CA2100269C - Use of 1, 3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues in the treatment of hepatitis b - Google Patents
Use of 1, 3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues in the treatment of hepatitis bInfo
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- CA2100269C CA2100269C CA002100269A CA2100269A CA2100269C CA 2100269 C CA2100269 C CA 2100269C CA 002100269 A CA002100269 A CA 002100269A CA 2100269 A CA2100269 A CA 2100269A CA 2100269 C CA2100269 C CA 2100269C
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
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- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
Use of a Use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically accept able derivative thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of hepatitis B is disclosed.
Description
W092/11852 PCT/CA92~ ~1 ... .
USE OF 1,3-OXATHIOLANE NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES IN THE
TREATMENT OF HEPATITIS B
The present invention relates to the use of nucleoside analogues in the treatment of viral infections. Morc specifically it is concerncd with the use of 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues in the trea~ment of hep~ti~i~, in particular hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B is a viral disease transmitted orally or parenterally by contaminated material such as blood and blood products, contaminated needles, sexually and vertically from infectcd or carrier mothers to their off-spring. In those arcas of the world where the disease is common vertical tr~ncmission at an early age results in a high l,lopGllion of infccted individuals becoming chronic carriers of hepa~ B. There are an es~imst~A 280,000,000 carriers of hepdlilis B worldwide.
At the present time there arc no efrc~;ti~c che."otl-e.~ ic agents for the t~eatment of hep~itic B infections.
A number of nucleoside derivatives have been described as having activity against the hepatitis B vjrus.
EPA 0206497 describes a number of 2',3'-dideoxy purine and pyrimidine nucleosides with antivi~l activity including activity against the hep,~ ;c B virus.
EPA 0302760 describes thc use of 2',3'-didcoxy purine nuclcosidcs for the tl~at."ent of hep~titis B inr~lions.
WO 90/14079 describes the trcatment of hepatitis B by administration of 2' ,3 '-didcoxyc~lidine.
WO 90/14091 dcscribes the treatment of hepatitis B by administration of 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine, 2',3'~ideoxy adenosine or 2',3'-dideoxyinosine.
European patent application publication number 0 382 526 describes a series of 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues having antiviral activity, in particularactivity against HIV, the causative agent of A~DS.
PCT patent application publication number WO 91/ 17159 describes the compound (2R,cis)-4-amino- 1 -(2-hydroxymethyl- 1 ,3-oxathiolanes-yl)-( 1 H)-pyrimidin-2-one (also known as 3TC) and its use in the treatment of HIV infections.
3TC is the (-)-enantiomer of one of the compounds (BCH-189) described in EPA
0382526. We have now found that BCH-lg9 and its individual enantiomers, inrln-ling 3TC, are active both in vitro and in vivo against the hf p~ B virus.
The invention accordingly provides, in a first aspect, a method for the treatment of an animal, incl.l~lin~ man, infected with or ~uscc~ible to infection with the hep~ti~i~ B virus comprising the ~lministration of an effective amount of a CO~ OU"~ of formula (~) N~
O N
HOH2 1~~
orapha~ ly?~ p~'ledf.i~ thereof.
In a further or ~1~ . "~ , aspect there is l,lo.ided a co..,~u.,d of formula (I)as ~Pfin~A hereinabove or a pl~..,aceutic~lly ac~ept~ble d~i~ thereof for use inthe manufacture of a ...~Ai~ 1 for the ~ e ~l of k. p~l;l;~ B.
As will be ap~l~cia~d by those skilled in the art l~fe,~,nces herein to ll.,a~ ent extend to prophylaxis as well as to the treatment of established infections or As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art the co-..pound of formula (I)is a cis co"~l>. w-d and co~ l~;n~ two chiral centres (shown in formula (I) by *). Thus the compound exists as two enantiomers, compounds of formulae (Ia) and (Ib) ~;"~c~,~ely.
Wo 92/11852 PCr/CA92/0000l ,._ ~ I I
O~N (Ia) O ~ (Ib) HOH2C ~ HOH2C/",< ~,"
The coulpou~d of formula (I) is prcferably in the form of a racemic Illh~ c or its (-)-enqntir~m~or but a ~ un, of col~poul~ds of formulae (Ia) and (Ib) in any ratio may be employed in the invention.
Thc colll~,o.,nd of formula (I) has the chemic~l name _-4-amino-1-(2-h~dlo~l,.clllyl-1,3-o.~-hi~ -S-yl)-(lH)-pyrimidin-2-one. It is also known as BCH-189. The (-)-e~ntio-mer has the ch~m~ l name (-)-cis-4-amino-1-(2-hy~x~ e~ 3-o~thiolan-S-yl)-(lH)-py~imirlin-2-onc and has thc absolute sh,eocl~e ~;ctry of thc co...pou. d of formula (Ib) which has the name (2R,cis)4-amino-1-(2-hydru,L~...etl.~l-1,3-oY~thi~ n-5-yl)-(lH)-pyrimidin-2-one. It is also known as 3TC.
Preferably when the (-)-enqntiQmer is employed it will bc sub~nl;~lly free of the COl~SpO~ (+)-e.n~'lti~mer, that is to say no more than about 5% w/w of the (+) e,~ ~ o",e,r, preferably no more than about 2%, in particular less than about 1%
w/w will be present.
By the term "pharmaceutically acceptable derivative" is meant any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or salt of cuch ester, of a compound offormula (1) or any other colnpo.~lld which, upon ~iminis~ation to the recipient, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound of formula (1) or an antivirally active metabolite or residue thereof.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the compounds of formula(1) may be modified, to provide pharm~ce~ltir~lly acceptable derivatives thereof, at functional groups in both the base moiety and at the hydroxymethyl group of the oxathiolane ring. Mo lifir~tion at all such functional groups are included within the scope of the invention. However, of particular interest are pharmaceutically WO 92/11852 PCr/CA92/00001 acceptable derivatives (e.g. esters) obtained by mo~lifirA.tion of the 2-hyd~uAy...ell~yl group of the oY~thiol~ne ring.
~fe.l~d esters of the c~ ounds of formula (1) include the o co,llpounds in which OH is replaced by a C~AYI function R-C in which the non-carbonyl moiety R of the ester grouping is selected from hydrogen, straight or ('h~l chain aL~cyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, t-butyl, n-butyl), alkoxyalkyl (e.g.
methoAy.netl"~l), aralkyl (e.g. benzyl), aryloxyalkyl (e.g. ~her~uAynle~ l), aryl (e.g.
phenyl optionally subs~ ~l by halogen, Cl 4 aLkyl or Cl 4 alkoxy); sllb ~
dihydro pyridinyl (e.g. N-lllc~ lihydro ~lid"l~l); s~lphon~ esters such as alkyl-or aralkyl~ hc r.~rl (e.g. methanesulphonyl); sulfate esters, amino acid esters (e.g.
~valyl or ~isoleucyl) and mono-, di- or tri-l,ho r~l-At., esters.
Also included within the scope of such esters are esters derived from poly~ cl;onsl acids such as carboxylic acids contAining more than one C&IbGAY1 group, for example, dic~l~Aylic acids H02C(CH2)nC02H where n is an integer of 1 to 10 (for example, succini( acid) or phosphoric acids. Methods for p~aling such esters are well known. See, for example, Hahn et at., "NuclPoti~e Dimers asAnti H~ n TmmllnoAefiri~pncy Virus Agents", Nllcleotide Analo~ues, pp. 15~159 (1989) and Busso et al., "Nucleotide Dimers Supl,l.,ss HIV Expression In Vitro",AIDS Research and Human Reho.il~,ses, 4(6), pp. 449455 (1988).
With regard to the above described esters, unless otherwise sp~ir,ed, any allyl moiety present ad~ e, oU~l)r co~ ns 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly 1 to 4 carbon atoms and could contain one or more double bon~is. Any aryl moiety present in such esters advantageously co.nplises a phenyl group.
In particular the esters may be a C1 16alkyl ester, an unsubstituted benzoyl ester or a benzoyl ester substituted by at least one halogen (bromine, chlorine,fluorine or iodine), Cl 6alkyl, saturated or unsaturated Cl 6alkoxy, nitro or trifluoromethyl groups.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) include those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of suitable acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, CA 02100269 1998-0~-27 nitrlc, perchlorlc, fumarlc, malelc, phosphorlc, glycolllc, lactlc, sallcyllc, succlnlc, toluene-p-sulphonlc, tartarlc, acetlc, cltrlc, methanesulphonic, formlc, benzolc, malonic, naphthalene-2-sulphonlc and benzenesulphonlc aclds. Other aclds such as oxallc, whlle not ln themselves pharmaceutlcally acceptable, may be useful ln the preparatlon of salts useful as lntermedlates ln obtalnlng the compounds of the lnventlon and thelr pharmaceutlcally acceptable acld addltlon salts.
Salts derlved from appropriate bases lnclude alkall metal (e.g. sodlum), alkallne earth metal (e.g. magneslum), ammonlum and NR4+~where R ls Cl_4alkyl) salts.
References herelnafter to a compound accordlng to the lnventlon lncludes both the compound of formula (I) and lts pharmaceutlcally acceptable derlvatlves.
The compound of formula (I) and lts lndlvldual enantlomers may be prepared by any method known ln the art for the preparatlon of compounds of analogous structure for example by the methods descrlbed ln EPA 0 382 526 or WO
gl/17159.
The compound of formula (I) both as the racemlc mlxture and as the lndlvldual enantlomers has been found to lnhlblt the hepatltls B vlrus both ln vltro and ln vlvo.
It wlll be appreclated that the amount of a compound of the lnventlon requlred for use ln treatment wlll vary not only wlth the partlcular compound selected but also wlth the route of admlnlstratlon, the nature of the condltlon belng treated and the age and condltlon of the patlent and wlll be ~b ..1~
CA 02100269 1998-0~-27 - 5a -ultlmately at the dlscretlon of the attendant physlclan or veterlnarlan. In general however a sultable dose wlll be ln the range of from about 0.1 to about 750mg/kg of bodywelght per day preferably ln the range of 0.5 to 60 mg/kg/day, most preferably ln the range of 1 to 20 mg/kg/day.
The deslred dose may convenlently be presented ln a slngle dose or as dlvlded doses admlnlstered at approprlate lntervals, for example as two, three, four or more sub-doses per day.
The compound ls conveniently admlnistered ln unlt dosage form; for example contalnlng 10 to 1500mg, convenlently 20 to 1000 mg, most convenlently 50 to 700 mg of actlve lngredlent per unlt dosage form.
,,~
WO 92/11852 PCr/CA92/00001 Ideally the active inE,~l;cnt should be ~dmini~tered to achieve peak plasma collccnllations of the active co,.,l,uul,d of from about 1 to about 75 ~M, preferably about 2 to 50 11 M, most p,~fc,ably about 3 to about 30~ M. This may be achieved, for example, by the intravcnous injection of a 0.1 to 5% solution of the active in~dicnl, optionally in saline, or oqally r1n ;n;~t,~ ~d as a bolus conl~ining about 1 to about lOOmg of the active ingl~l;ent. Dcsirable blood levels may be m~int~inPA
by a continuous infusion to provide about 0.01 to about 5.0 mg/kg/hour or by intermittent infusions cont~ining about 0.4 to about 15 mg/kg of the active in~licnL
Whilc it is pos~ibl~ that, for use in ~ , a c.~ d of the invention may bc a~lminiQ~cd as the raw chemical it is ~ f ble to pll.s~rlt the active ingredient as apharmaccutical fo.. lGI;~n A ~h~,l,ac~u~c~ n will CO~ G a co~ of f~ (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof togcthcr with one or more pharrnncel)tic~lly ~e,lable c~l;cl~ Ihe~fo~ and, optionally, other th~lap.,. licand/or ylOphy' - ~tic in~A;P ~-t~ The caIrier(s) must be 'P, ccr t~b!e' in the sense of being co.nr-~l;blPe with the other in~ s of the fo~rnul ~iorl and not deleterious to the recipient thereo~
Pharmac~utir~l form~ tions include those suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, - vaginal or parenteral (inclu~ p intramuscular, sub-cutaneous and intravenous) a~ .alion or in a form suitable for a ln ..~ ion by inhql~tion or insuffl~ion.
The formlllatior-c may, where app~o~liate, be con~eniently ~ scnt,,~ in discretedosage units and may be y~ d by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. All methods include the step of bringing into association the active compound with liquid C~ill;-,l~ or finely divided solid carriers or both and then, if -ecesC~ ~, shaping the product into the desired formulation.
Pharm~ utir~l formnl~tions suitable for oral ~imini~Tation may conveniently be pl.,senled as discrete units such as capsules, cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; as a powder or granules; as a solution, a suspension or as an emulsion. The active ingredient may also be ~.ne~l as a bolus, electuary or paste. Tablets and capsules for oral ~(lmini~tration WO 92/11852 PCr/CA92/00001 may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, fillers, lubricants,disintegrants, or wetting agents. The tablets may be coated according to methodswell known in the art~ Oral liquid ~ A~I;onc may be in the form of, for example,aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, em~lciomc~ syrups or elixirs, or may be l,n,senled as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid ~yalalions may cor,~ con-c ntional additives such as s~s~ ng agents, emulsifying agents, non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), or p~ a~i~es.
The coll ~u~nds according to the invention may also be formulated for parenteral ~dminictration (e.g. by injection, for cxample bolus injection or CQ~ v~ f~C O~) and may bc ~l~ s -nt~ in unit dosc form in ampoules, pre-fi~ed syringes, small volume infusion or in multi-dose containers wi~h an added preservative. The CQ~ ~a ~ e may take such forms as s-~s~ ~;one~ sclutiQnc or emlllsi( nc in oily or aqueous vehirles~ and may cont~in formulatory agents such as a.,~ n~ , st~ ng andlor dis~ ,g agents. ~ ely, the active i~ die,-may be in powder form, obtained by aseptic isolation of sterile solid or by Iyophili~tion from solution, for con~ l;Qn with a suitable vehicle, e.g. sterile, ~,~lo~n-free water, before use.
Pharmn~eutic~l formul~tiQns suit~hle for rectal ;~ministration wherein the carrier is a solid are most preferably l~se ~t~A as unit dose ~u~po~itories. Suitable C≪C.~ in~lude cocoa butter and other m~t,çri91c commonly used in the art, and the ~ul~ositories may be con..e,niently formed by, ~lmi~ture of the active col"poundwith the s~bciled or melted catTier(s) followed by chilllng and shaping in moulds.
Formulations suitable for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, Ia~yons~ creams, gels, pastes, foams or sprays co~t~ining in addition to the active ingredient such carriers as are known in the art to be ay~,o~.,iale.
For intra-nasal ~lminictration the colllpoll"ds of the invention may be used as a liquid spray or dispersible powder or in the form of drops.
Drops may be formulated with an aqueous or non-aqueous base also comprising one more more dispersing agents, solubilising agents or suspending agents. Liquid sprays are conveniently delivered from pl~s~ulised packs.
WO 92/11852 - PCr/CA92/00001 For ~~ l.~on by inhalation the CO~po~ Ac acco~ing to the invention are con~enie~ delivered from an jnc~lfflvtor, nebuliser or a l,.vs~.uised pack or other co..~enienl means of delivering an ae~sol spray. P ~s~ ;ceA packs may co..,p..sv a suitable propellant such as dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlol~,tvl,~fluor~cll.ane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. In the case of a pressurised aerosol the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a .--et~,vd smount ~ lt~,-..zl;~vly, for . ~..;n;-nLIlion by inhsl~stion or i~urnr~;Qn the vol"l,ow~ds accGr~ing to the invention may take the form of a dry powder co..-position, for example a ~.dcr mix of the co--~---.d and a s~ s-b~ .dv base such as lactose or starch. The powder co.n~silion may be ~l~ser,tvd in unit dosage form in, for cxample, c~spsules or cartridges or c.g. gelatin or blister packs from which the.. ~vr may be a~ ~.vd with the aid of an i.~hsl~t~ or i.-~ ~m~tor.
When desired the above described formYlationc adapted to givc c~lctsineA
releasc of thc active i~.~v~;cnl may be employed.
The phann~eutirsl co...l osilions for use in the ~v~vnt invention may also contain other active in~vlienls such as ~sntimi~robial agents, or ~l~vsvl~a~ s.
Suitable form~ tior~c for use in the invention are described for example in EPA 0382526 and WO 91/ 17159.
-The compounds of the in~_.... lion may also be used in combin~tion with other therapeutic agents for example other antiinfective agents. In particular the cQ~ ou ~A~ of the in~v,l~n may be employed t~ll.-, with known an~ l agents.
The combinations referred to above may con~.cnienlly be p.~,serlt~d for use in the form of a pharmaceutical formulation and thus pharmaceutical fonnulations comprising a combination as defined above together with a pharmaceutically nccept~ble carrier tL~.lefo, comp~ise a further aspect of the invention.
The individual colllpolle.lls of such combin~tionc may be ~tlmin.~.le.~d either sv luenlially or simultaneously in sep~te or combined pharmaceutical formulations.
When the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof is used in combination with a second therapeutic agent activeagainst the same virus the dose of each compound may be either the same as or WO 92/11852 PCr/CA92/00001 ."
differ from that when the C~ OL!~ is used alone. Appropriate doses will be readily a~ t~d by those skilled in the art.
The invention is illustrated by the following ex~mples which should not be in~.~..~,t~l as a ~ " ;ol~ of the invenhon.
Example 1 Biolo~ical ActivitY
(A) Newborn ducklings were infected with DHBV. After 5 to 7 days post-inr~ n~ ~L~--p1es of blood were taken from the ~uc~1in~s and examined for DHBV
DNA using dot 1l~3~ ;ol~ with a speeifie DNA probe (Mason et al, Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 79, 3997-400l (1982)). The livers wcre removed from dot-blot v~L~ and used to p.oducc ~ hçp~t~cytc cultures infc~leA with DHBV as ~ usl~ ~es~i~l (T~ t' - ~ - et al, J. of ViroloF,r. 58, 17-25). After 2 days in culturc, an~ al agents were addcd to the culture mcdia. The mcdia were c'~ a-~.,d cvcry 2 days and at ~A nimes, the cells arc ~ lo.ed and the total DNAe~ ,d The DNA spotted on nihrocellulose paper and probed with the 32P-labelled DHBV DNA probe in accordance with the following procedure. The DNA from DHBV-il~fcct~,d l~-~p~toc~t~s was extracted and spotted onto a nitrocellular filter.
The above described 32P-nick translated - DHBV DNA (pDH-010 = DHBV) probe was used. The DNA was extracted from 6-cm cell culture dishes at various times post-pl~in~ In the VC group, cells were harvested at 2, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 and 20 days. Duplicate samples were spotted for days 14, 18 and 20. In drug-treated groups, cells were harvested on days 8, 14 and 20. Drugs were added to the culture at 2 days post-plating and maintained throughout media changes every 2 days. Thetotal intraee~ r DNA was ~Al,~t.,d frcm cells using the standard phenol extraction method. The cells in a 6-cm ~i~meter Petri dish (approximately 5 x 106 cells) were lysed in a Iysis buffer containing 0.2% SDS, 150mM Tris-HCI pH 8.0, lOmM
EDTA, SmM EGTA, and 150mM NaCI. The cell Iysate was digested with 0.5mg/ml of pronase E (available from Sigma) at 37~C for 2 hours and proteini~d by extraction with an equal volume of phenol saturated with 20mM Tris HCl, pH
WO 92/11852 PCr/CA92/00001 7.5, 0.5 mM EDTA and 0.19to 8-lly~l.o~-y~;n~!ine~ ~olu~el~l~ated ~mmoni~lrn acetate (pH 7.0 ~2.5M)) was added to the aqueous phase to yield a 0.25M ammonium acetate solution and the nuGleiG acids werc precipitated with 2 volumes of 100%
ethanol. The pellet of nucleic acid was washed with ethqnQl and dried. The DNA
was dissolved in an SO]lltirn co~ ;n;ng 12.5mM Tris HCl, pH 7.5, 10 mM EDTA, 30% ~ ce.ol and 0.01% bromophenol blue. One twelfth of the DNA sample was spotted onto the nitro~llnlose for dot-blot analysis.
The drugs tested were scored on a scale of 0 (no activity) to ++++ (high activity).
The compounds tested were cis-2-amino-1-(-2-hydroxy-mcthyl-1,3-o~a-hiol~n-5-yl)-(lH)-pyri~idir 2-one (C~s.."~o~n~ of formula (I) both as the racc.ua~ and the (-) G~ l;G~er) and two known inhibitors of l~cp~ ;s B, 2',3'-Ldus.~y-guanosinc(ddG)and2,6 dia~ v~ r. 9 ~-D-2~,3~-didcoA~ )or~noside (ddDAPR)-(European Patent A~ on ~,~ AI;~ No. 0 302 760).
The results are shown in Table 1.
(B) Human Il~ ;s B results (i) Monolayers of Hep G2 cells transfected with human hepatitis B virus in 6-well plates in MEM supplc--- c -te~ with 380~g/ml Geneticin (GIBCO no. 860-18111J, G418 Sulfate) and 10% fetal calf serum were ~ p~,d and the monQl~yers used when the cells were 75% ~..nuc~, or greater.
Stock solutions of drugs were ~ an,d in PBS at lmg/ml. For drugs not soluble to this extent, cither thc ~ ~fi~ion was ~ llcd to 42~~: and ethanol added or the drug dissolved at a lower final con~e~ ation.
Stock solutions of drugs were diluted to final concentrations of 101lg/ml in MEM (su~ m~nte~ as above).
Medium was removed from cell monolayers and replaced with freshly p--,pa.~d medium containing the drugs. 2ml/well and triplicate wells were used for each assay.
The me-lium was removed and replaced with fresh medium containing drugs every second day for 14 days (ie, 7 ch~ng~s of drugs solutions).
CA 02100269 1998-0~-27 Medium was removed from each well and cell~ washed wlth lml PBS. 2ml/well RIPA buffer was added, and cells removed from the wells by scraplng wlth a rubber pollceman.
The cells were then transferred to test tubes.
lml chloroform was added to each tube and mlxed wlth a vortex mlxer. Then lml phenol (saturated with 20mM Trls, lmM EDTA, and 0.1% hydroxyqulnollne) was added to each tube, the tube centrlfuged and lml of aqueous layer removed.
Ammonlum acetate to 0.2M was added and mlxed followed by 2.5 volumes of lce cold ethanol. The mlxture was left at -20~C overnlght to preclpltate the DNA. DNA was pelleted by centrlfugatlon and washed once ln cold ethanol and dried.
The pellet was dlssolved ln 200 ~l of Trls (lOmM) EDTA (lmM) buffer by leavlng overnlght at 4~C and sonlcatlng brlefly (20 seconds). 20 ~l of each sample was dotted on to a nylon membrane and dot hybrldlzed wlth an HBV DNA probe.
RIPA buffer 0.15M NaCl, 1% sodlum deoxycholate, 1% Trlton x 100, 0.1% SDS, O.OlM Trls HCl, pH7.4 The results are shown ln Table 2a.
(11) The method used for thls test ls descrlbed ln deta~l ln Korba et al., Antlvlral Research 15, 217-228, 1992, and summarlzed below.
Hep G2 cells transfected wlth human hepatltls B
Trade-mark ,.~
CA 02100269 1998-0~-27 ... .
- lla -vlrus genomlc DNA (2.2.15 cells) were grown and malntalned ln RPMI1640 culture medlum contalnlng 5% foetal bovlne serum, 2mM
glutamlne and 50 ~g/ml gentamlcin sulphate, and checked routlnely for G418 reslstance. Cultures of 2.2.15 cells were grown to confluence ln 24 well tlssue culture plates and maintained for 2 to 3 days ln that condltlon prlor to drug treatment.
Drugs were dlssolved ln sterile water or sterile 50%
DMS0 ln water at concentratlons 100-fold hlgher than the higher test concentratlon. These solutions were dlluted as needed in culture medium.
The culture medium on the confluent cells was changed 24 hours prior to exposure to test compounds. During the 10 day treatment the culture medium was ,~
Wo 92/t1852 pcr/cA92/ooool changed daily. After 10 days of treatment the culture medium was collected and frozen at.-70~ for HBV DNA analysis.
To analyse extracellular HBV DNA, 0.2ml samples of culture medium were incubated for 20 minutes at 25~ in 1 M NaOH/lOX SSC (lX SSC is 0.15 M
HaCl/0.015 M Sodium Citrate, pH 7.2) and then applied to nitrocellulose membranes presoaked in 20X SSC using a blotting apparatus. Samples were neutralised by washing twice with 0.5ml of 1 M Tris, pH 7.2/2 M NaCI and once with 0.5ml of 20X SSC. Filters were then rinsed in 2X SSC and baked at 80~ for 1hour under ~a;uu~
A purified 3.2 kb EcoRl HBV DNA fr~ment was l~helled with [32P]dCTP
by nick t~ncl~tion and used as a probe to detect HBV DNA on thc dot-blot by DNA
hybridisation. After washing, the hybri~lis~l blot was dried and 32p was ,~ nl;t;~l using an Ambis beta s~ el The results are shown in Table 2b.
WO 92/tl852 PCT/CA92/00001 ..
Table 1 Activity of com~..,.d~ a~ l Duck hepatitis B virus in vitro "
Compound IC50 llg/mlActivity Co~,.puu,~d of formula (I) R~em3te ++++
at lOl~g/ml (_) e.n~ntiQmer <1 llg/ml ddG 0.07Jlg/ml ddDAPR 0.07~g/ml ActivitY of compounds a~ainst human hepatitis B virus in vitro Table 2A
HBV Activity at 10~1g/ml Compound of formula (I) Racemate + + +
ddG +++
ddDAPR +
Table 2B
ICSO~uM
3TC 5.6 ddC 2.2 a~AMP 2.9 cdG 0.034 ddC = 2',3'-didco,~c~idine cdG = co~ cLc d~ n~:nr, araAMP = adenG~ S'-~ ,.k~-~
USE OF 1,3-OXATHIOLANE NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUES IN THE
TREATMENT OF HEPATITIS B
The present invention relates to the use of nucleoside analogues in the treatment of viral infections. Morc specifically it is concerncd with the use of 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues in the trea~ment of hep~ti~i~, in particular hepatitis B.
Hepatitis B is a viral disease transmitted orally or parenterally by contaminated material such as blood and blood products, contaminated needles, sexually and vertically from infectcd or carrier mothers to their off-spring. In those arcas of the world where the disease is common vertical tr~ncmission at an early age results in a high l,lopGllion of infccted individuals becoming chronic carriers of hepa~ B. There are an es~imst~A 280,000,000 carriers of hepdlilis B worldwide.
At the present time there arc no efrc~;ti~c che."otl-e.~ ic agents for the t~eatment of hep~itic B infections.
A number of nucleoside derivatives have been described as having activity against the hepatitis B vjrus.
EPA 0206497 describes a number of 2',3'-dideoxy purine and pyrimidine nucleosides with antivi~l activity including activity against the hep,~ ;c B virus.
EPA 0302760 describes thc use of 2',3'-didcoxy purine nuclcosidcs for the tl~at."ent of hep~titis B inr~lions.
WO 90/14079 describes the trcatment of hepatitis B by administration of 2' ,3 '-didcoxyc~lidine.
WO 90/14091 dcscribes the treatment of hepatitis B by administration of 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine, 2',3'~ideoxy adenosine or 2',3'-dideoxyinosine.
European patent application publication number 0 382 526 describes a series of 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues having antiviral activity, in particularactivity against HIV, the causative agent of A~DS.
PCT patent application publication number WO 91/ 17159 describes the compound (2R,cis)-4-amino- 1 -(2-hydroxymethyl- 1 ,3-oxathiolanes-yl)-( 1 H)-pyrimidin-2-one (also known as 3TC) and its use in the treatment of HIV infections.
3TC is the (-)-enantiomer of one of the compounds (BCH-189) described in EPA
0382526. We have now found that BCH-lg9 and its individual enantiomers, inrln-ling 3TC, are active both in vitro and in vivo against the hf p~ B virus.
The invention accordingly provides, in a first aspect, a method for the treatment of an animal, incl.l~lin~ man, infected with or ~uscc~ible to infection with the hep~ti~i~ B virus comprising the ~lministration of an effective amount of a CO~ OU"~ of formula (~) N~
O N
HOH2 1~~
orapha~ ly?~ p~'ledf.i~ thereof.
In a further or ~1~ . "~ , aspect there is l,lo.ided a co..,~u.,d of formula (I)as ~Pfin~A hereinabove or a pl~..,aceutic~lly ac~ept~ble d~i~ thereof for use inthe manufacture of a ...~Ai~ 1 for the ~ e ~l of k. p~l;l;~ B.
As will be ap~l~cia~d by those skilled in the art l~fe,~,nces herein to ll.,a~ ent extend to prophylaxis as well as to the treatment of established infections or As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art the co-..pound of formula (I)is a cis co"~l>. w-d and co~ l~;n~ two chiral centres (shown in formula (I) by *). Thus the compound exists as two enantiomers, compounds of formulae (Ia) and (Ib) ~;"~c~,~ely.
Wo 92/11852 PCr/CA92/0000l ,._ ~ I I
O~N (Ia) O ~ (Ib) HOH2C ~ HOH2C/",< ~,"
The coulpou~d of formula (I) is prcferably in the form of a racemic Illh~ c or its (-)-enqntir~m~or but a ~ un, of col~poul~ds of formulae (Ia) and (Ib) in any ratio may be employed in the invention.
Thc colll~,o.,nd of formula (I) has the chemic~l name _-4-amino-1-(2-h~dlo~l,.clllyl-1,3-o.~-hi~ -S-yl)-(lH)-pyrimidin-2-one. It is also known as BCH-189. The (-)-e~ntio-mer has the ch~m~ l name (-)-cis-4-amino-1-(2-hy~x~ e~ 3-o~thiolan-S-yl)-(lH)-py~imirlin-2-onc and has thc absolute sh,eocl~e ~;ctry of thc co...pou. d of formula (Ib) which has the name (2R,cis)4-amino-1-(2-hydru,L~...etl.~l-1,3-oY~thi~ n-5-yl)-(lH)-pyrimidin-2-one. It is also known as 3TC.
Preferably when the (-)-enqntiQmer is employed it will bc sub~nl;~lly free of the COl~SpO~ (+)-e.n~'lti~mer, that is to say no more than about 5% w/w of the (+) e,~ ~ o",e,r, preferably no more than about 2%, in particular less than about 1%
w/w will be present.
By the term "pharmaceutically acceptable derivative" is meant any pharmaceutically acceptable salt, ester, or salt of cuch ester, of a compound offormula (1) or any other colnpo.~lld which, upon ~iminis~ation to the recipient, is capable of providing (directly or indirectly) a compound of formula (1) or an antivirally active metabolite or residue thereof.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the compounds of formula(1) may be modified, to provide pharm~ce~ltir~lly acceptable derivatives thereof, at functional groups in both the base moiety and at the hydroxymethyl group of the oxathiolane ring. Mo lifir~tion at all such functional groups are included within the scope of the invention. However, of particular interest are pharmaceutically WO 92/11852 PCr/CA92/00001 acceptable derivatives (e.g. esters) obtained by mo~lifirA.tion of the 2-hyd~uAy...ell~yl group of the oY~thiol~ne ring.
~fe.l~d esters of the c~ ounds of formula (1) include the o co,llpounds in which OH is replaced by a C~AYI function R-C in which the non-carbonyl moiety R of the ester grouping is selected from hydrogen, straight or ('h~l chain aL~cyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, t-butyl, n-butyl), alkoxyalkyl (e.g.
methoAy.netl"~l), aralkyl (e.g. benzyl), aryloxyalkyl (e.g. ~her~uAynle~ l), aryl (e.g.
phenyl optionally subs~ ~l by halogen, Cl 4 aLkyl or Cl 4 alkoxy); sllb ~
dihydro pyridinyl (e.g. N-lllc~ lihydro ~lid"l~l); s~lphon~ esters such as alkyl-or aralkyl~ hc r.~rl (e.g. methanesulphonyl); sulfate esters, amino acid esters (e.g.
~valyl or ~isoleucyl) and mono-, di- or tri-l,ho r~l-At., esters.
Also included within the scope of such esters are esters derived from poly~ cl;onsl acids such as carboxylic acids contAining more than one C&IbGAY1 group, for example, dic~l~Aylic acids H02C(CH2)nC02H where n is an integer of 1 to 10 (for example, succini( acid) or phosphoric acids. Methods for p~aling such esters are well known. See, for example, Hahn et at., "NuclPoti~e Dimers asAnti H~ n TmmllnoAefiri~pncy Virus Agents", Nllcleotide Analo~ues, pp. 15~159 (1989) and Busso et al., "Nucleotide Dimers Supl,l.,ss HIV Expression In Vitro",AIDS Research and Human Reho.il~,ses, 4(6), pp. 449455 (1988).
With regard to the above described esters, unless otherwise sp~ir,ed, any allyl moiety present ad~ e, oU~l)r co~ ns 1 to 16 carbon atoms, particularly 1 to 4 carbon atoms and could contain one or more double bon~is. Any aryl moiety present in such esters advantageously co.nplises a phenyl group.
In particular the esters may be a C1 16alkyl ester, an unsubstituted benzoyl ester or a benzoyl ester substituted by at least one halogen (bromine, chlorine,fluorine or iodine), Cl 6alkyl, saturated or unsaturated Cl 6alkoxy, nitro or trifluoromethyl groups.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of formula (I) include those derived from pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic and organic acids and bases. Examples of suitable acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, CA 02100269 1998-0~-27 nitrlc, perchlorlc, fumarlc, malelc, phosphorlc, glycolllc, lactlc, sallcyllc, succlnlc, toluene-p-sulphonlc, tartarlc, acetlc, cltrlc, methanesulphonic, formlc, benzolc, malonic, naphthalene-2-sulphonlc and benzenesulphonlc aclds. Other aclds such as oxallc, whlle not ln themselves pharmaceutlcally acceptable, may be useful ln the preparatlon of salts useful as lntermedlates ln obtalnlng the compounds of the lnventlon and thelr pharmaceutlcally acceptable acld addltlon salts.
Salts derlved from appropriate bases lnclude alkall metal (e.g. sodlum), alkallne earth metal (e.g. magneslum), ammonlum and NR4+~where R ls Cl_4alkyl) salts.
References herelnafter to a compound accordlng to the lnventlon lncludes both the compound of formula (I) and lts pharmaceutlcally acceptable derlvatlves.
The compound of formula (I) and lts lndlvldual enantlomers may be prepared by any method known ln the art for the preparatlon of compounds of analogous structure for example by the methods descrlbed ln EPA 0 382 526 or WO
gl/17159.
The compound of formula (I) both as the racemlc mlxture and as the lndlvldual enantlomers has been found to lnhlblt the hepatltls B vlrus both ln vltro and ln vlvo.
It wlll be appreclated that the amount of a compound of the lnventlon requlred for use ln treatment wlll vary not only wlth the partlcular compound selected but also wlth the route of admlnlstratlon, the nature of the condltlon belng treated and the age and condltlon of the patlent and wlll be ~b ..1~
CA 02100269 1998-0~-27 - 5a -ultlmately at the dlscretlon of the attendant physlclan or veterlnarlan. In general however a sultable dose wlll be ln the range of from about 0.1 to about 750mg/kg of bodywelght per day preferably ln the range of 0.5 to 60 mg/kg/day, most preferably ln the range of 1 to 20 mg/kg/day.
The deslred dose may convenlently be presented ln a slngle dose or as dlvlded doses admlnlstered at approprlate lntervals, for example as two, three, four or more sub-doses per day.
The compound ls conveniently admlnistered ln unlt dosage form; for example contalnlng 10 to 1500mg, convenlently 20 to 1000 mg, most convenlently 50 to 700 mg of actlve lngredlent per unlt dosage form.
,,~
WO 92/11852 PCr/CA92/00001 Ideally the active inE,~l;cnt should be ~dmini~tered to achieve peak plasma collccnllations of the active co,.,l,uul,d of from about 1 to about 75 ~M, preferably about 2 to 50 11 M, most p,~fc,ably about 3 to about 30~ M. This may be achieved, for example, by the intravcnous injection of a 0.1 to 5% solution of the active in~dicnl, optionally in saline, or oqally r1n ;n;~t,~ ~d as a bolus conl~ining about 1 to about lOOmg of the active ingl~l;ent. Dcsirable blood levels may be m~int~inPA
by a continuous infusion to provide about 0.01 to about 5.0 mg/kg/hour or by intermittent infusions cont~ining about 0.4 to about 15 mg/kg of the active in~licnL
Whilc it is pos~ibl~ that, for use in ~ , a c.~ d of the invention may bc a~lminiQ~cd as the raw chemical it is ~ f ble to pll.s~rlt the active ingredient as apharmaccutical fo.. lGI;~n A ~h~,l,ac~u~c~ n will CO~ G a co~ of f~ (1) or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof togcthcr with one or more pharrnncel)tic~lly ~e,lable c~l;cl~ Ihe~fo~ and, optionally, other th~lap.,. licand/or ylOphy' - ~tic in~A;P ~-t~ The caIrier(s) must be 'P, ccr t~b!e' in the sense of being co.nr-~l;blPe with the other in~ s of the fo~rnul ~iorl and not deleterious to the recipient thereo~
Pharmac~utir~l form~ tions include those suitable for oral, rectal, nasal, - vaginal or parenteral (inclu~ p intramuscular, sub-cutaneous and intravenous) a~ .alion or in a form suitable for a ln ..~ ion by inhql~tion or insuffl~ion.
The formlllatior-c may, where app~o~liate, be con~eniently ~ scnt,,~ in discretedosage units and may be y~ d by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy. All methods include the step of bringing into association the active compound with liquid C~ill;-,l~ or finely divided solid carriers or both and then, if -ecesC~ ~, shaping the product into the desired formulation.
Pharm~ utir~l formnl~tions suitable for oral ~imini~Tation may conveniently be pl.,senled as discrete units such as capsules, cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient; as a powder or granules; as a solution, a suspension or as an emulsion. The active ingredient may also be ~.ne~l as a bolus, electuary or paste. Tablets and capsules for oral ~(lmini~tration WO 92/11852 PCr/CA92/00001 may contain conventional excipients such as binding agents, fillers, lubricants,disintegrants, or wetting agents. The tablets may be coated according to methodswell known in the art~ Oral liquid ~ A~I;onc may be in the form of, for example,aqueous or oily suspensions, solutions, em~lciomc~ syrups or elixirs, or may be l,n,senled as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid ~yalalions may cor,~ con-c ntional additives such as s~s~ ng agents, emulsifying agents, non-aqueous vehicles (which may include edible oils), or p~ a~i~es.
The coll ~u~nds according to the invention may also be formulated for parenteral ~dminictration (e.g. by injection, for cxample bolus injection or CQ~ v~ f~C O~) and may bc ~l~ s -nt~ in unit dosc form in ampoules, pre-fi~ed syringes, small volume infusion or in multi-dose containers wi~h an added preservative. The CQ~ ~a ~ e may take such forms as s-~s~ ~;one~ sclutiQnc or emlllsi( nc in oily or aqueous vehirles~ and may cont~in formulatory agents such as a.,~ n~ , st~ ng andlor dis~ ,g agents. ~ ely, the active i~ die,-may be in powder form, obtained by aseptic isolation of sterile solid or by Iyophili~tion from solution, for con~ l;Qn with a suitable vehicle, e.g. sterile, ~,~lo~n-free water, before use.
Pharmn~eutic~l formul~tiQns suit~hle for rectal ;~ministration wherein the carrier is a solid are most preferably l~se ~t~A as unit dose ~u~po~itories. Suitable C≪C.~ in~lude cocoa butter and other m~t,çri91c commonly used in the art, and the ~ul~ositories may be con..e,niently formed by, ~lmi~ture of the active col"poundwith the s~bciled or melted catTier(s) followed by chilllng and shaping in moulds.
Formulations suitable for vaginal administration may be presented as pessaries, Ia~yons~ creams, gels, pastes, foams or sprays co~t~ining in addition to the active ingredient such carriers as are known in the art to be ay~,o~.,iale.
For intra-nasal ~lminictration the colllpoll"ds of the invention may be used as a liquid spray or dispersible powder or in the form of drops.
Drops may be formulated with an aqueous or non-aqueous base also comprising one more more dispersing agents, solubilising agents or suspending agents. Liquid sprays are conveniently delivered from pl~s~ulised packs.
WO 92/11852 - PCr/CA92/00001 For ~~ l.~on by inhalation the CO~po~ Ac acco~ing to the invention are con~enie~ delivered from an jnc~lfflvtor, nebuliser or a l,.vs~.uised pack or other co..~enienl means of delivering an ae~sol spray. P ~s~ ;ceA packs may co..,p..sv a suitable propellant such as dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlol~,tvl,~fluor~cll.ane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. In the case of a pressurised aerosol the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a .--et~,vd smount ~ lt~,-..zl;~vly, for . ~..;n;-nLIlion by inhsl~stion or i~urnr~;Qn the vol"l,ow~ds accGr~ing to the invention may take the form of a dry powder co..-position, for example a ~.dcr mix of the co--~---.d and a s~ s-b~ .dv base such as lactose or starch. The powder co.n~silion may be ~l~ser,tvd in unit dosage form in, for cxample, c~spsules or cartridges or c.g. gelatin or blister packs from which the.. ~vr may be a~ ~.vd with the aid of an i.~hsl~t~ or i.-~ ~m~tor.
When desired the above described formYlationc adapted to givc c~lctsineA
releasc of thc active i~.~v~;cnl may be employed.
The phann~eutirsl co...l osilions for use in the ~v~vnt invention may also contain other active in~vlienls such as ~sntimi~robial agents, or ~l~vsvl~a~ s.
Suitable form~ tior~c for use in the invention are described for example in EPA 0382526 and WO 91/ 17159.
-The compounds of the in~_.... lion may also be used in combin~tion with other therapeutic agents for example other antiinfective agents. In particular the cQ~ ou ~A~ of the in~v,l~n may be employed t~ll.-, with known an~ l agents.
The combinations referred to above may con~.cnienlly be p.~,serlt~d for use in the form of a pharmaceutical formulation and thus pharmaceutical fonnulations comprising a combination as defined above together with a pharmaceutically nccept~ble carrier tL~.lefo, comp~ise a further aspect of the invention.
The individual colllpolle.lls of such combin~tionc may be ~tlmin.~.le.~d either sv luenlially or simultaneously in sep~te or combined pharmaceutical formulations.
When the compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof is used in combination with a second therapeutic agent activeagainst the same virus the dose of each compound may be either the same as or WO 92/11852 PCr/CA92/00001 ."
differ from that when the C~ OL!~ is used alone. Appropriate doses will be readily a~ t~d by those skilled in the art.
The invention is illustrated by the following ex~mples which should not be in~.~..~,t~l as a ~ " ;ol~ of the invenhon.
Example 1 Biolo~ical ActivitY
(A) Newborn ducklings were infected with DHBV. After 5 to 7 days post-inr~ n~ ~L~--p1es of blood were taken from the ~uc~1in~s and examined for DHBV
DNA using dot 1l~3~ ;ol~ with a speeifie DNA probe (Mason et al, Proc. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA 79, 3997-400l (1982)). The livers wcre removed from dot-blot v~L~ and used to p.oducc ~ hçp~t~cytc cultures infc~leA with DHBV as ~ usl~ ~es~i~l (T~ t' - ~ - et al, J. of ViroloF,r. 58, 17-25). After 2 days in culturc, an~ al agents were addcd to the culture mcdia. The mcdia were c'~ a-~.,d cvcry 2 days and at ~A nimes, the cells arc ~ lo.ed and the total DNAe~ ,d The DNA spotted on nihrocellulose paper and probed with the 32P-labelled DHBV DNA probe in accordance with the following procedure. The DNA from DHBV-il~fcct~,d l~-~p~toc~t~s was extracted and spotted onto a nitrocellular filter.
The above described 32P-nick translated - DHBV DNA (pDH-010 = DHBV) probe was used. The DNA was extracted from 6-cm cell culture dishes at various times post-pl~in~ In the VC group, cells were harvested at 2, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18 and 20 days. Duplicate samples were spotted for days 14, 18 and 20. In drug-treated groups, cells were harvested on days 8, 14 and 20. Drugs were added to the culture at 2 days post-plating and maintained throughout media changes every 2 days. Thetotal intraee~ r DNA was ~Al,~t.,d frcm cells using the standard phenol extraction method. The cells in a 6-cm ~i~meter Petri dish (approximately 5 x 106 cells) were lysed in a Iysis buffer containing 0.2% SDS, 150mM Tris-HCI pH 8.0, lOmM
EDTA, SmM EGTA, and 150mM NaCI. The cell Iysate was digested with 0.5mg/ml of pronase E (available from Sigma) at 37~C for 2 hours and proteini~d by extraction with an equal volume of phenol saturated with 20mM Tris HCl, pH
WO 92/11852 PCr/CA92/00001 7.5, 0.5 mM EDTA and 0.19to 8-lly~l.o~-y~;n~!ine~ ~olu~el~l~ated ~mmoni~lrn acetate (pH 7.0 ~2.5M)) was added to the aqueous phase to yield a 0.25M ammonium acetate solution and the nuGleiG acids werc precipitated with 2 volumes of 100%
ethanol. The pellet of nucleic acid was washed with ethqnQl and dried. The DNA
was dissolved in an SO]lltirn co~ ;n;ng 12.5mM Tris HCl, pH 7.5, 10 mM EDTA, 30% ~ ce.ol and 0.01% bromophenol blue. One twelfth of the DNA sample was spotted onto the nitro~llnlose for dot-blot analysis.
The drugs tested were scored on a scale of 0 (no activity) to ++++ (high activity).
The compounds tested were cis-2-amino-1-(-2-hydroxy-mcthyl-1,3-o~a-hiol~n-5-yl)-(lH)-pyri~idir 2-one (C~s.."~o~n~ of formula (I) both as the racc.ua~ and the (-) G~ l;G~er) and two known inhibitors of l~cp~ ;s B, 2',3'-Ldus.~y-guanosinc(ddG)and2,6 dia~ v~ r. 9 ~-D-2~,3~-didcoA~ )or~noside (ddDAPR)-(European Patent A~ on ~,~ AI;~ No. 0 302 760).
The results are shown in Table 1.
(B) Human Il~ ;s B results (i) Monolayers of Hep G2 cells transfected with human hepatitis B virus in 6-well plates in MEM supplc--- c -te~ with 380~g/ml Geneticin (GIBCO no. 860-18111J, G418 Sulfate) and 10% fetal calf serum were ~ p~,d and the monQl~yers used when the cells were 75% ~..nuc~, or greater.
Stock solutions of drugs were ~ an,d in PBS at lmg/ml. For drugs not soluble to this extent, cither thc ~ ~fi~ion was ~ llcd to 42~~: and ethanol added or the drug dissolved at a lower final con~e~ ation.
Stock solutions of drugs were diluted to final concentrations of 101lg/ml in MEM (su~ m~nte~ as above).
Medium was removed from cell monolayers and replaced with freshly p--,pa.~d medium containing the drugs. 2ml/well and triplicate wells were used for each assay.
The me-lium was removed and replaced with fresh medium containing drugs every second day for 14 days (ie, 7 ch~ng~s of drugs solutions).
CA 02100269 1998-0~-27 Medium was removed from each well and cell~ washed wlth lml PBS. 2ml/well RIPA buffer was added, and cells removed from the wells by scraplng wlth a rubber pollceman.
The cells were then transferred to test tubes.
lml chloroform was added to each tube and mlxed wlth a vortex mlxer. Then lml phenol (saturated with 20mM Trls, lmM EDTA, and 0.1% hydroxyqulnollne) was added to each tube, the tube centrlfuged and lml of aqueous layer removed.
Ammonlum acetate to 0.2M was added and mlxed followed by 2.5 volumes of lce cold ethanol. The mlxture was left at -20~C overnlght to preclpltate the DNA. DNA was pelleted by centrlfugatlon and washed once ln cold ethanol and dried.
The pellet was dlssolved ln 200 ~l of Trls (lOmM) EDTA (lmM) buffer by leavlng overnlght at 4~C and sonlcatlng brlefly (20 seconds). 20 ~l of each sample was dotted on to a nylon membrane and dot hybrldlzed wlth an HBV DNA probe.
RIPA buffer 0.15M NaCl, 1% sodlum deoxycholate, 1% Trlton x 100, 0.1% SDS, O.OlM Trls HCl, pH7.4 The results are shown ln Table 2a.
(11) The method used for thls test ls descrlbed ln deta~l ln Korba et al., Antlvlral Research 15, 217-228, 1992, and summarlzed below.
Hep G2 cells transfected wlth human hepatltls B
Trade-mark ,.~
CA 02100269 1998-0~-27 ... .
- lla -vlrus genomlc DNA (2.2.15 cells) were grown and malntalned ln RPMI1640 culture medlum contalnlng 5% foetal bovlne serum, 2mM
glutamlne and 50 ~g/ml gentamlcin sulphate, and checked routlnely for G418 reslstance. Cultures of 2.2.15 cells were grown to confluence ln 24 well tlssue culture plates and maintained for 2 to 3 days ln that condltlon prlor to drug treatment.
Drugs were dlssolved ln sterile water or sterile 50%
DMS0 ln water at concentratlons 100-fold hlgher than the higher test concentratlon. These solutions were dlluted as needed in culture medium.
The culture medium on the confluent cells was changed 24 hours prior to exposure to test compounds. During the 10 day treatment the culture medium was ,~
Wo 92/t1852 pcr/cA92/ooool changed daily. After 10 days of treatment the culture medium was collected and frozen at.-70~ for HBV DNA analysis.
To analyse extracellular HBV DNA, 0.2ml samples of culture medium were incubated for 20 minutes at 25~ in 1 M NaOH/lOX SSC (lX SSC is 0.15 M
HaCl/0.015 M Sodium Citrate, pH 7.2) and then applied to nitrocellulose membranes presoaked in 20X SSC using a blotting apparatus. Samples were neutralised by washing twice with 0.5ml of 1 M Tris, pH 7.2/2 M NaCI and once with 0.5ml of 20X SSC. Filters were then rinsed in 2X SSC and baked at 80~ for 1hour under ~a;uu~
A purified 3.2 kb EcoRl HBV DNA fr~ment was l~helled with [32P]dCTP
by nick t~ncl~tion and used as a probe to detect HBV DNA on thc dot-blot by DNA
hybridisation. After washing, the hybri~lis~l blot was dried and 32p was ,~ nl;t;~l using an Ambis beta s~ el The results are shown in Table 2b.
WO 92/tl852 PCT/CA92/00001 ..
Table 1 Activity of com~..,.d~ a~ l Duck hepatitis B virus in vitro "
Compound IC50 llg/mlActivity Co~,.puu,~d of formula (I) R~em3te ++++
at lOl~g/ml (_) e.n~ntiQmer <1 llg/ml ddG 0.07Jlg/ml ddDAPR 0.07~g/ml ActivitY of compounds a~ainst human hepatitis B virus in vitro Table 2A
HBV Activity at 10~1g/ml Compound of formula (I) Racemate + + +
ddG +++
ddDAPR +
Table 2B
ICSO~uM
3TC 5.6 ddC 2.2 a~AMP 2.9 cdG 0.034 ddC = 2',3'-didco,~c~idine cdG = co~ cLc d~ n~:nr, araAMP = adenG~ S'-~ ,.k~-~
Claims (27)
1. Use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a hepatitis B infection.
2. The use as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the hepatitis B infection is human hepatitis B.
3. The use as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein the compound of formula (I) comprises (~)-cis-4-amino-1-(2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-(1H)-pyrimidin-2-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
4. The use as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 where in the compound of formula (I) comprises (-)-cis-4-amino- 1 -(2-hydroxymethyl- 1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-(1H)-pyrimidin-2-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
5. The use as claimed in Claim 4 wherein the compound of formula (I) is substantially free of the corresponding (+)-enantiomer.
6. The use as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 5 wherein the medicament is adapted for oral administration.
7. The use as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the medicament is adapted for parenteral administration.
8. The use as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the medicament is in unit dosage form.
9. The use as claimed in claim 8 wherein the compound is present in an amount of from 10 to 1500mg.
10. Use of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof for the treatment of a hepatitis B infection.
11. The use as claimed in claim 10 wherein the hepatitis B infection is human hepatitis B.
12. The use as claimed in claim 10 or claim 11 wherein the compound of formula (I) comprises (~)-cis-4-amino-1-(2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-(1H)-pyrimidin-2-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
13. The use as claimed in claim 10 or claim 11 wherein the compound of formula (I) comprises (-)-cis-4-amino-1-(2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-(1H)-pyrimidin-2-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
14. The use as claimed in claim 13 wherein the compound of formula (I) is substantially free of the corresponding (+)-enantiomer.
15. The use as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 14 in a form adapted for oral administration.
16. The use as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 14 in a form adapted for parenteral administration.
17. The use as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 16 in unit dosage form.
18. The use as claimed in claim 17 wherein the compound is present in an amount of from 10 to 1500 mg.
19. A composition for the treatment of a hepatitis B
infection, which composition comprises a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
infection, which composition comprises a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
20. The composition as claimed in claim 19 wherein the hepatitis B infection is human hepatitis B.
21. The composition as claimed in claim 19 or claim 20 wherein the compound of formula (I) comprises (~)-cis-4-amino-1-(2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-(1H)-pyrimmidin-2-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
22. The composition as claimed in claim 19 or claim 20 wherein the compound of formula (I) comprises (-)-cls-4-amino-1-(2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)-(1H)-pyrimidin-2-one or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.
23. The composition as claimed in claim 22 wherein the compound of formula (I) is substantially free of the corresponding (+)-enantiomer.
24. The composition as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 23 wherein the composition is adapted for oral administration.
25. The composition as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 23 wherein the composition is adapted for parenteral administration.
26. The composition as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 25 wherein the composition is in unit dosage form.
27. The composition as claimed in claim 26 wherein the compound is present in an amount of from 10 to 1500 mg.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002254613A CA2254613A1 (en) | 1991-01-03 | 1992-01-03 | 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues in the treatment of hepatitis b |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB919100039A GB9100039D0 (en) | 1991-01-03 | 1991-01-03 | Medicaments |
| GB9100039.8 | 1991-01-03 | ||
| GB919109913A GB9109913D0 (en) | 1991-05-07 | 1991-05-07 | Medicaments |
| GB9109913.5 | 1991-05-07 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002254613A Division CA2254613A1 (en) | 1991-01-03 | 1992-01-03 | 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues in the treatment of hepatitis b |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2100269A1 CA2100269A1 (en) | 1992-07-04 |
| CA2100269C true CA2100269C (en) | 1999-02-23 |
Family
ID=26298202
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002100269A Expired - Lifetime CA2100269C (en) | 1991-01-03 | 1992-01-03 | Use of 1, 3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues in the treatment of hepatitis b |
| CA002254613A Abandoned CA2254613A1 (en) | 1991-01-03 | 1992-01-03 | 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues in the treatment of hepatitis b |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002254613A Abandoned CA2254613A1 (en) | 1991-01-03 | 1992-01-03 | 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues in the treatment of hepatitis b |
Country Status (23)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | USRE39155E1 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP0565549B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2659863B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR0156747B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE120644T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU660650B2 (en) |
| CA (2) | CA2100269C (en) |
| CY (1) | CY2047B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69201948T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0565549T3 (en) |
| EE (1) | EE02995B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2070628T3 (en) |
| GE (1) | GEP19981482B (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3015694T3 (en) |
| HK (1) | HK159395A (en) |
| IE (1) | IE73642B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL100502A (en) |
| MD (1) | MD1224C2 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO180407C (en) |
| PH (1) | PH31397A (en) |
| TJ (1) | TJ249B (en) |
| TW (1) | TW202385B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992011852A1 (en) |
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-
1991
- 1991-12-25 IL IL10050291A patent/IL100502A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1992
- 1992-01-02 IE IE920004A patent/IE73642B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-01-03 MD MD95-0086A patent/MD1224C2/en unknown
- 1992-01-03 JP JP4501365A patent/JP2659863B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-03 ES ES92901354T patent/ES2070628T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-03 EP EP92901354A patent/EP0565549B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-03 PH PH43730A patent/PH31397A/en unknown
- 1992-01-03 CA CA002100269A patent/CA2100269C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-03 AU AU11534/92A patent/AU660650B2/en not_active Expired
- 1992-01-03 DE DE69201948T patent/DE69201948T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-03 US US09/585,431 patent/USRE39155E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-01-03 CA CA002254613A patent/CA2254613A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-01-03 AT AT92901354T patent/ATE120644T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-01-03 TJ TJ94000150A patent/TJ249B/en unknown
- 1992-01-03 GE GEAP19922644A patent/GEP19981482B/en unknown
- 1992-01-03 EP EP92300056A patent/EP0494119A1/en active Pending
- 1992-01-03 DK DK92901354.8T patent/DK0565549T3/en active
- 1992-01-03 WO PCT/CA1992/000001 patent/WO1992011852A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-01-03 US US08/084,222 patent/US5532246A/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-04-09 TW TW081102738A patent/TW202385B/zh active
-
1993
- 1993-07-02 KR KR1019930701998A patent/KR0156747B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-07-05 NO NO932442A patent/NO180407C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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1994
- 1994-10-20 EE EE9400302A patent/EE02995B1/en unknown
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1995
- 1995-04-06 GR GR940402226T patent/GR3015694T3/en unknown
- 1995-10-12 HK HK159395A patent/HK159395A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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1998
- 1998-04-30 CY CY9802047A patent/CY2047B1/en unknown
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