CA2096558A1 - Composition and method for preventing animal destruction of woody articles - Google Patents
Composition and method for preventing animal destruction of woody articlesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2096558A1 CA2096558A1 CA 2096558 CA2096558A CA2096558A1 CA 2096558 A1 CA2096558 A1 CA 2096558A1 CA 2096558 CA2096558 CA 2096558 CA 2096558 A CA2096558 A CA 2096558A CA 2096558 A1 CA2096558 A1 CA 2096558A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- coating composition
- latex
- composition
- surfactant
- animals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients to enhance the sticking of the active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR PREVENTING
ANIMAL DESTRUCTION OF WOODY ARTICLES
Abstract A composition and method of application of an anti-animal coating to bushes, shrubs, trees, and other woody products. The composition comprises a unique binder system containing a bitter-tasting component such as denatonium benzoate. The method and composition prevents the chewing, ingesting, inhaling, grazing, and feeding by animals of bushes, shrubs trees, woodchips, sawdust and other fibrous materials.
ANIMAL DESTRUCTION OF WOODY ARTICLES
Abstract A composition and method of application of an anti-animal coating to bushes, shrubs, trees, and other woody products. The composition comprises a unique binder system containing a bitter-tasting component such as denatonium benzoate. The method and composition prevents the chewing, ingesting, inhaling, grazing, and feeding by animals of bushes, shrubs trees, woodchips, sawdust and other fibrous materials.
Description
` : :
.
.
-2- 2 0 9 6 ~ ~ ~
This invention relates to a method a~d composition for the application of an anti-animal coating to woody articles to pxevent destruction of the articles by animals.
Baekground of the In~ention The destruction of bushes, shrubs, and trees in residential areas, nurseries, tree farms, refores~ation products, woods, and forests is an epidemic problem of significant magnitude. The economic losses resulting from chewing, grazing and feeding by animals is a world-wide problem resulting in annual losses of millions of dollars.
Furthermore, when destruction occurs in residential areas, nurseries, woods and forests, there is an aesthetic value which i~ lost, as well.
Thus, there is a need for a p:roduct which is economical ; to use, and prevents the chewing and grazing of woody articles by animals. There is a further need for a product ; which may be applied to materials which are misappropriated ~20 by animals for nests, bedding, etc.
In order to be an effective deterrent to animals, the composition must have a foul taste which deters chewing or gnawing of the wood or other material. The foul-tasting composition must also be contained in a binder which easily adheres to woody products, resists evaporation in hot and , ,.~" ... .
. : , ,: . ,; : ;
~, . .
: , . .
~3~ 2~9~
; humid weather, resists freezing in cold climates, and does not readily wash off upon exposure to rain. Due to the required large areas typically covered, the composition must also be easily applied and economical to use. The composition al50 must be nontoxic. The binder or the repellent cannot harm either the woody articles it is coated on or be toxic ~o the environment in the event the composition washes off and/or evaporates. The coating and method must also be safe from a humane standpoint.
Although the composition will not likely be consumed by animals, small quantities could be ingested by the animals and thus, it must be non-toxic in small quantities to animals.
A coating composition and method of applying the coating for ~he prevention of destruction of woody materials by animals and blrds is disclosed. The coating composition comprises:
a. an effective amount of a latex comprising 1 ~, ~
to 60~ solids; and b. an effective amount of anti-chewing agent.
The coating has the advantages of having a lingexing - bitter taste animals and birds don't like, is non-volatile, - 25 has effective adhesion to surfaces, is not subject to xain .
~ .
~ .
-~. .. . .
:- . ~ . . .... ...
,: . -, . . , : .
, :' ' : .
_4- 2~965~3 or snow wash-off and is subject to limited vaporization.
The composition may be applied in a single annual application to seedlings and have multiple year efficacy on mature trees. The composition may be applied to a wide S variety of species of deciduous and conifer trees and shrubs and is effective on a diverse range of forest animals and birds.
Detailed Description of the ~n~e~tio~
This invention relates to the method and composition of applying an anti-animal coating to woody articles such as trees, bushes and shrubs. Typical trees include, but are not limited to fruit and ornamental ~rees, apple trees, cherry trees, peach trees, pine, willow, ash, birch, aspen, maple, oak, walnut, balsam, cedar, spruce, citrus and nut trees. ~ypical shrubs which may have the coating composition of the present invention applied include, but are no~ limited to amuar maple, russian olive, crab apple, choke cherry, american plum, flame willow, golden willow, laurel leaf willow, japanese tree lilac, pogoda dogwood, juniperous chineisis, juniperous virginiana, juniperolls : scopulorum, juniperous sabina, arboruithrough oxidentalis, service berry, amelanchier species, glossy black choke cherry, siberian pea shru~, grey dogwood, red twigged ; 25 dogwood, hazelnut, catonea, astor species, dwarf bush, :,:
~ .~
.,, '`' ", :: ~ :::,.
: ::
; , , . : ' , : :: ` ': :' ' 2096~
honeysuckle, claney's dwarf honeysuckle, ninebark potentella, sumak, nanking cherry, regosa rose, silver buffaloberry, ash leaf spirea, anthow water spirea, vanoutte spirea, lilacs airwood, viburnum, nanny berry viburnum and american cranberry viburnum. The term ~woody articles,l' for this invention, includes trees, bushes, shrubs, woodchips, sawdu~t and also other materials animals and birds chew on or misappropiate for nests or bedding including insulation or other materials.
The invention is directed to the prevention of the destruction of the woody articles by animals and birds such ; as rabbits, deer, beaver, woodpec3cers, s~uirrels, moose, elk, porcupine, skunks, woodchuck, gophers, chipmunks, ; moles, mice, raccoons and other gxazing or chewing-type animals. By the term 'ianimal" it is meant to include all animals, birds ~nd insects which might chew, ingest or misappropiate materials in an unwanted manner.
More particularly, the invention is directed to a novel .
composition and method of application which has unique nontoxic adhesion prop0rties and has a bitter taste. The , :~
method and composition of the present invention comprises , an adhesive latex containing a bitter tasting or foul tasting component which repels animals when the composition ;
~is tasted or ingested. The coating composition must be ,:
;~25 safe for ingestion by animals, it must have the properties ;'''' .
''~'' ; , , :: ~. ': ..
6 209~5~ ~
necessary to adhere to various woody substrates and it must retain its pxoperti2s of adhesion and bitter taste when exposed to the elements. The composition generally comprises a latex, a bitter or foul tasting compound, and optionally surfactants, anti-foaming agents, dispersing agents, thixotropes t wetting agents or other constituents depending on th~ intended application.
The coating composition generally comprises an effective amount of a latex comprising about 1-60% solids and an effective amount of denatonium benzoate. Typically, the coating composition comprises about 1-30 wt%, preferably 3-20 wt% of a 0.05~ water base solution of denatonium ~enzoate, with the remainder of the composition ~' being latex and water. A surfactant may be optionally ~ 15 added in an amount of about 2 - 20 wt%.
`''! The coating is applied to woody articles in a variety of manners. Possible coating methods include spray coating, brush coating, coating with a roller, applying by hand with a glove and other typical coating methods such as .
automated coating systems typically used with painting and adhesive applications. Aerial application, such as used in crop dusting, is also a method of application which may be effectively used for the present invention.
One preferred method is "dipping", which involves dipping seedlings in the composition befoxe they are ,, i ( '' ' ` ' , ' ' . . ~
_7_ 20~6~5~
planted. The yollng seedlings thereafter are protected from animals in their young, vulnerable stage.
~ ~ .
;~ atex Latexes are emulsions, which are two phase systems consisting of two immiscible liquids, the one being dispersed as finite globules in the other. The dispersed, discontinuous or internal phase is the liquid that is broken up into globules. ~he surrounding liquid i~ known as a continuous or external phase.
~; Emulsions can be thin or thick fluids, paste or gels.
The viscosity may be increased by adding thickeners or gelling agents that are compatible with the emulsifier.
~ Viscosity may be decreased by increasing the proportion of -9l~ ~ 15 the continuous phase or by the addition of various types of i`9~ surface active a~ents.
Latexes which are useful for the present invention ; include generally any latex which results in an effective coa~ing which adheres to woody articles. The latex needs 1 20 to also sufficiently bind the bitter tasting anti-chew compound. Furthexmore, the latex must provide a viscosity whlch is suitable for widespread application~and adhesion to trees and shrubs.
Preferred latexes include, but are not limited to esters of acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, styrene, esters of .
: ~ .
.
, -8- 2~965~ ~
methyacrylic acid and b~tadiene. The preferred latex is either a carboxylated styrene butadiene copolymer or a vinyl acetate/butyl acrylate copolymer, which are commercially available from a variety of latex producers.
A preferred latex is 76 RES 4150 carboxylated SBR emulsion, commercially available from Unocal Chemicals Division.
;~ This emulsion has excellent adhesive characteristics and has good water resistance. The most important characteristics of the latex to be utilized are good water resistance and good adhesive properties.
If an acrylic or vinyl acrylic copolymer latex is used, the acrylic latex emulsion may comprise homopolymers of lower alkyl esters of acrylic acid or an alpha-lower alkyl acrylic acid, or copolymers thereof, that is polymers made of two or more different acrylic acid esters and/or alpha-lower alkyl acrylic acid esters. By "lower alkyl" it is meant alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
~ypical lower alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and butyl. Preferably, any one of the numerous commercially available acrylic latex emulsions may be used.
:, :
This include~ the Rhoplex brand acrylic emulsions ~ commercially available from Rhom and Haas Co.; UCAR brand -- acrylic latex emulsions, commercially available from Union Carbide and acrylic emulsions available from Reichhold Chemicals.
,: . ' ~''`' , '' ` ' ' ' ' ,' :;
-9- 2~96 ~ ~
Generally, latexes comprising 1 to 75~ solids are useful for the present invention. Nore preferably, latexes comprising 1 to 50% solids are useful. Nost preferably, latexes having 3 to 30% solids are effective for the present inv~n~ion.
The anti-chew compound can be any compound which is sufficiently bitter and/or vile tasting that it acts as an anti-chew repellant for animals. The compound denatonium benzoate is a bitter substance which exhibits a vile taste and a lingering after taste. To achieve the bitter tasting effects, denatonium benzoate may be diluted significantly, up to 1 part per 100 million parts diluent. Denatonium benzoate has the following chemical formula:
,j C2H5 :; ~ CH3 ----NHCOCH2 I+_cH2___ ( C~H5COO ) :: ~ 20 CH3 C2H5 Its chemical name is benzyldiethel [(2,6~
xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]~ammonium-benzoate). Denatonium ~, :
` benzoate has the following toxicity acute oral rat LD50, 612mg/kg.
In the present invention, the denatonium benzoate used is a 0.05~ solution diluted in a water base. Preferably, 1 to 30 wt% of the 0.05% denatonium benzoate solution may be '' '. ':'' . :
, .. . . .
used in the coating composition of th~ present invention.
More preferably, 3 to 20 wt~ of the 0.05% denatonium benzoate solution is used. Most preferably, 6 to 10 wt% of the 0.05% denatonium benzoate solution is used. The only requirements of the den~onium benzoate is that the concentration is sufficient such that it produces a vile taste when animals chew on the coated ~oody article. Other anti-chew compounds may be used such as denatonium saccharide.
Surfactants The composition of the present invention may include an optional surfactant. The properties of the composition can be enhanced or augmented using a variety of anionic, nonionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants known in the $~ art including sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids, ~,~ rosin acids, tall oil, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, long chain acid esters of polyethylene glycols;
; polyethylene glycol ethers of alkyl phenols, polyethylene glycol ethers of long chain alcohols and surfactants; fatty - acid diethanol amids, block copolymexs of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
Preferred surfactants for use with the present invention include ethoxylated phenols, copolymers of ethylene oxida and propylene oxide and polyethylene glycol ~;
:
,:
. .
' ~
:, .
~' :
2 ~ 8 ether~ of alkyl phenols or long chain fatty alcohols. The alkoxylated alkyl phenols or the alkoxylated fatty alcohols can contain from about 3 to about 40 moles of the alkylene oxide, or mixtures thereof, in combination with one mole of the alkyl phenol or fatty alcohol. Preferably, an ethylene oxide surfactant, available under the trade name Igepal RC-520 and commercially available from Rhone-Poulenc is used.
However other surfactants are useful with the present - invention.
- 10 Preferably, the coating composition of the present invention contains 1 to 25 wt% surfactant. Most preferably, the coating composition of the present invention contains 2 to 20 wt% of a surfactant.
., Dis~ersing aqents Optionally, the composition of the present invention may also contain a dispersing agent dispersed as an element of the solid phase or dissolved dispersed as an elemen~ of the liquid phase. The dispersing agent functions to efficiently disperse the denatonium benzoate of the present invention within the latex. The dispersing agen~ may also be used to lower surface tension and modify rheology within the system providing a composition which may be applied easily to the intended substrates.
Solid and liquid dispersing agents which are exemplary .
2~fi~5~
of those useful in the present invention includes those film forming agents having a dispersing character disclosed as useful in the coating composition of the present invention. Useful dispersing agents include colloidal compositions such as casein, soybean protein, cellulosic compositions such as carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl starch and hydroxy ethyl starch; silicatesl such as sodium ortho silicate, sodium metasilicate, sodium methyl silicate, and sodium disilicate.
10In the coating composition of the present invention, the concentration of the dispersing agent may vary from 0 wt-% to 5 wt-%, preferably from .5 to 4 wt-%, and most preferably from 1 to 3 wt-%.
!
~1~ 15Workin~__xample The following working examples were formulated as shown below.
Example 1 The preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the following composition:
Denatonium Benzoate(0.05~ solution) 8%
Latex (Res 4150) 45%
Surfactant (RC 250) 10%
Water 37%
. . . .
' . ,.'' '' ' .
;,' , ` ` ' ',' ; ~` ' ~' ' ~6~
:; The above discussion, exa~ples and data illustrate our : current understanding of the invention. However, since many variations of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention resides wholly in the claims hereinafter appended.
:
~ ' ' ' ,~ ` .
' ';
.
This invention relates to a method a~d composition for the application of an anti-animal coating to woody articles to pxevent destruction of the articles by animals.
Baekground of the In~ention The destruction of bushes, shrubs, and trees in residential areas, nurseries, tree farms, refores~ation products, woods, and forests is an epidemic problem of significant magnitude. The economic losses resulting from chewing, grazing and feeding by animals is a world-wide problem resulting in annual losses of millions of dollars.
Furthermore, when destruction occurs in residential areas, nurseries, woods and forests, there is an aesthetic value which i~ lost, as well.
Thus, there is a need for a p:roduct which is economical ; to use, and prevents the chewing and grazing of woody articles by animals. There is a further need for a product ; which may be applied to materials which are misappropriated ~20 by animals for nests, bedding, etc.
In order to be an effective deterrent to animals, the composition must have a foul taste which deters chewing or gnawing of the wood or other material. The foul-tasting composition must also be contained in a binder which easily adheres to woody products, resists evaporation in hot and , ,.~" ... .
. : , ,: . ,; : ;
~, . .
: , . .
~3~ 2~9~
; humid weather, resists freezing in cold climates, and does not readily wash off upon exposure to rain. Due to the required large areas typically covered, the composition must also be easily applied and economical to use. The composition al50 must be nontoxic. The binder or the repellent cannot harm either the woody articles it is coated on or be toxic ~o the environment in the event the composition washes off and/or evaporates. The coating and method must also be safe from a humane standpoint.
Although the composition will not likely be consumed by animals, small quantities could be ingested by the animals and thus, it must be non-toxic in small quantities to animals.
A coating composition and method of applying the coating for ~he prevention of destruction of woody materials by animals and blrds is disclosed. The coating composition comprises:
a. an effective amount of a latex comprising 1 ~, ~
to 60~ solids; and b. an effective amount of anti-chewing agent.
The coating has the advantages of having a lingexing - bitter taste animals and birds don't like, is non-volatile, - 25 has effective adhesion to surfaces, is not subject to xain .
~ .
~ .
-~. .. . .
:- . ~ . . .... ...
,: . -, . . , : .
, :' ' : .
_4- 2~965~3 or snow wash-off and is subject to limited vaporization.
The composition may be applied in a single annual application to seedlings and have multiple year efficacy on mature trees. The composition may be applied to a wide S variety of species of deciduous and conifer trees and shrubs and is effective on a diverse range of forest animals and birds.
Detailed Description of the ~n~e~tio~
This invention relates to the method and composition of applying an anti-animal coating to woody articles such as trees, bushes and shrubs. Typical trees include, but are not limited to fruit and ornamental ~rees, apple trees, cherry trees, peach trees, pine, willow, ash, birch, aspen, maple, oak, walnut, balsam, cedar, spruce, citrus and nut trees. ~ypical shrubs which may have the coating composition of the present invention applied include, but are no~ limited to amuar maple, russian olive, crab apple, choke cherry, american plum, flame willow, golden willow, laurel leaf willow, japanese tree lilac, pogoda dogwood, juniperous chineisis, juniperous virginiana, juniperolls : scopulorum, juniperous sabina, arboruithrough oxidentalis, service berry, amelanchier species, glossy black choke cherry, siberian pea shru~, grey dogwood, red twigged ; 25 dogwood, hazelnut, catonea, astor species, dwarf bush, :,:
~ .~
.,, '`' ", :: ~ :::,.
: ::
; , , . : ' , : :: ` ': :' ' 2096~
honeysuckle, claney's dwarf honeysuckle, ninebark potentella, sumak, nanking cherry, regosa rose, silver buffaloberry, ash leaf spirea, anthow water spirea, vanoutte spirea, lilacs airwood, viburnum, nanny berry viburnum and american cranberry viburnum. The term ~woody articles,l' for this invention, includes trees, bushes, shrubs, woodchips, sawdu~t and also other materials animals and birds chew on or misappropiate for nests or bedding including insulation or other materials.
The invention is directed to the prevention of the destruction of the woody articles by animals and birds such ; as rabbits, deer, beaver, woodpec3cers, s~uirrels, moose, elk, porcupine, skunks, woodchuck, gophers, chipmunks, ; moles, mice, raccoons and other gxazing or chewing-type animals. By the term 'ianimal" it is meant to include all animals, birds ~nd insects which might chew, ingest or misappropiate materials in an unwanted manner.
More particularly, the invention is directed to a novel .
composition and method of application which has unique nontoxic adhesion prop0rties and has a bitter taste. The , :~
method and composition of the present invention comprises , an adhesive latex containing a bitter tasting or foul tasting component which repels animals when the composition ;
~is tasted or ingested. The coating composition must be ,:
;~25 safe for ingestion by animals, it must have the properties ;'''' .
''~'' ; , , :: ~. ': ..
6 209~5~ ~
necessary to adhere to various woody substrates and it must retain its pxoperti2s of adhesion and bitter taste when exposed to the elements. The composition generally comprises a latex, a bitter or foul tasting compound, and optionally surfactants, anti-foaming agents, dispersing agents, thixotropes t wetting agents or other constituents depending on th~ intended application.
The coating composition generally comprises an effective amount of a latex comprising about 1-60% solids and an effective amount of denatonium benzoate. Typically, the coating composition comprises about 1-30 wt%, preferably 3-20 wt% of a 0.05~ water base solution of denatonium ~enzoate, with the remainder of the composition ~' being latex and water. A surfactant may be optionally ~ 15 added in an amount of about 2 - 20 wt%.
`''! The coating is applied to woody articles in a variety of manners. Possible coating methods include spray coating, brush coating, coating with a roller, applying by hand with a glove and other typical coating methods such as .
automated coating systems typically used with painting and adhesive applications. Aerial application, such as used in crop dusting, is also a method of application which may be effectively used for the present invention.
One preferred method is "dipping", which involves dipping seedlings in the composition befoxe they are ,, i ( '' ' ` ' , ' ' . . ~
_7_ 20~6~5~
planted. The yollng seedlings thereafter are protected from animals in their young, vulnerable stage.
~ ~ .
;~ atex Latexes are emulsions, which are two phase systems consisting of two immiscible liquids, the one being dispersed as finite globules in the other. The dispersed, discontinuous or internal phase is the liquid that is broken up into globules. ~he surrounding liquid i~ known as a continuous or external phase.
~; Emulsions can be thin or thick fluids, paste or gels.
The viscosity may be increased by adding thickeners or gelling agents that are compatible with the emulsifier.
~ Viscosity may be decreased by increasing the proportion of -9l~ ~ 15 the continuous phase or by the addition of various types of i`9~ surface active a~ents.
Latexes which are useful for the present invention ; include generally any latex which results in an effective coa~ing which adheres to woody articles. The latex needs 1 20 to also sufficiently bind the bitter tasting anti-chew compound. Furthexmore, the latex must provide a viscosity whlch is suitable for widespread application~and adhesion to trees and shrubs.
Preferred latexes include, but are not limited to esters of acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, styrene, esters of .
: ~ .
.
, -8- 2~965~ ~
methyacrylic acid and b~tadiene. The preferred latex is either a carboxylated styrene butadiene copolymer or a vinyl acetate/butyl acrylate copolymer, which are commercially available from a variety of latex producers.
A preferred latex is 76 RES 4150 carboxylated SBR emulsion, commercially available from Unocal Chemicals Division.
;~ This emulsion has excellent adhesive characteristics and has good water resistance. The most important characteristics of the latex to be utilized are good water resistance and good adhesive properties.
If an acrylic or vinyl acrylic copolymer latex is used, the acrylic latex emulsion may comprise homopolymers of lower alkyl esters of acrylic acid or an alpha-lower alkyl acrylic acid, or copolymers thereof, that is polymers made of two or more different acrylic acid esters and/or alpha-lower alkyl acrylic acid esters. By "lower alkyl" it is meant alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
~ypical lower alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and butyl. Preferably, any one of the numerous commercially available acrylic latex emulsions may be used.
:, :
This include~ the Rhoplex brand acrylic emulsions ~ commercially available from Rhom and Haas Co.; UCAR brand -- acrylic latex emulsions, commercially available from Union Carbide and acrylic emulsions available from Reichhold Chemicals.
,: . ' ~''`' , '' ` ' ' ' ' ,' :;
-9- 2~96 ~ ~
Generally, latexes comprising 1 to 75~ solids are useful for the present invention. Nore preferably, latexes comprising 1 to 50% solids are useful. Nost preferably, latexes having 3 to 30% solids are effective for the present inv~n~ion.
The anti-chew compound can be any compound which is sufficiently bitter and/or vile tasting that it acts as an anti-chew repellant for animals. The compound denatonium benzoate is a bitter substance which exhibits a vile taste and a lingering after taste. To achieve the bitter tasting effects, denatonium benzoate may be diluted significantly, up to 1 part per 100 million parts diluent. Denatonium benzoate has the following chemical formula:
,j C2H5 :; ~ CH3 ----NHCOCH2 I+_cH2___ ( C~H5COO ) :: ~ 20 CH3 C2H5 Its chemical name is benzyldiethel [(2,6~
xylylcarbamoyl)methyl]~ammonium-benzoate). Denatonium ~, :
` benzoate has the following toxicity acute oral rat LD50, 612mg/kg.
In the present invention, the denatonium benzoate used is a 0.05~ solution diluted in a water base. Preferably, 1 to 30 wt% of the 0.05% denatonium benzoate solution may be '' '. ':'' . :
, .. . . .
used in the coating composition of th~ present invention.
More preferably, 3 to 20 wt~ of the 0.05% denatonium benzoate solution is used. Most preferably, 6 to 10 wt% of the 0.05% denatonium benzoate solution is used. The only requirements of the den~onium benzoate is that the concentration is sufficient such that it produces a vile taste when animals chew on the coated ~oody article. Other anti-chew compounds may be used such as denatonium saccharide.
Surfactants The composition of the present invention may include an optional surfactant. The properties of the composition can be enhanced or augmented using a variety of anionic, nonionic, cationic, and amphoteric surfactants known in the $~ art including sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids, ~,~ rosin acids, tall oil, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, long chain acid esters of polyethylene glycols;
; polyethylene glycol ethers of alkyl phenols, polyethylene glycol ethers of long chain alcohols and surfactants; fatty - acid diethanol amids, block copolymexs of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
Preferred surfactants for use with the present invention include ethoxylated phenols, copolymers of ethylene oxida and propylene oxide and polyethylene glycol ~;
:
,:
. .
' ~
:, .
~' :
2 ~ 8 ether~ of alkyl phenols or long chain fatty alcohols. The alkoxylated alkyl phenols or the alkoxylated fatty alcohols can contain from about 3 to about 40 moles of the alkylene oxide, or mixtures thereof, in combination with one mole of the alkyl phenol or fatty alcohol. Preferably, an ethylene oxide surfactant, available under the trade name Igepal RC-520 and commercially available from Rhone-Poulenc is used.
However other surfactants are useful with the present - invention.
- 10 Preferably, the coating composition of the present invention contains 1 to 25 wt% surfactant. Most preferably, the coating composition of the present invention contains 2 to 20 wt% of a surfactant.
., Dis~ersing aqents Optionally, the composition of the present invention may also contain a dispersing agent dispersed as an element of the solid phase or dissolved dispersed as an elemen~ of the liquid phase. The dispersing agent functions to efficiently disperse the denatonium benzoate of the present invention within the latex. The dispersing agen~ may also be used to lower surface tension and modify rheology within the system providing a composition which may be applied easily to the intended substrates.
Solid and liquid dispersing agents which are exemplary .
2~fi~5~
of those useful in the present invention includes those film forming agents having a dispersing character disclosed as useful in the coating composition of the present invention. Useful dispersing agents include colloidal compositions such as casein, soybean protein, cellulosic compositions such as carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl starch and hydroxy ethyl starch; silicatesl such as sodium ortho silicate, sodium metasilicate, sodium methyl silicate, and sodium disilicate.
10In the coating composition of the present invention, the concentration of the dispersing agent may vary from 0 wt-% to 5 wt-%, preferably from .5 to 4 wt-%, and most preferably from 1 to 3 wt-%.
!
~1~ 15Workin~__xample The following working examples were formulated as shown below.
Example 1 The preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises the following composition:
Denatonium Benzoate(0.05~ solution) 8%
Latex (Res 4150) 45%
Surfactant (RC 250) 10%
Water 37%
. . . .
' . ,.'' '' ' .
;,' , ` ` ' ',' ; ~` ' ~' ' ~6~
:; The above discussion, exa~ples and data illustrate our : current understanding of the invention. However, since many variations of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention resides wholly in the claims hereinafter appended.
:
~ ' ' ' ,~ ` .
' ';
.
Claims (27)
1. A coating composition for the prevention of destruction of woody materials by animals, said coating composition comprising:
a. an effective amount of a latex comprising about 1 to 60% solids;
b. an effective amount of an anti-chew compound;
and c. the remainder water
a. an effective amount of a latex comprising about 1 to 60% solids;
b. an effective amount of an anti-chew compound;
and c. the remainder water
2. The coating composition of claim 1 wherein said latex comprises about 3 to 30% solids.
3. The coating composition of claim 2 wherein said latex is selected from the group consisting of butadiene, esters of acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, styrene, and esters of methacrylic acid.
4. The coating composition of claim 1 wherein said anti-chew compound comprises about 1 to 30 wt% denatonium benzoate.
5. The coating composition of claim 1 wherein said anti-chew compound comprises about 3 to 20 wt% denatonium benzoate.
6. The coating composition of claim 1 further comprising a surfactant.
7. The coating composition of claim 6 wherein the surfactant is an ethoxylated phenol.
8. The coating composition of claim 6 wherein said coating composition comprises about 2 to 20 wt% of a surfactant.
9. The coating composition of claim 1 wherein said latex is carboxylated styrene butadiene.
10. A method for the prevention of destruction of woody materials by animals, said method comprising the steps of:
a. preparing a weather-resistant coating composition, said coating composition comprising:
i. an effective amount of a latex comprising 1 to about 60% solids;
ii. an effective amount of an anti-chew compound; and iii. an effective amount of surfactant;
b. applying said coating composition to the base of woody materials selected from the group consisting of trees, bushes and shrubs from the ground, to a height not exceeding that reachable by said animals;
and c. allowing said composition to dry.
a. preparing a weather-resistant coating composition, said coating composition comprising:
i. an effective amount of a latex comprising 1 to about 60% solids;
ii. an effective amount of an anti-chew compound; and iii. an effective amount of surfactant;
b. applying said coating composition to the base of woody materials selected from the group consisting of trees, bushes and shrubs from the ground, to a height not exceeding that reachable by said animals;
and c. allowing said composition to dry.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein said latex comprises about 3 to 30% solids.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein said latex is selected from the group consisting of butadiene, esters of acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, styrene, and esters of methacrylic acid.
13. The method of claim 10, said composition wherein said anti-chew compound comprises about 1 to 30 wt% of a 0.05% denatonium benzoate solution.
14. The method of claim 10, said composition wherein said anti chew compound comprises about 3 to 20 wt% of a 0.05% denatonium benzoate solution.
15. The method of claim 10, said composition further comprising a surfactant.
16. The method of claim 10 wherein the surfactant is an ethoxylated phenol.
17. The method of claim 10 wherein said coating composition comprises about 2 to 20 wt% surfactant.
18. The method of claim 10 wherein said latex is a carboxylated styrene butadiene.
19. A coating composition for the prevention of destruction of woody materials by animals, said coating composition comprising:
a. about 1 to 15 wt% of a 0.05% denatonium benzoate solution;
b. about 35 to 60% of a latex having 1 to 60%
solids;
c. about S to 15 wt% nonionic surfactant; and d. the remaining portion water.
a. about 1 to 15 wt% of a 0.05% denatonium benzoate solution;
b. about 35 to 60% of a latex having 1 to 60%
solids;
c. about S to 15 wt% nonionic surfactant; and d. the remaining portion water.
20. The coating composition of claim 19 wherein said latex comprises about 3 to 30% solids.
21. The coating composition of claim 20 wherein said latex is selected from the group consisting of butadiene, esters of acrylic acid, vinyl acetate, styrene, and esters of methacrylic acid.
22. The coating composition of claim 19 comprising about 1 to 30 wt% denatonium benzoate.
23. The coating composition of claim 19 comprising about 3 to 20 wt% denatonium benzoate.
24. The coating composition of claim 19 further comprising a surfactant.
25. The coating composition of claim 24 wherein the surfactant is an ethoxylated phenol.
26. The coating composition of claim 24 wherein said coating composition comprises about 2 to 20 wt% of a surfactant.
27. The coating composition of claim 19, wherein said latex is carboxylated styrene butadiene.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US93551992A | 1992-08-25 | 1992-08-25 | |
| US935,519 | 1992-08-25 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2096558A1 true CA2096558A1 (en) | 1994-02-26 |
Family
ID=25467289
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2096558 Abandoned CA2096558A1 (en) | 1992-08-25 | 1993-05-19 | Composition and method for preventing animal destruction of woody articles |
| CA 2143327 Pending CA2143327A1 (en) | 1992-08-25 | 1993-07-23 | Composition for Preventing Damage Caused by Animals |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2143327 Pending CA2143327A1 (en) | 1992-08-25 | 1993-07-23 | Composition for Preventing Damage Caused by Animals |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU4783893A (en) |
| CA (2) | CA2096558A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994004027A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU703522B2 (en) * | 1994-12-22 | 1999-03-25 | Egg Industry Cooperative Ltd | Compound and method for repelling browsing animals from plants |
| US5741553A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-04-21 | Venus Laboratories, Incorporated | Pet repellants |
| SE0301100D0 (en) * | 2003-04-12 | 2003-04-12 | Organox Ab | Skadedjursrepellent |
| US7704519B1 (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2010-04-27 | John Baldwin | Composition and method for deterring animals from damaging exterior surfaces |
| US8104433B2 (en) * | 2008-07-17 | 2012-01-31 | Vet Planet, Llc | Long-lasting gustatory and/or olfactory aversion veterinary compositions for behavior modification |
| BE1022244B1 (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2016-03-04 | Globachem Nv | PESTING AGAINST AGENTS AND THEIR USE |
| CN105265433A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-01-27 | 东莞市立普利化工科技有限公司 | Long-acting wide spray formulation capable of preventing animals from biting articles and production technology thereof |
| SG11202108243SA (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2021-09-29 | Upl Ltd | Spray composition of aversive agent |
| US11840591B2 (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2023-12-12 | Sanipeel, LLC | In situ peelable protective barrier films |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4064316A (en) * | 1976-01-26 | 1977-12-20 | Camco Paints, Inc. | Process of denaturing lead painted surfaces |
| DE3021693A1 (en) * | 1980-06-10 | 1981-12-17 | Braun, Bernd, Dr.med., 3508 Melsungen | Protecting trees and plants from animal damage - by treating with emulsion of rubber latex, gelatin soln. and sand |
| US4661504A (en) * | 1984-11-02 | 1987-04-28 | Atomergic Chemetals Corporation | Denatonium saccharide compositions and method of use |
| DD233291A1 (en) * | 1984-12-28 | 1986-02-26 | Berlin Chemie Veb | PUNCHING AND SPRAYING WILD-BITE AND ANTI-SKIDING AGENT |
| GB8703716D0 (en) * | 1987-02-18 | 1987-03-25 | Dalgety Uk Ltd | Repelling animals |
-
1993
- 1993-05-19 CA CA 2096558 patent/CA2096558A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-07-23 AU AU47838/93A patent/AU4783893A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-07-23 CA CA 2143327 patent/CA2143327A1/en active Pending
- 1993-07-23 WO PCT/US1993/006961 patent/WO1994004027A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2143327A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
| AU4783893A (en) | 1994-03-15 |
| WO1994004027A1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
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