CA2098516C - Pulp making device - Google Patents
Pulp making device Download PDFInfo
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- CA2098516C CA2098516C CA 2098516 CA2098516A CA2098516C CA 2098516 C CA2098516 C CA 2098516C CA 2098516 CA2098516 CA 2098516 CA 2098516 A CA2098516 A CA 2098516A CA 2098516 C CA2098516 C CA 2098516C
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- Prior art keywords
- pulp
- cellulosic materials
- fibres
- wood
- shower
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
- D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
- D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
- D21B1/12—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by wet methods, by the use of steam
- D21B1/30—Defibrating by other means
- D21B1/32—Defibrating by other means of waste paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
- D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
- D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
- D21B1/12—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by wet methods, by the use of steam
- D21B1/30—Defibrating by other means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/64—Paper recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
The details of a device, being basically common for making high quality primarily mechanical, but also semi-mechanical and chemical pulps from almost all kinds of cellulosic raw materials such as wood, waste papers and non-wood plants - and with low capital and operating costs - are disclosed.
These raw materials, mainly due to the sloped configuration of the platform, butt against the retaining bars to maintain a relatively constant distance from the shower headers which are located behind these bars. These headers, through the shower jets, apply oscillating, fan-shaped, overlapping, hot water sprays under pressure, with or without chemicals, to the surface of the cellulosic material being defibered - to make pulp. The dislodged fibres i.e. the pulp passes through the floor-openings, to be collected and processed by the normal industry methods. As an example, to make a mechanical pulp from debarked logs, the pressurized, oscillating, hot jet water sprays, with or without chemicals, surround the wood fibres, soften the lignin, and dislodge the horizontally oriented wood fibres gently and in relatively less-damaged conditions. By using relatively low jet hot water pressure at a constant distance to a large amount of raw material at the same time, this basic-for-all-pulping device, with its low capital and operating costs, is an improvement on the existing art to manufacture uniform quality, strong pulps.
These raw materials, mainly due to the sloped configuration of the platform, butt against the retaining bars to maintain a relatively constant distance from the shower headers which are located behind these bars. These headers, through the shower jets, apply oscillating, fan-shaped, overlapping, hot water sprays under pressure, with or without chemicals, to the surface of the cellulosic material being defibered - to make pulp. The dislodged fibres i.e. the pulp passes through the floor-openings, to be collected and processed by the normal industry methods. As an example, to make a mechanical pulp from debarked logs, the pressurized, oscillating, hot jet water sprays, with or without chemicals, surround the wood fibres, soften the lignin, and dislodge the horizontally oriented wood fibres gently and in relatively less-damaged conditions. By using relatively low jet hot water pressure at a constant distance to a large amount of raw material at the same time, this basic-for-all-pulping device, with its low capital and operating costs, is an improvement on the existing art to manufacture uniform quality, strong pulps.
Description
t ~~~~~~.6 PULP MAKING DEVICE
Field Of Invention This invention relates to the manufacture of pulps from cellulosic materials like wood, waste papers and non-wood plants, more particularly to the method for making such pulps using a material feeding system and the pressure of a liquid stream with or without chemicals and temperatures.
Background Of Invention (a) Prior and General State of the Art Broadly speaking, pulps from wood and non-wood plants containing mainly cellulosic materials such as ' fibres, and the glue-like binding material lignin are made in 3 categories viz. mechanical., semi-chemical and chemical. For making purely mechanical pulps such as groundwood (GWD), pressurized groundwood (PGW), refiner mechanical pulp (RMP), and thermo mechanical pulp (TMP) grinders/refiners are used to defibre these materials by brute force with or without temperature and atmospheric pressure. F'or manufacturing semi-chemical pulps such as chemi-mecYianical pulp (CMP), chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP), and ultra high yield sulphite (UHYS), and ~0~8~.~6 ,:..
chemical pulps like kraft and sulphite, different suitable chemicals are used under high temperature and pressure (except for CMP). For making pulp out of waste papers, normally pulpers are used with water and with or without temperature and chemicals.
Higher temperature helps in mechanical defibering of cellulosic materials by softening the lignin and/or inter-fibre bonding. From wood both grinders and refiners dislodge the fibres which are mostly oriented along the length of the wood, at random basis i.e. not necessarily along the length of the fibres. So a substantial amount of fibres are cut, causing thereby dower strength of the pulp in general. The presence of high level of uncut and undamaged fibres in the pulp stock is one of the prerequisites for making a strong pulp. Softening temperature of dry lignin ranges from 127 -193 deg.C: Dry birch xylan and pine glucomannan (both are hemicelluloses, another component of wood);
soften at 167 deg.C and 181 deg.C respectively.
However, sorption of water by lignin and hemicellulose j causes pronounced decrease of the softening temperature - in some cases, to as low as 54 deg.C. Softening points of both dry and moist lignins or hemicelluloses have been shown to correlate with the temperature at which the~sample develops adhesive properties. Sorbed ° ~.
water is considered to act as a low molecular weight 2~9~j~.~
diluent in plasticizing the polymer chains and lowering the glass transition temperature at which a "plastic"
becomes tacky. Cellulose softens at temperatures greater than 230 deg.C. In contrast to lignin and hemicellulose, sorption of water by the Cellulose has negligible effect on the softening temperature. The difference is probably due to the crystalline nature of cellulose and indicates that the water does not plasticise individual cellulose chains at the molecular level - See D.A.I.
l0 Goring, in Consolidation of the Paper Web (F. Bolam, Ed.), British Paper and Board Makers Association (1966), pp. 555 - 575, "Thermal Softening, Adhesive Properties and Glass Transitions In Lignin, Hemicellulose and Cellulose".
Previous studies have indicated that both for spruce, a softwood and birch, a hardwood there appears to be 2 broad wood-softening gradual transition zones of an S-curve viz. 20 - 70 deg.C and 120 - 180 deg.C - See S. Lagergren et al:, Svensk Papperstidn. Vol. 60 (1957).
20 pp. 632 - 644, "Studies on the Interfibre Bonds of Wood". So, even with water temperature at less than'100 deg.C good defiberization of the wood and also non-wood plants can be achieved with suitably applied water jet showers for pressure-application, lowering thereby the overall cost of making pulps.
Field Of Invention This invention relates to the manufacture of pulps from cellulosic materials like wood, waste papers and non-wood plants, more particularly to the method for making such pulps using a material feeding system and the pressure of a liquid stream with or without chemicals and temperatures.
Background Of Invention (a) Prior and General State of the Art Broadly speaking, pulps from wood and non-wood plants containing mainly cellulosic materials such as ' fibres, and the glue-like binding material lignin are made in 3 categories viz. mechanical., semi-chemical and chemical. For making purely mechanical pulps such as groundwood (GWD), pressurized groundwood (PGW), refiner mechanical pulp (RMP), and thermo mechanical pulp (TMP) grinders/refiners are used to defibre these materials by brute force with or without temperature and atmospheric pressure. F'or manufacturing semi-chemical pulps such as chemi-mecYianical pulp (CMP), chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP), and ultra high yield sulphite (UHYS), and ~0~8~.~6 ,:..
chemical pulps like kraft and sulphite, different suitable chemicals are used under high temperature and pressure (except for CMP). For making pulp out of waste papers, normally pulpers are used with water and with or without temperature and chemicals.
Higher temperature helps in mechanical defibering of cellulosic materials by softening the lignin and/or inter-fibre bonding. From wood both grinders and refiners dislodge the fibres which are mostly oriented along the length of the wood, at random basis i.e. not necessarily along the length of the fibres. So a substantial amount of fibres are cut, causing thereby dower strength of the pulp in general. The presence of high level of uncut and undamaged fibres in the pulp stock is one of the prerequisites for making a strong pulp. Softening temperature of dry lignin ranges from 127 -193 deg.C: Dry birch xylan and pine glucomannan (both are hemicelluloses, another component of wood);
soften at 167 deg.C and 181 deg.C respectively.
However, sorption of water by lignin and hemicellulose j causes pronounced decrease of the softening temperature - in some cases, to as low as 54 deg.C. Softening points of both dry and moist lignins or hemicelluloses have been shown to correlate with the temperature at which the~sample develops adhesive properties. Sorbed ° ~.
water is considered to act as a low molecular weight 2~9~j~.~
diluent in plasticizing the polymer chains and lowering the glass transition temperature at which a "plastic"
becomes tacky. Cellulose softens at temperatures greater than 230 deg.C. In contrast to lignin and hemicellulose, sorption of water by the Cellulose has negligible effect on the softening temperature. The difference is probably due to the crystalline nature of cellulose and indicates that the water does not plasticise individual cellulose chains at the molecular level - See D.A.I.
l0 Goring, in Consolidation of the Paper Web (F. Bolam, Ed.), British Paper and Board Makers Association (1966), pp. 555 - 575, "Thermal Softening, Adhesive Properties and Glass Transitions In Lignin, Hemicellulose and Cellulose".
Previous studies have indicated that both for spruce, a softwood and birch, a hardwood there appears to be 2 broad wood-softening gradual transition zones of an S-curve viz. 20 - 70 deg.C and 120 - 180 deg.C - See S. Lagergren et al:, Svensk Papperstidn. Vol. 60 (1957).
20 pp. 632 - 644, "Studies on the Interfibre Bonds of Wood". So, even with water temperature at less than'100 deg.C good defiberization of the wood and also non-wood plants can be achieved with suitably applied water jet showers for pressure-application, lowering thereby the overall cost of making pulps.
20~8~.~~
(b) Deficiencies Of the Prior Art The pulp and paper industry generally uses equipments like, and systems for refiners, grinders, .
digesters and pulpers to make pulps. These types have the disadvantage of being expensive because of not only high capital cost but also for the high consumption of power, heat and chemicals (where applicable) under pressurized and non-pressurized conditions. Moreover, for the production of each kind of mechanical, semi-1.0 chemical, chemical or waste paper pulp different kind of initial pulping/defibering equipments are needed.
i Another device for the disintegration of wood subjects; inside a drum, the body of wood to liquid jet at a delivery pressure of from about 4,000 psi to about 60,000 psi as described and illustrated in United States Patent No. 4,723,715, dated Feb. 9, 1988, and in Canadian Patent No. 1 246 375, dated Dec. l3, 1988, both granted to Mazurkiewich for "Disintegration Of Wood". This device has several disadvantages. While this j 20 can disintegrate the wood by water jet pressure; it uses ver hi h ressure e. 10,000 si with a nozzle orifice Y g p g~ p diameter of about 0.6 mm to make fibres, being thereby expensive to make pulp, more so because of this device's .
i inabilityto disintegrate more than one wood log at one time. At such high water jet pressures, the pulp quality 2~985~~
is likely to be relatively low (no pulp test data given in Mazurkiewich). Moreover, for a certain jet pressure, the maintenance of optimum constant distance from the water. nozzle to the wood log surface being continuously disintegrated is very important for the uniform quality of the pulp being produced. However, in Mazurkiewich though some attempt has been made to correct this process-deficiency by the use of few staggered nozzles, it is not good enough for wood logs of different diameters to warrant the production of uniform quality pulp. This device is also incapable of processing habitually uncompacted waste papers and non-wood cellulosic materials to make uniform quality pulps because of its use of high pressure blasting water jets making these materials flying all over in the material feeding and operating set-up described in Mazurkiewich.
It is preferable to have one basic pulp making device which will be capable of making different kinds of uniform quality pulp from different fibre sources using less expensive equipments and infrastructurs, and less power, heat and chemicals. The'present invention relates to a pulp making device to produce such pulps at lower cost.
Summary Of~ Invention 2~~$~~~
The present invention consists of a pulp making device suitable for manufacturing economically high quality mechanical, semi-chemical and chemical pulps from various cellulosic materials. In one aspect of 'the invention the wood logs, preferably barked, being carried over by a conveyor pile up on an inclined floor so that the length-wise logs are sloped towards and pressed against the suitably spaced retaining bars. Just behind these bars, there are a series of suitably spaced horizintal, and parallel to the wood logs shower headers, each one containing a number of nozzles. The water nozzle showers, with a delivery pressure of less than 4,000 psi and temperature preferably not exceeding 100 deg.C mainly for softening the lignin, dislodge the .
fibres gently along the fibre length, thus causing least damage to the fibres. These showers, preferably being fan shaped, overlap each other to some extent at the edges. This arrangement, combined with the sweeping action of the oscillating shower header containing a series of nozzles, disintegrates a certain rectangular sized patch of wood. The neighbouring nozzles at the sides, top and bottom also work on the same principle disintegrating thereby, by their combined action, the whole front part of the wood pile facing the nozzles.
Because of the sloped body of the conveyor frame and the steep inclination of the floor which \is preferably filled up with logs up to the topmost nozzle header 2~98j16 height, the wood logs at the front continue to butt against the retaining bars, and thus maintain the distance between the continuously disintegrating wood -surface and the nozzles practically constant, an aspect which is important and preferable for manufacturing uniform quality good pulp. The pulp thus produced can be collected to a receiving tank by flowing through the floor-openings and over both sides of the log pile.
These floor openings also allow materials such as small wood pieces, stones, loose bark pieces to go through to be out of the operating floor.
In another aspect of the invention, suitable pulping and bleaching chemicals can be added to the shower water, preferably hot, the pulp thus produced being processed by the industry-norm procedures to attain target quality.
In another embodiment of the invention, the waste papers and non-wood cellulosic materials, in uncompacted pile or loose form can also be processed to pulp using the same basic operating principle as for wood logs, but with some modifications such as the configuration of the inner space of the device, the location of the shower headers, orientation of nozzle showers, spacing of retaining bars, slope and design of the floor.
(b) Deficiencies Of the Prior Art The pulp and paper industry generally uses equipments like, and systems for refiners, grinders, .
digesters and pulpers to make pulps. These types have the disadvantage of being expensive because of not only high capital cost but also for the high consumption of power, heat and chemicals (where applicable) under pressurized and non-pressurized conditions. Moreover, for the production of each kind of mechanical, semi-1.0 chemical, chemical or waste paper pulp different kind of initial pulping/defibering equipments are needed.
i Another device for the disintegration of wood subjects; inside a drum, the body of wood to liquid jet at a delivery pressure of from about 4,000 psi to about 60,000 psi as described and illustrated in United States Patent No. 4,723,715, dated Feb. 9, 1988, and in Canadian Patent No. 1 246 375, dated Dec. l3, 1988, both granted to Mazurkiewich for "Disintegration Of Wood". This device has several disadvantages. While this j 20 can disintegrate the wood by water jet pressure; it uses ver hi h ressure e. 10,000 si with a nozzle orifice Y g p g~ p diameter of about 0.6 mm to make fibres, being thereby expensive to make pulp, more so because of this device's .
i inabilityto disintegrate more than one wood log at one time. At such high water jet pressures, the pulp quality 2~985~~
is likely to be relatively low (no pulp test data given in Mazurkiewich). Moreover, for a certain jet pressure, the maintenance of optimum constant distance from the water. nozzle to the wood log surface being continuously disintegrated is very important for the uniform quality of the pulp being produced. However, in Mazurkiewich though some attempt has been made to correct this process-deficiency by the use of few staggered nozzles, it is not good enough for wood logs of different diameters to warrant the production of uniform quality pulp. This device is also incapable of processing habitually uncompacted waste papers and non-wood cellulosic materials to make uniform quality pulps because of its use of high pressure blasting water jets making these materials flying all over in the material feeding and operating set-up described in Mazurkiewich.
It is preferable to have one basic pulp making device which will be capable of making different kinds of uniform quality pulp from different fibre sources using less expensive equipments and infrastructurs, and less power, heat and chemicals. The'present invention relates to a pulp making device to produce such pulps at lower cost.
Summary Of~ Invention 2~~$~~~
The present invention consists of a pulp making device suitable for manufacturing economically high quality mechanical, semi-chemical and chemical pulps from various cellulosic materials. In one aspect of 'the invention the wood logs, preferably barked, being carried over by a conveyor pile up on an inclined floor so that the length-wise logs are sloped towards and pressed against the suitably spaced retaining bars. Just behind these bars, there are a series of suitably spaced horizintal, and parallel to the wood logs shower headers, each one containing a number of nozzles. The water nozzle showers, with a delivery pressure of less than 4,000 psi and temperature preferably not exceeding 100 deg.C mainly for softening the lignin, dislodge the .
fibres gently along the fibre length, thus causing least damage to the fibres. These showers, preferably being fan shaped, overlap each other to some extent at the edges. This arrangement, combined with the sweeping action of the oscillating shower header containing a series of nozzles, disintegrates a certain rectangular sized patch of wood. The neighbouring nozzles at the sides, top and bottom also work on the same principle disintegrating thereby, by their combined action, the whole front part of the wood pile facing the nozzles.
Because of the sloped body of the conveyor frame and the steep inclination of the floor which \is preferably filled up with logs up to the topmost nozzle header 2~98j16 height, the wood logs at the front continue to butt against the retaining bars, and thus maintain the distance between the continuously disintegrating wood -surface and the nozzles practically constant, an aspect which is important and preferable for manufacturing uniform quality good pulp. The pulp thus produced can be collected to a receiving tank by flowing through the floor-openings and over both sides of the log pile.
These floor openings also allow materials such as small wood pieces, stones, loose bark pieces to go through to be out of the operating floor.
In another aspect of the invention, suitable pulping and bleaching chemicals can be added to the shower water, preferably hot, the pulp thus produced being processed by the industry-norm procedures to attain target quality.
In another embodiment of the invention, the waste papers and non-wood cellulosic materials, in uncompacted pile or loose form can also be processed to pulp using the same basic operating principle as for wood logs, but with some modifications such as the configuration of the inner space of the device, the location of the shower headers, orientation of nozzle showers, spacing of retaining bars, slope and design of the floor.
2fl98~~.G
In another aspect of the invention, the wood material can be of any other dimension such as chips.
These ones, waste papers and non-wood cellulosic materials could also be defibered under pressurized conditions in a confined vessel using higher than 100 deg.C temperature and above atmospheric pressure for these spray pulpings.
Summary Of Drawings The invention, as exemplified by preferred ZO embodiments, is described with reference to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a wood material feeding and processing device, along with spray headers, nozzles, and retaining bar set-up of the invention;
and Figure 2 is the detailed view of the spray~headers with nozzles and retaining bar set-up;
and 20 Figure 3 is the detailed view of a triangular ~~~8~~~
shaped retaining bar, and fan-shaped spray showers just overlapping at the edges;
and Figure 4 is the detailed view of the log from which the fibres are being dislodged, the surface of the log generally keeping a constant distance from the nozzle;
and Figure 5 is the perspective view of an embodiment of a waste paper and non-wood plant materials processing device, along with spray header, retaining bar set-up, slope at floor and ceiling, and particularly narrowing configuration on all sides from front to the back - of this invention;
and Figure 6 is the side-view line diagram of the processing device Figure 5, with the slope at top~and bottom, and narrowing configuration from front to the end;
i : and ,.: ','... _... ~. : ..:.;.. ..-.';,,,. - , . , . . '' '~:;.. .. ,".'r . , ~.
~; ~:' , . ~::: , ,~, ,.:. i ~, j.-~~:. . .. -~, ~~.. ~.., '..; : . . .
Figure 7 is the detailed view of the spray headers with nozzles and retaining bar set-up.
Detailed Description Referring to the Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, the embodiment of the invention shown, a material feeding device comprises a conveyor with rollers 10. this conveyor is of belt type, or may be of other suitable types. The sloped body of the conveyor frame 12 delivers the materials such as logs 16 to the platform floor 14 ZO which is also sloped, preferably using the natural gravitational force. This platform, preferably with walls l8 on both sides to contain the feeding materials, has a floor with rectangular openings 14 which may also be of other configurations. Under this platform there is a channel 20 leading to a holding container to collect pulp, small wood pieces, stones and the like.
This material feeding device has retaining bars 24, i behind which there are oscillating shower headers 22 containing shower jets 26. These headers are preferably t parralel to each other being spaced at suitable distances so that their fan shaped oscillating jet t ! showers, as a whole, cover the entire front surface of a A
the feed materials. The orientation of these headers may a also be of other configurations. The retaining bars are y,,,. . . . ,.:,...~ ' ~.~. ~:,'.. . w.~. ,;~ ~:..~,~~ . ;';~ , ,'.~,'~ ~.
,~~~' .,, '.: . ,..... ,.,::'.,: ,..
2~9~~16 of triangular design 24, but may be of other suitable designs also. These suitably spaced bars are straight for most of the bottom part and are sloped at the top part, but may be of other designs and spacings also to accomodate the incoming materials for disintegration to best advantage.
The shower jets 26 are preferably of the models which will produce fan-shaped sprays 28, but these may be of some other suitable models also. The distance 32 between the shower jets and the materials being disintegrated is kept fairly constant by the retaining bars 24 for relatively uniform and sweeping disintegration 30 of wood or some other cellulosic materials which are being processed.
When a piece of wood is subjected to pressurized water jet showers at elevated temperature, the water being all around the target wood-piece area, the lignin-softening temperature is lowered. So, by applying the water jet showers, preferably being fan-shaped and oscillating, at suitable temperature~along the length of logs, in which direction most of the fibres are oriented, strong, relatively undamaged and uncut fibres are dislodged gently thereby making a very good mechanical pulp. This process will continue until the whole log or the fibrous material being processed is 2~98~~.~
used up. Suitable chemicals may also be added with this water for additional delignification and/or bleaching, if needed.
Referring to the Figures 5, 6 and 7 for pulping waste papers and non-wood plants, the embodiment of the invention shown, a preferably rectangular opening 52 of the device through which these materials 54 are fed preferably to full capacity. The opening 52 may be also of other configuration. Overhead shower headers 22, shower heads 26, sprays 28 and triangular straight retaining bars 25, preferably being on under-the-ceiling location, generally operate similarly as described previously for Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4> The two sides 44 of this device are preferably upright, the top 40 and platform/bottom 42, however, preferably being slopy.
Both sides of 44, top 40 and bottom 42 - all gradually narrow towards the end 48, 50 - thus providing a gradually shortening confined space as the materials being processed travel towards this end 48, 50 from the ~~ front 52. The platform 42 with its tapered configuration 46 towards the end has'preferably'circular openings 56 through which the disintegrated materials along with other smaller-than-opening particles can pass through.
When the materials 54 to be processed are fed by a . , 2~98~.16 conveyor with rollers similar to 10 in Figure 1 -through the opening 52 preferably filling up this opening fully, the platform of the device being slopy and the sides being tapered, the materials will be filled up to the ceiling from front 52 to end 48, 50, butting against the retaining bars 25. The entire top surface of the material-mass will be subjected to overlapping fan-shaped oscillating showers 28, similar to 28 in Figure 4, and the materials coming in contact with these showers will be disintegrated. These dislodged materials being of small size and being carried out by the shower-water, will percolate down to the bottom and, by passing through the platform-openings 56 will go out of the system for further industry-norm processing. Being pushed by the materials behind in the slopy platform preferably by gravity, the entire material-mass will be continuously disintegrated, exposing new surfaces to be worked upon at top and be pushed forward until the narrowed-down tip end of this material-mass is also disintegrated in the relatively w small place at the end. The platform openings 56 near the end 50 may be of different configuration than the rest - to allow the bigger non-cellulosic, and not-suitably-disintegrated cellulosic particles to pass through for collection and processing separately than the rest of the regular properly disintegrated materials.
20~~~~.6 The overall approach is that the energy and temperature are applied, with least possible waste, exactly where these are needed most viz. directly on the surface of the cellulosic materials for disintegration - minimizing thereby a lot of middleman- ~
waste of these items, such as idle powers of refiners, grinders, pulper motors along with their wasting of these items due to their inherent processing design shortcomings.
Furthermore, in case of semichemical or chemical 2~98J~.6 temperature preferably not exceeding 100 deg.C is applied. This pulp is equivalent to first stage thermo mechanical pulp (TMP) or pit groundwood (GWD) pulp, followed by industry-norm pulp processing steps, using chemicals also, if needed. When a debarked black spruce log was subjected to along-the-fibre sprays of hot water at 85 deg.C and 950 psi water header pressure, a mechanical pulp was produced. The nozzle used was Brooks 1/4 US9510 @ 4.7 USGPM at 950 psi. This first stage pulp had 698 Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF) with 27.6-8 rejects using a 0:20 mm (0.008 inch) slotted flat screen plate; and the screened pulp had Kajaani L weighted av.
of 1.42 mm and W weighted av. of 2.17 mm.
When a disintegrated spruce mechanical pulp came in contact with a Mg-base liquor of 6.27 total S02 at 90 deg.C and atmospheric pressure, the Kappa No. of this pulp at 10~ consistency started to drop down from initial 139 (0 min.) to 134 (1 min.), 127 (3 min.) and 111 (5 mina) indicating such Kappa No. reduction tendency, over time, of the disintegrated cellulosic fibres when surrounded by suitable liquors) even at atmospheric pressure and less than 100 deg.C
temperature.
For making semi-chemical pulps and for pulp bleaching: Similar conditions for making mechanical t;
- ~p~g~l~
pulps as mentioned previously, are applied, plus suitable chemicals preferably with the jet shower water are used, followed by preferably dewatering and tower-retention with additional chemicals, if needed - the pulp thus produced being equivalent to first stage chemi-mechanical pulp (CMP), ready for further industry-norm processing and bleaching treatments.
For producing chemical pulps: All above, followed by preferably another delignification step using pulping chemicals, and/or oxygen or ozone, plus industry-norm pulp processing steps. As the starting raw material is in disintegrated fibre-form now, this delignification i step would be relatively mild for temperature-pressure-chemical applications, compared to the industry-norm practices - thus resulting in overall low cost and good pulp quality - for the production of chemical pulps in this way.
s For some situations, other non-log wood materials such as chips and sawmill wastes can also be defibered in a confined space by using this spray technology. Also wood materials of any shape and size, waste papers and non-wood cellulosic materials can be defibered under pressurized conditions in a confined vessel using higher than 100 deg.C and above atmosphericpressure for pulping by such sprays.
2~~~~~.6 Although only two embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated, the present invention is not limited to the features of these embodiments, but includes all variations and modifications within the scope of the claims.
a :' ' .
~
' y:
.. . :r ~ ;;
.. . ,. ~, ,. , , ~ , . , . A.. . ~~ ~ v , . . .,
In another aspect of the invention, the wood material can be of any other dimension such as chips.
These ones, waste papers and non-wood cellulosic materials could also be defibered under pressurized conditions in a confined vessel using higher than 100 deg.C temperature and above atmospheric pressure for these spray pulpings.
Summary Of Drawings The invention, as exemplified by preferred ZO embodiments, is described with reference to the drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a wood material feeding and processing device, along with spray headers, nozzles, and retaining bar set-up of the invention;
and Figure 2 is the detailed view of the spray~headers with nozzles and retaining bar set-up;
and 20 Figure 3 is the detailed view of a triangular ~~~8~~~
shaped retaining bar, and fan-shaped spray showers just overlapping at the edges;
and Figure 4 is the detailed view of the log from which the fibres are being dislodged, the surface of the log generally keeping a constant distance from the nozzle;
and Figure 5 is the perspective view of an embodiment of a waste paper and non-wood plant materials processing device, along with spray header, retaining bar set-up, slope at floor and ceiling, and particularly narrowing configuration on all sides from front to the back - of this invention;
and Figure 6 is the side-view line diagram of the processing device Figure 5, with the slope at top~and bottom, and narrowing configuration from front to the end;
i : and ,.: ','... _... ~. : ..:.;.. ..-.';,,,. - , . , . . '' '~:;.. .. ,".'r . , ~.
~; ~:' , . ~::: , ,~, ,.:. i ~, j.-~~:. . .. -~, ~~.. ~.., '..; : . . .
Figure 7 is the detailed view of the spray headers with nozzles and retaining bar set-up.
Detailed Description Referring to the Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, the embodiment of the invention shown, a material feeding device comprises a conveyor with rollers 10. this conveyor is of belt type, or may be of other suitable types. The sloped body of the conveyor frame 12 delivers the materials such as logs 16 to the platform floor 14 ZO which is also sloped, preferably using the natural gravitational force. This platform, preferably with walls l8 on both sides to contain the feeding materials, has a floor with rectangular openings 14 which may also be of other configurations. Under this platform there is a channel 20 leading to a holding container to collect pulp, small wood pieces, stones and the like.
This material feeding device has retaining bars 24, i behind which there are oscillating shower headers 22 containing shower jets 26. These headers are preferably t parralel to each other being spaced at suitable distances so that their fan shaped oscillating jet t ! showers, as a whole, cover the entire front surface of a A
the feed materials. The orientation of these headers may a also be of other configurations. The retaining bars are y,,,. . . . ,.:,...~ ' ~.~. ~:,'.. . w.~. ,;~ ~:..~,~~ . ;';~ , ,'.~,'~ ~.
,~~~' .,, '.: . ,..... ,.,::'.,: ,..
2~9~~16 of triangular design 24, but may be of other suitable designs also. These suitably spaced bars are straight for most of the bottom part and are sloped at the top part, but may be of other designs and spacings also to accomodate the incoming materials for disintegration to best advantage.
The shower jets 26 are preferably of the models which will produce fan-shaped sprays 28, but these may be of some other suitable models also. The distance 32 between the shower jets and the materials being disintegrated is kept fairly constant by the retaining bars 24 for relatively uniform and sweeping disintegration 30 of wood or some other cellulosic materials which are being processed.
When a piece of wood is subjected to pressurized water jet showers at elevated temperature, the water being all around the target wood-piece area, the lignin-softening temperature is lowered. So, by applying the water jet showers, preferably being fan-shaped and oscillating, at suitable temperature~along the length of logs, in which direction most of the fibres are oriented, strong, relatively undamaged and uncut fibres are dislodged gently thereby making a very good mechanical pulp. This process will continue until the whole log or the fibrous material being processed is 2~98~~.~
used up. Suitable chemicals may also be added with this water for additional delignification and/or bleaching, if needed.
Referring to the Figures 5, 6 and 7 for pulping waste papers and non-wood plants, the embodiment of the invention shown, a preferably rectangular opening 52 of the device through which these materials 54 are fed preferably to full capacity. The opening 52 may be also of other configuration. Overhead shower headers 22, shower heads 26, sprays 28 and triangular straight retaining bars 25, preferably being on under-the-ceiling location, generally operate similarly as described previously for Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4> The two sides 44 of this device are preferably upright, the top 40 and platform/bottom 42, however, preferably being slopy.
Both sides of 44, top 40 and bottom 42 - all gradually narrow towards the end 48, 50 - thus providing a gradually shortening confined space as the materials being processed travel towards this end 48, 50 from the ~~ front 52. The platform 42 with its tapered configuration 46 towards the end has'preferably'circular openings 56 through which the disintegrated materials along with other smaller-than-opening particles can pass through.
When the materials 54 to be processed are fed by a . , 2~98~.16 conveyor with rollers similar to 10 in Figure 1 -through the opening 52 preferably filling up this opening fully, the platform of the device being slopy and the sides being tapered, the materials will be filled up to the ceiling from front 52 to end 48, 50, butting against the retaining bars 25. The entire top surface of the material-mass will be subjected to overlapping fan-shaped oscillating showers 28, similar to 28 in Figure 4, and the materials coming in contact with these showers will be disintegrated. These dislodged materials being of small size and being carried out by the shower-water, will percolate down to the bottom and, by passing through the platform-openings 56 will go out of the system for further industry-norm processing. Being pushed by the materials behind in the slopy platform preferably by gravity, the entire material-mass will be continuously disintegrated, exposing new surfaces to be worked upon at top and be pushed forward until the narrowed-down tip end of this material-mass is also disintegrated in the relatively w small place at the end. The platform openings 56 near the end 50 may be of different configuration than the rest - to allow the bigger non-cellulosic, and not-suitably-disintegrated cellulosic particles to pass through for collection and processing separately than the rest of the regular properly disintegrated materials.
20~~~~.6 The overall approach is that the energy and temperature are applied, with least possible waste, exactly where these are needed most viz. directly on the surface of the cellulosic materials for disintegration - minimizing thereby a lot of middleman- ~
waste of these items, such as idle powers of refiners, grinders, pulper motors along with their wasting of these items due to their inherent processing design shortcomings.
Furthermore, in case of semichemical or chemical 2~98J~.6 temperature preferably not exceeding 100 deg.C is applied. This pulp is equivalent to first stage thermo mechanical pulp (TMP) or pit groundwood (GWD) pulp, followed by industry-norm pulp processing steps, using chemicals also, if needed. When a debarked black spruce log was subjected to along-the-fibre sprays of hot water at 85 deg.C and 950 psi water header pressure, a mechanical pulp was produced. The nozzle used was Brooks 1/4 US9510 @ 4.7 USGPM at 950 psi. This first stage pulp had 698 Canadian Standard Freeness (CSF) with 27.6-8 rejects using a 0:20 mm (0.008 inch) slotted flat screen plate; and the screened pulp had Kajaani L weighted av.
of 1.42 mm and W weighted av. of 2.17 mm.
When a disintegrated spruce mechanical pulp came in contact with a Mg-base liquor of 6.27 total S02 at 90 deg.C and atmospheric pressure, the Kappa No. of this pulp at 10~ consistency started to drop down from initial 139 (0 min.) to 134 (1 min.), 127 (3 min.) and 111 (5 mina) indicating such Kappa No. reduction tendency, over time, of the disintegrated cellulosic fibres when surrounded by suitable liquors) even at atmospheric pressure and less than 100 deg.C
temperature.
For making semi-chemical pulps and for pulp bleaching: Similar conditions for making mechanical t;
- ~p~g~l~
pulps as mentioned previously, are applied, plus suitable chemicals preferably with the jet shower water are used, followed by preferably dewatering and tower-retention with additional chemicals, if needed - the pulp thus produced being equivalent to first stage chemi-mechanical pulp (CMP), ready for further industry-norm processing and bleaching treatments.
For producing chemical pulps: All above, followed by preferably another delignification step using pulping chemicals, and/or oxygen or ozone, plus industry-norm pulp processing steps. As the starting raw material is in disintegrated fibre-form now, this delignification i step would be relatively mild for temperature-pressure-chemical applications, compared to the industry-norm practices - thus resulting in overall low cost and good pulp quality - for the production of chemical pulps in this way.
s For some situations, other non-log wood materials such as chips and sawmill wastes can also be defibered in a confined space by using this spray technology. Also wood materials of any shape and size, waste papers and non-wood cellulosic materials can be defibered under pressurized conditions in a confined vessel using higher than 100 deg.C and above atmosphericpressure for pulping by such sprays.
2~~~~~.6 Although only two embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated, the present invention is not limited to the features of these embodiments, but includes all variations and modifications within the scope of the claims.
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Claims (6)
1. A device for making pulp from cellulosic materials which contain fibres, comprising:
a material feeding system, inclined platform floor with a set of parallel-to-each other retaining bars at its end, oscillating horizontal shower headers with nozzles for delivering water jets; and the said material feeding system has a roller-driven belt conveyor to deliver the cellulosic materials to the said inclined platform floor which in its turn by inclineness and gravity, causes these cellulosic materials to butt against the said retaining bars and maintain constant distance between the said shower headers and the cellulosic materials in front; and the said shower headers are located behind the said retaining bars, each shower header having a number of nozzles for delivering and directing water jets against the cellulosic materials for disintegration; and the oscillation of the said oscillating shower headers generates the up and down sweeping action of the said nozzle water jets which take the shape of a fan after emerging from the said nozzles; and the said nozzles deliver the said water jets at maximum 4000 psi delivery pressure for impingement on the fibre-containing cellulosic materials in order to separate the fibres from these materials to make pulp which is a composition of these said separated fibres; and the said nozzles apply hot water at maximum 100 deg.C with zero to high concentration of chemicals hydrogen peroxide, sulphite & kraft cooking liquors and caustic to soften the fibre-binding lignin of the said cellulosic materials in order to accelerate the separation and bleaching of the fibres.
Please amend claim No. 2 as shown in following claim No. 2.
a material feeding system, inclined platform floor with a set of parallel-to-each other retaining bars at its end, oscillating horizontal shower headers with nozzles for delivering water jets; and the said material feeding system has a roller-driven belt conveyor to deliver the cellulosic materials to the said inclined platform floor which in its turn by inclineness and gravity, causes these cellulosic materials to butt against the said retaining bars and maintain constant distance between the said shower headers and the cellulosic materials in front; and the said shower headers are located behind the said retaining bars, each shower header having a number of nozzles for delivering and directing water jets against the cellulosic materials for disintegration; and the oscillation of the said oscillating shower headers generates the up and down sweeping action of the said nozzle water jets which take the shape of a fan after emerging from the said nozzles; and the said nozzles deliver the said water jets at maximum 4000 psi delivery pressure for impingement on the fibre-containing cellulosic materials in order to separate the fibres from these materials to make pulp which is a composition of these said separated fibres; and the said nozzles apply hot water at maximum 100 deg.C with zero to high concentration of chemicals hydrogen peroxide, sulphite & kraft cooking liquors and caustic to soften the fibre-binding lignin of the said cellulosic materials in order to accelerate the separation and bleaching of the fibres.
Please amend claim No. 2 as shown in following claim No. 2.
2. A device for making pulp as defined in claim No. 1, wherein the said platform floor has openings through which the pulp goes out.
.....2
.....2
3. A device for making pulp as defined in claim No. 1, wherein a channel, being located below the said inclined platform floor and leading to a holding container, collect pulp.
4. A device for making pulp as defined in claim No. 1, wherein the said fan-shaped water jets overlap each other at their edges to cover without break horizontally the whole front surface of the cellulosic materials for separation of the latter's fibres.
5, A device for making pulp as defined in claim No. 1, wherein the said material feeding system for the log wood kind of the said cellulosic materials has walls on both sides of the said inclined platform floor.
6. A device for making pulp as defined in claim No. 1, wherein the said material feeding system for the waste paper and nonwood plant kinds of the said cellulosic materials has a tunnel with sloped and narrowing configuration on top, both sides and bottom of the said inclined platform floor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2098516 CA2098516C (en) | 1993-06-16 | 1993-06-16 | Pulp making device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2098516 CA2098516C (en) | 1993-06-16 | 1993-06-16 | Pulp making device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2098516A1 CA2098516A1 (en) | 1994-12-17 |
| CA2098516C true CA2098516C (en) | 2001-05-29 |
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ID=4151798
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2098516 Expired - Fee Related CA2098516C (en) | 1993-06-16 | 1993-06-16 | Pulp making device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2098516C (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106522006B (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2023-06-30 | 济南大学 | Pulping equipment based on high-pressure water jet and combined rotor pulping |
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1993
- 1993-06-16 CA CA 2098516 patent/CA2098516C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2098516A1 (en) | 1994-12-17 |
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