin surface, a sufficient coupling is formed with the skin. The contact element 2 which is attached to a main body 1, which incorporates the high-voltage generating circuit. The main body 1 of the skin tissue reducing apparatus has a portable cylindrical form, and a power source line 3 is connected to one side bottom portion thereof. The contact element 2 is mounted on the other side bottom portion. An end terminal of the power source line 3 is connected to a DC power source to ~'109645-operate the skin tissue reducing apparatus. The contact element 2 has a contact portion 2A in the form of an umbrella at the top portion thereof so as to contact with the skin.
Besides, the contact element 2 is attachable and detachable to the main body 1. A function of the contact element 2, in addition to the above-mentioned one, is to give appropriately dispersed impedance to prevent the skin from being burnt by the concentration of the electric current. The contact element 2 which has the above functions and is used in the present invention may take the following forms;
O1 a glass tube with an electrode coated on one end, in which air or another gas having a reduced pressure is sealed;
O2 a glass tube in which air or another gas having a reduced pressure and an electrode are sealed;
a glass tube in which air or another gas having a reduced pressure is sealed and a metal deposition electrode is formed on an inner wall of the glass tube; and a metal plate, foil or net coated with an insulating material such as glass, resin or the like.
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram illustrating the structure of an example of a high-voltage generating circuit to generate negative high-voltage pulses, which is incorporated in the main body 1 of the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention. The DC voltage (for example, +12V) which is inputted from a DC power source through the power source line 3 is stepped up by a voltage , 1 ~ 964 5 step-up circuit 11 incorporating a step-up oscillator (not shown). Positive electric charges are then accumulated in a storage capacitor 12, and the accumulation is continued 7a 1 a 964 5 until the voltage reaches a predetermined value (for example, +1(lOV at a point A). After the charging is completed, a trigger pulse is generated in a trigger generating circuit 13 and sent to a gate of a thyristor 14. This trigger operation provides quick conduction between an anode and a cathode of the tl>,yristor 14 and the positive electric charges accumulated in the storage capacitor 12 are discharged by the thyristor 14 through the primary side of the high-voltage transformer 15. At this time, negative high-voltage pulses (for example, 15 KVp-v at a point 13) are generated on the secondary side of the high-voltage transformer 15.
After the completion of discharge of the storage capacitor 12, by a counter electromotive force caused by the magnetic energy remaining in the high-voltage transformer 15, current continues through the thyristor 14, as far as the current is more than the lowest llolding current of the thyristor 14, which charges storage capacitor 12 into negative (minus at point A).
After tire negative charging is completed, the accumulated negative electric charges are flown to the primary side of the high-voltage transformer 15 through a diode 16 and an attenuation resistance 17 which are connected in series and are in parallel with the thyristor 14. llowever, since the energy of accumulated negative electric charges are attenuated quickly by the 2 0 attenuation resistance 17, the voltage of the positive pulses generated on the secondary side of the high-voltage transformer 15 is controlled to be a low level. Tire high-voltage pulses thus generated, biased negatively, are applied to tire skin 10 of a human through the contact. element 2.
llere, in addition to the method using the voltage step-up transformer shown in the above-mentioned embodiment of EIG.2, a means to 8 .
r~ A
~o~s~ 5 generate the negat;ive high-voltage pulses includes the following methods ~l to ~;
~l Flyback Method:
An electric current flowed in an inductance including a transformer is then shut off quickly.
02 Rectification Method:
An AC pulsed high voltage obtained by using a transformer and the like is rectified by a high-voltage rectifier.
~ Induction Coil Method:
l0 An electromagnetically inductive coil of resonance type or non-resonance type i.s employed.
Experimental examples to show the reducing effect of the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention to effectively reduce the skin tissue will be described as follows. The contact element 2 used here comprises a Pyrex thin wall glass tube having a tubular electrode fixed at one end, in which nitrogen of 3 mmllg is sealed.
The first experiment was carried out to prove the reduction of Mn (VII) to Mn (II) by addition of electrons using the skin tissue reducing apparatus. Irradiation of tire skin tissue reducing apparatus to a O.lmM
2 0 potassium permanganate was carried out for 45 minutes. FIG.3 shows electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of a curve A before and a curve B after the irradiation of the skin tissue reducing apparatus. Since Mn (VII) has a diamagnetic characteristics, it does not show the ESR spectrum. After the irradiation, a characteristics A of ESR spectrum of Mn (II) was observed in *Trade-mark ..__... ~. . __. _ .__.._..........~-~. ...... W ..._.. .. ..
t'109645-this solution as shown in a characteristics R of FIG.3. This results clearly demonstrated that Mn (VII)q'ag reduced to rtn (zz) by the electron addition effect of the skin tissue reducing apparatus as shown in a below chemical reaction formula 4.
Mn" + 5e- -~ Mn 2 Chemical Reaction Formula 4 As a model, a O.lmM potassium permanganate aqueous solution saturated with pure nitrogen was used. FIG.3 shows characteristic curves on the analytical results of the aqueous solution by an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of before and after the contact element 2 of the present apparatus was immersed in the aqueous solution and worked for 45 minutes.
As it is clear from the graphs in FIG.3, the aqueous solution prior to the working of the contact element 2 contained manganese ions Mn (VII) of hepta valent (characteristic curve A), while the aqueous solution after the working, was changed to contain manganese ions Mn (II) of di valent (characteristic curve B). This shows that the manganese ion Mn (VII) was reduced to Mn (II) by the electron addition effect of the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention.
Tire second experiment was performed based on the reducing effect of the enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD) which eliminates peroxides .in a living body (refer to a dissertation written by Stefan Marklund and Gudrun Marklund, "Involvement of the Superoxide Anion Radical in the Autoxidation of Pyrogallol and a Convenient Assay for Superoxide Dismutase", Eur. ,l.
Biochear. Vo1.47, 1974, pp.469-474). The pyrogallol solution of the model is ~1U9645 a basic solution, subject to autoxidation, colored by the oxidation, and the color is deepened as the degree of the oxidation is raised. Accordingly, when the optical density (O.D.) of the pyrogallol solution is measured by a spectrophotometer as a predetermined wave length, the intensity of the coloration, i.e. the degree of the oxidation can be obtained. The reaction is inhibited by the vitamin C.
FIG. 4 shows the change of the optical density at 420 (nm]
with time of A: a pyrogallol solution which was autoxidized under atmosphere (control group), and B: a pyrogallol solution which is irradiated by the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention. As it is clear from the graphs in FIG. 4, it is proved that the oxidation of the pyrogallol solution was inhibited or the oxidized pyrogallol solution was reduced by the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 5 shows the differences of the optical density at 420 [nm] with time between A (control group) and B (irradiation group). The fact that the difference between the optical density of the pyrogallol solutions is nearly linearly increased with time when the experiments were carried out at a constant voltage and a constant frequency, has demonstrated the reduction effect of the present apparatus.
The third experiment was performed on the reduction of ubiquinone to ubiquinol by using the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention. Lrbiquinone and ubiquinol participate in transmission of electrons in an organism. It is well known that ubiquinol strongly acts as an ;,~
anti-oxidizing agent in the organism. However, since ubiquinol is transformed to ubiquinone by autoxidation and anti-oxidizing power of ubiquinol decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to give back by reducing ubiquinone to ubiquinol.
FIGs. 6A to 6D show a high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) of an ubiquinone solution in EtOH . H20 (3:1), in which the contact element 2 of the present invention was ixmnersed and worked. The analysis result shown in FIG. 6A
at a start time shows that the initial solution has 100$ of ubiquinone (a). The analysis result shown in FIG. 6B after an hour shows that the solution has 49~ of ubiquinone (a) and 18~
of ubiquinol (b). The analysis result shown in FIG. 6C after two hours shows that the solution has 23~ of ubiquinone (a) and 19~ of ubiquinol (b). The analysis result shown in FIG.
6D after three hours shows that the solution has 2~ of ubiquinone (a) and 16~ of ubiquinol (b). These results mean that ubiquinone is effectively reduced into ubiquinol by using the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention according to the following chemical reaction formula 5.
O OH
H3C0 CHg ~A~ON OF HgCO / CHg NEGATIVE ELECTRONS
HgCO ~ H H3C0 \ ~ H
O Me 1~ OH Me UBIQUIrIONE UBIQUINOL
Chemical Reaction Formula 5 Graphs of FIG. 7 show the variation in the ...~e '~ 4 964 5 difference between quantities of ubiquinone (a) and ubiquinol (b) shown in FIGs. 6A to 6D with time (hour) and a ratio of the composition. Since ubiquinol (b) increases with passing time within two hours, it was proved that ubiquinone (a) was reduced by the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention. Ubiquinone and vitamin K
belong to the same group and ubiquinone is converted into ubiquinol in a live body of the human or the like. Ubiquinol is an activated substance having a strong reducing effect and an anti-oxidation operation and is effective in the human body. That is, it is possible to convert vitamin K into an activated substance and the activated substance becomes the ubiquinol after the operation due to the ubiquinol. Then, the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention can again convert the ubiquinone into the activated substance. Therefore, the skin tissue reducing apparatus of the present invention is also able to activate vitamin K.
FIGs. 8A and 8B show the high performance liquid chromatogram of an ubiquinone in EtOH . Ether solution (3:1), in which the contact element 2 of the present invention was immersed and worked. The analysis result shown in FIG. 8A at start time shows that the solution has 100 of ubiquinone (a).
The analysis result shown in FIG. 8B after two hours shows similarly that the solution has 100 of ubiquinone (a). This means that ubiquinol is not formed by reducing ubiquinone in a non-aqueous system.
As stated above, since the reduction of ubiquinone to ubiquinol is not formed in a non-aqueous solvent, but is formed in an aqueous solvent, the reduction of organic compounds by the skin tissue reducing 13a 21~0964~
apparatus according to the present invention need water (liz0~. Namely, it is considered that protons require reduction of carbonyl groups given by the water.
As stated by the above explanations, according to the method and the apparatus of the present invention, the oxidized skin tissue can be reduced in a short time and the deterioration of the skin can be prevented since the negative electrons are added to the oxidized skin tissue. In addition, by measuring the reduction power of a pyrogallol solution containing a predetermined amount of vitamin C, the correlation between the amount of vitamin C and the working time of the present invention can be obtained. The effect equivalent to, or more than, that provided by inges-tion of the vitamin C of the predetermined amount can be efficiently achieved by the present invention.
It should be understood that many modifications and adaptations of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art and it i.s intendcxl to encompass such obvious modifications and clranbes in tl» scope o(' the claims appended hereto.
Accordingly, in order to prevent the deterioration of the skin, the oxidized skin tissue should be reduced. One of the methods to reduce the oxidized skin tissue that has been conventionally employed is ingestion of tocopherol (vitamin E) or ascorbic acid (vitamin C) yielding i~ vivo reducing function as shown in a below chemical reaction formula 1.
:~
_......i . ._. .. _ _~.~_ . _._ _ ._ .__... .. .... . ... .. _.-,.._ . . ..
..~. ..... __._._.
_ _ - 2~109fi4~
HO HO
I ,o I ,o HO H ~0 H O H
HO . H L 0~ I.OOH HO H L O~ OOH HO H
CH2pH CH20H CH20H
ASCORBIC ACID ASCORBIC AGID RADICAL DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID
HO
H3C ~ O CH CH3 a - TOCHOPHERAL
1.~0~
LOO H
~U
CHg CH3 CH3 H3G ~ O CHI CH3 a - TOCHOPHERAL RADICAL
Chemical Reaction Eormu.la 1 z x"10 964 5 In the above mentioned method for reducing oxidized skin tissue, reducing substances such as vitamin C must be ingested, and since those reducing substances cannot be synthesized in vivo, they must be ingested as foods or drugs in a form of synthesized products. However, vitamin C
ingested in a form of the foods or synthesized products takes a long time to be brought to the oxidized skin tissue to reduce it. In addition, since vitamin C ingested spreads all over the body, vitamin C does contribute not only to the reduction of the oxidized skin tissue, but rather the reduction effect may be dispersed through the whole body, which may lead to unexpectedly low results.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the above-described problems of the known prior art, the present invention is aimed at providing a method and an apparatus for steadily reducing oxidized skin tissue in a short time period.
According to one aspect of the present invention, for achieving the objects described above, there is provided a method for reducing an oxidized skin tissue by applying negative high-voltage pulses to the oxidized skin tissue, so that the oxidized skin tissue is reduced by an electron addition reaction.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for reducing an oxidized skin tissue, comprising a high-voltage pulse means for generating negative high-voltage pulses, and a contact portion, the contact element providing means for applying ~! 1 ~ 9 6 4 5 electrons due to negative high-voltage pulses from the contact portion to a surface of the oxidized skin tissue, so that the oxidized skin tissue is reduced by an electron addition reaction.
The nature, principle and utility of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and diagrams.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of one example of a skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure of one example of a high-voltage generating circuit incorporated in the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of A: potassium permanganate solution saturated with pure nitrogen and B: irradiation of the skin tissue reducing apparatus for 45 min. in the solution A;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing changes of the optical density at 420 [nm] with time, wherein solution A is pyrogallol solution under atmosphere (control group) and solution H is irradiation of the skin tissue reducing apparatus in the solution A;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing differences of the optical density at 420 [nm] with time between the solution A (control group) and the solution 8 (irradiation group) in FIG. 4;
FIGs. 6A to 6D are graphs showing an HPLC of ubiquinone in EtOH-H20 (3:1) solutions before and after irradiation of the skin tissue reducing 4a apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 i.s a r;raph showi n~; a rat. i on o f the ub i qta i nono (a) sarxl I,lu~
ubiquinol (b) by irradiation of the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention; and FIGs.8A and 8B are graphs showing an HPLC of the ubiquinone in Eton solutions before and after irradiation of the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention.
Generally speaking, when an atom, a molecule or an ion acquires electrons, it is called "reduced". Tlrat means, the reduction is a reaction due to an addition of electrons. For example, an iron ion of tri-vale:nt Fe " is reduced to an iron ion of di-valent Fe2' by adding an electron e' as shown in a chemical reaction formula 2. A manganese ion of hepta-valent Mn " is reduced to a manganese ion of di-valent hln2' by t.lre addition of five electrons (5e') as shown in a chemical reaction formula 3.
Fe3' + e' -i Fez' Chemical Reaction Formula 2 Mn" + 5e' --~ Mnz' Chemical Reaction Formula 3 Accordingly, it is possible to electrically reduce the oxidized skin tissue.
p ~o~s~5~
In fact, it is known that the potential energy of an ion in the reduced state is greater than that of the precursor, and there is a great energy barrier between the state transitions. Thus, the in vivo reduction is performed with the intervention of an energy transmission system and an enzyme. Accordingly, a relatively high voltage (or field strength) is required for reducing the oxidized skin tissue electrically. In order to carry out electrically efficient reduction of the oxidized skin tissue, an AC or a pulsed voltage is required, which can easily penetrate the skin.
From the above description, it can be concluded that an efficient electrical reduction of the oxidized skin tissue requires an application of negative high-voltage pulses to the skin.
FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of one example of a skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention, wherein a contact element 2, functions to guide negative high-voltage pulses generated by a high-voltage generating circuit, to a surface of the skin. When the apparatus is brought close to or in contact with the skin surface, a sufficient coupling is formed with the skin. The contact element 2 which is attached to a main body 1, which incorporates the high-voltage generating circuit. The main body 1 of the skin tissue reducing apparatus has a portable cylindrical form, and a power source line 3 is connected to one side bottom portion thereof. The contact element 2 is mounted on the other side bottom portion. An end terminal of the power source line 3 is connected to a DC power source to ~'109645-operate the skin tissue reducing apparatus. The contact element 2 has a contact portion 2A in the form of an umbrella at the top portion thereof so as to contact with the skin.
Besides, the contact element 2 is attachable and detachable to the main body 1. A function of the contact element 2, in addition to the above-mentioned one, is to give appropriately dispersed impedance to prevent the skin from being burnt by the concentration of the electric current. The contact element 2 which has the above functions and is used in the present invention may take the following forms;
O1 a glass tube with an electrode coated on one end, in which air or another gas having a reduced pressure is sealed;
O2 a glass tube in which air or another gas having a reduced pressure and an electrode are sealed;
a glass tube in which air or another gas having a reduced pressure is sealed and a metal deposition electrode is formed on an inner wall of the glass tube; and a metal plate, foil or net coated with an insulating material such as glass, resin or the like.
FIG. 2 shows a block diagram illustrating the structure of an example of a high-voltage generating circuit to generate negative high-voltage pulses, which is incorporated in the main body 1 of the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention. The DC voltage (for example, +12V) which is inputted from a DC power source through the power source line 3 is stepped up by a voltage , 1 ~ 964 5 step-up circuit 11 incorporating a step-up oscillator (not shown). Positive electric charges are then accumulated in a storage capacitor 12, and the accumulation is continued 7a 1 a 964 5 until the voltage reaches a predetermined value (for example, +1(lOV at a point A). After the charging is completed, a trigger pulse is generated in a trigger generating circuit 13 and sent to a gate of a thyristor 14. This trigger operation provides quick conduction between an anode and a cathode of the tl>,yristor 14 and the positive electric charges accumulated in the storage capacitor 12 are discharged by the thyristor 14 through the primary side of the high-voltage transformer 15. At this time, negative high-voltage pulses (for example, 15 KVp-v at a point 13) are generated on the secondary side of the high-voltage transformer 15.
After the completion of discharge of the storage capacitor 12, by a counter electromotive force caused by the magnetic energy remaining in the high-voltage transformer 15, current continues through the thyristor 14, as far as the current is more than the lowest llolding current of the thyristor 14, which charges storage capacitor 12 into negative (minus at point A).
After tire negative charging is completed, the accumulated negative electric charges are flown to the primary side of the high-voltage transformer 15 through a diode 16 and an attenuation resistance 17 which are connected in series and are in parallel with the thyristor 14. llowever, since the energy of accumulated negative electric charges are attenuated quickly by the 2 0 attenuation resistance 17, the voltage of the positive pulses generated on the secondary side of the high-voltage transformer 15 is controlled to be a low level. Tire high-voltage pulses thus generated, biased negatively, are applied to tire skin 10 of a human through the contact. element 2.
llere, in addition to the method using the voltage step-up transformer shown in the above-mentioned embodiment of EIG.2, a means to 8 .
r~ A
~o~s~ 5 generate the negat;ive high-voltage pulses includes the following methods ~l to ~;
~l Flyback Method:
An electric current flowed in an inductance including a transformer is then shut off quickly.
02 Rectification Method:
An AC pulsed high voltage obtained by using a transformer and the like is rectified by a high-voltage rectifier.
~ Induction Coil Method:
l0 An electromagnetically inductive coil of resonance type or non-resonance type i.s employed.
Experimental examples to show the reducing effect of the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention to effectively reduce the skin tissue will be described as follows. The contact element 2 used here comprises a Pyrex thin wall glass tube having a tubular electrode fixed at one end, in which nitrogen of 3 mmllg is sealed.
The first experiment was carried out to prove the reduction of Mn (VII) to Mn (II) by addition of electrons using the skin tissue reducing apparatus. Irradiation of tire skin tissue reducing apparatus to a O.lmM
2 0 potassium permanganate was carried out for 45 minutes. FIG.3 shows electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of a curve A before and a curve B after the irradiation of the skin tissue reducing apparatus. Since Mn (VII) has a diamagnetic characteristics, it does not show the ESR spectrum. After the irradiation, a characteristics A of ESR spectrum of Mn (II) was observed in *Trade-mark ..__... ~. . __. _ .__.._..........~-~. ...... W ..._.. .. ..
t'109645-this solution as shown in a characteristics R of FIG.3. This results clearly demonstrated that Mn (VII)q'ag reduced to rtn (zz) by the electron addition effect of the skin tissue reducing apparatus as shown in a below chemical reaction formula 4.
Mn" + 5e- -~ Mn 2 Chemical Reaction Formula 4 As a model, a O.lmM potassium permanganate aqueous solution saturated with pure nitrogen was used. FIG.3 shows characteristic curves on the analytical results of the aqueous solution by an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of before and after the contact element 2 of the present apparatus was immersed in the aqueous solution and worked for 45 minutes.
As it is clear from the graphs in FIG.3, the aqueous solution prior to the working of the contact element 2 contained manganese ions Mn (VII) of hepta valent (characteristic curve A), while the aqueous solution after the working, was changed to contain manganese ions Mn (II) of di valent (characteristic curve B). This shows that the manganese ion Mn (VII) was reduced to Mn (II) by the electron addition effect of the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention.
Tire second experiment was performed based on the reducing effect of the enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD) which eliminates peroxides .in a living body (refer to a dissertation written by Stefan Marklund and Gudrun Marklund, "Involvement of the Superoxide Anion Radical in the Autoxidation of Pyrogallol and a Convenient Assay for Superoxide Dismutase", Eur. ,l.
Biochear. Vo1.47, 1974, pp.469-474). The pyrogallol solution of the model is ~1U9645 a basic solution, subject to autoxidation, colored by the oxidation, and the color is deepened as the degree of the oxidation is raised. Accordingly, when the optical density (O.D.) of the pyrogallol solution is measured by a spectrophotometer as a predetermined wave length, the intensity of the coloration, i.e. the degree of the oxidation can be obtained. The reaction is inhibited by the vitamin C.
FIG. 4 shows the change of the optical density at 420 (nm]
with time of A: a pyrogallol solution which was autoxidized under atmosphere (control group), and B: a pyrogallol solution which is irradiated by the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention. As it is clear from the graphs in FIG. 4, it is proved that the oxidation of the pyrogallol solution was inhibited or the oxidized pyrogallol solution was reduced by the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 5 shows the differences of the optical density at 420 [nm] with time between A (control group) and B (irradiation group). The fact that the difference between the optical density of the pyrogallol solutions is nearly linearly increased with time when the experiments were carried out at a constant voltage and a constant frequency, has demonstrated the reduction effect of the present apparatus.
The third experiment was performed on the reduction of ubiquinone to ubiquinol by using the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention. Lrbiquinone and ubiquinol participate in transmission of electrons in an organism. It is well known that ubiquinol strongly acts as an ;,~
anti-oxidizing agent in the organism. However, since ubiquinol is transformed to ubiquinone by autoxidation and anti-oxidizing power of ubiquinol decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to give back by reducing ubiquinone to ubiquinol.
FIGs. 6A to 6D show a high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) of an ubiquinone solution in EtOH . H20 (3:1), in which the contact element 2 of the present invention was ixmnersed and worked. The analysis result shown in FIG. 6A
at a start time shows that the initial solution has 100$ of ubiquinone (a). The analysis result shown in FIG. 6B after an hour shows that the solution has 49~ of ubiquinone (a) and 18~
of ubiquinol (b). The analysis result shown in FIG. 6C after two hours shows that the solution has 23~ of ubiquinone (a) and 19~ of ubiquinol (b). The analysis result shown in FIG.
6D after three hours shows that the solution has 2~ of ubiquinone (a) and 16~ of ubiquinol (b). These results mean that ubiquinone is effectively reduced into ubiquinol by using the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention according to the following chemical reaction formula 5.
O OH
H3C0 CHg ~A~ON OF HgCO / CHg NEGATIVE ELECTRONS
HgCO ~ H H3C0 \ ~ H
O Me 1~ OH Me UBIQUIrIONE UBIQUINOL
Chemical Reaction Formula 5 Graphs of FIG. 7 show the variation in the ...~e '~ 4 964 5 difference between quantities of ubiquinone (a) and ubiquinol (b) shown in FIGs. 6A to 6D with time (hour) and a ratio of the composition. Since ubiquinol (b) increases with passing time within two hours, it was proved that ubiquinone (a) was reduced by the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention. Ubiquinone and vitamin K
belong to the same group and ubiquinone is converted into ubiquinol in a live body of the human or the like. Ubiquinol is an activated substance having a strong reducing effect and an anti-oxidation operation and is effective in the human body. That is, it is possible to convert vitamin K into an activated substance and the activated substance becomes the ubiquinol after the operation due to the ubiquinol. Then, the skin tissue reducing apparatus according to the present invention can again convert the ubiquinone into the activated substance. Therefore, the skin tissue reducing apparatus of the present invention is also able to activate vitamin K.
FIGs. 8A and 8B show the high performance liquid chromatogram of an ubiquinone in EtOH . Ether solution (3:1), in which the contact element 2 of the present invention was immersed and worked. The analysis result shown in FIG. 8A at start time shows that the solution has 100 of ubiquinone (a).
The analysis result shown in FIG. 8B after two hours shows similarly that the solution has 100 of ubiquinone (a). This means that ubiquinol is not formed by reducing ubiquinone in a non-aqueous system.
As stated above, since the reduction of ubiquinone to ubiquinol is not formed in a non-aqueous solvent, but is formed in an aqueous solvent, the reduction of organic compounds by the skin tissue reducing 13a 21~0964~
apparatus according to the present invention need water (liz0~. Namely, it is considered that protons require reduction of carbonyl groups given by the water.
As stated by the above explanations, according to the method and the apparatus of the present invention, the oxidized skin tissue can be reduced in a short time and the deterioration of the skin can be prevented since the negative electrons are added to the oxidized skin tissue. In addition, by measuring the reduction power of a pyrogallol solution containing a predetermined amount of vitamin C, the correlation between the amount of vitamin C and the working time of the present invention can be obtained. The effect equivalent to, or more than, that provided by inges-tion of the vitamin C of the predetermined amount can be efficiently achieved by the present invention.
It should be understood that many modifications and adaptations of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art and it i.s intendcxl to encompass such obvious modifications and clranbes in tl» scope o(' the claims appended hereto.
Claims (11)
1. An apparatus for reducing an oxidized skin tissue, which comprises:
a high-voltage pulse generating means for generating negative high-voltage pulses, and a contact element having an electrode connected to the high-voltage pulse generating means and a contact portion, the contact element providing means for applying electrons due to negative high-voltage pulses from the contact portion to a surface of an oxidized skin tissue, whereby the oxidized skin tissue is reduced by an electron addition reaction.
a high-voltage pulse generating means for generating negative high-voltage pulses, and a contact element having an electrode connected to the high-voltage pulse generating means and a contact portion, the contact element providing means for applying electrons due to negative high-voltage pulses from the contact portion to a surface of an oxidized skin tissue, whereby the oxidized skin tissue is reduced by an electron addition reaction.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, Wherein the high-voltage generating means comprises a voltage step-up transformer so as to generate the negative high-voltage pulses.
3. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the high-voltage generating means dispatches a flow of an electric current in an inductance including a transformer and quickly shuts off the electric currant so as to generate the negative high-voltage pulses.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the high-voltage generating means rectified an AC pulsed high-voltage obtained by a transformer by means of a high-voltage rectifier so as to generate the negative high-voltage pulses.
5. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the high-voltage generating means comprises an electromagnetic inductive coil of resonance type or non-resonance type so as to generate the negative high-voltage pulses.
6. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the contact element comprises a glass tube with an electrode coated on one end and depressurized air or another gas sealed in the glass tube.
7. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the contact element comprises a glass tube in which depressurized air or another gas and an electrode are sealed inside the glass tube.
8. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the contact element comprises a glass tube in which depressurized air or another gas is sealed inside and a metal deposition electrode is formed on an inner wall of the glass tube.
9. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the contact element comprises a metal plate, foil or net which is coated with an insulating material.
10. An apparatus for reducing an oxidized skin tissue, which comprises:
(A) a high-voltage pulse generating means for generating negative high-voltage pulses, and (8) a contact element comprising (i) a glass tube having a depressurized gas sealed therein and an electrode connected to the high-voltage pulse generating means and (ii) a contact portion attached to a terminal of glass tube, the contact element providing means for applying electrons generated by the negative high-voltage pulses through the glass tube from the contact portion to a surface of an oxidized skin tissue, whereby the oxidized skin tissue is reduced by an electron addition reaction, wherein the high-voltage pulse generating means comprises:
a voltage step-up circuit for stepping up a DC voltage inputted from a DC power source;
a storage capacitor;
a trigger generating circuit;
a thyrister; and a high-voltage transformer.
(A) a high-voltage pulse generating means for generating negative high-voltage pulses, and (8) a contact element comprising (i) a glass tube having a depressurized gas sealed therein and an electrode connected to the high-voltage pulse generating means and (ii) a contact portion attached to a terminal of glass tube, the contact element providing means for applying electrons generated by the negative high-voltage pulses through the glass tube from the contact portion to a surface of an oxidized skin tissue, whereby the oxidized skin tissue is reduced by an electron addition reaction, wherein the high-voltage pulse generating means comprises:
a voltage step-up circuit for stepping up a DC voltage inputted from a DC power source;
a storage capacitor;
a trigger generating circuit;
a thyrister; and a high-voltage transformer.
11. A method for reducing an oxidized skin tissue, which comprises:
generating negative high-voltage pulses by a high-voltage pulse generating means which is connected to a contact element;
supplying the negative high-voltage pulses into the contact element, thereby generating electrons having negative charge in the contact element; and applying the electrode to a surface of the oxidized skin tissue through a contact portion of the contact element to reduce the oxidized skin tissue.
generating negative high-voltage pulses by a high-voltage pulse generating means which is connected to a contact element;
supplying the negative high-voltage pulses into the contact element, thereby generating electrons having negative charge in the contact element; and applying the electrode to a surface of the oxidized skin tissue through a contact portion of the contact element to reduce the oxidized skin tissue.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2981893 | 1993-01-26 | ||
| JP29818/1993 | 1993-01-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2109645A1 CA2109645A1 (en) | 1994-07-27 |
| CA2109645C true CA2109645C (en) | 2000-10-31 |
Family
ID=12286608
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002109645A Expired - Fee Related CA2109645C (en) | 1993-01-26 | 1993-11-22 | Method and apparatus to reduce skin tissue |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR100191905B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1094975A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU668439B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2109645C (en) |
| DK (1) | DK171114B1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI940252A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2274397B (en) |
| NO (1) | NO315457B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2753385B1 (en) * | 1996-09-18 | 1999-01-08 | Donin De Rosiere Catherine Ali | AESTHETIC SKIN TREATMENT ELECTRODE AND ELECTRICAL PULSE GENERATOR EQUIPPED WITH SUCH ELECTRODE |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2073428A (en) * | 1931-02-20 | 1937-03-09 | Schmid Alfred | Electric high-tension apparatus, particularly for medical purposes |
| GB1479734A (en) * | 1974-07-15 | 1977-07-13 | Morle C | Electromedical apparatus |
| CH617590A5 (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1980-06-13 | Carba Ag | |
| GB2097258B (en) * | 1980-06-13 | 1985-02-20 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Low frequency therapeutic device |
| EP0317451A1 (en) * | 1987-11-16 | 1989-05-24 | Oscar Klein | Electronic pulse generator for facial applicators, and method of producing it |
-
1993
- 1993-11-22 CA CA002109645A patent/CA2109645C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-27 KR KR1019930025545A patent/KR100191905B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-12-03 GB GB9324815A patent/GB2274397B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-14 NO NO19934599A patent/NO315457B1/en unknown
- 1993-12-24 AU AU52709/93A patent/AU668439B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1994
- 1994-01-10 CN CN94101072A patent/CN1094975A/en active Pending
- 1994-01-18 FI FI940252A patent/FI940252A/en unknown
- 1994-01-24 DK DK010794A patent/DK171114B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DK171114B1 (en) | 1996-06-17 |
| KR100191905B1 (en) | 1999-06-15 |
| CN1094975A (en) | 1994-11-16 |
| NO315457B1 (en) | 2003-09-08 |
| NO934599L (en) | 1994-07-27 |
| AU5270993A (en) | 1994-08-04 |
| AU668439B2 (en) | 1996-05-02 |
| NO934599D0 (en) | 1993-12-14 |
| KR940018105A (en) | 1994-08-16 |
| CA2109645A1 (en) | 1994-07-27 |
| FI940252A0 (en) | 1994-01-18 |
| GB9324815D0 (en) | 1994-01-19 |
| FI940252A (en) | 1994-07-27 |
| DK10794A (en) | 1994-07-27 |
| GB2274397A (en) | 1994-07-27 |
| GB2274397B (en) | 1997-01-29 |
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