CA2098468C - Method for battery charging - Google Patents

Method for battery charging

Info

Publication number
CA2098468C
CA2098468C CA002098468A CA2098468A CA2098468C CA 2098468 C CA2098468 C CA 2098468C CA 002098468 A CA002098468 A CA 002098468A CA 2098468 A CA2098468 A CA 2098468A CA 2098468 C CA2098468 C CA 2098468C
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
battery
charging
charge rate
rate
voltage signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CA002098468A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2098468A1 (en
Inventor
David J. Theobald
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motorola Solutions Inc
Original Assignee
Motorola Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Motorola Inc filed Critical Motorola Inc
Publication of CA2098468A1 publication Critical patent/CA2098468A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2098468C publication Critical patent/CA2098468C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/865Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/90Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/92Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with prioritisation of loads or sources
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/90Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/96Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage in response to battery voltage
    • H02J7/963Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage in response to battery voltage in response to battery voltage gradient
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/90Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/971Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/975Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/977Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The battery charging process of the present invention uses three charging rates. The initial charge rate of C
charges the battery (101) until the battery's temperature reaches a certain level (102). The charger then changes to a trickle charge rate of C/8 to finish charging the battery (103).
Next, the charger reduces the charging rate to C/40 to maintain the battery's charge (105). The process then monitors the battery's voltage. If the voltage signal has a slope that indicates the battery is being used by an attached device (106), the charging rate is increased to the trickle charge rate to simultaneously power the device and charge the battery.

Description

2~

OD l~OR BA'~ ~A~rs~G

1~ 2r~.~r~ ~latea g~n~rally to th~ field of ~s UB~ ~f ~., t-_ ~J ~ r ~
r r~ 3 a ~ed ~or d~ioss are '~ eF~o--~ rad~ 7 asd ~- r~ ~., The~e new~ m~ikel metal 3L~,da (N~) ~ n;~ ry low, ~t a~ ~gh ~ ~1, rate u~1il the batte~ i8 ~oSt cL~Ejad ~
~h E 1~he cha~e rate ~ a low m~n~c0 ~ge. l~i8 i8 t~piwilly don~ by momto~ t~ batt~B t~ i e ~ud aD 5~ 1 he ehar~ rat~ as ~e batt~ry t~ e ln~eaE~eB. WheIl ~ne b~ a~l313 a ~rt~
hs ch~b.,. rlhK~ e 1O~elr9 ma~t.~,c~ ~rge.
11l order to ~ ~e time ~uat a co~uni~ation ~ ~ d~ice cannot b0 u~ed dtle to ~ h~ t ~5 ~e ~ *~n de~nce to be ~ ~ 2~ e ~B~ t4) power the de~ce ~v~le ~ ~ ~ed f~ ~ g.
Thi~ ~a~e~ a problem if ~he batte~ d ~he c1~7_. iE~ 21I~ the ...s-;I .t'-.~h.~l'e c~e mode. T~e O~ "R.. :r~l:nn d~nce ca~ a~ so ~us~ llhat th~
3D ~1;~. in the ~ance ms~de ~ ~u~plg all l~lhe device'6 need~ d the b~ ~t be us~d to ~upply ~h8 re~t.
mpl~ ~vo~ld be a i--ll;o~ A.h-~.. Q i~ de u~g ~O mA ~hile ~he d~g... s~ ;rT3 c~y ~i mA. The l;r~t~le"~h~ user ~6 ~e pho~ E;~ ~h~ll the 35 b~ actual~y b~mg rl..~ There il~ a re~ E need f~r .: ~

2 ~

a proee88 to dharge ~ battery, without ~ the batterJr, w~2ile the de~ *~rhed to 1 he batteIy is being uaed.

The ~ n(l of tlle IJ~e~ t inv~tion en~mr~ e~ a prooe~ for c~l~ a bn~ry. The batt~ harger haB a plur~ity Of ~ILeae~ ~ed cha~ r~tea. The ~oce~s ;k)1 D ~be batte~r voltag~ nal. If a 01ope of the batteIy ~0 voltage signal is greater thaII a ~.de~rminPd value, tlhe ~ g rate iB ~;lched firom a first ~e-~ete ~- ;-.e(l charge rate to a ~e~nd ~'Qt~rmined ~ rate. The seco~d ~de~ermi~ed ~rge rate ha~ a hi~her ra~e ~char~e t~an ~he firstpre.~ ,r..~ d ~harge rate.

The figure shows a flv.. ~ of tJhe battery cha.a;i,~g ~.ocea~ of the ~w~,nt in~entio~.
aD

T~e ~ OB~. of~he~ t~.~o~ aba~tery ~..e~ed deviice to be u~ed when c ~ to a ch&~ while 25 ~till cl~a,~ the k~ at a low, ~ ,e .~ e ra~
~O~a:86 i~ illu~ ed in ~e figure.
I~e ba~ of t~e ~ E_.~I, ~v~ iu~ hree ~ge rate~. The fast charge ra~ r~hoet~ ly ~ .. d to as C. In tlle ~ d ~.mho~ 500 ma~ bPI l ~ . :e~ a~e 30 u~ed, thu~ m~kinE C _ ~OO ~A. A~ernslte f~.~.h~t;l..çn~s will h~ve .L;~e~e,.~ valtles for C ~ P~ o~ ~e c~pa~ o~ ~he battery be~ cl~ d.
Ref~ to l~he figure, the b~t~ery cl~ the bat~ery t~...p~ iu.~ a6 the battery i~ g ~d at 1~he C
36 rate (101). VVheIl the ba~texy Jtl~ reache~ a I,.e~et~ poi~t (102), 47~ C iD ~e l~e~o~ qmhorlim~nt., , . . . ....... . . .

... .. . ..

:
, .
3- 2 ~

~e char~ ~l~ces~ change~ to a trickle c~rge mode (103) to finia~h cha.~g the battery. I~ ~e ~f~ d ~mho-lim~n~, 1~bi8 trie:kle ~ha~e rate i~ C/8. ~lle. ..~ P~nho~imP!~t-~ can have ~;lroiG.~ le charge rates A.7~..~ on how fast the b~tte~ can be triclcle cll~d ~.;ll.ou~ m~$in~ or re~n~n~
1he life of the battery. The ~ cle ~ge i~ h~ Qd ~or a ~I,.ec'~ mined time (104). In tbe ~.~f~.~ed emho~ nt, thi8 t;me is 4 bour~.
Ollce ~e battery is fulty cl~ 5e~, the c~t;il,g proce~s to a ~ t. "~n~e ~halrge mode (106) t~ keep the batte~ry cl~a,,~3~. Ni~I batt~ries ~ cally lo~e t heir ~harge over an e~ Ad time, e~ .;LIhoul, ~e. The ..~s~ nS~ e 3~harge mode l~BepB the bat~Iy chafged ~ur~g this pe2iod 80 ~hat a lbat~e~y user w~l retu~n ~o a fi~lly c}~,ed bPAttery no J5 matter how lo~g 1~h~y are a~1vay. This m~ten~ce chsxge r~te in l he pr~f8;rred RmhG~ f ~t iB C/40.
If tlhe batte~y i~ ~v~ ~ a d~ice while in the nr~ rge mode (106), it'B likely t~at ~he C/40 rate iB
t providi~g enough ~ e~ to power t~e device and al80 ~0 keep the batte~y cl~ed to ~ a~y Thi~, may result i~ the user returni~ to a .L6d~d batte~ ne p.~ of ~e y.e~ent invention ~o .;lo~ ~ the battery vol~g~ while ~e battery iB being..~ 0~ d. Ifthe~lopeoftke voltage BigIlal i8 ~lealal than a p..~' rmin~ ralue, 2~; in~jsr~;nE the ba~er~ i i being di~g~d, tli~ piOCe3B
~an~ th9 C~large rate back to the tri~lsle ch~rge, (103~. In ~he ~ d emho~im~nt, the ~re~ ~1 ..~do.. i~ a 0.1 V drop in one hour~ harge rate ia ~ d for ~e 4 hour~ (104)~ ~i~ loop i6 1~ he b~ d ~om tlle ~hai~r~
In the l~-cf~ d e~hGt~ e~-t, a r~ iot~ nn9 i~
c~ Pcled to ~he ba~tery while ~g. Tne rP~io~l~hc~ne ~ra~s 50 mA while o~e.c~ g in the ~l~dl,~ mode. In 1~he t~i~le ~harge mode, the tri~le charge of C:/8 minus th~ radio ~5 st~dby ~ yield~ a C/40 ~arge rate to ~he ba~;tery~ Thi~ Pn~ler the ol~ eep the bat~ ~d while the . . . ~ ~ . i - . ~ . .............. .
., , .

-4- 2(~U'8~3~

l~ldiQ iS in use and ~he user will retur~ ~o a fillly charged batt~r~.
"~ e~hGr~ entq ofthe ~-~ce~3 of ~be pre8ent il~.~Li~ can have ditre~t c~aarge rate~ lle~ ~ on the 6 ~ nt ~¢q.u~d by the batter~ .esed device. If the de~ice dl'aW8 more e~.6~t tha~ 50 mA, the t~i~ls ~harge is le ' to ~ e ~l~, thu8 k~,3~ tbe battery c~arged while lhe device iB o~J.,.~Ii~;.

Claims (2)

1. A method for charging a battery in a battery charger having at least three charging rates, the method comprising the steps of:
charging the battery at a charge rate having a value of C until the battery temperature reaches a predetermined temperature;
if the predetermined temperature has been reached, charging the battery at a charge rate having a value of C/8 for a predetermined time;
after the predetermined time, charging the battery at a charge rate having a value of C/40;
monitoring a battery voltage signal of the battery;
determining a slope of the battery voltage signal; and if the drop in slope of the battery voltage signal is greater than a predetermined value, charging the battery at the charge rate having a value of C/8 for the predetermined time.
2. A method for charging a battery in a battery charger having at least three charging rates, the method comprising the steps of:
charging the battery at a fast charge rate until the battery temperature reaches a predetermined temperature;
if the predetermined temperature has been reached, charging the battery at a trickle charge rate, less than the fast charge rate, for a predetermined time;
after the predetermined time, charging the battery at a maintenance charge rate, less than the trickle charge rate;
monitoring a battery voltage signal of the battery;
determining a slope of the battery voltage signal; and if the drop in slope of the battery voltage signal is greater than a predetermined value, charging the battery at the trickle charge rate for the predetermined time.
CA002098468A 1992-07-07 1993-06-15 Method for battery charging Expired - Fee Related CA2098468C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US90988392A 1992-07-07 1992-07-07
US07/909,883 1992-07-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2098468A1 CA2098468A1 (en) 1994-01-08
CA2098468C true CA2098468C (en) 1998-09-01

Family

ID=25427979

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002098468A Expired - Fee Related CA2098468C (en) 1992-07-07 1993-06-15 Method for battery charging

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5510693A (en)
KR (1) KR0147033B1 (en)
CA (1) CA2098468C (en)
MX (1) MX9304082A (en)

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US6665801B1 (en) 2000-01-27 2003-12-16 Symbol Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for charging a self powered USB device at different charge rates according to the charge level of a rechargeable element on the device
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX9304082A (en) 1994-03-31
KR940003138A (en) 1994-02-19
CA2098468A1 (en) 1994-01-08
US5510693A (en) 1996-04-23
KR0147033B1 (en) 1998-10-01

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