CA2107966A1 - Compositions comprising demilitarized energetic materials (demex) - Google Patents
Compositions comprising demilitarized energetic materials (demex)Info
- Publication number
- CA2107966A1 CA2107966A1 CA002107966A CA2107966A CA2107966A1 CA 2107966 A1 CA2107966 A1 CA 2107966A1 CA 002107966 A CA002107966 A CA 002107966A CA 2107966 A CA2107966 A CA 2107966A CA 2107966 A1 CA2107966 A1 CA 2107966A1
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- component
- weight percent
- emulsion
- ranges
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 polybutyldiene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octogen Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HZTVIZREFBBQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene;[3-nitrooxy-2,2-bis(nitrooxymethyl)propyl] nitrate Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O HZTVIZREFBBQMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- QATDBNCKQMIHIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K C1([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=C1[O-].[Al+3].C1([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=C1[O-].C1([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=C1[O-] Chemical class C1([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=C1[O-].[Al+3].C1([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=C1[O-].C1([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=C1[O-] QATDBNCKQMIHIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011246 composite particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony pentoxide Chemical compound O=[Sb](=O)O[Sb](=O)=O LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc nitrate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ONDPHDOFVYQSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940090898 Desensitizer Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000028 HMX Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000024 RDX Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004811 liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M perchlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical class OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0091—Elimination of undesirable or temporary components of an intermediate or finished product, e.g. making porous or low density products, purifying, stabilising, drying; Deactivating; Reclaiming
Abstract
ABSTRACT
"COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING DEMILITARIZED ENERGETIC MATERIALS (DEMEX)"
The present invention is directed toward the redirected use of energetic materials formerly used for military purposes that can be advantageously combined with other materials to form commercial explosives.
"COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING DEMILITARIZED ENERGETIC MATERIALS (DEMEX)"
The present invention is directed toward the redirected use of energetic materials formerly used for military purposes that can be advantageously combined with other materials to form commercial explosives.
Description
~7~ ~ET 37239 COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING DEMILITARIZED
ENERGETIC MATERIALS (DE~X) BACKGROUND
The present invention is directed to compositions of commercial explosives comprising demilitarized energetic materials and the redirected use of the military energetic materials for use as commercial explosives.
As is well known in recent events, there has been a deemphasis on stock-piling energetic materials for military uses. In addition to the deemphasis of stock-piling energetic materials for the military, it has been a problem for some time disposing of aged materials that are adjudged less than desirable for military specifications. Past experience has restricted disposal to controlled incineration open air burning and open air detonation.
Due to environmental concerns, open air disposal is not a desirable alternative to disposing of excess military energetic materials.
As a consequence, a different means of disposing and/or using these materials is needed since antiquated disposal means and increasing inventories require that something be done. Historically, it has been inappropriate for a variety of reasons not to usé military stock-piles of energetic materials in a sustained commercial setting.
Presently, attempts to reduce inventories by incineration in controlled release burner has proven slow due to the small flow through when compared to the large stock-piles and an ever ~35 ~increasing inventory of aged materials. Therefore, there is a large demand for a solution to this problem. The present invention applies commercial means of producing commercial explosives; by introducing into these means the stream of military energetic materials, heretofore unknown in sustained commercial operations.
~40 The compositions of present invention are found useful when employed for the purpose of commercial explosives, such as energy increase, cost reduction, and control of the shock to gas energy ratio.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The composition of commercial explosives comprised of demilitarized energetic materials consisting of members selected from the group perchlorates, RDX, trinitrotoluene ("TNT"), HMX, PETN, aluminum, picrates, single and/or multi-based propellants, comprising no single or multi perforations and geometries, combinations thereof and therebetween and those energetic materials disclosed in "Engineering Design Handbook: Explosives Series Properties of Explosives of Military Interest" publication no. Ad-764 340, published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, published January 1971 and "Demilitarization/Disposal Handbook Volume 1, Demilitarization Disposal Inventory" compiled by JOCG Munitions Demilitarization/Disposal Sub-Group Sept. 30, 1991, herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Not all the demilitarized energetic materials (hereinafter "Demex") are in pure form. Generally, Demex is a combination of materials and/or blends of energetic and nonenergetic materials. Examples of energetic ~25 materials are disclosed hereinabove, examples of nonenergetic materials are binders such as vaseline, polyisobutylene, polybutyldiene, polyurethanes, waxes; salts such as nitrate salts especially the metal nitrate salts; and desensitizers such as polymers, vaseline, wax, dibutylpthylate, and phlegmatizers.
~30 Demex is provided in a variety of military combined weapon forms, such as missiles, mines, bombs, warheads, shells, other geometrlcal forms, as well as unformed material. Demex comes in various shapes, sizes, compositions, and reactivities which can -35~ become a part of the calculus for determining a potential r`1 ~ ~
f~ ~ulation for commercial explosives. Some shapes may be tubular, extruded tubular, honeycomb, crystalline and/or fine powders, amorphous, composites, slurries thereof and combinations thereof and therebetween. Particle size can be an important criteria for formulations governing sensitivity, energy release, and shock/gas energy partition. Particle size of crystallites in the composite and the composite itself may range from about 2 microns to several centimeters in diameter. Preferably, from about .1 millimeter to about 20 millimeters, most preferably, from about 1 millimeter to about 10 millimeters. Reactivities range from unconfined linear burn rates of several centimeters per second to over 8 kilometers per second. Preferably, about 0.5 to 8 kilometers per second, most preferably, about 0.5 to 7 kilometers per second, dependent upon the composition of the formulation density of the Demex, and formulated shock to gas energy partition needed in the final commercial explosive. Densities of the Demex range from about .1 to 3 grams per cubic centimeter, preferably from about 1 to 1.9, and most preferably 1.2 to 1.5 grams per cubic centimeters.
Compositions o~ commercial explosives and Demex comprising a combination of matrix, Demex, and remaining materials selected from nitrate salts, organic materials, stabilizers, density reducing media, various metals such as aluminum and metal forms, nonmetal components such as sulfur, metalloids such as ferrosilicon, combinations thereof and therebetween. The matrix comprises any emulsion, emulsion and AN prill or ANF0 blends, gelled slurry, gelled slurry and prill or ANF0 blends, dry blasting agent, or dynamite as described in U.S. Serial No. 07/866,023 entitled "Sensitizer and Use" filed April 9, 1992 herein incorporated by reference as filed. The composition ranges from about 1 to 99 weight percent in matrix, about 1 to 99 weight percent Demex, and optionally the remaining materials from a~out 0 to 50 weight percent. Preferably, about 10 to 95 weight percent matrix, about 5 to 90 weight percent Demex, about 0 to 50 weight-percent of the ` remaining material, and most preferably 30 to 80 weight percent matrix, 20 to 70 weight percent Demex, and 0 to 10 weight percent remaining materials.
~ -3 A method of use wherein Demex materials are combined with matrix materials and nonenergetic materials which when co~bined provide a composition for better control of dstonation such as improved shock to heave ratios commercial explosives providing therefor, a means of disposal inventories of demilitarized energetic materials and providing a resource of raw materials for commercial explosives.
,,, DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following descriptions are intended to further illustrate the invention disclosed herein and are not intended to limit the scope thereof.
.; ,.
,.j ,, :
70 weight percent matrix consisting of 51.84 weight percent ammonium nitrate, 12.56 weight percent water, .7 weight percent surfactant or stabilizer 5692E (obtained from the Lubrizol Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio), and 4.9 weight percent oil (the percentages of the matrix may be normalized) is combined by ~l mechanically mixing in a Gelmaster with 30 weight percent single base smokeless powder. The combination is mixed until homogeneous for about 3 minutes. The combination is then packaged or transferred for bulk delivery.
' The remaining Examples were admixed similarly to Example 1, only their relative proportions wer~ changed.
;.~
In Table 1 are Examples comprising specific Demex samples of the formulations. In Table 2 are Examples of Demex samples in slurry combination.
35 ~`
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~ i ',' ~`~ FORMULA % SINGEE BASE % EMULSION % PRILLSDETONATION
-. 5 SMOKELESS PROPERTIES
POWDER
` 1 20.0 80.0 - 4,000 "' 10 2 25.0 75.0 - 4,300 7,000 ~ 12,soo ; 14,500 ... .
4 40.0 60.0 - 16,000 30.0 40.0 30.0 16,400 6 20.0 60.0 20.0 7,500 7 20.0 40.0 40.0 12,000 8 30.0 35.0 35.0 15,000 9 30.0 70.0 - 16j700 30.0 70.0 - 15,000 11 30.0 70.0 - 15,000 ~ ' .
25 In Table 1 the single base smokeless powder was analyzed by liquid ~ chromatography comprising 85% nitrocotton, 10% dinitrotoluene, 4%
i;z dibutyl phthalate, 1% diphenylamine all by weight percent. The :i ;i`j~i` emulsion matrix was APEX 1000 - 92% ammonium nitrate (AN) and water in a ratio of 80.5 to 19.5, 7% oil (mineral oil), 1% surfactant ~5692E obtained from the Lubrizol Corporation), all by weight percent. Examples 1 through 8 comprised single based smokeless powder with .013 inch particle in diameter, Example 9 particle size was .016 inch in diameter. Detonation properties were measured in feet per second in five inch diameters for all Examples and 4 inch diameters for Examples 2 and 3 (four inch for first sample in each ; Example 2 and 3, with five inch for the other samples). The single base smokeless powder pellets in Example 10 was .023 inches and in Example 11 was .037 inches in diameter.
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-~ TABLE 2 FORMULA % SINGLE BASE % AN/SNDETONATION
SMOKELESS POWDER SLURRY PROPERTIES
MATRIX
12 20.0 80.0 Failed 13 25.0 75.0 ~4,000 Failed -14 30.0 70.0 14,200 8,000 .~, 15 30.0 70.0 14,200 ,! The units for detonation properties are the same as above.
`, 15 Basically, the difference between Examples 12 through 15 and Examples 1 through 11 is that the ~ormer are in ammonium nitrate/sodium nitrate slurry matrix (22 weight percent water).
Example 15 is a slurry of 20% water. Failed means failure to initiate. In Example 13, the first sample had a 5 inch diameter, the second a three inch diameter. In Example 14, the first sample ! had a 5 inch diameter, the second a three inch diameter. The ~, chemical analysis, by wet chemical methods such as Carl Fisher $ analysis for water, methylene chloride extraction for the oil _ ~1 phase, residue analysis for the solids, and liquid chromatography, .," 25 of the slurry for Examples 12 through 14 was 56.95% AN, 17.66% SN, `'l 22.82% ~ater, .195% zinc nitrate, 1.45% ethylene glycol, .88% GUAR
~l 2638 (obtained from Rhone-Polenc), .022% antimony pentoxide all by weight. Respectively, the composition of Example 15 was 59.30%, ,~ 18.14~, 20.0%, .20%, 1.45~, .80%, and .022%.
.~ 30 .~j Additional formulations comprise a matrix of emulsion, emulsion/AN prill blend, emulsion/ANF0 blend, gelled slurry based on AN/water or AN/SN/water or AN/CN/water where SN is sodium nitrate and CN is calcium nitrate, gelled slurry/AN prill blend, , 35 ~ gelled slurry/ANFO blend, gelled slurry/emulsion blend, dynamites rjl and dry biasting agents, wherein the matrix is combined with Demex .
., .
'i, 1 ~ 2la7s66 tas recited hereinabove), microballoons, chemical gassing, tigger, and other density reducing mediums. Preferred formulations .~, comprise Demex material from single and/or multi-based propellants ~' with no single and/or multi-perforations, perchlorate based propellants, RDX, TNT, HMX, PETN, pentolite, and composites thereof.
i', `1 ,~
. . ~
, , j, . .
' .
~1 ~ ,.
~ ~ ` " ":
, 1 . . .
.
~: 7
ENERGETIC MATERIALS (DE~X) BACKGROUND
The present invention is directed to compositions of commercial explosives comprising demilitarized energetic materials and the redirected use of the military energetic materials for use as commercial explosives.
As is well known in recent events, there has been a deemphasis on stock-piling energetic materials for military uses. In addition to the deemphasis of stock-piling energetic materials for the military, it has been a problem for some time disposing of aged materials that are adjudged less than desirable for military specifications. Past experience has restricted disposal to controlled incineration open air burning and open air detonation.
Due to environmental concerns, open air disposal is not a desirable alternative to disposing of excess military energetic materials.
As a consequence, a different means of disposing and/or using these materials is needed since antiquated disposal means and increasing inventories require that something be done. Historically, it has been inappropriate for a variety of reasons not to usé military stock-piles of energetic materials in a sustained commercial setting.
Presently, attempts to reduce inventories by incineration in controlled release burner has proven slow due to the small flow through when compared to the large stock-piles and an ever ~35 ~increasing inventory of aged materials. Therefore, there is a large demand for a solution to this problem. The present invention applies commercial means of producing commercial explosives; by introducing into these means the stream of military energetic materials, heretofore unknown in sustained commercial operations.
~40 The compositions of present invention are found useful when employed for the purpose of commercial explosives, such as energy increase, cost reduction, and control of the shock to gas energy ratio.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The composition of commercial explosives comprised of demilitarized energetic materials consisting of members selected from the group perchlorates, RDX, trinitrotoluene ("TNT"), HMX, PETN, aluminum, picrates, single and/or multi-based propellants, comprising no single or multi perforations and geometries, combinations thereof and therebetween and those energetic materials disclosed in "Engineering Design Handbook: Explosives Series Properties of Explosives of Military Interest" publication no. Ad-764 340, published by the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, published January 1971 and "Demilitarization/Disposal Handbook Volume 1, Demilitarization Disposal Inventory" compiled by JOCG Munitions Demilitarization/Disposal Sub-Group Sept. 30, 1991, herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Not all the demilitarized energetic materials (hereinafter "Demex") are in pure form. Generally, Demex is a combination of materials and/or blends of energetic and nonenergetic materials. Examples of energetic ~25 materials are disclosed hereinabove, examples of nonenergetic materials are binders such as vaseline, polyisobutylene, polybutyldiene, polyurethanes, waxes; salts such as nitrate salts especially the metal nitrate salts; and desensitizers such as polymers, vaseline, wax, dibutylpthylate, and phlegmatizers.
~30 Demex is provided in a variety of military combined weapon forms, such as missiles, mines, bombs, warheads, shells, other geometrlcal forms, as well as unformed material. Demex comes in various shapes, sizes, compositions, and reactivities which can -35~ become a part of the calculus for determining a potential r`1 ~ ~
f~ ~ulation for commercial explosives. Some shapes may be tubular, extruded tubular, honeycomb, crystalline and/or fine powders, amorphous, composites, slurries thereof and combinations thereof and therebetween. Particle size can be an important criteria for formulations governing sensitivity, energy release, and shock/gas energy partition. Particle size of crystallites in the composite and the composite itself may range from about 2 microns to several centimeters in diameter. Preferably, from about .1 millimeter to about 20 millimeters, most preferably, from about 1 millimeter to about 10 millimeters. Reactivities range from unconfined linear burn rates of several centimeters per second to over 8 kilometers per second. Preferably, about 0.5 to 8 kilometers per second, most preferably, about 0.5 to 7 kilometers per second, dependent upon the composition of the formulation density of the Demex, and formulated shock to gas energy partition needed in the final commercial explosive. Densities of the Demex range from about .1 to 3 grams per cubic centimeter, preferably from about 1 to 1.9, and most preferably 1.2 to 1.5 grams per cubic centimeters.
Compositions o~ commercial explosives and Demex comprising a combination of matrix, Demex, and remaining materials selected from nitrate salts, organic materials, stabilizers, density reducing media, various metals such as aluminum and metal forms, nonmetal components such as sulfur, metalloids such as ferrosilicon, combinations thereof and therebetween. The matrix comprises any emulsion, emulsion and AN prill or ANF0 blends, gelled slurry, gelled slurry and prill or ANF0 blends, dry blasting agent, or dynamite as described in U.S. Serial No. 07/866,023 entitled "Sensitizer and Use" filed April 9, 1992 herein incorporated by reference as filed. The composition ranges from about 1 to 99 weight percent in matrix, about 1 to 99 weight percent Demex, and optionally the remaining materials from a~out 0 to 50 weight percent. Preferably, about 10 to 95 weight percent matrix, about 5 to 90 weight percent Demex, about 0 to 50 weight-percent of the ` remaining material, and most preferably 30 to 80 weight percent matrix, 20 to 70 weight percent Demex, and 0 to 10 weight percent remaining materials.
~ -3 A method of use wherein Demex materials are combined with matrix materials and nonenergetic materials which when co~bined provide a composition for better control of dstonation such as improved shock to heave ratios commercial explosives providing therefor, a means of disposal inventories of demilitarized energetic materials and providing a resource of raw materials for commercial explosives.
,,, DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following descriptions are intended to further illustrate the invention disclosed herein and are not intended to limit the scope thereof.
.; ,.
,.j ,, :
70 weight percent matrix consisting of 51.84 weight percent ammonium nitrate, 12.56 weight percent water, .7 weight percent surfactant or stabilizer 5692E (obtained from the Lubrizol Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio), and 4.9 weight percent oil (the percentages of the matrix may be normalized) is combined by ~l mechanically mixing in a Gelmaster with 30 weight percent single base smokeless powder. The combination is mixed until homogeneous for about 3 minutes. The combination is then packaged or transferred for bulk delivery.
' The remaining Examples were admixed similarly to Example 1, only their relative proportions wer~ changed.
;.~
In Table 1 are Examples comprising specific Demex samples of the formulations. In Table 2 are Examples of Demex samples in slurry combination.
35 ~`
v .
~ 4 'I
.,.
.
~ i ',' ~`~ FORMULA % SINGEE BASE % EMULSION % PRILLSDETONATION
-. 5 SMOKELESS PROPERTIES
POWDER
` 1 20.0 80.0 - 4,000 "' 10 2 25.0 75.0 - 4,300 7,000 ~ 12,soo ; 14,500 ... .
4 40.0 60.0 - 16,000 30.0 40.0 30.0 16,400 6 20.0 60.0 20.0 7,500 7 20.0 40.0 40.0 12,000 8 30.0 35.0 35.0 15,000 9 30.0 70.0 - 16j700 30.0 70.0 - 15,000 11 30.0 70.0 - 15,000 ~ ' .
25 In Table 1 the single base smokeless powder was analyzed by liquid ~ chromatography comprising 85% nitrocotton, 10% dinitrotoluene, 4%
i;z dibutyl phthalate, 1% diphenylamine all by weight percent. The :i ;i`j~i` emulsion matrix was APEX 1000 - 92% ammonium nitrate (AN) and water in a ratio of 80.5 to 19.5, 7% oil (mineral oil), 1% surfactant ~5692E obtained from the Lubrizol Corporation), all by weight percent. Examples 1 through 8 comprised single based smokeless powder with .013 inch particle in diameter, Example 9 particle size was .016 inch in diameter. Detonation properties were measured in feet per second in five inch diameters for all Examples and 4 inch diameters for Examples 2 and 3 (four inch for first sample in each ; Example 2 and 3, with five inch for the other samples). The single base smokeless powder pellets in Example 10 was .023 inches and in Example 11 was .037 inches in diameter.
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~ !
7 n~
-~ TABLE 2 FORMULA % SINGLE BASE % AN/SNDETONATION
SMOKELESS POWDER SLURRY PROPERTIES
MATRIX
12 20.0 80.0 Failed 13 25.0 75.0 ~4,000 Failed -14 30.0 70.0 14,200 8,000 .~, 15 30.0 70.0 14,200 ,! The units for detonation properties are the same as above.
`, 15 Basically, the difference between Examples 12 through 15 and Examples 1 through 11 is that the ~ormer are in ammonium nitrate/sodium nitrate slurry matrix (22 weight percent water).
Example 15 is a slurry of 20% water. Failed means failure to initiate. In Example 13, the first sample had a 5 inch diameter, the second a three inch diameter. In Example 14, the first sample ! had a 5 inch diameter, the second a three inch diameter. The ~, chemical analysis, by wet chemical methods such as Carl Fisher $ analysis for water, methylene chloride extraction for the oil _ ~1 phase, residue analysis for the solids, and liquid chromatography, .," 25 of the slurry for Examples 12 through 14 was 56.95% AN, 17.66% SN, `'l 22.82% ~ater, .195% zinc nitrate, 1.45% ethylene glycol, .88% GUAR
~l 2638 (obtained from Rhone-Polenc), .022% antimony pentoxide all by weight. Respectively, the composition of Example 15 was 59.30%, ,~ 18.14~, 20.0%, .20%, 1.45~, .80%, and .022%.
.~ 30 .~j Additional formulations comprise a matrix of emulsion, emulsion/AN prill blend, emulsion/ANF0 blend, gelled slurry based on AN/water or AN/SN/water or AN/CN/water where SN is sodium nitrate and CN is calcium nitrate, gelled slurry/AN prill blend, , 35 ~ gelled slurry/ANFO blend, gelled slurry/emulsion blend, dynamites rjl and dry biasting agents, wherein the matrix is combined with Demex .
., .
'i, 1 ~ 2la7s66 tas recited hereinabove), microballoons, chemical gassing, tigger, and other density reducing mediums. Preferred formulations .~, comprise Demex material from single and/or multi-based propellants ~' with no single and/or multi-perforations, perchlorate based propellants, RDX, TNT, HMX, PETN, pentolite, and composites thereof.
i', `1 ,~
. . ~
, , j, . .
' .
~1 ~ ,.
~ ~ ` " ":
, 1 . . .
.
~: 7
Claims (18)
1. A composition comprising components ranging from about 1 to 99 weight percent of component A combined with component B
ranging from about 1 to 99 weight percent and combined with component C ranging from about 0 to 50 weight percent, wherein component A is matrix material selected from the group consisting of emulsion, emulsion/AN prill blends, emulsion/ANFO blends, gelled slurry, slurry prill blends, slurry ANFO blends, dry blasting agent, dynamite, combinations thereof and/or therebetween, wherein composition B is Demex material selected from the group consisting of perchlorates, RDX, trinitrotoluene, HMX, PETN, aluminum picrates, single and/or multi-based propellants, with none, single, or multi perforations, combinations thereof and/or therebetween, and wherein component C is nonenergetic materials selected from the group consisting of vaseline, polyisobutylene, polybutyldiene, polyurethanes, waxes, nitrate salts, polymers, dibutylpthylate, phlegmatizers, density reducing mediums, aluminum, ferrosilicon, and combinations thereof and/or therebetween.
ranging from about 1 to 99 weight percent and combined with component C ranging from about 0 to 50 weight percent, wherein component A is matrix material selected from the group consisting of emulsion, emulsion/AN prill blends, emulsion/ANFO blends, gelled slurry, slurry prill blends, slurry ANFO blends, dry blasting agent, dynamite, combinations thereof and/or therebetween, wherein composition B is Demex material selected from the group consisting of perchlorates, RDX, trinitrotoluene, HMX, PETN, aluminum picrates, single and/or multi-based propellants, with none, single, or multi perforations, combinations thereof and/or therebetween, and wherein component C is nonenergetic materials selected from the group consisting of vaseline, polyisobutylene, polybutyldiene, polyurethanes, waxes, nitrate salts, polymers, dibutylpthylate, phlegmatizers, density reducing mediums, aluminum, ferrosilicon, and combinations thereof and/or therebetween.
2. The composition of Claim 1 wherein composition A ranges from about 20 to 80 weight percent, composition B ranges from about 20 to 80 weight percent, and composition C ranges from about 0 to 50 weight percent.
3. The composition of Claim 1 wherein composition A ranges from about 30 to 80 weight percent, composition B ranges from about 20 to 70 weight percent, and composition C ranges from about 0 to 30 weight percent.
4. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said A component, B
component, and C component comprise a composite.
component, and C component comprise a composite.
5. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said components comprise crystallites of a defined particle size wherein said particle size ranges from about 2 microns to greater than 10 millimeters in diameter.
6. The composition of Claim 5 wherein said crystallite size ranges from about 1 millimeter to about 10 millimeters.
7. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said components react within a reactivity range wherein said range comprises unconfined linear burn rates of several centimeters per second to over 8 kilometers per second.
8. The composition of Claim 7 wherein said reactivity range comprises about 0.5 to 8 kilometers per second.
9. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said component B
comprises a density of about .1 to 3 grams per cubic centimeter.
comprises a density of about .1 to 3 grams per cubic centimeter.
10. The composition of Claim 9 wherein said component B
comprises a density of about 1.2 to 1.5 grams per cubic centimeters.
comprises a density of about 1.2 to 1.5 grams per cubic centimeters.
11. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said composition is a commercial explosive.
12. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said component B is Demex material comprised of energetic materials selected from the group consisting of missiles, mines, bombs, warheads, shells, combinations thereof and/or therebetween.
13. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said component A is selected from the group consisting of emulsion, emulsion/AN prill blend, emulsion/ANFO blend, gelled slurry based on AN/water, gelled slurry based on AN/SN/water, gelled slurry based on AN/CN/water, gelled slurry/AN prill blend, gelled slurry/ANFO blend, gelled slurry/emulsion blend, dynamite and dry blasting agents, and combinations thereof and/or therebetween.
14. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said component C is selected from the group consisting of microballoons, chemical gassing, tigger, and combinations thereof and/or therebetween.
15. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said component B is selected from the group consisting of RDX, TNT, HMX, PETN, pentolite, and combinations thereof and/or therebetween.
16. A method of use wherein a composition of matrix materials, Demex materials, and nonenergetic materials are combined and used as commercial explosives.
17. The method in Claim 16 wherein said use is a means of disposal for inventories of demilitarized energetic materials.
18. The composition of Claim 1 wherein said composite particle size ranges from about 2 microns to 10 centimeter.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US96152092A | 1992-10-15 | 1992-10-15 | |
| US961520/07 | 1992-10-15 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2107966A1 true CA2107966A1 (en) | 1994-06-25 |
Family
ID=25504580
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002107966A Abandoned CA2107966A1 (en) | 1992-10-15 | 1993-10-07 | Compositions comprising demilitarized energetic materials (demex) |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2107966A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9306389A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA937387B (en) |
| ZM (1) | ZM5293A1 (en) |
| ZW (1) | ZW13093A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997006122A1 (en) * | 1995-08-03 | 1997-02-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Enhanced performance blasting agent |
-
1993
- 1993-10-05 ZA ZA937387A patent/ZA937387B/en unknown
- 1993-10-07 ZW ZW13093A patent/ZW13093A1/en unknown
- 1993-10-07 CA CA002107966A patent/CA2107966A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-10-14 MX MX9306389A patent/MX9306389A/en unknown
- 1993-10-15 ZM ZM5293A patent/ZM5293A1/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1997006122A1 (en) * | 1995-08-03 | 1997-02-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Enhanced performance blasting agent |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX9306389A (en) | 1994-05-31 |
| ZW13093A1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
| ZA937387B (en) | 1994-05-19 |
| ZM5293A1 (en) | 1994-04-25 |
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